Unified geoinformation space. Fundamentals of the formation of a single geoinformation space for special purposes using web technologies

The unified geoinformation space is an integral part of Moscow's spatial data infrastructure, which is a set of urban information resources, technologies, systems, regulatory and legal acts necessary for the collection, processing, updating, storage, distribution, exchange and use of spatial data and metadata.

A.V. Antipov(GUP "Mosgorgeotrest")

The development of the city as a whole, certain areas of the urban economy and practically all urban information systems that have already been created or are still being created, is impossible without reliable spatial data on the occupied territory, land plots located on it, real estate and other objects and phenomena.

The availability of such information is especially relevant for dynamically developing megacities, including Moscow. In recent years, in accordance with the general development plan, housing construction has been intensively carried out in the capital, reconstruction and overhaul of the housing stock are being carried out, transport routes and engineering communications are being laid and reconstructed, measures for comprehensive improvement are being implemented, etc.

The implementation of mass construction, the adoption and approval of management decisions in the city would not have been possible without comprehensive engineering surveys, including geodetic, geological and environmental surveys, as well as aerial photography and cartographic work. It should be noted that the spatial data generated in the course of these actions are necessary for the successful implementation of all stages of design and construction.

On the territory of Moscow, a significant amount of work in the field of integrated engineering surveys is carried out by the State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest", leading its history since 1944 and being part of the complex of urban planning policy and construction of the city of Moscow

Below is the experience of the enterprise in providing spatial data to executive authorities and city organizations within the framework of targeted city programs.

Reference geodetic network of Moscow
To solve almost all measurement problems in the city, it is necessary to have a single coordinate space with sufficient accuracy.

In 2000, Mosgorgeotrest, using its own sources of financing, began work on the inventory of the Moscow geodetic reference network. As a result, it was revealed that almost a third of the items listed in the card index were lost due to mass construction and the absence of an established procedure for the preservation of items at that time. The state of the network did not have the best effect on the quality and speed of topographic and geodetic work, including the preparation of large-scale engineering and topographic plans for design.

The enterprise developed a targeted medium-term program of work to improve the capital geodetic network, designed for 2004-2006, which was approved by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated March 2, 2004 No. 115-PP. Specialists from MIIGAiK, TsNIIGAiK and MAGP also took part in the implementation of the program.

At present, the network has been fully restored and adjusted. For its maintenance and further development, up to 120 signs are laid monthly. The city has adopted rules that make builders responsible for destroying signs. The unified basic geodetic network of the capital provides the necessary accuracy for all types of engineering surveys, topographic and geodetic, cartographic, land management and cadastral works.

The work performed created the basis for the formation of a high-precision navigation field using global satellite positioning systems. At present, the project is being implemented by State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorgeotrest in a pilot mode (Fig. 1, 2).

Rice. 1. frame geodetic network of Moscow

Unified state cartographic basis of Moscow
Many city organizations create and develop their information systems, which, as a rule, require a cartographic basis. Until 2001, the choice of cartographic materials was regulated by the goals and financial capabilities of resource owners. As a result, when trying to obtain complex information from various databases, various kinds of inaccuracies and errors arose.

The Moscow government decided to create a unified state cartographic basis (EGKO) for the capital and to make it mandatory to use it in the formation of information systems in city organizations (Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 19, 1999 No. 24). In 2001, a resource with a base scale of 1:10,000 was put into commercial operation.

Currently, in accordance with the administrative documents of the city administration, the unified state cartographic base is supplied free of charge to 52 organizations, and the cycle of a complete update of the digital cartographic background (CCF) is four months.

The underground space of the city is saturated with various communications. Of particular importance for solving urban problems are spatial data on the position of main engineering networks. In this regard, in 2008, work began on the creation of a dedicated resource for main engineering communications as part of YGKO. At present, the resource has been put into operation (Fig. 3, 4).

Remote sensing of the territory of Moscow
Prompt updating of cartographic materials would be impossible without the use of aerial and space survey data. Therefore, the Government of Moscow adopted Resolution No. 198 dated March 21, 2000 "On approval of the regulation on the procedure for the formation and implementation of the annual city order for aerospace survey of the territory of Moscow, processing remote sensing data and maintaining a database of remote sensing data on the territory of Moscow" , and in the structure of the State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest" a remote sensing center was established, which was entrusted with the coordination of work in this direction.

Within the framework of the adopted program, aerial photography of the urban area is annually carried out to create orthophotomaps at a scale of 1:2000 (including updating topographic plans of the appropriate scale) and satellite imagery materials are purchased to update the YSKO CCF and solve a number of specialized tasks. Materials are donated to 20 city organizations.

Stereophotogrammetric image processing makes it possible to obtain information about the heights of spatial objects and proceed to three-dimensional modeling of an urban area (Fig. 5–7).

Engineering-geological mapping of the territory of Moscow
Optimal use of the territory of the metropolis is impossible without the development of underground space, which implies a comprehensive study of the structure of the geological environment and obtaining engineering and geological information. This led to the appearance of the order of the Government of Moscow dated March 26, 2007 No. 518-RP "On the creation of thematic geological large-scale maps of the territory of the city of Moscow." The scale of 1:10,000 was chosen as the main working scale, and EGKO of Moscow was used as a cartographic basis.

The work was carried out by the State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorgeotrest together with the Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences for three years and was completed in early 2010. As a result, 12 sets of engineering geological maps were compiled (Fig. 8).

Work program for the development of a unified geoinformation space in Moscow for 2010–2012.
Considering the above, it can be stated that significant resources of spatial information have been accumulated in Moscow and a favorable opportunity has arisen for their integration and the formation of derivative products.

On the basis of the Concept for the Creation and Development of the Spatial Data Infrastructure of the Russian Federation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated June 30, 2009 No. 619-PP, the Concept of a medium-term city target program of work on the development of a unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow for 2010–2012 was adopted.

The concept defined the unified geoinformation space of the capital as a combination of arrays of spatial data on the territory of the city, presented in two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms, covering ground, underground and above-ground space, interconnected by a single coordinate base that allows displaying and processing spatial objects simultaneously from different data arrays of any scale , including arrays of thematic data of various users.

On the basis of this concept, the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated February 24, 2010 No. 162-PP adopted the Medium-term city target program of work on the development of a unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow for 2010-2012.

The main objectives of the program are:
- geodetic and cartographic support (provision of services based on the updated information resources of YSKO Moscow);
- providing the territory of the city with remote sensing data;
- creation of sectoral cartographic thematic information resources on the basis of EGKO Moscow;
- providing three-dimensional spatial materials and data;
- creation of a basic regional system of navigation and geodetic support of the city based on GLONASS /
GPS (SNGO of Moscow);
- engineering and geological support;
- regulatory, software and technical support;
- personnel and scientific and information support.

As a result of the implementation of this program, the tasks of providing executive authorities, law enforcement and civil protection authorities, organizations of the capital, as well as its residents with comprehensive spatial data on the territory of the city, including underground space, remote sensing materials, engineering and geological data, industry spatial resources will be solved. .

In conclusion, it should be noted that the adoption of such a program became possible due to the constant attention on the part of the executive and legislative authorities of the capital to the issues of providing spatial data to city organizations. Almost 10 years of work on the collection, processing and dissemination of spatial data, carried out in accordance with the regulatory documents of the Moscow government, made it possible to verify the undoubted effectiveness of their use to solve management and production problems in the city.

Common geoinformation space of Moscow city

ISOGD of the city of Moscow

Moscow is not only the best, but also one of the largest and most complex cities on Earth. The capital of the Russian Federation is a unique metropolis in terms of territorial organization, structure and management. Dozens of departments, departments and services that are responsible for various fields of activity take part in the management of the city. All these areas are very closely interconnected, so decision-making is based on a large amount of heterogeneous information.

In Moscow, there are complex structures for managing information flows that ensure the timely flow of information to interested parties. The city has created various information systems based on modern means of collecting and processing information. The volume of information is growing exponentially, and they need to be managed effectively. It is for this purpose that integration processes are being developed in many countries and cities that ensure the consolidation and streamlining of information flows, creating conditions for the formation of a single infrastructure. Moscow is no exception here.

In Russian urban planning, intentions to form a unified information infrastructure have been developed in the concept of information systems for urban planning (ISOGD), formed on the basis of the general principles of the state concept of spatial data infrastructure.

Spatial data is an important component of information flows in the city, since most of all information is geo-referenced. Virtually all the main services of the city are engaged in the creation of spatial data, providing planning, construction, reconstruction, functioning and development of the city. In 1999, for better comparability of spatial data, the City Government decided to create a unified state cartographic basis for the city of Moscow (EGKO), the preparation and maintenance of which was entrusted to Mosgorgeotrest. This basis was created on the basis of a database of digital topographic plans, maps and diagrams on a scale of 1:2000 - 1:25000 and in 2002 was put into commercial operation. The YSKO information resource is kept up to date and provided to all services and organizations of the city that perform design and inventory work. This significantly increased the reliability and reliability of information, accelerated and facilitated its sharing, and significantly expanded the information exchange of spatial data. Attempts were made to form unified procedures for creating spatial data and unify exchange formats, which improved the possibility of data exchange, but did not solve the problems of keeping the data up to date. The data exchange regulations resulted in the receipt of information late and did not guarantee their relevance during the subsequent period of use.

The General Plan of Moscow initiated the creation of a single information space

The lack or delay in the receipt of up-to-date data was particularly acute in the preparation of the main document of the city - the Master Plan for the Development of Moscow until 2025. Work on this document was completed in 2010. It was carried out in several design workshops of the city and united in the Institute of the General Plan of Moscow . The General Plan of the City of Moscow is a complex document, legally including 19 information groups of spatial data, uniting more than 50 cartographic layers.

The development of the General Plan is based on a set of initial spatial data, some of which may change during the period of preparation of the document. This significantly complicated the work, required constant comparison with newly incoming spatial information from other services. In addition, during public discussions of the General Plan and hearings in the City Duma, urgent additional work was required to convert data from different formats for their presentation in a unified geographic information system (GIS).

In this regard, work was underway to deploy such a system. And as an integration platform, software products of the ArcGIS family were adopted, installed in two main centers for preparing spatial data for this document: at the Institute of the General Plan of Moscow and the Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning of Moscow (“Moscomarchitecture”).

In 2009, the city government also discussed and adopted the concept of creating a unified geoinformation space in Moscow (EGIP), the implementation of which would allow the use of modern technological solutions to optimize the exchange of spatial data. On its basis, the medium-term target program of the city for 2010-2012 was approved.

The essence of the concept lies in the desire for "integration of spatial data that allows you to simultaneously display and process spatial objects from different data arrays of any scale, including arrays of thematic data of various users."

It was necessary to develop and implement a fundamentally new approach to the exchange of spatial data in a fairly short time without destroying the established practice of creating and using spatial data in services that have experience in using geographic information systems, and with the possibility of developing the system due to convenient connection and expansion of the number of participants. The difficulty was the need to integrate information created and maintained, albeit on a single cartographic basis, but in different, often poorly comparable spatial data formats, based on various GIS technologies and GIS systems used in different services.

It should be noted that in Moscow, as in other large cities, the choice of specific information technologies is determined by many factors, including not only the economic component of the implementation of systems, but also the diversity of implementation of technologies in different industries, the established experience of specialists, the format of incoming data, or even just spontaneous decision. However, in this case, the transfer of services to a single GIS platform was not considered as an option for a general solution, since this is not only impossible, but also impractical. The solution was sought in new standards for the exchange of spatial information based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) using international standards for the exchange of spatial information developed by the international consortium OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). This approach made it possible not to develop new software products or unify their use, but to develop directions for linking distributed information nodes for messaging.

Service-Oriented Architecture EGIP Moscow

A service-oriented architecture has three main components: service providers, service consumers, and a service registry.

Based on this, a variant of organizing the EGIP based on a geoportal solution was considered (Fig. 1). Its essence was to build a multi-core (distributed) information structure with a central node in Moscomarchitecture. The role of the central node consists in the presence of additional functions of the EGIP operator, which provides all participants with a single cartographic basis and a platform for the exchange of information resources.

Rice. one. The general scheme of the organization of the EGIP.

As such a site, a spatial data geoportal built on ArcGIS technology is used. A special server extension - ArcGIS Geoportal Extension (from the editor: in ArcGIS 10 redesigned into a new Esri Geoportal Server product) - made it possible to deploy an interaction platform in the city information loop of city management in the shortest possible time. The purpose of the geoportal is to consolidate information about the decentralized spatial data available in the city services, which are processed and provided for use in the form of standard geoservices, as well as to create a single entry point for users to this environment.

The geoportal was built into the general portal of Moskomarchitectura, the entrance to which is regulated for registered users with the necessary rights (roles).

Role functions allow: administrator – to assign roles, regulate the operation of the portal and approve or suspend the use of the data proposed for registration; data providers to register their own spatial information resources on the geoportal; users - to search for the necessary resources, view resources and work with available spatial data.

Rice. 2. General view of the portal.

The information consolidated on the portal is metadata that is created by resource owners according to a standard template provided by the geoportal (Fig. 2). The metadata template for spatial data (geoservices and the information layers of data included in them) was created on the basis of the international standard ISO 19115:2003 "Geographic information Metadata" (Geographic information. Metadata) and its domestic profile: the RF standard GOST R 52573-2006 "Geographic information. Metadata". In the course of the work, a special EGIP profile was created, which made it possible to use standards and at the same time simplify the set of metadata necessary to describe the spatial resources of the city (Fig. 3). The metadata included "mandatory" metadata elements related to their core, as well as a number of elements that are not included in the core, but are essential for cataloging spatial data.

Rice. 3. Geoportal page for entering metadata on the developed profile.

For ease of use, the portal contains thematic sections of spatial information recommended by the ISOGD of Moscow. They allow you to organize information into sections familiar to users. The distribution of resources by sections occurs automatically after the introduction of the appropriate metadata about the resources provided.

An essential role in the resource catalog is played by a system of keywords that facilitate and speed up the thematic search for resources. The search engine used by the ArcGIS geoportal solution is built on the most famous and popular Apache Lucene search engine, which provides indexing and complex search of information resources by any of the metadata parameters or their combination in real time.

Using the portal assumes that the found list of resources can be saved for later work. For this purpose, a user registration system has been created within the framework of the portal, which provides distributed access to resources and the ability to create and use a “personal account”.

Another important element of the geoportal is the geoviewer (MapViewer) - a special mapping application that allows you to view or fully work with the spatial data registered on the portal. The need for such an application is also due to the task of providing the user on the geoportal with all the necessary tools for working with cartographic services.

For this purpose, a Web application was developed that provides work with geoportal geoservices, as well as the ability to add any other standard cartographic geoservices: both registered on the EGIP geoportal and not registered, but having a URL created according to OGC standards.

The advantage of the application is the ability to create profiles - your own Web-projects from the available data, as well as the ability to save these projects in the user's personal account for later work. Created profiles can be available to a whole group of users or be individual at will. Portal users already have at their disposal the collected profiles with the composition of data defined by the General Plan, the SPRIT system (Consolidated plan for the regulation of the use of territories), MRGP (Monitoring of the implementation of the master plan for the city of Moscow), PZZ (Rules for land use and development), etc. This data is available to anyone a portal member with a sufficient level of access to get started, or simply as a basic basis for creating their own profile (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. An example of a collected geoportal profile.

This Web application is quite easy to use, no special training is required to work with it. If you have any questions, the user can refer to the online help, which is written in a concise manner with illustrations and explanations. The help system is designed in the usual html format for Web users with cross-references within the text and a developed search engine.

With external ease of operation, the functionality of the Web application is well developed. There are all the necessary standard tools for working with the map: zoom in/out, pan, select the display scale. Additionally, tools for measuring, sampling and obtaining information on objects of any layers of geoservices have been developed.

Of particular note is the address search function, which is extremely important for working with spatial data in the city. The address can be found by entering the initial letters of the street name in the search bar, then select the street you are looking for from the proposed list, along which, in turn, all addresses will be offered for selection. If the full address is known, then the location search is carried out instantly right on the map.

The search engine is interactively linked to the map. You can move the map to the area of the found object while maintaining the displayed scale, or bring the map closer to the selected object, you can also create a spatial bookmark.

In the table of contents section there is a tree of administrative divisions of the city, which can be approached by selecting the desired level of hierarchy, down to a specific street or address.

You can search for objects in a special window by building a query on one or more attribute values of the database on which spatial data services are based.

The selection of objects can also be carried out graphically: a point, a line, an outlined polygon. Information about the object selected or found as a result of the search enters the object card - a convenient form for viewing and analyzing attribute information.

About project implementation

For the pilot launch of the portal and testing its functionality, a limited circle of participants was identified that meets several requirements:

having spatial information in digital form and able to provide it in the form of cartographic geoservices;
having a secure channel for transmitting information;
having the ability to use cartographic geoservices in GIS systems used for internal production purposes.

The test participants were Moskomarchitectura, the Institute of the General Plan of Moscow, Mosgorgeotrest, the Department of Land Resources (DZR), the Department of Urban Planning Policy (DGP).

For each participant, technical means of protecting the transmission of information were installed and the volume of spatial resources provided in the EGIP was determined. Moskomarchitectura acted as a data provider and EGIP operator. As an operator of the ICA, I prepared and submitted to the information space YGKO, transferred by Mosgorgeotrest, in the form of an accelerated (cached) cartographic service.

The Institute of the General Plan of Moscow has prepared a number of cartographic services related to the provision of the General Plan of the city. The Department of Land Resources registered and submitted to the EGIP important spatial information on the cadastral registration of the city's lands. The Department of Urban Planning Policy has created and registered a service about the city's objects under construction.

All metadata about the named resources were entered into the geoportal and, after the control of the geoportal administrator, submitted for their use.

The testing of the portal operation was carried out using the MapViewer Web application built into the geoportal, as well as in the existing own applications of the DZR and DGP, which connected the services provided on the portal at the workplaces of employees.

The results of the testing made it possible to highly appreciate the efficiency of EGIP deployment and the possibility of introducing the system into industrial use without significant additional costs.

Of course, nothing is perfect right away. Not everything suits the EGIP operator and its users in the emerging EGIP architecture. The main difficulty lies in the level of access control to data, which is associated primarily with restrictions on the use of EGKO. This entails a significant complication of the interaction of information nodes with the formation of secure channels for the exchange of information, narrowing the number of participants in the information exchange. So it is still too early for an ordinary Muscovite to become a full-fledged user of EGIP information.

Another difficulty is the different level of information and technical readiness of information holders. Some of them will not be able to provide EGIP with their geoservices in the near future. Their information, although very much in demand, will still be available "on paper" or in electronic formats and in a form unsuitable for widespread use.

This is Moscow. I would like it to be not only the main city of the country, but also the most modern in the field of information technology. The EGIP operator has big plans. If they are implemented, then so be it.

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1 ON THE NEED TO CREATE A SINGLE GEOINFORMATION SPACE OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW A.V. Antipov (Moscow Committee for Architecture) In 1980 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Land Management Engineers (now the State University for Land Management) with a degree in engineering geodesy. After graduating from the institute, he was engaged in teaching activities, headed the department of aerial photography of the State University of Uzbekistan. Since 1995, Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Land Committee. Since 1999, the manager of the State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest". From 2012 to the present, Chairman of the Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning of Moscow. Candidate of Technical Sciences. Laureate of the Prize. F.N. Krasovsky. A.V. Koshkarev (Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences) In 1972, he graduated from the Faculty of Geography of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov with a degree in cartography. Since 1976, he worked at the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok) as a researcher and head of a laboratory. Since 1987 he has been working at the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, currently a leading researcher. Candidate of Geographical Sciences. Laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology. B.V. Potapov (State Unitary Enterprise "NI and PI of the General Plan of Moscow") In 1982 he graduated from the Serpukhov VVKIU Strategic Missile Forces, in 2002 the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. He worked in a number of research institutes of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Representative Office of the Russian Economy in Bavaria (Germany). From 1999 to 2005 Deputy Head of the Base Department of the Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Research of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Since 2008, advisor to the manager of the State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorgeotrest. From 2014 to the present, Advisor to the Director of the State Unitary Enterprise "NI and PI of the General Plan of Moscow". Doctor of Technical Sciences. N.V. Filippov (GBU Mosstroyinform) In 1975, he graduated from the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (now the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI). Since 1996, he has worked at JSC "Moscow Committee for Science and Technology", since 2006 at the Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning of Moscow. From 2013 to the present, Deputy Director of the State Budgetary Institution "Information and Analytical Center of the Complex of Urban Planning Policy and Construction of the City of Moscow" Mosstroyinform ". Moscow is one of the largest cities on Earth with a complex infrastructure, a metropolis that is unique in its territorial organization, structure and management. Dozens of departments, departments and services that are responsible for various fields of activity take part in the management of the city. They are closely interrelated, so decision-making is based on a large amount of heterogeneous information. There are various structures in the city that ensure the timely flow of information to interested parties. Information systems have been created based on modern means of collecting and processing information, the volume of which is constantly growing exponentially, and they need to be managed effectively. It is for this purpose that integration processes are being developed in many countries and cities that ensure the consolidation and streamlining of information flows, creating conditions for the formation of a unified information infrastructure. The development of the city as a whole, individual areas of the urban economy and practically all information systems that have been created and are being created in it, is impossible without obtaining spatial data on its territory, land 4

2 sites, real estate and other structures and phenomena. Obtaining such information is especially important for dynamically developing large cities (megacities), including the city of Moscow. In recent years, in accordance with its General Development Plan, intensive housing construction has been launched in the city of Moscow, reconstruction and overhaul of the existing housing stock are being carried out, transport routes and utilities are being built and reconstructed, comprehensive landscaping and other types of work are being carried out. In general, in the city, thanks to the implementation of program work on the collection and processing of various information, there was a favorable opportunity to combine information resources and create new ones on their basis. International experience in the creation, development and use of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) shows that the integration of disparate at the national and regional levels into a common 1 The main page of the INSPIRE geoportal, a network distributed structure must be built on the basis of geoinformation technologies. This will make it possible to make a cardinal breakthrough in TECHNOLOGY, timely provision of reliable and consistent information about the territory of the authorities and administration, as well as the population. The SDI will provide an opportunity to eliminate duplication of work due to better awareness and the ability to automate the coordination of its participants and make wider use of spatial data in various fields, increasing the economic efficiency of their activities. The “Concept for the Creation and Development of the Spatial Data Infrastructure of the Russian Federation”, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, is designed to unite and provide collective access to spatial information at three levels: federal, territorial and municipal. The experience of European countries accumulated in recent years in implementing the INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community) program needs to be adapted to Russian conditions and, first of all, this concerns the core of the regulatory framework that forms the basis of this program (Fig. 1). Currently, these tasks are not sufficiently studied both in terms of technological solutions and in terms of design methods, so the development of models and methods for integrating heterogeneous data is relevant. Domestic SDI should have a service-oriented architecture. At the same time, SDI services should be carried out by a single service provider. The presence of a single provider in a service-oriented architecture in no way infringes on the rights of the owners of individual information resources. It is advisable to create a system of technical regulations for the SDI of the Russian Federation taking into account the international ISO standards of the series and the standardized specifications of the OGC consortium. The implementation of the RF SDI should be considered as a common task for the state at all levels of government and administration. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify efforts to approve federal and regional regulations in the field of spatial data, approve the composition of basic spatial data, put into practice organizational charts with the appointment of leading departments and authorized organizations of data providers, operators that ensure their interoperability in general on the basis of a system of international and national standards. At the level of the legislation of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to ensure the regulation of relations in the field of creation and development of SDI. Through the adoption of sub-5

3 of the equestrian acts by the Government of the Russian Federation and the relevant ministries to put into effect a procedure that ensures interdepartmental interaction and the mandatory provision of basic spatial data and their metadata, as well as requirements for the compatibility of data and services of the RF SDI, reporting and other essential conditions for ensuring the effectiveness of their use. To harmonize between different departments, it is necessary to use common data exchange standards. When designing the technical components of the RF SDI (including the development of software for its use), a number of scientific and applied problems initially arise, the solution of which is similar to the conditions for creating other automated information systems. First, it is necessary to perform a structural analysis of everything used (actually and in the future) by executive authorities, large enterprises and other users, as well as to study the sources of its occurrence and consumption, to establish the main relationships and characteristics. The complexity of solving this problem is due to the fact that the methods, forms and formats of receipt, storage and use in various organizations differ significantly. Secondly, it is necessary to formalize the description of the information placed in the SDI, its relationships and use. At the same time, in a number of cases, an independent scientific task of integration and generalization of heterogeneous (by type, format, method of description), distributed by storage location (in various organizations) and by belonging to existing information systems arises. User access to information contained in federal and regional (territorial) information resources should, as far as possible, be carried out in the "single window" mode. Metadata and geoservices of SDI must be located in the same access point. The presence of such a single provider will allow the best possible inclusion of data in combination with information from other sources in the system for the provision of electronic services. Based on the provisions of the Concept for the Creation and Development of the SDI of the Russian Federation, in 2009 the Decree of the Government of Moscow 619-PP adopted the Concept of a medium-term program of the city's target program of work for the development of a unified geoinformation space (EGIP) of the city of Moscow for the years. EGIP of the city of Moscow is a combination of arrays of spatial data. 2 IAIS EGIP of the city of Moscow. Results of satellite imagery (scale 1:25,000) Fig. 3 IAIS EGIP of the city of Moscow. Digital cartographic background (scale 1:10 000) 6

4 Fig. 4 Basic three-dimensional digital model of buildings on the territory of the city, presented in two-dimensional and three-dimensional views, covering ground, underground and above-ground space, interconnected by a single coordinate base, which allows displaying and processing information about spatial objects simultaneously from different cartographic arrays of any scale, including databases of thematic data of various users, and should become an integral part of the SDI RF. It was required in a fairly short time to develop and implement a fundamentally new approach to the exchange of spatial data without destroying the established practice of creating and using services with experience in working with geographic information systems (GIS), while ensuring the possibility of developing the system due to convenient connection and expanding the number of participants. The difficulty was the need to integrate information created and maintained, albeit on a single cartographic basis, but in different, often poorly comparable spatial data formats, based on various GIS used by different services. It should be noted that in Moscow, as in other large cities, the choice of specific information technologies is determined by many factors, including not only the economic component of the implementation of systems, but also the diversity of implementation of technologies in different industries, the established experience of specialists, the format of incoming data, or even just spontaneous decision. However, in this case, the transfer of services to a single GIS platform was not considered as an option for a general solution, since this is not only impossible, but also impractical. The solution was sought in new standards for the exchange of spatial information based on a service-oriented architecture using international standards for the exchange of spatial information developed by the international consortium OGC. This approach made it possible not to develop new software or unify its use, but to determine the directions for connecting distributed information nodes for messaging. On the basis of the above concept, in 2010, the Decree of the Government of Moscow 162-PP adopted the Medium-term city target program of work for the development of the EGIP of the city of Moscow for the years. The main objectives of the program were the following. 1. Geodetic support of a unified geoinformation infrastructure based on the improvement of the reference geodetic network of the city of Moscow and satellite technologies using the GLONASS/GPS system. 2. Providing users with updated remote sensing materials (Fig. 2) and information resources of the unified state cartographic basis of the city of Moscow (Fig. 3). 3. Creation of a three-dimensional digital model of the territory of the city of Moscow (Fig. 4). 4. Engineering-geological mapping. 5. Integration of spatial data of urban systems to ensure interdepartmental information interaction. 6. Improving the regulatory, personnel, scientific and technological support of the EGIP of the city of Moscow. In the years By order of the Government of Moscow dated 566-RP, the Integrated Automated Information System EGIP of the City of Moscow (IAIS EGIP) was created and put into commercial operation. It is implemented as a city-wide system for working with spatial data in a single geoinformation space. The system was created as a city-wide one for working with spatial data of all executive authorities of the city. It is a set of industry nodes that provide 7

5 solving problems facing the complexes of the urban economy, united by a central node. First of all, conditions were provided for solving problems in the field of urban planning and land relations. The nodes of the urban planning complex (Moskomarkhitektura) (Fig. 5) and the complex of property and land relations (Department of Land Resources) (Fig. 6) were merged. The logical architecture of the EGIP of the city of Moscow includes the following main components: an environment for intersystem exchange and access to geospatial data of executive authorities; the central node of the EGIP environment of the city of Moscow; environment for online access to geospatial data of the EGIP of the city of Moscow. Access to the EGIP data of the city of Moscow is carried out through the online access environment. It includes organizing access using a system of geoportals, tools for viewing and editing geodata, which can be both external systems implemented as a “thick” or “thin” client, and software and tools provided by the EGIP online access environment. The EGIP geoportal system contains three main geoinformation portals of varying degrees of data confidentiality: the EGIP geoinformation portal for open access, a service geoinformation portal for the executive authorities of the city of Moscow, and a secure geoinformation portal for the executive authorities of the city of Moscow. Rice. 5 Spatial data of the Master Plan for the Development of the City of Moscow Pic. 6 Information layer of urban planning plans for land plots In 2011, as part of the development of IAIS EGIP, an open EGIP outline was created, in which publicly available spatial data were published. Currently, public access to them is implemented using the Electronic Atlas of Moscow (developed by order of the Department of Information Technology. It includes cartographic materials and spatial data services. The atlas contains: maps of the city of Moscow created on the basis of an open digital cartographic background included in the composition of the unified state cartographic basis of the city of Moscow, satellite images of the city of Moscow, information on individual objects and territories of the city of Moscow, etc. Development of a unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow.” 8

6 As a result of the implementation of the above programs, it is planned to provide executive authorities, organizations, law enforcement agencies and civil protection measures for the city of Moscow, as well as its residents, with comprehensive spatial data on the city’s territory, including data on underground space, remote sensing materials, geological information and sectoral spatial resources. Virtually all the main services of the city are engaged in the creation of spatial data, providing planning, construction, reconstruction, functioning and development of the city. Spatial data on the urban area is constantly accumulated in the Geofond of the city of Moscow, which includes: cartographic and geodetic, geological materials, engineering survey data, which are coordinated sets in the form of a set of maps and plans, terrain models, individual layers of cartographic information, as well as materials from remote sounding of the territory, geodetic reference network and other types of information. Spatial information belonging to an industry, such as data from the cadastre of real estate objects, the information system for ensuring urban planning, the cadastre of specially protected natural areas, environmental monitoring of the territory of the city of Moscow, data from various city information systems generated as a result of the implementation of city programs and individual agreements that are not stock cartographic information are accumulated as part of thematic information resources of the city of Moscow or authorized organizations and services. Further development of the EGIP of the city of Moscow should be carried out in the following main areas: development and improvement of the regulatory and legal support for the creation and development of the EGIP of the city of Moscow; development of the composition and completeness of the represented sectoral executive bodies of the city of Moscow; creation and development of a multidimensional spatial representation of the territory and objects of the city of Moscow; creation and development of analytical capabilities for the presentation and processing of sectoral spatial data. The above provisions are reflected in more detail in the book "Unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow as an integral part of the spatial data infrastructure of the Russian Federation", prepared by the authors of this article and published under the editorship of A.V. Antipov (see p. 43. Note ed.). The authors express their gratitude to the management of the State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest" for the information and support provided in the preparation and publication of the book. The book provides an overview of spatial data infrastructures in the countries of the European Union and the Russian Federation. The issues of creating the Unified Geoinformation Space of the city of Moscow, the need to improve it at the present stage for use in the urban planning activities of the city's executive authorities TECHNOLOGIES and organizations, as well as in other areas of the city's life, are considered. It is equipped with a large number of applications that reveal the experience of creating the EGIP of the city of Moscow. In the second part of the book, it is planned to consider in more detail the IAIS EGIP branch of the city of Moscow, both from the point of view of technological solutions and from the point of view of design methods, as well as the issues indicated in the main directions for the further development of the EGIP of the city of Moscow. References 1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 21, 2006 "Concept for the creation and development of the spatial data infrastructure of the Russian Federation" Directive 2007/2 / EC of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe of March 14, 2007 on the creation of a spatial information infrastructure of the European Community ( INSPIRE) Open Geospatial Consortium Antipov A.V., Koshkarev A.V., Potapov B.V., Filippov N.V. Unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow as an integral part of the spatial data infrastructure of the Russian Federation. Part 1 // Ed. A.V. Antipov. M: OOO Publishing house "Prospekt", p. RESUME An experience of creating a single geoinformation space of the city of Moscow is considered together with the trends of its improvement for use in both urban planning by the Moscow executive authorities and city organizations, and other fields of the city life. The necessity of taking into account the international and Russian experience in the creation, development and use of spatial data infrastructures, created on the basis of geoinformation technologies is noted. nine

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About the integrated automated information system "Unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow"

In order to develop the Unified Geoinformation Space of the City of Moscow and ensure access of executive bodies to geospatial data: 1. Put into commercial operation the integrated automated information system "Unified Geoinformation Space of the City of Moscow" automated information system "Unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow" (Appendix). 3. To establish that it is the operator and state customer of the industrial operation of IAIS EGIP, as well as the authorized executive body responsible for the regulated implementation of information exchange between participants in information interaction within the framework of the Unified Geoinformation Space of the city of Moscow. 4. Recognize as invalid: 4.1. Decree of the Government of Moscow dated "On the establishment of the Coordinating Council for the program for the development of a unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow". 4.2. Order of the Government of Moscow from "On commissioning". 4.3. Decree of the Government of Moscow dated "On putting into commercial operation the integrated automated information system "Unified Geoinformation Space of the City of Moscow" (first stage)". 5. To impose control over the implementation of this order on the Minister of the Government of Moscow, head A.V. Ermolaev. Moscow Mayor SS Sobyanin Appendix to the Order of the Government of Moscow dated March 20, 2012 N 120-RP Regulations on the integrated automated information system "Unified Geographic Information Space of the City of Moscow" 1. General Provisions 1.1. This provision defines the structure of the integrated automated information system "Single geoinformation space of the city of Moscow", a method for approving the procedure for information interaction between state bodies and organizations (hereinafter referred to as participants in information interaction) in order to ensure intersystem exchange and access to a single geoinformation space of the city of Moscow , composition of information interaction participants, their rights and obligations. 1.2. The Integrated Automated Information System "Unified Geoinformation Space of the City of Moscow" (hereinafter - IAIS EGIP) is a state information system that provides integration and provision of geospatial data contained in the information resources of state bodies and organizations. 1.3. IAIS EGIP includes spatial data on the territory of the city of Moscow, presented in two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms, covering ground, underground and aboveground space, interconnected by a single coordinate base, which allows displaying and processing spatial objects simultaneously from different data arrays of any scale , including arrays of thematic data of various information resources. 1.4. IAIS EGIP is an integral part of the spatial data infrastructure of the city of Moscow, which is a set of urban information resources, technologies, systems, legal acts necessary for the collection, processing, updating, storage, distribution, exchange and use of spatial data and metadata. 1.5. The main objectives of the creation of IAIS EGIP are: - development of geoinformation technologies in the city of Moscow through an integrated approach to the use of spatial data and the development of integration processes; - formation and development of an information base of geospatial data for use by state authorities in their activities to develop the city of Moscow and improve the safety of the city as a whole; - improving the quality of public administration, the provision of public and other services through more efficient use of spatial data; - reduction of budget expenditures for the development and maintenance of information resources of a single geoinformation space of the city of Moscow by eliminating duplication of work on the creation and updating of spatial data. 2. Participants of information interaction 2.1. The participants of information exchange using EGIP IAIS are users and providers of information in EGIP IAIS, as well as the authorized body of EGIP IAIS (EGIP IAIS operator). 2.2. Users of information - state bodies, citizens and organizations that need specific information contained in a single geoinformation space of the city of Moscow and provided by other participants in information interaction. State authorities are users of any information contained in the IAIS EGIP (including information for official use). Citizens are users of public information contained in the IAIS EGIP. Organizations are users of information of general use contained in the IAIS EGIP, as well as, upon their request, information for official use. 2.3. Information provider - public authorities of the city of Moscow and organizations that are owners of information resources, have the necessary information and provide it to other participants in information interaction. 2.4. Authorized body IAIS EGIP (IAIS EGIP operator) is an executive body responsible for the regulated implementation of information exchange between the participants of information interaction. 3. Structure of the integrated automated information system "Unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow" 3.1. IAIS EGIP includes: 3.1.1. The system of operational access to geospatial data of the unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow is an information system intended for official use by participants in information interaction who have access to it. 3.1.2. The environment for intersystem exchange of geospatial data of the unified geoinformation space of the city of Moscow is an information system consisting of a system database of geoinformation resources and an environment for the exchange of geospatial data, including spatial data held by state authorities. 3.1.3. Automated information system "Electronic Atlas" - an information system designed to provide official geospatial data of the Government of Moscow in the public domain. 3.1.4 EGIP IAIS technology portal - an information system that provides access to EGIP IAIS geospatial data and provides a description of EGIP IAIS information resources. 3.2. Information resources of IAIS EGIP include basic spatial data and thematic (sectoral) spatial data. 3.3. The basic spatial data includes an open digital cartographic background of 1:25000 and 1:10000 scales of the Unified State Cartographic Framework of the City of Moscow (EGKO), including schemes of the administrative-territorial division of the city. 3.4. The formation and updating of the basic spatial data of the IAIS EGIP is carried out on the basis of information provided by the authorized organization for the creation and maintenance of the Unified State Cartographic Base of the City of Moscow. 3.5. The composition of thematic (sectoral) spatial data is determined by the operator of IAIS EGIP at the suggestion of information providers and is approved by the authorized body of IAIS EGIP. 4. The procedure for information interaction and the use of the components of the Common Geoinformation Space 4. 1. The procedure for information interaction between participants in information interaction is determined by the regulation of interaction approved by the authorized body of IAIS EGIP. 4.2. Intersystem exchange of geospatial data and publication of official spatial data on the official websites of state bodies in the information and telecommunication network Internet is carried out using IAIS EGIP. 4.3. Formation and updating of information resources of IAIS EGIP is carried out by the operator of IAIS EGIP on the basis of information provided by information providers, using a digital signature. 5. Rights and obligations of participants in information interaction 5.1. The authorized body of IAIS EGIP: - ensures the development of the software and hardware part of IAIS EGIP; - develops regulations for interaction between participants in information interaction; - interacts with the participants of information interaction in the framework of the implementation of this provision; - exercises control over compliance by the participants of information interaction with the requirements established by this regulation. 5.2. Operator of IAIS EGIP: - ensures the functioning of IAIS EGIP in accordance with the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of information, information technologies and information protection, as well as the requirements established by the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation ; - ensures the functioning of IAIS EGIP around the clock; - carries out the formation and updating of spatial data based on the information provided by the participants of information interaction; - ensures the integrity and availability of EGIP IAIS data for participants in information interaction; - maintains retrospective data; - carries out accounting registration of participants in information interaction and provides them with access to IAIS EGIP; - provides consulting support to the participants of information interaction on the use of IAIS EGIP. Separate functions of the IAIS EGIP operator can be transferred to a body or organization by decision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the city of Moscow. The operator of IAIS EGIP is not responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the information provided by the information providers. 5.3. Information provider: - carries out the formation and maintenance of the thematic component of IAIS EGIP; - ensures the reliability and completeness of the information provided; - complies with the requirements and rules for maintaining and using EGIP IAIS data. 5.4. User of IAIS EGIP: - provides access to IAIS EGIP in accordance with the established rules of interaction; - sends proposals to the IAIS EGIP operator to change the procedure for providing information; - complies with the requirements of operational documentation on the use of IAIS EGIP data; - complies with the requirements of the legislation on the protection of information of limited access and ensuring the information security of information transmitted using IAIS EGIP.

S. A. Zubkov

Tell me, please, where should I go from this?

It depends a lot on where you want to go, - answered the cat.

Yes, I practically do not care, - began Alice

Then it doesn't matter where you go, - said the cat.

Just to get somewhere, - Alice explained.

Don’t worry, you will definitely get somewhere, - the cat said, - it goes without saying, if you don’t stop halfway.

(L. Carroll, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland")

Unlike the main character of the well-known work of L. Carroll, the experts of the Moscow IT Department, who take part in the formation of the geographic information space of the city, have knowledge of where they want to go. But first things first.

Work on the formation of the Unified Geographic Information Space (EGIP) of Moscow is carried out as part of the implementation of the National Program of Moscow "Information City (2012-2016)". Projects aimed at the development of EGIP are among the priority ones within the framework of the activities of the subprogram "Development of information and communication developments to increase the quality of life in the city of Moscow and create favorable conditions for doing business."

In accordance with paragraph 1.2 of the order of the Moscow City Hall dated March 20, 2012 No. 120-RP “On the integrated automated data processing system “Unified Geographic Information Space of Moscow”, EGIP is a “national information set that provides the provision and integration of geospatial data contained in information resources authorities of organizations and the city of Moscow. It is worth mentioning right away that the task of bringing order to the sectoral geodatabases (GDB) and ensuring their provision as part of the activities to form a unified open data urban platform is only the first stage in the development of the geoinformation space of the capital.

Ideologically, EGIP should imagine an n-dimensional array of events, the sequential and / or parallel origin of which is capable of forming a business or technological process for obtaining, applying and processing geodata in the framework of providing national favors to organizations and citizens; interdepartmental cooperation of the accurate authorities (OIV) of Moscow; quality control of favors aimed at ensuring the quality of security and improving the life of the city's population; development of transport, cultural and leisure and physical culture and sports infrastructures; increasing the level of accessibility of municipal infrastructure for people with limited mobility; environmental protection and more. others

Each event in EGIP can be described by a set of values for six main dimensions:

functional:
geodata (sectoral, citywide);
geodata providers (OIV, external organizations);
consumers of geodata (citizens, OIV, external organizations);
supplying:
Software (GIS servers, web clients, mobile applications);
objects of system and technical infrastructure (servers, data storages, data transmission channels);
geodata transfer mechanisms (web services, files, geodata replicas).

Once again, I note that the main goal of the development of the EGIP is the formation of a geoinformation space that is optimal in terms of density and composition of events, allowing to provide geoinformation assistance to existing processes for providing services to organizations and the population of the city, and allowing to develop new sets and processes of favors based on geodata.

As mentioned above, within the framework of the first stage (2012–2013) of the formation of geoinformation space, all forces were thrown into the study of sectoral geodatabases in terms of storage structures, duplication, the quality of topological links, and thematic classification. Experts from the Moscow IT Department, together with the OIV involved and other project participants, managed to put together a large array of industry data, extract citywide geodata on their basis, coordinate and approve the first version of the thematic classifier in the Mayor's Office and the Moscow City Hall.

At the moment, seventeen permanent thematic categories have been identified, and separate categories of seasonal data. Most of the collected data (about 200 layers) is currently available to citizens in public access using the first version of the citywide interactive geo-information resource "Electronic Atlas of Moscow" (eatlas.mos.ru).

Any user of the resource has the opportunity to assist us in correcting the data by sending a message using ergonomic forms (Fig. 1a, 1b).

Rice. 1. Forms of appeal

Realizing that separate geodata, no matter how correct they may be, will be of little help to ordinary citizens, within the framework of the second stage of the development of the EGIP (2013–2014), the main emphasis will be placed on the development of geoservices. In addition to basic services (ergonomic combined search by location and address, routing), the Electronic Atlas will provide data on the accessibility of municipal infrastructure facilities for people with limited mobility.

Integration with the portal of national favors is already underway, and in the near future the function of enrolling in other services and sports sections of main and additional education will become cheaper. Users of the resource will have a cheap service for viewing city panoramas. On behalf of the head of the state administration of the city of Moscow, an English version of the resource will be prepared in the near future.

In 2014, the first mobile version of the Electronic Atlas of Moscow will also be released.

no less serious area of development of EGIP until 2014 will remain geoinformation support for the disclosure of thematic industry databases of municipal facilities and the involvement of third-party applications and developers of services based on this data.

Now about those who are otherwise "barricades" - about data providers. In order to integrate existing industry-specific geoinformation sets, to provide the means of maintaining and generating geodata for those OIVs that previously did not have such, within the framework of the first stage of the development of the EGIP, the “System of timely access to geospatial data of the Unified Geoinformation Space of Moscow” was created. The main task of this EGIP resource is to provide experts of the IIR-providers of geodata with the means of editing and creating spatial attributes of geodata, and giving them legal significance with the help of an electronic signature of an important person.

Within the framework of the second stage of EGIP development, this resource will not be left without attention and will be significantly improved in terms of API development, visual presentation functions and editing extensions, formation of geoanalysis mechanisms and preparation of complex cartographic reports.

Everything that was written above concerns the functional architecture of Moscow's geoinformation space. These transformations, of course, are not likely without important transformations at the second levels of architecture. The target architecture of the EGIP is shown in fig. 2.

Rice. 2. Scheme of the target architecture of IAIS EGIP

As a result, the following main activities are planned within the framework of the upcoming development of the EGIP in terms of applied and system-technical architecture:

transition from a good 3-layer enterprise IS model of a large enterprise, used to respond to the tasks of the first stage as quickly as possible, to responses based on ESB and SOA;
transition to providing resources based on cloud computing models - PaaS, SaaS, DaaS;
the formation of a full-fledged program-management of the complex and technical analysis to be directed.

An integral part of the development of the EGIP architecture is the management of mechanisms and the formation of an analysis of the transformations of the EGIP architecture, which includes the following works:

determining the composition of the value attributes for each dimension;
developing a summary measure of value attributes for each dimension (to sort values);
formation of target values for each dimension;
development of methods for optimizing the EGIP architecture:
method of formation of weight coefficients of events;
method for optimizing values by dimensions for a group of events and a single event (business or production process);
method of attribute values and determination of composition for each dimension;
development of a method for forming a sequence of events (business or production process) of the EGIP, which supplies the fulfillment of requirements for the provision of services.

no less serious nuance of the formation of the EGIP of Moscow is the high-quality regulatory and legal support. In this part, it is planned to introduce transformations into the current regulations of the Government of Moscow and legal acts of the mayor, and the development of regulations and new resolutions establishing the rules for information cooperation in EGIP.

Particular attention at this stage will be given to the proposals of the Commission of the Expert Council under the Government of the Russian Federation on the use of remote sensing data of the soil in the Russian Federation. Several council of experts was established at the end of the report of the head of the state administration of the city of Moscow SS Sobyanin at a meeting of the presidium of the council for innovative development and modernization of the economy.