Composition "Mayakovsky's satire" (based on the poems "Protsessed", "About rubbish"). Reflections on the poems “Seated”, “About rubbish What is the specific content of Mayakovsky’s satire about rubbish

Mayakovsky's satire, like all his work, stood in the service of the revolution, in the service of socialist society. The heroes of the poet's satire are not specific characters, but personalized flaws depicted in a grotesque, caricatured form.
Mayakovsky's satire is one of the important constituent elements of his poetry. Its peculiarity is the lyrical passion of the patriotic poet in exposing what is incompatible with the idea of a high rank of a citizen, what hinders the building of a new State.
In the center of the poem "On rubbish" is the image of a tradesman who has infiltrated a Soviet institution and cares only about his well-being. The poem begins with these lines:
Glory, glory, glory to the heroes!!!
However, they were given enough tribute.
Now let's talk about rubbish.
Already this beginning speaks about the content of the poem. In it, Mayakovsky does not intend to sing the praises of the revolution. Despite the fact that the poet accepted the revolution immediately and recklessly, like a fresh element that swept the world, he cannot but notice the shortcomings around him. The remnants of the past world and malignant neoplasms of the present haunt Mayakovsky. He is ready to stigmatize them and reveal the negative features of society, like a surgeon's scalpel. This is what is said in the first lines of the poem. It was not created to glorify the heroes of the revolutionary years. It is intended to stigmatize the abominations of philistinism. “The rubbish has thinned a little so far,” the poet says in this poem. He denounces the philistines who became bourgeois in the post-revolutionary years, says that even the storm of the revolution could not cope with them. Although Mayakovsky hoped for the invigorating and refreshing effect of the revolutionary movement:
The revolutionary storms have calmed down.
The Soviet hodgepodge turned into mud.
And the mug of a tradesman came out from behind the back of the RSFSR.
No matter how much Mayakovsky hoped for a revolution, Soviet reality was not perfect. And the reason for this is simple: old people came to a new life, not wanting to change their principles, way of life, accustomed to eke out an existence. In spite of them, there were revolutionaries - representatives of the new trend, but they also calmed down, completing what they had begun. “The storms of the revolutionary bosoms have calmed down ...,” the poet says in his work.
Mayakovsky ruthlessly castigates the stupid, self-satisfied man in the street, indifferent to many manifestations of life, to art and beauty, absolutely soulless.
Mayakovsky in his poem creates images of philistines, whose horizons are limited, and their first joy in life is an increase in salary. Mayakovsky insists that philistinism is not a social estate, but a false estate. The images of the philistines are grotesquely exaggerated. A characteristic feature of this poem is self-disclosure in the world of the philistines. The portrait of Karl Marx became the decoration of the dwelling.
The characterization of the "scum", directly opposed to the real heroes of the revolution, ends with a fantastic picture: as if Marx himself raised an indignant voice against the philistine life from the portrait:
Marx looked from the wall, looked...
And suddenly he opened his mouth, and how he yelled:
“Threads have entangled the revolution with philistine threads. Wrangel is more terrible than philistine life. Hurry up the heads of the canaries, so that communism is not beaten by the canaries!”
And these lines again confirm the inner protest of the poet and his lyrical hero. Unwillingness to see old troubles in a new and close to perfect world.
I would like to draw attention to the last lines of the poem:
... turn the heads of canaries - so that communism is not beaten by canaries! ...
The word "canary" denotes all the narrow-mindedness, all the vulgarity of the philistine way of life. It is intended to generalize the “portrait of a tradesman”, beyond its borders - all that lack of spirituality and that desire for material values that the poet so despised. The canary as a symbol of philistinism (a bird in a cage singing for the amusement of people covered with fat) must be destroyed. Otherwise, all these "scum" - the philistines will bring "to nothing" the cause of the revolution.
Thus, "On Rubbish" is permeated with the pathos of the struggle against what hinders the formation of an ideal socialist society. Mayakovsky in it showed those shortcomings that forced him time after time to act with his poetic methods. The satirical denunciation of Mayakovsky is a strong, but perhaps the only means by which the poet tried to rebuild the world.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is one of the brightest representatives of the poetry of the 20th century. His poems and plays have long become classics and entered the school curriculum. Mayakovsky's analysis of "On Rubbish" is programmatic, since this poem clearly illustrates the style and the poet.

Brief biography of V. V. Mayakovsky

The future poet was born in Georgia in the small village of Baghdad. Already in the lower grades of the gymnasium, Vladimir Vladimirovich began to attend demonstrations and read revolutionary literature. In 1906, after the death of his father, the Mayakovsky family moved to Moscow. Here he begins propaganda work, for which he ends up in prison more than once. As a student at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, he met the Futurists. Now his creative path becomes inextricably linked with this direction. And Mayakovsky's first poems were published in the almanac of the futurists "A Slap in the Face of Public Taste."

The poet's work can be divided into two periods: pre-revolutionary, where the bourgeois and White Guards become the object of satire, and post-revolutionary, in which irony is directed at the shortcomings of contemporary society. Vladimir Mayakovsky is unusual in the presentation and rhythm of poetry, sarcastic and satirically accurate. "About rubbish" is a poem in which all these components of the writer's genius were manifested.

The subject of poems

All Mayakovsky's work has a pronounced satirical orientation. However, it is the poems of the late period (20s) that are distinguished by their unprecedented thematic richness. There is a feeling that all the shortcomings of his time fell under the satirist's hot hand and sharp tongue. The heroes of the works, and therefore, the objects of irony, are kulaks, new bourgeois, hooligans, pests, cowards, townsfolk, bigots, gossips, loafers, drunkards, bribe-takers, bunglers and many others.

Poem "About rubbish"

It was at this time, in the interval between 1920-1921, that Mayakovsky wrote one of his most wonderful poems - “On rubbish”. The theme of denunciation of philistinism, which "came out from behind the back of the RSFSR", became the main one for the work.

satirical motives

In the post-revolutionary years, Mayakovsky's satire intensifies, becomes sharper and more topical. At an early stage of his work, the poet opposed himself to the insensitive crowd, which did not understand the lofty ideals of the writer. After the revolution, all the sarcasm of Mayakovsky fell upon the enemies of communism. Especially the poet ridiculed philistinism in all its manifestations. Well-established and prosperous in the new Soviet life, the townspeople were seen by Mayakovsky as a defeat for the supporters of the revolution. But in order to better understand and imbue these ideas, Mayakovsky's creative analysis is needed. "About rubbish" is a poem that is best suited for this purpose.

The work begins with a sharp contrast. The first lines, sounding like: "Glory, Glory, Glory to the heroes!", Continue with absolute contrast: "Now let's talk about rubbish." But who is this "stuff"? It turns out to be the “philistine estate”, which not only survived during the revolution, but also perfectly adapted to the new life, having acquired “comfortable offices and bedrooms”. Any analysis of Mayakovsky is distinguished by expression and notes of indignation. "About rubbish" was no exception and absorbed all the indignation and protest of the poet.

Philistines, in Mayakovsky's understanding, are not just nasty and disgusting because of their way of life, from which one can only be annoyed "from a five-year sitting ass, strong as washstands." No, they are also dangerous opportunists and bureaucrats. Merciless and relentless in this poem

"About rubbish" - a description of life

The image of everyday life in the poem "On rubbish" was not a way of denunciation, but a reflection of the political ideals and values of the bourgeois class. Surprisingly, people of this type were born by the revolution itself, an era of change, but they can only trivialize, belittle and tarnish the lofty revolutionary ideals. It was with the help of the details of the situation surrounding the philistines that Mayakovsky showed that their concepts of the world and the future were perverted and far from truly communist. So, the Revolutionary Military Council, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, appears in a semantic connection with the word ball, which seems completely absurd and inappropriate. Moreover, there the bourgeois wants to "figure" in a new thing.

Mayakovsky said a lot about the townspeople in his work “On rubbish”. The verse, the analysis of which gives a complete picture of the poet's ideas about the contemporary world, speaks of the values and shortcomings of society.

Mayakovsky said that a satirical work can only be born if there is a suitable topic that just asks "to be published." But it’s not enough to decide on the topic, you need to be able to present it correctly in order to show all the wormholes and shortcomings of a social phenomenon. And here, the techniques long worked out by the classics are used: the accuracy of phrases, the clarity of reproof, absurdism and hyperbolization. Mayakovsky determined this formula for creating works. “About rubbish” is a poem that has absorbed all these principles. But the grotesque showed itself especially brightly, which seemed to put a bullet in the finale of the work: “Marx looked and looked from the wall ... And suddenly he opened his mouth, and how he screamed ...”.

Conclusion

Thus, our analysis and analysis of Mayakovsky's "On Rubbish" indicates that this poem is a reflection of the writer's creative method. It reflects the main thematic and ideological content of the post-revolutionary stage of the poet's development.

In the poem "On Rubbish" from the first lines: "Glory, Glory, Glory to the heroes!" the meaning changes to a mockery of "scum", the bark managed to overcome the onslaught of the revolution, adapt and even acquire "comfortable offices and bedrooms." For the writer, the landowners always evoked disgust, because they already had calluses from sitting: "From five years of sitting, the behinds are strong." They pose a danger by the fact that they easily change under the current, "quickly changing their feathers", already ending up in the levers of state government, spreading the bureaucracy. But most of all, the atmosphere in which the philistines live, who are not given peace of mind by the revolutionary mood, and they want to "calm down the storms of the revolutionary bosom" is most frightening. All this is described not without the help of everyday life, which is accurately and expressively indicated. For example, the Izvestia newspaper was put on a ship as a bedding for a kitten, and an official who, even at home, calls his own wife: “Comrade Nadya!”

It was through the everyday image of the verse "On Rubbish" that the essence of the bourgeoisie was expressed, whose class was born in the revolutionary era, but are capable of only one thing - to vulgarize all the ideas that are associated with the revolution. Various trifles, this or that detail that they create around themselves, against their will, forces them to reassess the concepts that belong to the revolution. Not without the Revolutionary Military Council, the Revolutionary Military Council, where Nadia: “And me with the emblems of the dress. You won’t show up in the world without a sickle and a hammer!”, where she was going to “figure”. The writer often repeated how satire is born. At the heart of the rod is a theme that "asks for a publisher." It was this theme that was taken as the basis of "About Rubbish". But all bullying will be only if you use very harsh words. Mayakovsky shows some points, listing rhymes and eccentric conclusions. Here is such a complete set and the poem “On Rubbish” was awarded, it is overflowing with sharp forms: “backsides”, “muzzle”, “scum”, which are complemented by swearing and rude words. But the eccentricity of the conclusion cannot be ignored: "The philistine life is more terrible than Wrangel."

Mayakovsky was a poet who always responded to the events taking place around him. In world poetry, he played one of the most exceptional roles - Mayakovsky devoted his talent to revolutionary renewal in the name of the happiness of millions of people. For him, there were no topics about which poetry could be silent. In the center of the work “On Rubbish”, the reader sees the image of a tradesman who managed to infiltrate the structure of the Soviet institution, but continues to care exclusively about his own well-being. In Mayakovsky's poem, "scum" is opposed to the real heroes of the revolution.

Who is the poet denouncing

An analysis of Mayakovsky's "On Rubbish" shows that the work is one of the samples that reflect Mayakovsky's satirical skill. In each of his lines, the reader hears a merciless and accusatory laugh. The poet ridicules those for whom the new era in the life of the country was just a period to which one could and should have adapted. He also denounces the townsfolk, for whom the symbols of the Soviet era were just a tribute to fashion. Mayakovsky treats such "types" with great hatred. And in order to attract the attention of his readers even more, the poet “revives” the portrait of K. Marx: “Marx looked and looked from the wall ... and suddenly, yes, how he screams ...”.

Analysis of Mayakovsky's "About Rubbish": Unusual Vocabulary

In order to create a satirical image of the ridiculed "philistine", the poet uses a very specific vocabulary. First of all, this is a large amount of various kinds of reduced vocabulary: “muzzle”, “scum”, “rubbish”, “heads .. turn off”. You can also feel the poet's ironic mood through the words of his subjective assessment: "bedrooms", "galifis". A detailed analysis of Mayakovsky's "On Rubbish" shows that the poet managed to develop an absolutely unique style with the help of neologisms. For him, they were never an end in themselves. The poet used these unusual words and phrases in order to increase the expressiveness of his works. For example, words such as "figure" and "frantic canary".

In the work, the poet also uses diminutive suffixes (for example, the words "bedroom", "ceiling"). This enhances the satirical impression of the work. The poet also uses words with emotional coloring instead of ordinary, neutral phrases. For example, this is the phrase "at the ball in the Revolutionary Military Council." After all, every reader knows that in the Soviet era there could not be any balls. This is the word of the old era. The poet builds phrases on the principle of sharpness, contrast, thus revealing the essence of the tradesman.

Analysis of the work according to plan

Analysis of Mayakovsky's poem "On Rubbish" according to the plan may include the following points:

Title of the work.
When the poem was written, what served as its writing. In this case, the poet's dissatisfaction with the philistines.
Artistic means used by the poet (neologisms, contrast, diminutive suffixes).
Hero image. In this case, this is a tradesman with his low interests.
The opinion of the student about the work.

Composition

When preparing an analysis of Mayakovsky's "On Rubbish", the student can also emphasize that the work has an unusual compositional structure. Of course, the selection of such blocks in the text is very conditional. The work begins with the laudatory exclamation of the poet: "Glory, Glory, Glory to the heroes !!!". And this exclamation contrasts very sharply with what will be said later. At the very beginning, the reader can already notice bitter satirical notes - they are a kind of beginning of the work.

An analysis of Mayakovsky's poem "On Rubbish" demonstrates that an exposition follows, with the help of which Mayakovsky explains the causes of the phenomenon of philistine in the Soviet state. And all the absurdity and ugliness of the image of the tradesman and his wife develops in the course of the work. The climax of this poem is the "revival" of the portrait of Marx, which could not stand the conversation of these people and came to life. His expressive speech is the denouement of the poem.

History of creation

The work was written in 1920-1921. At that time, it was already clear that not everything was going so smoothly in the country of the Soviets. Mayakovsky was able to see all the disgusting life of the philistines and described this phenomenon with his usual irony. However, it should be noted that the petty-bourgeois life described in the work is not the subject of Mayakovsky's satirical denunciation. It only expresses the true essence of petty-bourgeois life.

The main characters of the work

Conducting a brief analysis of Mayakovsky's "On Rubbish", it is necessary to mention the main character in the work. This is a tradesman with his low interests. His poet calls "a different scum." The tradesman dreams of acquiring various goods: for example, the subject of his desires is "Pacific galifis". As for his wife, she is also not averse to diversifying her wardrobe. But she definitely wants a dress with Soviet symbols. After all, "without a sickle and a hammer you will not appear in the light." At first it may seem that the tradesman is a man of the Soviet era. But then the reader sees that in reality his life is endowed with signs of another era - this is evidenced by the samovar, the piano.

The work is not only material for a detailed analysis of Mayakovsky's satire. "On Rubbish" also expresses the poet's personal fears about the influence of hypocritical philistines on the Soviet regime. After all, they hide behind generally accepted symbols, but in reality they never ceased to be philistines. They seem dangerous to Mayakovsky also because they are able to infiltrate the government apparatus, and this is precisely what gives rise to the ubiquitous disease of bureaucracy. In addition, the poet was horrified with all his heart by the petty-bourgeois atmosphere, which sought to "calm down the waves of revolutionary bosoms."

Turning to the future is a way to forget about the present. This is the way fiction is written. And when the future becomes a part of your life, as happened with writers and poets of the early twentieth century, then all that remains is to believe in this very future. Vladimir Mayakovsky firmly believed that he would come “to the communist far”, that his “verse would break through the vastness of years and appear weighty, rude, visible.” Therefore, he perceived poetry as a participant in the construction of life. At the same time, in an effort to spur time, to overtake it, the poet felt that he was lagging behind him, as if moving into the category of obsolete:

With the tail of years I become likeness
Fossil-tailed monsters.

Perhaps that is why they are amplified in his work. satirical motives. And if in the pre-revolutionary years satire was directed against the crowd, insensitive to the words of the poet, then when the revolution took place, Vladimir Mayakovsky's satirical target was its enemies, primarily internal ones. For example, the burghers, who were not a relic of the past. Philistinism, seen by Mayakovsky, is a product of the present, which means that it is quite tenacious, even prosperous, especially in the conditions of building a new Soviet life.

One of the first blows to this phenomenon Mayakovsky inflicts in a poem "Oh rubbish", whose analysis will be presented below. The first lines of the verse "Glory, Glory, Glory to the heroes!!!" are replaced by caustic mockery of "scum" who managed to survive under the onslaught of revolutionary storms, adapt, twist himself "comfortable rooms and bedrooms".

At Mayakovsky, the burghers are not just disgusting, because they pissed "From a five-year sitting behinds, strong as washstands", they are dangerous already because they cleverly turn out to be "hastily changed plumage", in the state apparatus, giving rise to the disease of bureaucratization of institutions (brightly reproduced a year later in the poem "The Sitting Ones").

Probably much more than the poet is frightened by the atmosphere that the bourgeois create around themselves, anxious to "the storms of revolutionary bosoms calmed down" and "Soviet mishmash turned into mud". Such atmosphere carefully traced with the help of everyday details, indicated precisely and expressively. For example, an indispensable attribute of the Soviet era is a portrait of Marx (apparently, instead of an icon). Or the Izvestia newspaper, which has become a bedding for a kitten. Isn't that sacrilegious? And shining with complacency ( "From the samovar unfastened") the physiognomy of a Soviet official who does not forget even at home to call his wife in a party way: "Comrade Nadia!" BUT "party comrade" to match her husband: she not only "piano student" she still wants "with dress emblems", as "Without a sickle and a hammer you will not appear in the world!"

Life in the poem "On Rubbish" is not a subject of satirical denunciation, it is a way of expressing the political essence of a phenomenon called philistinism. People belonging to this class are born, oddly enough, of the revolutionary epoch, but are only able to vulgarize the notions connected with the revolution. Every detail of the situation that they create around them makes us evaluate the concepts that belong to the revolution in a different way. Even a word "Revolutionary Military Council", that is, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, turns out to be associated with the word "ball" on which Nadia is going "figure" in a dress with emblems. What could be more absurd than the connection of such concepts?

Mayakovsky often talked about how satirical works are born. Work begins with a choice themes, "begging for mockery." It is this theme that underlies the poem "About rubbish." But the mockery will sound only if the word is "pointed" in the verse. Mayakovsky enumerates some methods of such sharpening: this is “making whips-rhymes”, eccentric conclusions, absurd hyperbolism.

In the poem "About rubbish" - a complete set. First, it's killer. sharp rhymes: "Murlo tradesman", "ass", "scum", the sharpness of which is also achieved by rude, swear words. Secondly, the eccentricity of the conclusions is really amazing:

More terrible than Wrangel is the philistine way of life.

And of course, grotesque finale, in which Marx looking from the wall "opened his mouth and screamed". A real theater of the absurd, in which all readers of this poem are involved.

"Lilichka!", analysis of Mayakovsky's poem
"Seated", analysis of Mayakovsky's poem