Day of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Day of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation".

The rear of the Russian army received its organizational beginning in the first quarter of the 18th century with the creation of regular troops and a navy by Peter I, who demanded that they be constantly provided by the state from state warehouses. Orders (Provision, Military, Artillery) became the central supply organs.

The beginning of the creation of provisions in the Russian army was laid by the decree of Peter I of March 1 (February 18 according to the old style), 1700, establishing the post of general-provian in the military department. By this decree, the general-provider was ordered "... to manage all the grain reserves for the dacha of military people, as well as their collection and dacha, in Moscow and in other cities ...". Thus, a new order was established, which, in accordance with the title of its chief, became known as Proviantsky, the beginning of a centralized provision of troops with food was laid.

On the same day, by royal decree, a "Special Order" was formed (later called the Military (sometimes also called the Commissariat), which was entrusted with the supply of troops with uniforms, equipment and salaries, as well as weapons and horses.

The artillery order was created in 1701 on the basis of the Pushkar order, which existed since the 16th century and was in charge of the manufacture, distribution and accounting of artillery and ammunition.

In 1711, by decree of Peter I, the supply agencies became part of the army. A commissariat was created in its field administration, which was in charge of all types of supplies. In divisions, the organization of supply was entrusted to the chief commissars and chief food officers, and in the regiments, respectively, to the commissars and food masters. Moreover, the regiments acquired their own military facilities.

The structure of government bodies that had developed at the beginning of the 18th century and the experience gained during the Northern War in supplying the army in the field were enshrined in the Military Regulations of 1716. Responsibility for providing the troops was assigned to the army commander (Field Marshal General), and direct leadership was assigned to the Kriegs Commissar General, whose duties, in particular, included supplying the troops with money, clothing, provisions, weapons and horses. Medical support was carried out in the army - a doctor under the highest generals, in divisions - a doctor and a staff doctor, in regiments - a doctor, in a company - a barber (paramedic).

Subsequently, the system of logistic support of the Russian army was improved taking into account the experience of wars. The supply transport was developed, a system for separating reserves was developed, and a unified commissary service was created. During the First World War, front-line and army supply bases were formed, front-line distribution stations began to function, which ensured the reception of railway transport from the rear of the country, as well as hull unloading stations.

In the Red Army, the Central Supply Directorate was formed in 1918; in associations and formations, the positions of chiefs of supply were established, to whom the units, institutions and services of the rear were subordinate.

With the end of the Civil War, the Central Supply Department was reformed into the Supply Department, which was soon liquidated. Food and clothing supply services were united in one Military Economic Directorate. The same thing happened with other supply and maintenance services. In addition, all of them were directly subordinated to the people's commissar of defense. The term "rear" as a system of comprehensive support for troops (forces) was excluded from everyday life. In 1935, instead of the Military Economic Directorate, they created the departments of food, clothing and transport supplies, also subordinate to the People's Commissar of Defense. The management of logistics, medical and other types of support was concentrated in the combined arms headquarters. The chiefs of staff of the front, army and division had full-time deputies for the rear, in the regiment - an assistant for the rear. In 1939, the Office of the Chief of Supply of the Red Army was established. In 1940, it was transformed into the Main Quartermaster Directorate, which included the departments of food, clothing, transport and household supplies and housing allowances.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the rear of the USSR Armed Forces included: rear units, units and institutions that were part of military units, formations and associations of all types of the Armed Forces; bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel; railway, automobile, road, repair, engineering and airfield, aviation technical, medical, veterinary and other rear units and units of central subordination. Their leadership in a special respect was carried out through the relevant main and central departments of the People's Commissariat of Defense. The general management of the Main Quartermaster, Sanitary, Veterinary Directorates and the Department of Material Funds was entrusted to the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense. The existing rear structure did not meet the requirements of the war.

There were no army and front-line rear services, since the states did not provide for its maintenance in peacetime.

In the context of the outbreak of World War II, on August 1, 1941, an order was signed by the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR "On the organization of the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army ...", which united the headquarters of the chief of logistics, the military communications department (VOSO), the road department and the inspection of the chief of logistics of the Red Army Army. The position of Chief of Logistics of the Red Army was introduced, to which, in addition to the Main Directorate of Logistics, the Main Quartermaster Directorate, the Fuel Supply Directorate, the Sanitary and Veterinary Directorates were also subordinate. The position of chief of logistics was also introduced in fronts and armies.

By May 1942, the positions of chiefs of logistics in corps and divisions were introduced. As a result of these measures, a well-organized and technically equipped rear of the Armed Forces was formed, which successfully coped with a large volume of tasks for the rear support of the troops.

In the postwar years, with the development of the country's economy, changes in the organizational structure and technical equipment of the armed forces, and the development of military science, the rear was further improved.

With the creation in May 1992 of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, their rear was also formed, the basis for which were the relevant bodies and infrastructure elements of the rear of the USSR Armed Forces.

As part of the structural transformations carried out in the army and navy, since 2010, to create a unified structure for the logistics of the Armed Forces (MTO of the Armed Forces) - the unification of the rear of the Armed Forces and armaments.

The created system of logistics is a vertically built management structure from the central apparatus to the military level. As a result, under a single leadership are structures designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel, organize the operation, maintenance and repair of weapons and military equipment, carry out military transportation by all modes of transport and maintain transport communications and facilities.

The scope of activities of the logistic services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also includes maintaining the good condition of the barracks, buildings, structures located on the territory of military camps, their cleaning, and the provision of public services; veterinary and sanitary food control, environmental protection measures and fire protection at the facilities of the RF Ministry of Defense.

Logistics support is organized and carried out in all types of daily and combat activities in order to maintain troops and forces in constant readiness to perform tasks as intended.

The management of the logistics system is built in accordance with the types of support: basic (general) - in the interests of all the Armed Forces and special - in the interests of individual types and branches of the troops.

The management of general types of support is entrusted to the central bodies of military control, subordinate to the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Dmitry Bulgakov.

Management of material and technical support in the types and arms of the troops is carried out by deputy commanders-in-chief (commanders) for logistics through their subordinate authorities, departments and services.

(Additional

Although the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, even theoretically, should not take a direct part in hostilities, nevertheless, August 1 - Day of the Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is a military holiday. It is impossible to fight successfully without the hard and tireless work of home front workers. The combat effectiveness of the army directly depends on their work. In our time, "rear" is a relative concept, and the soldiers of the rear structures are in no less danger than those who are on the front line.

This holiday affects so many military personnel. The rear structures of the RF Armed Forces include:

Main Headquarters;
9 central and main departments;
3 separate services;
many other structures in certain types of the Armed Forces and branches of service, in fleets, in military districts, etc.

The exact number of rear servicemen is not announced, but it is many tens of thousands of servicemen.

Story

Rear structures exist as long as, in fact, the armed forces. However, for a long time the rear services were organized in a completely arbitrary way. In Russia, they were officially legalized and acquired a slender structure only under Peter the Great in 1700. The first chief of the rear of the Russian troops was the okolnichiy Yazykov.

The modern look of the rear troops was adopted only in 1941, at the same time the position of "Chief of the Rear of the Red Army" was introduced. In the rear structures were brought together all the services that had been scattered until that moment, which were engaged in ensuring the combat activities of the troops. The first to take this position was Lieutenant General of the quartermaster service Khrulev. The corresponding order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR came into effect just on August 1. Therefore, the date for the holiday was, as we see, not chosen by chance. Well, the holiday itself - “Logistic Day” was officially introduced in 1998 on May 7 by Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Traditions

In view of the fact that the holiday of the rear troops is relatively young, it did not manage to acquire a special baggage of traditions. But he is necessarily mentioned in the programs of Central Television, the military personnel of the rear are congratulated by the Minister of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff.

In the military units of the rear structures, solemn meetings are held at which awards are made to officers who have particularly distinguished themselves in the service. Often, veterans of the rear services who have already retired or retired are invited to the celebrations. And of course, that the members of their families and relatives are sure to congratulate the rear soldiers.

August in Russia traditionally opens a series of military holidays. The first of them is the Day of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. This holiday is celebrated annually on August 1st. Logistics Day is a professional holiday for all military personnel, as well as civilian personnel of the armed forces related to units and subunits of the rear of the RF Armed Forces.

Logistic Day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is a very young holiday, it was approved by order of the Minister of Defense of Russia No. 225 of May 7, 1998. At the same time, the holiday began to be celebrated on August 1 as a memorial day in accordance with the decree of the President of Russia of May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."

The starting point for organizing the rear of the Russian army is considered to be the first quarter of the 18th century, when the regular army and navy were organized by Peter I. The creation of a regular army also required the organization of its permanent state support from state warehouses. At the same time, orders (Military, Artillery and Provisions) became the central supply organs. The beginning of the creation of provisions in the Russian army is attributed to February 18 (March 1, according to a new style) in 1700, when Peter I, on the basis of a corresponding decree, introduced a new position in the military department - a provision general. On the same day, Peter I also formed the "Special Order" (later it will be called the Military, although it was also called the Commissariat), he was entrusted with the supply of troops with equipment, uniforms and salaries, as well as horses and weapons. The artillery order was formed later - in 1701 on the basis of the Pushkar order, which had existed in Russia since the 16th century and was in charge of the production, distribution and accounting of artillery and ammunition for it.

In 1711, by decree of Peter I, supply agencies were included in the active army. And the structure of government bodies that developed at the beginning of the 18th century, as well as the experience gained during the Northern War in supplying the army in the field, were enshrined in the military regulations of 1716.

In the future, the structure and system of logistic support of the armed forces of our country has been continuously improved, taking into account the experience of conducting various wars. The supply transport was gaining more and more importance, a system of echeloning of military supplies was created, and a unified commissary service was formed. During the First World War, army and front-line supply bases were created, front-line distribution stations began to operate, which ensured the reception of railway transport, which brought ammunition, weapons, food and uniforms necessary for the troops from the depths of the country, and hull unloading stations also began to operate.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the rear of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union included: rear units, subunits and institutions that were part of military units, formations and associations of all types of the Armed Forces; warehouses and bases with stocks of various material resources; automobile, road, aviation technical, engineering and airfield, repair, medical, veterinary and other rear units and units of central subordination. The management of this entire system was carried out through the relevant main and central departments of the People's Commissariat of Defense. The general management of the Main Quartermaster, Veterinary, Sanitary Directorates and the Department of Material Funds was entrusted to the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.

There were no front and army rear services, since their maintenance in peacetime conditions was not provided for by the staffing table. Such a structure of logistical support for the troops did not meet the requirements of wartime.

In the conditions of the Great Patriotic War that had already begun, on August 1, 1941, Stalin signed an order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR "On the organization of the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army", which united the headquarters of the chief of logistics, the road department, the military communications department (VOSO), as well as the inspection chief of rear of the Red Army. At the same time, a new position was introduced - the head of the rear of the Red Army, in addition to the Main Logistics Directorate, he was also subordinate to the Fuel Supply Directorate, the Main Quartermaster Directorate, the Veterinary and Sanitary Directorates. In addition, the positions of chiefs of logistics were introduced in the armies and at the fronts. By May 1942, the positions of chiefs of logistics were already introduced in the corps and divisions of the Red Army. As a result of all the measures taken in rather difficult wartime conditions, it was possible to quickly create a well-organized and technically equipped rear of the Armed Forces, which coped with the colossal amount of work assigned to it. As a result, already in the 21st century, it was the date of August 1 that was chosen as a memorable day - the Day of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Today, the rear of the armed forces is organically integrated into the integrated system of logistics of troops (forces), which occupies one of the leading positions in improving the combat readiness of units, formations and organizations of the Russian Defense Ministry, in particular, and in strengthening the defense capability of the Russian Federation. In many respects, the combat effectiveness of the modern Russian army today depends on the effective and well-coordinated work of the system of logistics of the Armed Forces.

There is nothing surprising in this, a million-strong army must be supplied every day with everything necessary: to feed, shoe, clothe, provide housing and communal services to barracks and housing funds, refuel all military equipment without exception, store equipment and ammunition, provide veterinary and sanitary, environmental and fire security and solve many other problems. At the same time, all of the above must be done in emergency and extreme situations. To cope with such a volume of work, tens of thousands of logistics specialists are working on solving logistics problems around the clock.

Logistics specialists are responsible for organizing the transportation of troops and various materiel, the restoration and technical cover of transport communications. They contain air and naval bases, numerous military camps throughout the country, provide them with cold and hot water, and electricity. To solve these problems, a system of logistics support of the RF Armed Forces was created, which is rightly considered an integral part of the country's defense potential, a link between the Russian economy and directly the army and navy.

Today, the management of general types of support is entrusted to the central bodies of military control, among which are: the Headquarters of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, two departments (operational maintenance and provision of public services for military units and organizations and transport support), three main directorates (rocket and artillery, armored , head of the Railway Troops), six departments (food, clothing, rocket fuel and fuel, metrology, for monitoring the logistics system and the department for perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland).

In the types and arms of the troops, the management of material and technical support is carried out by the deputy commanders-in-chief (commanders) for logistics through their subordinate control bodies, services and departments. In the navy and in military districts, the management of general types of logistics is carried out by the deputy commanders of the troops of the military district (fleet) for logistics through the headquarters and directorates, which have contenting functions in relation to all troops (forces), according to their territorial principle. At the military level of the logistics system, there is a structure for managing the technical and logistic support of military units and formations, which is led by deputy commanders for logistics and armaments.

The work of the rear of the RF Armed Forces is best expressed through numbers. Every year, the efforts of the logistics services ensure the maintenance in good condition and proper operation of more than 120 thousand units of armored and rocket-artillery weapons, more than 400 thousand units of automotive and other military equipment. Every year they provide military personnel with food for two dozen food rations. Also, more than 50 million different items of military uniforms are constantly in the personal use of Russian military personnel, and about 15 million units of such items are issued every year.

The Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Dmitry Bulgakov, congratulating the personnel of the governing bodies and logistics units, noted that today the rear faces very difficult tasks: every day it is necessary to feed about 600 thousand military personnel at 1 norm of food rations, annually give out about 50 millions of different items of military uniforms; keep in order 5.7 thousand military camps throughout the country, including 69.5 thousand various buildings and structures, more than 5 thousand residential facilities and almost 200 thousand residential premises, as well as more than 7 thousand water and sewer facilities, more than 4 thousand thermal facilities and almost 24 thousand kilometers of various engineering systems and communications. At the same time, the rear servicemen, like other military personnel, have to serve and carry out their activities in all climatic zones of our country.

On August 1, Military Review congratulates all military personnel, as well as civilian personnel of the armed forces related to units and subunits of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as veterans of the rear service, including participants in the Great Patriotic War, on their professional holiday.

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As a memorable day in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."

The beginning of the creation of provisioning bodies in the Russian army was laid by the decree of Peter I dated March 1 (February 18, old style) 1700, establishing the post of general-provider in the military department, to which Semyon Yazykov was appointed. By this decree, the general-provider was ordered "... to manage all the grain reserves for the dacha of military people, as well as their collection and dacha, in Moscow and in other cities ...". Thus, a new order was established, which, in accordance with the title of its chief, became known as Proviantsky, the beginning of a centralized provision of troops with food was laid.

In the Red Army, in 1918, the Central Supply Directorate was formed; in associations and formations, the positions of chiefs of supply were established, to whom the units, institutions and services of the rear were subordinate.

With the end of the Civil War, the Central Supply Department was reformed into the Supply Department, which was soon liquidated. Food and clothing supply services were united in one Military Economic Directorate. The same thing happened with other supply and maintenance services. In addition, all of them were directly subordinated to the people's commissar of defense. The term "rear" as a system of comprehensive support for troops (forces) was excluded from everyday life. In 1935, instead of the Military Economic Directorate, the departments of food, clothing and transport supplies were created, also subordinate to the People's Commissar of Defense. The management of logistics, medical and other types of support was concentrated in the combined arms headquarters. The chiefs of staff of the front, army and division had full-time deputies for the rear, in the regiment - an assistant for the rear. In 1939, the Office of the Chief of Supply of the Red Army was established. In 1940, it was transformed into the Main Quartermaster Directorate as part of the departments of food, clothing, transport and household supplies and housing allowances.

The Main Directorate of the Logistics, the Main Quartermaster Directorate, the Fuel Supply Directorate, the sanitary and veterinary directorates were also subordinate. The position of chief of logistics was also introduced in fronts and armies.

As part of the structural transformations carried out in the army and navy, since 2010, measures have been taken to create a unified structure for the logistics of the Armed Forces (MTO of the Armed Forces) - the unification of the rear of the Armed Forces and armaments.

At the current stage of the development of the Armed Forces, the structure of the central apparatus of the MTO includes: the logistics headquarters of the RF Armed Forces; Department of transport support of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; department of operational maintenance and provision of public services for military units and organizations of the RF Ministry of Defense; Food Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Main Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Main Rocket and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; the main department of the head of the railway troops; metrology department of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

(Additional

Logistics Day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is celebrated annually on August 1. This is a professional holiday for all servicemen and civilian personnel related to units and units of the rear of the RF Armed Forces. It was first established by order of the Minister of Defense of Russia No. 255 dated May 7, 1998. The choice of this particular holiday date is not accidental, it has a historical justification.

One of the first decrees issued by Peter I during the formation of the first Russian regular army was the order of August 1, 1700 on the establishment of the Provisional Order, the progenitor of the modern rear service. This supply body was in charge of the supply of bread, grain fodder and cereals for the army, and carried out a centralized food supply for the troops. On the same day, on the basis of the royal decree, a “Special Order” was established, which later received the name of the Military (sometimes it was also called the Commissariat). He was entrusted with the supply of Russian regiments with equipment, uniforms and salaries (cash allowance for the army), as well as horses and baggage.

Already in 1711, by decree of Peter I, all supply agencies became part of the active Russian army. In her field administration, a commissariat was formed, which was in charge of all types of supplies, including food and fodder. In the divisions, the organization of supply was entrusted to the Chief Provision Masters and Chief Commissars, and in the regiments to the Provision Masters and Commissars, respectively. At the same time, the Russian regiments acquired their own military facilities.

The structure of government bodies that developed in the first quarter of the 18th century and the experience gained during the Northern War in supplying the army in 1716 were enshrined in the military regulations. Responsibility for providing troops was entrusted to the commander of the army (general field marshal), and the direct management of its supply - to the general kriegs commissar. His duties included, in particular, the supply of army units with clothing, money, provisions, horses and weapons. Medical support for military personnel was carried out: in the army - a doctor under the highest generals, in divisions - a doctor and a staff doctor, in regiments - a doctor, and in a company - a barber (paramedic).

The first leaders of the rear of the Russian army were the military and statesman Sergei Yazykov, Field Marshal Stepan Apraksin, quartermaster general Andrey Abakumov and others. Over the centuries that have passed since then, formations, units and institutions of the rear have gone through a rather difficult path in their development. At the same time, the rear service was repeatedly reorganized, and its status changed. This state of affairs continued in the days of the USSR, right up to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In the conditions of war, the lack of a unified leadership of all rear services led to disunity and, as a result, inconsistency in actions. The rear structure that existed at that time in the Soviet Union did not meet the requirements of the war. At this very important moment for the whole country, on the initiative of Lieutenant General (later General of the Army) Andrey Khrulev, a centralized rear system was formed.

And here again the date comes to the fore - August 1. On August 1, 1941, Supreme Commander-in-Chief Joseph Stalin signs the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR "On the organization of the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army ..." It combined the headquarters of the chief of logistics, as well as the road department, the department of military communications (VOSO) and the inspection of the chief of logistics of the Red Army . In addition, the post of head of the rear of the Red Army was introduced. In addition to the Main Logistics Directorate of the spacecraft, the Chief of Logistics was also subordinate to the Fuel Supply Directorate, the Main Quartermaster Directorate, as well as the sanitary and veterinary directorates. Lieutenant-General Andrey Khrulev was appointed head of the rear of the spacecraft.

After the Great Patriotic War, with the development of the country's economy, as well as changes in the organizational structure and technical equipment of the armed forces, the development of military science and technology, there was a further improvement of the rear troops. With the formation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in May 1992, their rear was also formed; the corresponding bodies and infrastructure elements of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union became the base for it. In February 2008, in the course of the military reform in Russia, processes of transformation began in the rear structure. In particular, a unified system of material and technical support (MTO) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was formed.

The Logistics Support System is a vertically built management structure, which is ranked from the central apparatus to the military level. Ultimately, under a single leadership, structures were united that are designed to provide the armed forces with all types of materiel, as well as organize the operation, repair and maintenance of weapons and military equipment, carry out transportation in the interests of the armed forces by all modes of transport and maintenance of facilities and transport communications.

The sphere of activity of the MTO services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also includes veterinary and sanitary control of food, fire protection at the facilities of the Russian Ministry of Defense and measures to protect the environment. At the present stage of the development of the armed forces, the structure of the central apparatus of the MTO included: the Department of Planning and Coordination of Logistics; transport support department; department of resource support; department of operational maintenance and provision of public services for military units and organizations; Main Rocket and Artillery Directorate, Main Armored Directorate; Main Directorate of the Chief of the Railway Troops; Department of Metrology of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

On July 29, 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree “On the 300th Anniversary of the Logistics of the Armed Forces, the text of which noted the following: “Given the importance of the logistic support of the army and navy, and also noting the merits to the country of veterans and personnel of the Logistics of the Armed Forces and in connection with its 300th anniversary, I decide: To establish a memorable day - the 300th anniversary of the Logistics of the Armed Forces and celebrate it on August 1, 2000. The modern rear service is a structure with a history dating back more than three centuries.

As they like to say in the rear troops, there is no victory without a rear. Any military person, whether he is a sailor, a rocket scientist, a tanker or an infantryman, is ready to subscribe to this phrase. The state of the foundation on which any army, including the Russian one, rests today depends on the quality work of the logistics units.

Heating buildings and fire safety, food control and provision of uniforms, maintenance of the vehicle fleet and storage of ammunition - these are just some of the diverse tasks that logistics units perform today. In Russia, more than 100,000 tons of ammunition are spent every year on combat training of the army alone, at least 700,000 tons of food are spent on feeding the personnel of the RF Armed Forces. All this is the responsibility of the rear services. It is worth noting that they get up before everyone else, and the end for them can sound only when the whole part is already asleep. The material and technical supply structure formed in Russia is one of the most important elements of the country's Armed Forces, which is entrusted with ensuring the daily life of the army and navy in peacetime and wartime.