Alyabyev's house. Stavropol region

Novinsky boulevard. The outer side of the Garden Ring. Part 2.

We continue our journey along Novinsky Boulevard. In the courtyard of a modern house number 7 there was a manor house.

House number 7с4(not saved). An example of wooden classicism, the main manor house with a mezzanine stood at the back of the site.
The open courtyard in front of it was framed by two identical residential, also wooden outbuildings, placed along the line of passage.

The estate on Novinsky Boulevard belonged to the Ofrosimov family. This house was famous throughout Moscow. First like home Ofrosimova Nastasya Dmitrievna(1723-1826), who was "in the old years the governor in Moscow, something like Marfa Posadnitsa, but without the slightest hint of republicanism. In Moscow society, she had strength and power. She seized power, she acquired power with the help of a common to her respect" - as Vyazemsky P.A. wrote about her. Her husband, Ofrosimov (1752-1817), "whom she, as she herself admitted, secretly kidnapped from her father's house to the crown," a military general from the time of Potemkin, was completely subordinate to her.
Supposed portrait of Ofrosimova N.D. brushes F.S. Rokotova

Sverbeev, Pylyaev, Vigel and many others mention her in their memoirs.
This legendary Moscow lady was bred by Tolstoy in War and Peace under the name of Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova and by Griboedov in Woe from Wit under the name of Khlestova Anfisa Nilovna.
One of her sons - Andrei Pavlovich (1788-1839), guards colonel, married Ekaterina Alexandrovna Rimskaya-Korsakova(1803-1854), a girl from a family no less famous in Moscow. After the wedding, the estate became the home of a young family.
And in the 1840s, having managed to become a widower, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna settled here with her new husband, composer A. A. Alyabyev.
Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabiev(1787 - 1851) - Russian composer, author of the famous romances "Nightingale", "Winter Road", "Evening Ringing", "Beggar" -
It used to be that a beggar is not afraid
Come for alms to her,
She's ashamed to ask you...
Give it, for Christ's sake, to her...
and many others.

Alyabyev was born into a noble family in Tobolsk. In 1804 he came to Moscow. From a young age, he showed creative talent (the first works were published in 1810). In 1812, he volunteered for a hussar regiment, participated in many battles and actions of partisan detachments, was wounded and awarded orders for military merit.
Through fellow officers, Alexander Alexandrovich met a lot of poets and playwrights, since 1815 the gallant lieutenant colonel began to actively compose music. Good, talented music - for the dilettante he was, unthinkable.
In 1823, Alyabiev, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, retired with a uniform and a full pension and settled in Moscow, he composes music, conducts rehearsals, and otherwise leads the life of an ordinary Moscow rake, balls, cards, friendly drinking parties.
In 1825, an absurd but tragic incident occurred in the life of Alyabyev, which completely changed the fate of the composer. One day he hosted a dinner party for friends at his home. Everyone had a good drink, then they began to play cards. One of the guests, the Voronezh landowner Vremev, who first won and then lost big, refused to pay a big loss, while hinting that the game was fraudulent. Alyabyev, who himself did not participate in the game, was indignant that his house was compared to a cheating den and slapped Vremov in the face. A scuffle ensued, and a coin fell out of Vremov's boot. The participants ordered him to take off his shoes, they found hidden coins in his boots, forced him to pay and escorted him out of the house. And after a few times, he suddenly died. Doctors declared death from apoplexy
However, Alyabyev was arrested on suspicion of the murder of the landowner T. M. Vremov and, despite the lack of evidence of the accusation, was sentenced to exile in Siberia with the deprivation of all rights and the title of nobility.The main reason for the harsh sentence was, apparently, Alyabyev's closeness to the Decembrist circles. It's interesting that his case was conducted by I.I. Pushchin, himself a future Decembrist and member of a secret society!!!
In total, from the moment of his arrest, Alyabyev spent 10 years in exile.
The love story of Ekaterina Alexandrovna and Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev is amazing. they had known each other before her marriage. Ekaterina Alexandrovna came from the Rimsky-Korsakov family. Their house at the Tver Gates in Moscow was one of the most hospitable and hospitable.

The main concern of her mother, Marya Ivanovna, was to better arrange her five beautiful daughters, and not to deprive them of the dowry of three hussar sons. Therefore, she kept an open house, arranged dance evenings with a rich dinner several times a month. Pushkin, Mickiewicz, Griboyedov, Vyazemsky, Kuchelbecker, Denis Davydov hung over the house. As a friend of the sons of the hostess, Alexander Alyabyev also visited here.
Historian N. Moleva writes "It all started with the third mazurka. The third one in one evening. Then Katya did not believe herself. Moscow had its own rules and signs. Even the second dance at the ball with the same young lady evoked curious glances, and third ... It was an open confession of passion, or even serious intentions ...
Rehearsals - orchestral, vocal. Performances. Cheerful, sometimes stupid vanity of prime ministers. Isn't that why the same, third, quadrille seemed so unexpected? The bachelor hussar is at the pinnacle of creative success, and his emphasized interest in the girl whom he knew from childhood and to whom, it would seem, had not previously shown any feelings. Friends and relatives had the right to be surprised ... ". And a few days later this story happened by the landowner Vremov. Alyabyev was sent into exile, and Ekaterina Alexandrovna, in order to hush up the scandal, was persuaded to marry the unloved Ofrosimov.
In the early 1830s, Alyabyev managed to get out of exile to the Caucasus for treatment, where Marya Ivanovna was resting with her married daughter at that time. Here, after a long separation, lovers meet and the first romances dedicated to Katya are born - “I see your image”, “I look sadly at the cherished ring”, “I won’t say, I won’t confess” and others, but there is an abyss between the lovers.
The next time Alyabyev will meet with Ekaterina Alexandrovna (already a widow), only after the exile and feelings flared up again,
Moleva writes, "Everything was decided unexpectedly. Katya's husband died. She endured the prescribed period of mourning and decided to take an unthinkable step: she herself found a way to see Alyabyev, she herself spoke about their happiness. Belated, but the only one that could return her colors and meaning to life." In August 1840, a wedding took place in the village of Ryazantsy, Bogorodsk district, in the Church of the Holy Trinity.
Moleva continues, “Of course, everything turned out to be not at all cloudless. There were no children. The ban on staying in Moscow remained in force. Alyabyev was forced to hide among the courtyards in his own house. music, theaters - to use it, but stars were put instead of the composer's name. He could not be at rehearsals and premieres. And yet, nevertheless, happiness came. A short-lived happiness that illuminated an unsettled life, giving it meaning. "
After the wedding, the couple settled in this house on Novinsky Boulevard. Alyabyev died in 1851, Ekaterina Alexandrovna outlived him by only three years.
This is what the house looked like in 1992. It was going to be restored.

He stood until 1997, until he was set on fire (this is the version of the majority), burned down, as a result, to the basement floor. After the fire, there were again different plans for the reconstruction and restoration of the house. And this is what the area where the house stood now looks like.

As a result, the restoration was abandoned; in 2013, a creative workshop of the artist Vasily Nesterenko will be built on the site of the Alyabyev house.
Further Novinsky Boulevard is interrupted by Novy Arbat. At this intersection before
located plot number 9. This is the history of the site. Not far from Novinsky Boulevard in house number 27 (about him later) lived a friend of Pushkin Zhikharev Stepan Petrovich, an official of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, in 1823 - 1827 - the Moscow provincial prosecutor.
Perhaps Pushkin, who often visited Zhikharev, also visited his wife's house Feodosia Dmitrievna (nee Nechaeva). She owned a small 2-storey stone house with a huge garden (Novinsky Boulevard, 9).
Then the Kumanin merchants own the site, at whose expense the Sorrowful Church on Bolshaya Ordynka was erected, which has survived to this day.
The last owners of the plot were the merchants Lyamina. The merchant family of the Lyamins has been known in Moscow since the 17th century. It is precisely by such people as the founder of the merchant dynasty Ivan Petrovich Lyamin, traditions and a professional code of honor of the Russian merchants were laid. The grandson of Ivan Petrovich Lyamin - Ivan Artemyevich - treated the family commandments sacredly. Versatility of knowledge and high decency quickly made Ivan Petrovich one of the prominent figures in the world of Moscow merchants. In 1871 Ivan Petrovich was elected mayor of Moscow. On the initiative of Lyamin, a horse-drawn railway is being created in Moscow - the prototype of the entire current public transport system from trams to monorail metro. It was he who laid the foundations of the current communal services of the city, installed the first electric arc lamps in the city, founded the Polytechnic Museum. Ivan Artemyevich was also a well-known philanthropist. It is Lyamin who owes Moscow the opening of the city children's hospital of St. Vladimir. After him, his son becomes the owner - Semyon Ivanovich, pp. gr., managing director of the Association of the Pokrovskaya Paper-Spinning and Weaving Manufactory, vowel of the Moscow City Duma. In 1918, the Lyamins leave Russia. Their descendants now live in Paris.
Many people remember the name of Lyamina, according to his surviving dacha in Sokolniki. Remember the children's book "Christmas Tree in Sokolniki", which had Lenin on it, and so it happened at the former dacha of Lyamin.
The photo on the left shows Lyamin's house, the part of the house overlooking Novinsky Boulevard may be the house of Zhikharev's wife, Feodosia Dmitrievna, where Pushkin visited (given that the houses were not demolished before, but built into existing ones).
Earlier I wrote that Zhikhareva had a huge garden, due to which the Lyamins expanded the house, but not along the boulevard, but along Novinsky Lane.

Part of the garden was preserved under the Lyamins. I found a photo from the magazine Iskra for 1913, where a market-fair is taking place in the garden of Lyamina at the hospital for infants, ed. T.N. Speranskaya. Here is a link to a larger photo.

After the revolution, the Lyamins' house at one time housed the House of Architects, and then the Institute of Blood Transfusion.
The house was demolished in the early 1960s during the construction of Novy Arbat. There are several pictures of the house before demolition. Here it is closer from Novinsky Boulevard.

And here it is from Novinsky Lane (now it is part of Novy Arbat). Behind the lantern in the center is a piece house number 7(the one without forests), I wrote about it in the 1st part.

Behind the crossroads facing the boulevard stands the Stalin house №9\30, built jointly by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the Ministry of Defense (the first is money, the second is labor force). The right side of the house (along Novy Arbat) - the military lived, the left - employees of Vneshtorg.

The house was built in the 1950s, architects V. I. Kurochkina and P. A. Khokhryakova. It was built by captured Germans. View of the house from Novinsky Boulevard.

Details.

Continuation.

“The former Lieutenant Colonel Alyabyev, deprived of his ranks and nobility and exiled to live in Tobolsk, arrived at Mineralnye Vody to use an eye disease, and on August 19 of this year he left Pyatigorsk for Kislye Vody. He lodged in Pyatigorsk in the house of the deceased Major Karabutova. This is how it is written in the documents of the Pyatigorsk city government about the stay of the author of the famous romance Nightingale here. Alyabyev was convicted on a false charge of murder - this is how the authorities settled with him for his friendship with the Decembrists. The treatment did not help him, but the result of the trip was new works inspired by the Caucasus.

More correctly, the second name of this building, which is part of the memorial Lermontov quarter, is “The House of Kotyrev - Karabutova”. In 1822-1923, it was built by the commandant of the Mozdok fortress, Lieutenant Colonel A. Kotyrev, fellow soldier of General D.O. Bebutova and acquaintance A.S. Griboyedov. Some of the rooms were supposed to be rented out: the popularity of healing "waters" grew by leaps and bounds, and more and more people came here. The architect is not exactly known: perhaps it was the then Caucasian provincial architect S.D. Myasnikov; it is also possible that one of the “Exemplary Projects” of the Russian Construction Committee for residential development was taken as a basis. In any case, it was one of the largest and most solid estates of the Hot Waters resort, which did not yet have the status of a city or the name Pyatigorsk. But Kotyrev almost did not have to live there - in August 1823 he died. The house passed to his wife, who soon married Major A. Karabutov. After she also died, a lawsuit began between the heirs of Kotyrev and the Karabutov family - just, apparently, under Alyabyev. As a result, the latter won, but all the owners regularly rented out part of the house. The first famous tenant of this house was in the summer of 1823 Professor A.P. Nelyubin, a doctor and pharmacologist who studied the medicinal properties of Caucasian mineral waters. He rented five whole rooms, which housed both the chemical laboratory and the offices of physical and chemical instruments. Alyabyev, on the other hand, was visited by extraordinary inspiration here: he managed to write several compositions in a short time, including the famous romance "The Secret". The next collection of romances (1834), on the cover of which a view of Pyatigorsk is depicted, the author gave the name "Caucasian Singer". Pyatigorsk inspired the composer for a special reason: here he again met E.A. Ofrosimova (née Rimskaya-Korsakova), with whom he was in love and who, after his arrest, was hastily married off. In 1840, she will become a widow and finally become Alyabyev's wife. It is to her that all these works are dedicated.

And Alexander Alyabyev was fond of music since childhood, took piano lessons and studied composition. He wrote romances based on poems by famous poets and vocal miniatures, works for orchestra and operas for the capital's theaters. Alyabyev survived the Siberian exile, however, he did not leave his music lessons there either.

Composer officer

Alyabyev was born on August 15, 1787 in Tobolsk in the family of a civil governor. The Alyabyevs' house was musical, both parents and guests played here - exiles, who were patronized by the father of the future composer. In 1796, the family moved to St. Petersburg, where his father received a position in the Berg Collegium - the Mining Department, and Alexander Alyabyev took music lessons from Johann Heinrich Miller. A few years later he moved to Moscow, where he entered a boarding school at Moscow University and began to study the basics of composition.

After nominal service, for which he was enlisted as a "minor of the nobility" at the age of 14, Alexander Alyabyev entered active service. He combined work in the Moscow Berg office with music lessons. In 1810, the first works of Alyabyev were published - a romance and waltzes.

When the Patriotic War began, Alexander Alyabyev was enrolled in a Cossack regiment and sent to Ukraine. He met Denis Davydov and joined his partisan detachment, and after that he was sent to the Irkutsk hussar regiment, which was then in the Belarusian Kobrin. There he became friends with Alexander Griboedov and Nikolai Tolstoy - the father of Leo Tolstoy.

In military service, Alexander Alyabyev received two Orders of St. Anna of the third degree, the Order of St. Vladimir of the fourth degree, and a medal "In memory of the Patriotic War of 1812". Relatives noted that he "correct and brave officer". The service continued after the victory over Napoleon. In his free time, Alyabyev composed a string quartet, a piano trio and a quintet, many romances, among which is an elegy on Pushkin's poems "The daylight went out."

On February 12, 1822, at the Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg, the premiere of Nikolai Khmelnitsky's vaudeville with music by Alyabyev, Ludwig Wilhelm Maurer and Alexei Verstovsky "A New Prank, or Theatrical Battle" was held. Alyabyev made his debut as a theater composer.

In January 1823, the vaudeville opera The Village Philosopher was staged at the Mokhovaya Theater, and in June - with a difference of a week - the premiere of Alyabyev's opera Moonlit Night, or Brownies was held in St. Petersburg and Moscow, which was a great success. Vladimir Odoevsky later wrote: "Alyabyev's operas are no worse than French comic operas".

Musical success and Siberian exile

The composer, meanwhile, became increasingly burdened by military service. He submitted a letter of resignation, and at the end of 1823 an order was issued for his dismissal. Alyabyev settled in Moscow. He participated in musical evenings that took place in the house of Maria Ivanovna Rimskaya-Korsakova. Later, her youngest daughter Ekaterina became the wife of the composer.

In 1825 Alyabyev's music was performed at the Moscow Bolshoi Theatre. For the opening of the new theater building, Mikhail Dmitriev wrote a poetic prologue "The Triumph of the Muses". The music for it was created by Friedrich (Fyodor) Scholz, Alexey Verstovsky and Alexander Alyabyev.

However, in the life of Alyabyev there were not only musical evenings and theatrical premieres, but also gambling.

In February 1825, the composer was arrested: they played cards in his house, there was a quarrel. One of the participants in the conflict died three days later of apoplexy. And one of the witnesses told the police that Alexander Alyabyev hit the deceased. There was no other evidence and similar testimony, but the composer ended up in a prison cell. Even there, he continued to write music that sounded on theater stages.

While the trial dragged on, Alyabyev composed several vaudeville operas, the romance The Nightingale, a vocal miniature based on poems by Anton Delvig.

On December 1, 1827, the State Council issued a guilty verdict: Alexander Alyabyev was deprived of his noble title, awards and exiled to Siberia.

Mysterious A.A.

In February, he arrived in Tobolsk and entered under the supervision of the governor of Western Siberia, Ivan Velyaminov. Velyaminov allowed the composer to make music. In the same year, an orchestra of "Cossack music" was transferred to Tobolsk from Omsk. Alyabyev took him under his wing. They rehearsed a lot, and the team became a full-fledged symphony orchestra that played at balls and gave concerts.

Thanks to the efforts of Velyaminov and relatives, in 1832 Alyabyev managed to go to the Caucasus to treat his eyes. Of course, he was also under "strict surveillance" there. Alyabyev became interested in Caucasian folklore. The composer composed romances inspired by Kabardian, Circassian, Georgian melodies. They were included in the collection "Caucasian singer". At the same time, Alyabyev began to work on music for the Caucasian novel by Bestuzhev-Marlinsky "Ammalat-bek". Later this work became the basis for the opera of the same name.

In 1833, the composer was allowed to settle in Orenburg, where he fell under the wing of the Governor-General Vasily Perovsky, a participant in the Patriotic War, a connoisseur of the arts. Risking his own career, Perovsky sought permission to live in exile in the Moscow province, on the estate of his relatives.

Alexander Alyabyev still composed a lot. In 1838, he wrote music for Pushkin's "Mermaid" - this work was inspired by the impressions of the death of the poet. The play was presented on the stage of the Moscow Bolshoi Theatre. Instead of the composer's name, only the initials were indicated on the playbill - "A. BUT.".

In 1843, after countless petitions, Alyabyev was finally allowed to live in Moscow. The title of nobility was not returned to him.

In Moscow, the composer became a regular participant in the "Thursdays" in the house of Alexander Veltman - a linguist, poet, archaeologist. Famous writers, musicians and scientists gathered at these evenings. Alyabyev devoted a lot of time to choral creativity: he wrote and prepared for publication "Collection of Various Russian Songs" for the choir. It includes miniatures based on poems by Alexander Pushkin, Anton Delvig, Vasily Zhukovsky, Nikolai Karamzin and other poets. However, the collection was published only in 1952.

Alexander Alyabyev died in 1851. He was buried in the family tomb in the Simonov Monastery. However, during the years of Soviet power, the monastery was destroyed - and the graves of the composer and his relatives were destroyed along with it.

Moscow houses: from wood to stone

Prior to this building, no one cared until they established its connection with the name of the great composer. But the architectural monument burned down in 1997. Ironically, shortly before this, a certain commercial organization promised to restore the house and open the Alyabyev Museum.

They say that......once, while playing cards, Alyabyev caught one of the players in a dishonest game and hit him. A few days later he died of a ruptured spleen. Alyabyev was charged with murder. He was acquitted, but he was exiled to Siberia for beatings and gambling.
In prison, while awaiting a verdict, Alyabyev composed a lot of musical works, including the famous "Nightingale".
- Russian talent and prison - for the benefit! - the composer Verstovsky reacted to this.
- Tell him that there are a lot of empty cells next to me, - Alyabyev answered.
The composer returned semi-legally to Moscow in 1840. He stayed at his wife's house. And in 1843 Alyabyev received permission to live in the city.

Born in the family of the Tobolsk vice-governor Alexander Vasilyevich Alyabyev. He received a good education at home.

In 1796 the family moved to St. Petersburg.

In 1801, he began serving as a non-commissioned master of the 3rd class at the Berg Collegium in St. Petersburg.

In 1804, the Alyabyev family moved to Moscow, where Alexander completed his education at the Moscow boarding school.

In 1803, he was enrolled as a 14th class shipmaster in Moscow.

In 1812 he volunteered for military service and during the Patriotic War of 1812 he served in the 3rd Ukrainian Cossack Regiment.

In 1813 - 1814 he fought near Leipzig and in the battles on the Rhine, participated in the capture of Dresden under the command of Denis Davydov, where he was wounded, and the capture of Paris by the Russian army. Alexander Alyabyev was awarded two Orders of St. Anna 3rd degree, Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree and a medal in memory of the war of 1812. After the Patriotic War of 1812, he continued to serve in St. Petersburg with the rank of captain.

In 1815, he composed the hussar song "One More Day".

In 1822, Alexander Alyabyev, together with the composer A.N. Verstovsky, wrote music for the vaudeville opera A New Prank, or Theatrical Battle, the opera Moonlight Night, or Brownies, staged at the Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg.

In 1823, Alexander Alyabyev retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel with full board and lived in Moscow and St. Petersburg. At this time, he wrote the vaudeville opera The Village Philosopher, staged at the Mokhovaya Theater in Moscow.

In 1824, he wrote the vaudeville operas Khlopotun, or The Work of the Master Is Afraid and The Petitioner together with A.N. Verstovsky, staged in the theaters of Moscow.

In 1825 he wrote the choirs for the prologue "The Triumph of the Muses" and the vaudeville operas "The Meeting of Stagecoaches", "The Fun of the Caliph, or Jokes for a Day" together with A.N. Verstovsky, which were staged at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow.

A catastrophe broke out that year: Alyabyev was accused of a murder he did not commit. During a game of chance at cards in his house, Alyabyev discovered that the landowner Vremev was cheating. For which he was severely beaten and died three days later. The owner of the house was arrested and placed in a fortress in solitary confinement for three years, where he began to write music out of idleness.

Composer A.N. Verstovsky said about him: “Prison is good for Russian talent! Alyabyev replied with a grin: Tell him that next to me there are a lot of empty cells.

In 1826, in prison, Alexander Alyabyev wrote his most famous romance, The Nightingale, to the words of the poet A.A. Delvig.

In 1827 he wrote the ballet The Magic Drum, or the Corollary of the Magic Flute.

On December 1, 1827, Alexander Alyabyev was deprived of his ranks, orders, nobility and exiled to Tobolsk by the Highest order.

What deigned to amuse you so, sir? - the official asked with bewilderment. - In Siberia, they will teach you seriousness!

This is unlikely, - said Alexander Alyabyev. - In Tobolsk I spent the best years of my life - childhood and youth. After all, my father was the governor of Tobolsk.

In Tobolsk, Alexander Alyabyev organized a symphony orchestra of "Cossack music", led symphony and choral concerts, acted as a conductor and pianist. During this exile, he wrote his most famous romances "Winter Road", "Evening Bells", "Two Crows".

In 1832-1833, Alexander Alyabyev received permission to travel to the Caucasus for treatment, where he recorded Caucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar folk songs and compiled together with the Ukrainian folklorist historian M.A. Maksimovich, the collection "Voices of Ukrainian Songs", published in 1834.

In 1835, Alexander Alyabyev was allowed to live in the Moscow province with relatives with a ban on entry to both capitals.

During this period, he wrote music for the dramas The Apostate, or the Siege of Corinth (1837), The Mermaid by A.S. Pushkin, The Merry Wives of Winsor” by W. Shakespeare (1838).

In 1840, Alexander Alyabyev married E.A. Rimskaya-Korsakova.

In 1843, he received imperial permission to live under police supervision in Moscow "in order not to appear in public."

Alexander Alyabyev died on February 22, 1851 and was buried in the Simonov Monastery in the family tomb of the Alyabyevs.