A long nose is a pronounced individuality, great creative possibilities, often conservatism, arrogance and pride. Difficult but effective frontoplasty: everything you need to know before and after the intervention

Aesthetic surgery makes it possible to correct all parts of the face, including the forehead. This operation is called frontoplasty. With its help, the forehead can be made higher or narrower, remove age-related changes, soften the overall facial expression.

Read in this article

Indications for frontoplasty

Forehead correction surgery is done with a number of disadvantages:

asymmetry of its sections;
excessive size that violates the general proportions of the face;
small size;
too protruding forehead, overhanging superciliary arches;
wrinkles;
defects acquired due to injuries (bumps and dents).

Frontoplasty is done for men and women. It is also shown in combination with other interventions carried out during a sex change. The operation is performed for aesthetic reasons, if the patient’s own appearance does not suit the patient, it provokes the development of complexes.

Contraindications for Forehead Reduction or Augmentation Surgery

Some patients, despite the presence of forehead defects, the operation is not performed. Reasons for rejection may include:

inflammatory process that develops in the tissues of the corrected area;
oncological disease;
pathologies in which blood clotting is impaired;
severe form of diabetes;
any infection;
exacerbation of a chronic disease;
inflammation or infection in the frontal or nasal sinuses;
age up to 18 years;
predisposition to the formation of keloid scars.

Preparing to correct the shape of the forehead and brow ridges

Before undergoing surgery, the patient must go through a preliminary stage. An examination is necessary to confirm the absence of contraindications, as well as to reveal the structural features of the bones of the forehead, the size of the sinuses. It includes:

Then the patient is waiting for a consultation with the surgeon, during which the nature of the necessary changes is determined to obtain the desired result. A conversation with an anesthesiologist is also necessary, since general anesthesia is used during the operation. You should tell your doctor about all the medications you take and any allergic reactions that have occurred.

At the preparation stage, that is, 2 weeks before the operation, you should not drink alcohol, drink blood-thinning drugs, it is advisable to stop smoking.

Frontoplasty of the forehead and brow ridges

The nature of the changes that the intervention provides relates to the size of the forehead and the location of the superciliary ridges. They can be combined, or only one defect is corrected during frontoplasty. The operation lasts from 2 to 3.5 hours, the duration is determined by the scale of the necessary changes.

How does the forehead increase or decrease

Correction of the size of an area that is not aesthetically pleasing is carried out according to a similar scheme:

First, the doctor makes markings on the skin with a marker. This is necessary for the accuracy of cuts and improvements in different areas.

The patient is given anesthesia. Then you need to wait until it works.
With a scalpel, the doctor makes an incision along the hairline. Its length is from one ear to the other.
Features of the main stage depend on the existing shortcomings and the desired effect. If the forehead needs to be reduced, bone bridges are removed and the surface of the bones in the area of the frontal tubercles is resurfaced. For the last step, special cutters are used. At the end of these manipulations, the scalp is moved slightly down. If necessary, make the forehead more convex, increase the size, install the implant.

You can also add volume by transplanting your own tissues, for example, fat. The same techniques apply for asymmetry. Both frontal lobes are corrected by grinding the bone or adding volume with an implant.

After the main stages of correction, including the removal of part of the skin tissue with a reduction in the forehead, the wound is sutured. The operated area is protected with a sterile dressing.

For information on how frontoplasty is performed, see this video:

How is the correction of the superciliary arches performed?

If in general the height of the forehead suits, but in the area of the eyebrows it sticks out too much or, on the contrary, looks too smooth, this drawback can also be corrected. The operation includes several stages:

To make the forehead more feminine, the latter are removed. The edges of the bone in the area of the superciliary arches are polished with a medical cutter. If it is necessary to increase this area, implants are placed. The edges of the superciliary tubercles are not subject to other changes.

Movement of bone fragments. They are put in a new position, at a different angle, controlling the nerve connections, fixed with medical glue or titanium plates. Sometimes, in conclusion, excess skin tissue is excised, which appeared due to a decrease in bone volume. The operation ends with suturing and dressing.

Result before and after frontoplasty

The effect of intervention in reducing the forehead, giving it more femininity, consists of several favorable changes:

the corrected part of the face looks more proportional, loses asymmetry;
there are no bumps, bumps, giving the appearance of masculinity;
the superciliary arches are smoothed out, and the eyebrows themselves move slightly upwards, making the look more open;
the skin loses age folds, looks younger;
the hairline moves down, which makes it possible to wear any hairstyle, including opening the forehead;
bald patches are eliminated.

If the forehead was too narrow, after correcting the height, the result is:

greater expressiveness of this part of the face, usually by giving a clear shape (rounded in women, slightly square in men);
moving the hairline up;
increase in the bulge of the forehead;
elimination of the asymmetry of its sections;
smoothing wrinkles due to the presence of the implant.

A special effect is the increase in the superciliary arches. At the same time, the eyes look deeper set, the look is tougher, which gives the appearance of masculinity.

Recovery period after frontoplasty

Since the intervention involves the use of general anesthesia, the patient will have to stay in the hospital for at least a day after it. Rehabilitation is characterized by the following features:

at first there is swelling, which gradually moves from the forehead to the lower parts of the face;
there are hematomas, which are the result of trauma to the vessels;
for several days worried about pain in the forehead, heaviness in the eye area;
3 - 4 days you can not wash your hair and comb your hair, then all these manipulations must be done with great care;
to get rid of discomfort, prevent infectious complications, painkillers and antibiotics are prescribed;
seams need to be treated with antiseptics 2 times a day;
remove them after 10 - 12 days in the doctor's office;
swelling and bruising disappear after 2-3 weeks;
in order for these signs to disappear faster, it is necessary to sleep on a high pillow, without turning over on your stomach or side;
it is not necessary to stay in one position for a long time during the rehabilitation period, you need to move, give the body a small load;
serious sports will have to be postponed for a month;
all this time you can’t also go to the bathhouse, and prefer a warm shower to a hot bath;
in order to avoid the formation of blood clots and for the speedy regeneration of damaged tissues, you should drink plenty of water;

during this time, the skin on the forehead will be less sensitive than before the operation.

The initial effect of frontoplasty will appear after 4 weeks. The whole period is better to stay at home, doing only recovery and avoiding stress. You can evaluate the final result after 3 months. At this time, internal tissues will heal, scars will smooth out.

If you do not follow the rules of rehabilitation, the recovery period may be complicated by the emergence of new problems:

bleeding;
severe pain;
wound infection;
the formation of blood clots;
forehead numbness;
disruption of the muscles of the operated area;
the appearance of noticeable scars;
skin hyperpigmentation;
hair loss in the seam area;
tissue necrosis;
asymmetry in the forehead and eyebrows;
dissatisfaction with the result of the operation.

Complications can also arise for reasons beyond the control of the patient. The culprits are the errors of the doctor or previously unidentified features of the body.

The cost of frontoplasty to correct the shape of the forehead and brow ridges

Forehead correction intervention is a technically complex manipulation that requires high qualification and sufficient experience from a plastic surgeon, as well as the availability of special equipment. Therefore, its cost is high. The use of implants increases the price, especially when they have to be made individually. If frontoplasty is done in Russia, it will cost at least 100,000 rubles.

Surgical correction of the forehead is not performed for health reasons. If it is possible to improve this part of the face with makeup, hairstyles, it may be worth refusing the operation. But in the absence of another way out, you need to do it, making sure of the qualifications of the surgeon and following the recommendations.

Still scratching your head trying to figure out what character your man has? Surely you have heard that the owners of thin lips are reserved and reserved natures, and a long nose is a sign of a virtuoso lover. Having mastered the skill of physiognomy, you can read it like an open book.

On this topic

Today, the editors of the site share secrets about what features in appearance say about personality type, emotions and thoughts.

Analyze in order: body type, head shape, proportions of the upper, middle and lower thirds of the face, forehead, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth. Take a closer look at gestures, facial expressions, features of the look, gait and manner of communication. Start studying a person from top to bottom, advises psychologist and leading sex trainer in Moscow Ekaterina Fedorova.

face shape

A round face is characteristic of men with a good heart. Their obvious advantages are non-conflict, ambition and good adaptability.

A square face is a sign of a stubborn, straightforward, persistent, quick-tempered and determined man. Many of them strive for dominance and like to be leaders, thanks to which they often succeed in business. Of the minuses: they confuse frankness with tactlessness.

An oblong face speaks of hypersensitivity: the longer, the more sensitive in relation to oneself. Their ranks include intellectuals from whom one should not expect heroism and courageous deeds.

The triangular shape (high forehead and small chin) gives out cunning, quarrelsome, unfaithful, but talented people with excellent intuition.

Trapezoidal face - deeply intelligent, friendly and artistic people who are not used to fighting and proving their case.

A convex forehead is a sign of authority and intelligence, a high forehead is a sign of active mental activity and high morality.

People with a straight square forehead strive for justice, strictly observe ethical standards and judge actions based on an understanding of morality and ethics.

The shape of the lying rectangle is the forehead of practitioners and workaholics. They do not learn theory well and like to act more than plan.

An uneven hairline on the forehead is often found in individuals full of doubt and indecision.

Go down below - to the eyebrows. Eyebrows are an indicator of health, vitality and relationships with others.

Pronounced brow ridges are characteristic of men who are focused on personal problems and tend to impose their opinions on others.

Massive, shaggy eyebrows, on the one hand, speak of enterprise and masculinity, on the other hand, of a tendency to dominance and cruelty.

Eyebrows, located high from the eyes, physiognomy considers a sign of openness, sociability and generosity.

Eyebrows, which are noticeably longer than the eyes, are a symbol of flexible intelligence, the ability to quickly assimilate information. Such individuals are resourceful and versatile.

Thin and sparse eyebrows indicate an aggressive, assertive manner of communication.

Eyebrows with a house are a feature of eccentric and inventive men who do not take into account other people's opinions and love to reinvent the wheel.

Thick eyebrows can be identified with an active lifestyle and an open disposition. And don't let the unibrow scare you: fused eyebrows are a sign of a strong character!

Eyes - the level of vitality and openness to communication. Does your man often hide his gaze and avoid eye contact? He subconsciously closes himself from the interlocutor.

Big eyes speak of the breadth of the soul, artistry, courage and the desire for leadership. And vice versa: the smaller the eyes, the more stubbornness, cunning and conflict.

Widely spaced eyes are characteristic of the passive, slow and indecisive. Such men hesitate for a long time and wait for the situation to resolve itself, so you should not expect a marriage proposal from them a month (or even a year) after they met.

Men with close-set eyes are very demanding. For them, order is everything. With such a life partner, everything should be sorted out - in the house, at work and in the head. By deep-set eyes, one can distinguish envious, suspicious, incredulous and cunning people.

Eyes with lowered corners speak of restraint and attentiveness. It is difficult for such people to realize themselves in creative professions, it is easier for them to work associated with over-concentration, exact numbers and complex calculations.

Notice wrinkles near the inner corners of your eyes? Physiognomy associates this sign with insight - next to you is a subtle psychologist who thinks a lot and analyzes relationships.

Massive lines are a sign of a strong character, activity, energy and will. The upper part is correlated with spontaneity, the lower - with reasonableness.

A strongly pronounced top betrays those who are subject to mood. For example, men with an aquiline nose sometimes cannot contain impulses of frantic energy and bully everyone who gets in their way.

Their antipodes are gentlemen with a neat nose: they are calm and insightful.

A large, fleshy nose is found in highly active, purposeful people with great willpower.

A small nose is a symbol of weak energy and low adaptability.

A long nose is a pronounced individuality, great creative possibilities, often conservatism, arrogance and pride.

Owners of a cute upturned nose are naive, careless, inquisitive, but sometimes too presumptuous.

Men with narrow lips are quick to make and implement decisions. Their forte is purposefulness.

Thick, plump lips are a sign of a methodical mind and goodwill. Such people do not make decisions without first feeling the situation.

A thin line of lips is characteristic of scrupulous men who are now and then attached to trifles. Smooth, symmetrical lips speak of prudence, prudence, self-control.

Downturned corners of the mouth can be a sign of painful pessimism, sensitivity and psycho-emotional instability.

By the way, not only with the help of physiognomy you can crack the character, true emotions and feelings of people. For example, remember the series Lie to Me, where Dr. Lightman claims that the average person lies three times in ten minutes of conversation. And to prove it, he only needs a couple of minutes to communicate with a person. Any movement, gesture, any careless word can betray a liar. You just need to be able to see it.

In a detailed analysis of the human face, three completely different areas can be distinguished from each other, correlated, in turn, with three different aspects of the personality: top part, or the department to which the forehead corresponds, middle part, or the department to which the eyes and nose belong, Bottom part, or department that includes the mouth and chin.

When "reading" each of these parts separately, as well as their entire complex as a whole, you can get a large amount of information about a particular person. Of course, the ideal would be a harmonious relationship between the three departments, in which none of the parts would dominate over the others. This would serve as an indication of the instinctive-emotional-intellectual balance of the personality, which, of course, is preferable everywhere and always. However, this ideal situation is rare. Usually one of the facial sections dominates the rest. In itself, this is also not a disadvantage; in fact, the development or dominance of any of these departments means that this particular psychological property is especially emphasized in the character of the individual, and if one of the sections is only slightly distinguished from the other two, then in the daily life of a person this fact may even appear as a positive one.

In general, the following is certain: the only thing that can have a really negative effect on the character and life of a person is the fact that one of these parts will turn out to be too small in comparison with the rest, since this is a sign that the personality aspect corresponding to it in this individual not naturally developed. In such cases, people who are interested in their own self-improvement must make some additional effort to compensate for this lack of their personality. For example, a person with a square face, the central part of which is overdeveloped, while the forehead is too narrow, should pay special attention to the thinking aspect in his life, since personality defects can manifest themselves mainly in this area.

Intellectual aspect: forehead

Broad forehead, occupying about a third of the face, is a sign of good memory, intelligence and ambition of the individual. In this case, we are talking about people with a clear life goal and great abilities for analytical thinking, as well as with a craving for acquiring new knowledge and skills. It is not surprising that people whose forehead corresponds to these characteristics will have the qualities of a leader, since they are not only endowed with the talent to correctly interpret the facts of the surrounding reality, but also know how to relate them both to the aspirations of others and to their own aspirations. Great analytical skills and a gift for grasping new things, the ability to manage one's own feelings and emotions - all this can manifest itself on the positive side in any professional field.

low forehead, occupying a small space relative to the rest of the face, as well as the growth of hair very close to the eyebrows - all these are considered signs of a person who is not inclined to theoretical reflection. It is said of such people that they can only be convinced by facts. Sometimes we can talk here about pragmatic people who prefer not to spread "thinking along the tree", but to go ahead to their goal. However, they are simultaneously able to radiate personal charm in communicating with other people, although sometimes too practical nature makes them manifest themselves as selfish and selfish.

Emotions and feelings

On that part of the face, which is located between the forehead and the mouth, the emotions and feelings of a person are reflected. If, on the whole, it is the zone of the body in which the expressive possibilities of a person are most clearly concentrated, then this particular facial region, correlated with emotions and feelings, has the greatest potential for broadcasting any type of messages. The combinations of mimic gestures that can be carried out with the help of eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks and cheekbones are of infinite variety and richness, as is the number of shades of emotions, feelings or states of mind that can be conveyed with their help. Life constantly models a person's personality, adding new ones to hereditary factors - those that are introduced with a person's experience, his achievements, failures, joys and sorrows, as well as with his conscious work on himself.

So, about a person who has reached adulthood, they say that he has the face that he deserves, or rather, the one that he was able to “sculpt” for himself. Laughter, joy, sadness, anxiety, loneliness, anxiety, pleasure - each of these states leaves its mark on the structure of the facial muscles, giving over the years a new shape to the face, his cheeks and cheekbones, until eventually these "hardened" features begin to dominate over hereditary.

Eyes and eyebrows

Eyes - this is the most expressive of the resources of non-verbal communication available to a person. Without uttering a single word, one look can express a lot - from "I love you" to "I need help."

The size of the eyes can already immediately give certain information about a person. In general, it is argued that among the owners big eyes most often there are passionate, disinterested, independent rebels, while people with small eyes rather prudent and prefer to weigh the circumstances well before deciding on any option.

Man with bulging eyes shows excessive interest in the outside world, while a person with deep-set eyes more inclined to show interest in the inner world of the interlocutor. Widely spaced eyes convey the detachment and coldness of their owner, and closely set suggest both his somewhat timidity and his tendency to fix attention on details.

Visual contact is one of the most subtle forms of communication that can be established between two people. It can be seen as a more effective means of expressing and exchanging feelings than verbal contact, since making visual contact with a person is almost the same as touching him with your hand. For example, when the eyes of a man and a woman meet, ecstatic excitement may arise to such an extent that its currents seem to run through the whole body. At the same time, the eyes are wide open, an invitation is read in them, and the look has a clear erotic connotation.

It is believed that if you look closely, you can see something in the eyes of a person. This is the main reason why some people try to avoid eye contact: for one reason or another, they do not look at the interlocutor, as they fear that their eyes may open some kind of veil and betray their secret to another person. People who are nervous, timid, or those who have something to hide tend to shy away from making such contact and try to get away from a direct look. However, many try to lower their eyes if the situation forces them to express something uncomfortable or unpleasant for the interlocutor.

No one focuses their eyes on another person all the time, the gaze usually flickers from object to object. In general, we can say that people are divided into two categories: watching and listening.

Studies conducted by experts have shown: if someone has gaze is often directed upwards, this means that a person is engaged in the visualization of a certain frame from the past, that is, as if reproducing it in his brain. This person is just one of those who are watching. On the contrary, people usually looking away, play something sound in memory, so they belong to the category of those who listen. A person's gaze fixed in the same direction for a significant amount of time, suggests that this person thinks in visual images and that he may have a rich imagination. Such people tend to focus on the packaging of the gift, the appearance of the interlocutor, the clothes in which he is dressed, the details of his appearance and other details. Without a doubt, and in everything that concerns himself, the visualizer shows exactly the same scrupulous attention to detail. If a person, on the contrary, has a habit stare at the interlocutor, then he concentrates on information perceived with the help of the ears rather than the eyes; this type of personality has an excellent memory for conversations, sounds or songs. It is likely that he will also have a good sense of rhythm and show more interest in what the interlocutor says than in how he looks.

Most people are convinced of the undoubted significance of the look, and knowing this, they may try to control the expression of their eyes. Therefore, in order to understand the true feelings or emotions of the interlocutor, it is necessary in a conversation with him to observe directly the pupils of his eyes.
Pupils dilate or constrict depending on the circumstances, and this happens completely involuntarily. Pupil reactions belong to the sphere of the autonomic nervous system, so a person is not able to consciously control his pupils.

In general terms, it can be argued that pupil increases in response to favorable stimuli and narrows in response to negative or not entirely pleasant information. Therefore, the pupils of lovers dilate when they look into each other's eyes. The same thing happens to every person if he receives visual stimuli that are favorable for him, such as, for example, contemplation of a beautiful sunset or the sight of appetizing food. It has been proven that when pupils dilate, there is an increase in the size of the peripheral visual field that surrounds an object that is directly in the focus of our gaze. This fact could be explained by the fact that the eyes want to see as much as possible of what looks especially pleasant or attractive to them. There is documented evidence of some women in past centuries using belladonna to dilate their pupils.

One of the ones that betrays a person with a head when, looking at something unpleasant, he brings his hand or one of his fingers to his eyes. In children, this gesture is extremely evident.

Brows in people with different oval faces give a certain originality of personality. Everything matters here - the density of the eyebrows, their length, location, line pattern. Every detail gives the face individuality. From these details, you can determine whether a person is friendly or more introspective. In any case, eyebrows are an important component of body language. With the help of eyebrows, you can convey the most significant gestures.

Eyebrows raised up, are a very common facial gesture. This is often done consciously, with a certain specific intention, and sometimes involuntarily. The difference between voluntary and involuntary gestures is quite obvious. For a casual observer, the unconsciousness of the gesture is much less obvious than its intentionality. In most cases, this gesture means surprise or disapproval. The more emotion is invested in this gesture, the more expressive the resulting facial expression is, and the more wrinkles eventually appear on the forehead.

Some people only have the ability to lift one eyebrow. This gesture has a rather strange effect on the observer and can be used to convey emotions such as interest, surprise or disapproval.

Very often a person expressively raises eyebrows for just a moment. This is a friendly signal that occurs spontaneously when eye contact is made with an acquaintance or with a person with whom one would very much like to get to know. Usually this gesture is accompanied by a smile and is some kind of greeting or invitation to communicate.

Eyebrows go down. In most cases, this gesture means almost the same thing as furrowing your eyebrows. It can also be conscious or instinctive, and the difference is only in the degree of emphasis of the gesture. Lowered eyebrows are mainly a sign of anger or disapproval, although in some cases they express a state of deep thought. If a person is angry or does not agree with something, then he, as a rule, lowers his eyebrows. This gesture is conscious and volitional, it is usually accompanied by a characteristic verbal expression, which clearly demonstrates the corresponding state of a person. However, if this is a sign of deep thought, then in most cases the person demonstrating this gesture does not realize this.

Surgery to give the face more femininity. The face is an important element of appearance, so patients who have undergone sex reassignment surgery strive to look as feminine as possible. Plastic surgery of this kind helps to avoid many psychological traumas and problems, they help a person to adapt in society.

Differences in female and male facial types

It is known that the skeletal structure of a woman and a man differs in size and shape. This applies to the structure of the head, body and limbs. The cranial bones that form the face differ in length, thickness and size, so in men the temporal arches, jaw bones and bones in the cheekbones are much more pronounced than in women.

The differences between the face of a man and a woman are especially noticeable in its upper part. For example, a woman's forehead is more sloping, and her brow ridges are smaller than those of men. Female eyebrows are located higher, they are slightly raised and peculiarly curved.

Specialists in the field of aesthetic plastic surgery distinguish such differences in the face of women and men:

The superciliary arches of men hang over the eyes, due to which the forehead seems heavy.

If you draw a line from the point of hair growth to the superciliary arches, then in men it will be much flatter in shape than in women.

The distance from the hairline to the superciliary arches is greater in men than in women.

Superciliary arches and bumps on the forehead

The facial cranial part consists of a pair of zygomatic and maxillary bones, as well as the bones of the lower jaw. A considerable area is occupied by the forehead bone, especially its most powerful part. On both sides on this part there are protrusions, or bumps on the forehead, under which the eyebrows are located. Under the eyebrows, the bone ends with the orbital edges, between the eyebrows there is a depression above the bridge of the nose.

In general, the eyebrows and bumps on the forehead in men stand out more clearly than in women. This is due to the greater production of testosterone in the male body during puberty. The size of the selection of the eyebrows also depends on the breadth of the airways of the forehead.

To give the appearance of more femininity to people who have changed their sex, an operation is required to change the parameters of the bumps on the forehead and eyebrows. The bumps are ground off with the help of special medical cutters. This significantly changes the appearance of the eyebrows and forehead, lifting the eyebrows and opening the eyes, thereby softening the facial features and becoming feminine.

Sometimes just changing the parameters of the eyebrows and forehead is enough to make the face feminine enough.

Frontal shape correction

The operation to change the shape of the forehead, correct the bumps on the forehead and superciliary arches is called frontoplasty. It is performed in two ways. First option- reduction of the frontal bone by grinding it and moving it forward. Second option– augmentation of depressions with the help of implants. Basically, when changing sex, the first version of the operation is used.

In some situations, eyebrow contouring is performed through an incision in the eyelid area, which makes it possible to combine eyebrow changes with blepharoplasty. This is suitable for patients with a not very protruding forehead and not very pronounced eyebrows.

The shift of the bone back is carried out without affecting the area inside the skull.

The posterior and anterior walls of the frontal sinus are composed of bone, but a thick inner wall separates the sinus from the cranial cavity. The natural purpose of the frontal sinus is to moisten and warm the air at the moment of inhalation, relieve the skull and resonate speech sounds.

Air cavities are found in many human bones, which facilitates the skeletal system and reduces the load on the spine. The skeleton of men is more powerful and heavier than that of women, therefore the volume of the air sinuses of the bones of men is greater than that of women.

Frontoplasty is able to change the forehead, superciliary arches and bumps on the forehead by 3-7 millimeters.

Surgery with coronary access

The operation is performed using a coronal approach. The surgeon makes an incision in the scalp from the right to the left auricle. Next, the doctor peels off the soft tissues with fascia in order to expose the bones of the forehead. Next, an operative osteotomy of the sinus and installation of implants is performed. At the end of the operation, the transfer fragment is fixed with special glue or plates on micro-screws.

Stages of frontoplasty

To access the forehead bone, a longitudinal incision is made in the form of a zigzag in the area of hair growth.

The skin flap and periosteum are lifted to access the bones and sinuses of the forehead. The edges of the flap are limited by medical clips to prevent blood loss.

The frontal sinus is opened, the surgeon is able to see the mucous membrane and bone bridges. The bony edges must be smoothed, and the bridges must be removed.

The protrusions of the frontal bone are aligned with medical cutters. If necessary, the supraorbital nerve is released from the bone canal.

The bone fragment is placed in a new position, the nerve connections are checked. They are fixed with special glue.

The tissue flap is returned to its place, but it must be pulled a little stronger than before the intervention. Due to a decrease in the frontal volume, the excess part of the tissues is excised, and sutures are applied to the wound surface.

Before and after frontoplasty

Care after surgery

The operation to change the bumps on the forehead, forehead and eyebrows lasts from 2 to 4 hours, it depends on the degree of complexity of the operation.

After frontoplasty, there is swelling on the face for 1.5-2 weeks. Hematomas may appear, which disappear on their own in a week.

To quickly relieve swelling and bruising, rest on high pillows is necessary to avoid a rush of blood to the head.

In the first two days, you can not wet your head. On the third day, you can gently rinse your hair, but be careful not to injure the seams. Shampoo use for children

If headaches bother you, you can use painkillers as directed by your doctor. In addition, the doctor prescribes antibiotics.

The stitches are removed after 10-12 days. Gently use the comb and wash your hair as gently as possible. Even if there is itching in the area of the scars, they should not be scratched.

Possible Complications

Soreness

Bleeding

Scar swelling

Skin redness

Edema and hematomas

wound infection

To avoid thrombosis, it is necessary to drink as much water without gas as possible and move. Do not sit or lie down for a long time, take regular walks or practice healthy walking.

Special Complications

Violation of muscle activity and numbness of the area of operation. It passes as the wound heals, or indicates that the doctor has touched the nerve.

Psychological problems. A course of psychotherapy, rest and massage may be required if it is difficult for the patient to recognize himself in the mirror.

Disappointment after surgery. Immediately after the operation, you will not be able to enjoy your beautiful appearance, as the tissues need to recover. Don't rush things.

The appearance of rough scars and scars at the site of the sutures. It happens due to the individual characteristics of the patient's body. Surgical correction may be required.

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Remember the famous: "Once upon a time there was a pop - oatmeal forehead"? What is a stubborn person usually called? That's right, "stubborn forehead." "Copper forehead" is a person who is not surprised at anything, reckless, courageous and never embarrassed. Pointing at a stupid or dull person, we knock ourselves on the forehead. This is no coincidence. According to physiognomy, the general appearance of the forehead gives an idea of the moral qualities of a person and his character. By the height, convexity and shape of the forehead, one can conclude about the fundamental qualities of a person, that is, those that are a direct reflection of his character.

The forehead is located in the area of the face, which is responsible for the period of life from birth to 30 years. Pay attention to the presence of congenital signs on it - spots, bulges, etc. Depending on the area of \u200b\u200blocation (the right side is favorable for men, the left side is unfavorable, for women - vice versa), you can find out how happy a person’s childhood was or what, perhaps , he expects in his youth. The shape of the forehead can also tell a lot. First of all, pay attention to its height and width. For example, a high and wide forehead speaks of a person's intellectual merits, but at the same time it also implies excessive stubbornness, which can damage a career. On the contrary, a wide but low forehead indicates a person who is rude, cruel, but a wonderful performer who will not think about the meaning of the assignment, but will try to fulfill it as best as possible. A narrow and high forehead often betrays talented people, but slender and weak-willed, and a narrow, and even low forehead indicates a person’s limitations, his criminal inclinations and cowardice. Of course, it is impossible to characterize a person only by the parameters of the forehead - all the signs must be considered in combination, but by analyzing the shape of the forehead, you can quite accurately determine some character traits.

Note

British scientists conducted a series of studies and came to the conclusion that the shape and size of the forehead are determined by nationality and race. So, scientists have found that the narrowest foreheads of white people belong to the population of the Mediterranean region, and the widest - to the inhabitants of the Alpine mountains. At the same time, representatives of the Negroid race have the most sloping foreheads, and Italians have low and square foreheads.

Mentally divide your forehead in half with a horizontal line. The upper part expresses a person's attitude towards others, the lower part expresses his self-esteem. People with a more developed lower part of the forehead (brow ridges) (Fig. 3.1) are used to relying only on their own strength, however, they are unlikely to provide support to anyone else besides themselves.

Such people are individualists, focused on personal problems, used to dominating, imposing their opinions on others (they are often born under the signs of Leo and Aries).

A person with a sloping upper forehead (Fig. 3.2) is often ambitious, not used to obeying someone.

Rice. 3.1. Forehead with a more developed lower part

Rice. 3.2. Forehead with sloping top

He exalts himself above others, seeks to conquer and dominate, and even if he fails, he will not put up with a subordinate position, but uses all his strength and means to achieve what he wants. Sometimes this forehead shape is found in people who are extremely contradictory, who, even in the absence of their own position, will always hold the opposite opinion in a dispute with other people. A relatively high convex forehead indicates the ability to absorb and remember information well, as well as susceptibility, but the absence of suspiciousness.

Note

The absence of a hollow between the right and left sides of the superciliary arches almost always characterizes a vain person. A religious, domineering personality can always be recognized by the strongly pronounced upper part of the forehead: it is convex, although the forehead itself can be of any size (Fig. 3.3).

Of great importance is also the furrow separating the upper and lower parts of the forehead. If it exists, then this speaks of the great moral and spiritual independence of a person, which obeys a high cosmic law, as well as the ability to combine one's own view with the opinions of other people. Such a person has objective views and judgments. It is bad if the middle of the forehead is fixed, large. This is the forehead of Jupiter. A person who has it often confuses good and evil, tries to teach others, to preach. If, with other not very good indicators, a too smooth forehead stands out on the face, then this also blurs the line between good and bad. One large horizontal crease running down the middle of the forehead indicates an ambitious and self-confident person who loves to be listened to and obeyed. If such a person chooses an occupation for himself that does not contradict moral and ethical principles, in the future he will turn out to be an excellent mentor, able to pass on experience to the younger generation.

In general, forehead shapes can be divided into several types. Each of them classifies a person according to certain moral qualities and strength of character. The shape of the forehead is determined along the hairline, for example, uneven (meaning that the hair on the forehead does not grow in a straight or rounded line, but along an uneven or curved one) or M-shaped (the hairline resembles the shape of the letter M).

Rice. 3.3. Forehead with convex top