Long experience. Long field experience

Pastes- These are suspension ointments containing powdered medicinal substances in an amount of more than 25%, characterized by a denser and thicker consistency than conventional suspension ointments. At the temperature of the human body, the pastes do not melt, but only soften, so they can stay on the skin for a long time. Since the pastes are highly viscous and difficult to spread, they are most often applied by applying to gauze, which is applied to the affected areas of the skin. These dosage forms are used in the treatment of various skin diseases, as well as in dental practice. To ensure high dispersion and uniformity of mixing of active ingredients in the manufacture of pastes, the components (there are usually several of them in the composition of pastes) are placed in a warm mortar and ground into a fine powder. After that, the grinding of the powders is continued with a part of the molten base (about half of the mass of the solid phase), and then the rest of the molten base is added. Grinding and mixing must be carried out until the ointment is completely cooled, since during cooling the viscosity increases sharply and the possibility of settling and sticking of particles of the solid phase decreases.

Dermatological pastes

They are healing and protective. Dermatological pastes are prepared according to the rules for the manufacture of suspension ointments containing a solid phase in an amount of more than 5%, i.e. by mixing powdered medicinal substances with a molten base. At the same time, the addition of liquids for rubbing medicinal substances is avoided, which is fraught with softening of the paste. If a paste is prescribed without specifying the base, it is prepared on the basis of zinc paste. If the solid medicinal substances included in the prescription of the paste are insoluble, they are ground into a fine powder, mixed in a heated mortar and the melted base is gradually added. With a very large amount of powders included in the paste, scattering of the mixture can be observed due to the fact that the fat ceases to be a continuous phase and turns into small particles that adhere to the powder particles.

Rp.: Acidi salicylici subtilissimi 2.0

Zinci oxydi 25.0

Vaselini flavi 48.0

D.S. Salicylic-zinc paste.

To prepare a paste, salicylic acid and zinc oxide, ground into the smallest powder, are thoroughly mixed in a heated porcelain mortar with a small amount of melted petroleum jelly. Then starch and the rest of the slightly warmed vaseline are mixed into the mass. The mass is thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Prepare for vacation.

Dental pastes It is a mixture of powdered substances to which liquid is added to form a paste. Toothpaste is a hygienic oral care product. They are a kind of suspension ointments. They contain mainly (as well as tooth powders) calcium carbonate, often with an admixture of magnesium carbonate basic and aqueous glycerogel (tragacanth, agar-agar, etc.). To improve the smell and taste, peppermint oil, sometimes other essential oil and menthol are added to them. In the process of preparation, the powders are introduced into the paste in the thinnest form, so as not to damage the tooth enamel during use. The various powdery substances used to prepare them are glued together into a pasty mass with liquids prescribed by quantum satis (q.s.) until a finished mass is obtained. Of the liquids in the composition of dental pastes, as a rule, glycerin or clove oil are included. Liquids are added dropwise until homogeneous masses are obtained. After manufacturing, the mass is collected in a lump and packed in a glass jar (to prevent drying and scattering of the mass). Dental pastes are used in dental practice for the introduction into the cavity of diseased teeth and filling the canals. Dental pastes are prepared in small mortars or on thick glass plates using a narrow flat spatula or scalpel.

Rp.: Acidi arsenicosi anhydrici 1.0

Ol. Caryophyllorum q. s.

D.S. Arsenic paste.

To prepare a paste, carefully ground arsenic anhydrite and novocaine are mixed in a mortar or on a glass plate with clove oil, which is added 1 drop each until a thick mass is obtained. Released in a sealed form (list A).

The technological process of production consists of 8 main stages: grinding raw materials, sieving raw materials, preparing a solution of sodium lauryl sulfate, preparing toothpaste, plastic processing of toothpaste, preparing tubes, packing toothpaste into tubes and packing tubes into boxes and packs.

After analyzing the stages of the technological process, we can conclude that the key stage that affects the quality of the product is the preparation of toothpaste, during which the plastic viscosity and aluminum hydroxide content in the paste are checked, as well as the stage of packing tubes into boxes and packs, during which the analysis is carried out according to the indicators of GOST 7083-99.

Aluminum hydroxide is weighed on a balance into a S-2 collector, crushed in a RM-3 hammer mill. On the collection, hammer mill RM-3, labels are preliminarily fixed, which indicate the name of the raw material, its quantity, date, series numbers, surname and signature of the apparatchik. Raw materials are loaded continuously with a clean dry scoop in small portions, without allowing the hammer mill to be overloaded or idle. The number of weighed and crushed raw materials, the batch number of raw materials and the date of the apparatchik notes in the operational letter and the technological journal.

Screening of raw materials. Aluminum hydroxide is sifted on a GF-4 vibrating screen using a No. 61 sieve with an opening size of 0.09 ± 0.015 mm.

Calcium glycerophosphate and sodium monofluorophosphate are weighed on a scale and loaded into a C-6 collection. Then it is sifted on a vibrating screen using a nylon mesh No. 61 with a hole size of 0.09 + 0.015 mm. The sifted raw materials are collected in collections, on which labels are fixed indicating the name of the raw material, its quantity, series, surname and signature of the apparatchik. The number of weighed and sifted raw materials, the batch number of raw materials and the date of the apparatchik notes in the operational letter and the technological journal. The sifted raw material is transferred to the stage "Obtaining toothpaste".

Preparation of sodium lauryl sulfate solution. Part of the purified water is loaded into the R-10 reactor from the meter. Waters take five times more than the weight of lauryl sulfate.

The water in the reactor is heated to a temperature of 60-70°C and manually loaded from the collection weighed on the balance of sodium lauryl sulfate. The mixture in the reactor is stirred until complete dissolution of sodium lauryl sulfate. A label is preliminarily attached to the reactor, which indicates the name of the solution, batch number, quantity, date, name and signature of the apparatchik. After dissolving sodium lauryl sulfate, the solution is cooled to a temperature

18-22°C with the start of cold water in the reactor jacket.

The amount of the resulting solution, the batch number and date, the apparatchik notes in the technological journal.

Preparing toothpaste. The most important stage in the technology is the preparation of toothpaste. At this stage, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is weighed on a balance and loaded into a collection tank. Part of the water, purified, measured by the meter, is poured into the R-16 reactor. A label is preliminarily attached to the reactor, which indicates the name of the drug, batch number, quantity, date, name and signature of the apparatchik. The reactor is loaded with glycerol from the meter. With constant stirring, a weighed amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is manually loaded into the reactor. The solution is left in the reactor to swell for one hour. After swelling, the mixture is heated to a temperature of 65-70° C. steam is introduced into the reactor jacket. The solution is stirred until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Then the reactor and the solution are cooled by running cold water into the reactor jacket. A sample is taken to determine the plastic viscosity.

The operator in the operating sheet and in the technological journal notes the date and time of manufacture, the mass of the loaded components and the results of the viscosity of the gelling agent solution.

After obtaining positive results, aluminum hydroxide is loaded into the R-16 reactor from the collector, the stirrer is turned on and stirred for 10-15 minutes until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then, with a constantly running stirrer, glycerophosphate and monofluorophosphate are loaded from calcium collectors. The mixture in the G-16 reactor is stirred for 15-20 minutes. Sorbitol, titanium dioxide and saccharin weighed on the balance are added from the collections. Stir for another 10 minutes and take a sample to determine the content of aluminum hydroxide in the paste. Upon receipt of a positive result, a sodium lauryl sulfate solution from the R-10 reactor is loaded into the R-16 reactor using compressed air. Manually add flavors from the collection, which were previously weighed on the scales in the right amount. Stir for another 10 min. If necessary (foamed product), the mass is evacuated for 15-20 minutes to remove air from the toothpaste.

From different places in the R-16 reactor, the QCD chemist takes an average sample of the prepared toothpaste for analysis. Upon receipt of positive results of the analysis, the chemist enters into the operating sheet, the mass is transferred to the next stage.

Plastic processing of toothpaste. The resulting paste with the help of compressed air from the R-16 reactor is transferred to the bunker of the PM-22 roller machines. The gap between the shafts is set at 0.08-0.12 mm. A label is fixed on the rolling machine, which indicates the name of the drug, batch number, quantity, date, name and signature of the apparatchik. The rolled toothpaste enters the bunker of the GF-23 tube filling machine.

View tubes. Before packing and packing, the incoming tubes are examined on the GF-26 table and the defective ones are selected:

Do not have a varnish coating on the inner surface;

They do not have text or the text is of poor quality;

They have visible through holes in the walls;

Have deviations in size;

polluted;

Heavily deformed;

With poor quality bushes.

Slightly deformed tubes are corrected manually; low-quality bushes replace bushes taken from defective tubes.

Packaging of toothpaste in tubes. Toothpaste by gravity or under pressure enters the bunker to the mark on the inner wall of the bunker of the GF-23 machine. Then turn on the hopper mixer, adjust the dosing unit to the required mass. The supplier's tray is manually filled with empty tubes. Through a powerful nozzle tubes are filled with paste and folded. A label is preliminarily fixed on the machine, where the name of the drug, series number, quantity, date, surname and signature of the apparatchik are indicated. Filled tubes from the belt conveyor of the machine for filling tubes are fed to the machine for packing tubes into packs and boxes G F-25.

The conclusion of tubes in boxes, packs and boxes. On the machine for laying tubes GF-25, tubes are automatically packed into packs, and packs into group containers - boxes.

When concluding tubes in packs and boxes, they monitor the supply of tubes filled with toothpaste, the supply of packs and boxes. It is necessary to replenish the stack shafts in time with packs and monitor the quality of the packaging: there should be no deformed packs, the batch number and expiration date should be clearly marked and in the right place. Control over the mass of the package with toothpaste is carried out by electronic automatic scales, which are installed on the conveyor of the packing machine. Rejected packs are sent to the regeneration stage.

Boxes from boxboard with 40 packs are pasted over with Adhesive tape, on the end of which an approved sample label with the number indicated on the package is pasted.

The packaged finished products are sent to the packaging department (or quarantine warehouse) where they teach the full series and present the QCD for a complete analysis of all indicators of GOST 7983-99.

Having received positive results of the analysis, the quality control department issues an analytical passport for a series of toothpaste, and the finished product is transferred along with the analytical sheet to the finished product warehouse.

Tubes obtained in the process of filling and packaging with poor-quality folding, deformed, with a large unacceptable deviation in dosage, are subject to regeneration.

Regeneration of substandard tubes. From substandard tubes, toothpaste is manually squeezed out into the C-27 collection. Then it is returned to the R-16 reactor. A label is attached to the collection, which indicates the name of the substandard product, quantity, series number, date, surname and signature of the apparatchik.

The controller collects in a separate folder all labels from equipment and production facilities, quality certificates of incoming raw materials (analytical letters, analysis protocols, series production protocols, packaging group label with numbers of packers, analytical series passports and a sample of the finished package). All documents are stitched, certified with the seal of the Quality Control Department, and a dossier is formed from them for a series of pasta production.

Toothpaste belongs to cosmetic products, but has long become a product that a person cannot do without. Among oral hygiene products, it occupies the main place, and the variety of its types knows no bounds.

By appointment there are:

toothpaste for hypersensitivity of teeth;
therapeutic and prophylactic - pastes with antiseptic action, with homeopathic action, pastes with a mixed mechanism of action;
medicinal - contain a large number of active antiseptic substances that fight various diseases;
hygienic - pastes for daily use, without special additives;
bleaching;
"exotic" - pastes containing special components to suppress appetite, provoking an aversion to smoking, etc.

By age, pastes are distinguished for adults and for children.

There are four price segments for this product: economical (20-50 rubles), medium (50-100 rubles), premium (100-200 rubles), super premium (from 200 rubles).

The production of toothpaste is simple, and, with well-established distribution channels, the business of producing it will bring considerable benefits.

Compound

Toothpaste owes its properties and qualities to the substances that make up its composition. The main ones are:

abrasive substances.

Thanks to this component, the toothpaste cleans the oral cavity from food deposits and plaque, and also polishes the teeth, making their surface smooth and white. They occupy 20-40% of the volume of toothpaste.

The following substances are used as abrasives: calcium carbonate (ordinary chalk), aluminum hydroxide, sodium chloride (table salt), sodium bicarbonate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate monohydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, bentonites (in sodium form ), zirconium silicate, silicon dioxide, and various polymeric compounds of methyl methacrylate.

Usually, the paste is based on a combination of several types of product abrasives (chalk with aluminum hydroxide, chalk with dicalcium phosphate, chalk with silicon oxide, etc.), which, due to their different properties, improves consumer characteristics.

Binders.

They are added to the paste to maintain a uniform consistency. Occupies 1-5% of the paste. They are usually made from vegetable resins.

Foaming

Designed to form foam and remove surface tension from the paste. Facilitate the process of brushing your teeth. Mostly sodium lauryl sulfates are used. They occupy 1-2% of the composition.

Moisturizers

Improves the consistency of the paste, making it more pliable for extrusion. They also prevent moisture from evaporating. Usually sorbitol or glycerol is used.

gelling components. They give the paste viscosity and plasticity. Most often, various hydrocolloids are used, for example, carrageenate and sodium alginate.

Preservatives prevent the development of harmful microflora inside the tube (ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde, various benzoates.).

Water. Binds the components of the paste, takes 20-30%. Distilled, ionized and deionized, purified water is used.

Also, depending on the purpose, flavoring and medicinal additives, vitamins, etc. are added to the toothpaste. Substances such as triclosan, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridium chloride are used for antiseptic pastes. Hydroxyapatite is added to toothpastes for sensitive teeth.

Technology

The manufacture of toothpaste includes only two stages: mixing the components and packaging the paste into tubes. First, chemists-technologists must determine the composition of the future product and measure the required amount of raw materials. After the raw material enters a huge bunker (vacuum reactor with a homogenizer and agitator), which can mix up to five tons of raw material per minute. After mixing, the paste is carefully tested in the laboratory. Further, the finished product enters the tube-filling apparatus through pipes, where packaging and sealing take place. Closed tubes are packed in cardboard boxes and sent to the warehouse. Store the paste at a temperature of 0-25 C, away from sunlight and heating equipment.

Raw materials and equipment (prices)

For production, the following equipment should be purchased:

a vacuum reactor with a homogenizer and a stirrer (500 thousand - 1 million rubles);
tube filling machine, 150 tubes per minute (from 30-600 thousand rubles);
machine for stacking tubes into canisters 150 canisters per minute (about 300,000);
machine for group packaging of canisters into blocks with a capacity of 40 boxes per minute (about 150 thousand rubles)
container for loading liquid raw materials;
capacity for storing raw materials (from 1720 to 63000 rubles);

Equipment for the laboratory for the development of formulations and tests:

sterilizer (air - 9-15 thousand rubles, steam - 30-90 thousand rubles);
distiller (7-25 thousand rubles);
biological microscope (3-70 thousand rubles);
thermostats that maintain temperatures of 30, 37 C. (18-30 thousand rubles);
scales (200 gr.);
shaking apparatus (8 thousand);
a water bath with an electric stove to maintain a temperature of 45 C (5-10 thousand);
pH meter (6-26 thousand);
refrigerator (800-30000 rubles);
timer (500-700 rubles);
bactericidal irradiator (4 thousand);
flasks (30-300 rubles), pipettes (2-9 rubles), mortars (40-230), magnifying glass (200-1200 rubles), cups (6-30), coverslips (150-500 rubles) ;

The cost of a tube for pasta is from 5 rubles / piece.

To control the production of toothpaste, you will need to hire about 5 operators, a couple of workers and a manager. Three people are enough to work in the laboratory.

calcium carbonate (20 rub/kg);
dicalcium phosphate (20-22 rubles);
agar (650-780 rub/kg);
sodium lauryl sulfate (130 rub/kg);
carrageenate (300 rub/kg);
sodium alginate (480 rub/kg);
sorbitol (36 rubles/kg);
ethyl alcohol (60 rubles / liter);
formaldehyde (44 rubles/kg);

Thus, raw material costs per ton of paste will be about 80-100 thousand rubles, depending on the composition.

Certification

Toothpaste is one of the products that are subject to mandatory certification. To carry out this procedure, you must submit an application for receipt, the goods will be registered with Rospotrebnadzor, which will take 2-3 weeks. Documents for certification:

Application for product registration;
Certificates of assignment of TIN, OGRN;
Copies of consumer labels or their layouts;
Instructions for use and use;
Copies of documents in accordance with which the production takes place (standards, specifications, regulations, technological instructions, specifications);
Ingredient composition for each item with the percentage of components;
A copy of the lease agreement or a document on the ownership of industrial premises;
SEZ for production or notification of the start of entrepreneurial activity;
Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;
Samples in the amount of 400-500 gr.

Investments

The initial investment in the production of 200 thousand tubes per month will be about 5 million rubles. The business will pay off in 1-1.5 years.

Marketing

According to research, the demand for premium pastas has recently increased: the consumer is more likely to buy not cheap, but high-quality and expensive products. Accordingly, this information should build a company policy.

The main sales channels for any cosmetic products are pharmacies, shops, supermarkets, etc. Of course, when distributing a product, difficulties may arise due to leadership in the Russian market for sales of products of foreign companies. But you can, for starters, find your niche in contract manufacturing (manufacturing of goods by order of a company), and when the business finally “gets on its feet”, it will be easy to start producing other types of goods (creams, shampoos, etc.) .

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Toothpaste production: features and nuances

A beautiful smile, or as it is popularly called a Hollywood smile, is an indicator of health. She improves mood. Attracts those around you. Therefore, all people care about the cleanliness of their teeth and the freshness of their breath.

Six centuries ago, powders for cleaning teeth appeared. For their manufacture, sage and nettle leaves were taken. The leaves were dried, crushed, then clay was added to them. Already two centuries ago, a mixture of chalk, soda and mint was used to care for teeth.

Currently, Russian-made toothpaste is a mixture consisting of many components. It includes cleaning powders, substances that relieve inflammation (these are mainly extracts of coniferous plants), medicines, soda, which performs the function of bleaching. Fluorine compounds, etc.

There are two types of toothpaste produced in Russia: the first type turns into foam when brushing your teeth, and the second does not foam.

According to their purpose and recipe for the preparation of pasta, there are hygienic, intended for daily brushing of teeth, and therapeutic and prophylactic, containing medications and special additives.

By age, pastes are divided into family and children's. Products for children are made with the taste of caramel or berries.

What is toothpaste made of?

Pastes that have a whitening effect include abrasive components, perhydrol or active oxygen.

Fluorine is the main component of toothpaste for sensitive teeth.

The components of therapeutic and prophylactic pastes can be varied. It all depends on the mechanism of action (antiseptic, homeopathic and mixed action).

Medicinal pastes and gels can be used for no more than 21 days, since they contain a very high content of antiseptics.

Refreshing pastes contain substances that help freshen breath.

"Exotic" toothpastes contain ingredients that help quit smoking or suppress appetite.

What is the modern technology for the production of toothpaste?

First of all, water is prepared, which will later be used in the manufacture of toothpaste. Ordinary tap water undergoes a three-stage purification. First, it is cleaned of iron, chlorine and other coarse impurities. Further, it is “liberated” from magnesium, calcium, etc. salts. After these procedures, the water becomes much softer.

After that, the water passes through several more filters and an ozone generator. In water enriched with ozone, the last, especially tenacious bacteria die. The result is super-purified water.

Before sending water to special reactors for cooking toothpaste, ozone is destroyed using ultraviolet lamps. This procedure is necessary in order not to damage the equipment for the production of toothpaste.

The ingredients of the future toothpaste are stored in separate containers.

Further production of toothpaste takes place as follows: all the ingredients from the containers enter the common reactor. There they are thoroughly mixed in a vacuum space at a temperature below 36 degrees until a homogeneous mass is obtained. At its core, cooking toothpaste is a physical process, not a chemical one. E551 mixes with water so that the paste does not fall apart into separate pieces.

The components are mixed in the reactor for about three hours. The production of toothpaste in Russia is considered complete only when the finished paste is tested for analysis for compliance with GOST.