Where is Yelatma located? Kasimovsky municipal district of the Ryazan region

Novgorod legend Yes, there were executions of the people ... For six weeks the ends are burning! Back to Moscow on their march The tsarist archers gathered. To make the people laugh, the numb Ivan sent the bishop, So that, sitting on a white filly, He beat the tambourines and amused. And the Novgorodians, without a word, looked

The intensification of class contradictions in Novgorod was influenced by the Moscow and Pskov uprisings of 1648 and 1650. The struggle between the "best" and the "lesser" flared up with particular force in Novgorod in 1649 when choosing delegates to the Zemsky Sobor. As a result, two representatives were elected to the council from Novgorod - one from the "best", the other from the "youngest". The immediate reason for the uprising was the export of grain to Sweden. Russian ambassadors in Sweden in 1649 agreed to pay 190 thousand rubles in favor of Sweden as compensation for defectors from the regions captured by Sweden from Russia. Part of the established amount had to be paid in rye, which was allowed to be purchased in Priilmenye. Bread prices have risen sharply. Merchants and feudal lords were enriched, and the working people were starving.

The uprising began on March 15, 1650. Posad people gathered at the zemstvo hut on the Trade side. The initiator of the uprising was the shoemaker Elisha Lisitsa. He set the people against the Stoyanovs, saying publicly that the "guest" Semyon Stoyanov was smuggling bread and meat abroad. Outraged by the actions of the Stoyanovs, a large crowd of "young" townspeople gathered near the zemstvo hut, which moved to the Stone Town - detinets. The rebels removed the guards at the gate and struck the alarm bell. Archers joined the townspeople.

A trusted person of the Stoyanovs reported about the uprising in Moscow in the name of Vasily Stoyanov: “... Yes, Vasily Gavrilovich, your house was plundered by archers and Cossacks and townspeople, as soon as Anna Maksimovna left with your children ... And your family, Vasily Gavrilovich, in the middle of nowhere, is still alive, lies at the priest's place in Mikhaila's tayu, does not dare to live in his own yard, and the mansions have broken everything ... Yes, there is a rumor in the world that they wanted to rob the shop and Semyon Ivanovich's Settlement ... " Late Novgorod chronicles of the 17th century also mentioned the ruin of the yards of wealthy merchants Mikhail Vyazmin, Vasily Varvarin, Vasily Proezzhalov, Andrey Zemskov. Semyon Stoyanov managed to escape and tried to get to Moscow. Streltsy and Cossacks rushed after him, overtook him 300 miles from Novgorod and brought him back.

On March 16, on the second day after the start of the uprising, the rebels broke into the courtyard of Metropolitan Nikon, freed two prisoners - Ivan Zheglov and Ignatius Molodozhnin - and put them at the head of the Novgorod Zemstvo hut. Novgorod governor Khilkov hid in the metropolitan courtyard.
Although the uprising was started by the townspeople, it gained real scope after the archers went over to the side of the people.
The rebels were opposed by the nobles, the clergy, the archery authorities and the "best" townspeople. The clergy were a direct accomplice of the governor in suppressing the uprising. Governor Khilkov and Metropolitan Nikon maintained contact with Moscow with the help of clerics.
On March 17, Nikon cursed Zheglov and all the rebels. Having learned about this, on March 19, the rebels, led by Ivan Zheglov, at the signal of the alarm, went to the metropolitan court. Nikon tried to calm the rebels, but was beaten by them.
In Novgorod, as it were, two governments were formed: one on the Sofia side, the other on the Torgovaya side, in the zemstvo hut. At that time, the power in the city was in the hands of the rebels. The main role in the uprising began to be played by the secular assembly and the zemstvo hut. The supreme power, thus, passed to the secular gathering - a meeting of Novgorod residents, primarily townspeople and archers. Gathering a secular gathering, they sounded the alarm on the city tower or at the Nikolsky Cathedral in the Courtyard. There, on the ancient square, where the veche of Novgorodians once roared, the rebels gathered. Sometimes a secular gathering took place at the congregation hut, at such meetings general issues were resolved.
The government formed after the uprising included Ivan Zheglov, Ignaty Molodozhnin, Ivan Olovyanichnik, Elisey Lisitsa, and Nikifor Khamov from the "best" Novgorod people.
Ivan Zheglov played an important role in the government. By the time Nikon arrived in Novgorod, Ivan Zheglov was the butler of the Sophia House - the first person after the metropolitan, in whose hands were all the ways of managing the possessions of the St. Sophia Cathedral. Nikon did not get along with Zheglov. By the beginning of the uprising, Zheglov was taken into custody. The persecution and arrest of Zheglov made him popular among the people, so he led the uprising. But the true leader of the "lesser" townspeople was Elisha Lisitsa. He led the people to the Stone City. The fox participated in the defeat of the court of Stoyanov and other rich Novgorodians. He called for open resistance to the tsarist troops and for joining the rebellious Pskov.
The outcome of the uprising was negatively affected by the fact that in the zemstvo hut there were not ordinary archers, but the so-called Pentecostals, that is, the archery elite.
Moscow learned about the uprising in Novgorod on March 20. On the same day, the government sent a detachment led by Prince Khovansky. Khovansky had insignificant forces at his disposal. He pinned his main hopes on the nobles and boyars, who were supposed to join the detachment on the way. According to the royal decree, Khovansky had to go by a roundabout way - to Krestsy, Staraya Russa, Korostyn, Mshaga, in order to cut off Novgorod from Pskov. Khovansky changed his route and moved to Novgorod by the main road from the Cross, through Bronnitsy.
Zheglov not only was not going to defend the city against Khovansky, but he himself was ready to join his army. Carefully hiding his plan from the rebellious Novgorodians, Zheglov sent a letter to Khovansky, in which he expressed complete obedience to him.
The rebellious Novgorodians hoped for help from Pskov as a last resort in case the uprising failed. Elisey Lisitsa, who led a group of supporters of stubborn resistance to the Khovan and tsarist government, said in the Zemstvo hut: "We will not let the boyar Prince Khovansky into the city."
Novgorodians prepared for the defense of the city. Expecting a siege, they intended to move from a wooden small earthen city to a stone citadel, and take bread from the royal and metropolitan granaries. The rebels had high hopes for their petitions sent to Moscow. These hopes were hypocritically supported by many opponents of the uprising in order to lull the vigilance of the rebels. Nikon himself convinced them of the possibility of royal mercy and, through the city priests, campaigned for an end to the uprising.
Nikon and Khovansky managed to separate the archers and the "smaller" townspeople. The split among the rebels weakened their strength and decided the outcome of the uprising. On April 13, Khovansky entered Novgorod with his detachment. The uprising was put down.

From April 24 to May 7, a search was made for the rebels. Out of 190 people, 30 were found.
They learned about the suppression of the Novgorod uprising in Pskov, but this news caused a completely different action that the government had expected. The Pskovites were preparing a strong rebuff to Khovansky.
Peasant uprisings, which coincided with the uprising in Pskov, engulfed a number of counties and almost the entire Shelon Pyatina, posed a particular danger to the government. The peasants burned the houses of the nobility, forcing the landlords to leave their estates, and together with the Pskov archers attacked the troops of Khovansky.
Although the uprising of 1650 in Novgorod and Pskov was suppressed, it was unsettled there for a long time.

Novgorod uprising of 1650, anti-feudal urban uprising. Causes I. century. lurked in the exacerbation of class antagonism between the feudal-serf state and the bulk of the townspeople (artisans, small traders), archers and other service people "according to the instrument", in the strengthening of the contradictions between the wealthy merchants and the lower strata of the townspeople. The reason for the uprising was the government speculation in grain, associated with the purchase of bread for Sweden in the cities bordering it, due to which the price of bread rose, and the discontent of the people intensified. N. in. broke out on March 15, when, after a peaceful gathering at the zemstvo hut (the building that housed the zemstvo self-government body), the townspeople (later joined by ordinary archers) captured the Novgorod Kremlin (stone city) and actually removed the voivode F. I. Khilkov from power and orders. In the next 2 days, the courtyards of the Novgorod guests (merchants) Stoyanovs and the wealthiest citizens associated with them (V. Nikiforov, M. Vyazma, etc.) were defeated. The rebels, having removed the former elders from power, chose a new composition of the pit hut, at the head of which they put I. Zheglov, who was released from prison, the former butler of the Metropolitan of Novgorod. By orders of the insurgent authorities, foreign diplomatic and trade agents who were in Novgorod were arrested and searched (among the rebels there were rumors about the export of bread, meat, etc. by traitors, guests), entry and exit from the city was strictly controlled (in order to interrupt the attempts of secret relations of the voivode with Moscow), detachments were equipped to arrest people who had fled from Novgorod, intercept governments, messengers and the “monetary treasury” sent by Moscow’s government for settlements with Sweden. On March 21, the rebels arrested the tsarist representative Y. Solovtsov, and a little later sent a petition to Moscow with a number of demands. However, the actions of the leaders of N. century. were distinguished by inconsistency: representatives of the secular and spiritual authorities were not arrested, in fact, the top archers and townspeople received freedom of action, effective contacts were not established with the rebels of Pskov, preparations were not made to repel the onslaught of governments, troops led by Prince. I. N. Khovansky, who were sent from Moscow on March 20. As a result, the moderate strata gained predominance in the rebel camp (the radical group of the rebels offered to sit under siege, and in case of defeat, retreat to Pskov). This, as well as the betrayal of Zheglov and some other rebel leaders (they entered into secret relations with Khovansky at his approach) led to the defeat of N. in. Having stood at the walls of Novgorod for 2 days, on April 13. the royal detachment, without meeting resistance, occupied the city. Arrests and repressions against the rebels took on a wide scope from the end of April, after the gathering of the local noble militia in Novgorod: one of the rebels was executed, 5 were sentenced to death, St. 300 people arrested. But on the eve of the attack on the insurgent Pskov, the government did not dare to carry out the massacre to the end. After the suppression of the uprising in Pskov, the authorities sent the active participants in the N. v. into exile.

Used materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia in 8 volumes, volume 5.

Literature:

Tikhomirov M. H. Class struggle in Russia in the 17th century. M., 1969, p. 139-169.

The reason for the start of the Novgorod uprising was the increase in the price of bread, due to large grain purchases carried out at that time to fulfill the government's obligation to supply grain to Sweden as compensation for defectors from the territories occupied by the Swedes. Participants in the uprising (artisans, part of the archers and the urban poor) in mid-March 1650 removed the governor of Novgorod - the roundabout Fyodor Khilkov from power and defeated the courtyards of many wealthy citizens.

The rebels elected zemstvo elders and put the metropolitan clerk I. Zheglov at the head of the city self-government, and the Novgorod metropolitan Nikon on March 19 was beaten by a crowd for cursing the newly elected rulers of the city from the church pulpit on March 17.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

• Novgorod bus
• Nowe Zamky (district)

See what the "Novgorod uprising" is in other dictionaries:

NOVGOROD UPRISING- 1071 was headed by a sorcerer. Defending the bishop, Prince Gleb Svyatoslavich killed the sorcerer and pacified the uprising ...

NOVGOROD UPRISING- military settlers of the Novgorod province., July 1831. It began with a cholera riot in St. Rousse. The rebels dealt with the authorities, destroyed the landowners' estates. Suppressed by the troops. Over 4.5 thousand people were brought to the military court ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

NOVGOROD UPRISING- 1136 with the participation of Ladoga and Pskov, was the most important stage in the formation of the Novgorod Republic ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

NOVGOROD UPRISING- 1650 caused by the growth of taxes, abuses of the administration and grain speculation of large merchants. The rebels (lower and middle strata of the townspeople, archers) established elective power in mid-March, confiscated the property of large merchants. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

NOVGOROD UPRISING- 864 semi-legendary, against Prince Rurik and his squad, led by Vadim the Brave. Suppressed by the Varangians... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Novgorod uprising- performance of military settlers of the Novgorod province in July 1831. It began with a "cholera riot" in Staraya Russa. The rebels dealt with the authorities, destroyed the landowners' estates. Suppressed by the troops. Over 4.5 thousand people were brought to the military court ... encyclopedic Dictionary

NOVGOROD Uprising of 1650- NOVGOROD UPRISING of 1650, urban uprising in Russia in the middle of the 17th century. The reason for its beginning was the increase in the price of bread, which arose due to large government purchases of grain. The rebellious artisans, part of the archers, the city ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

NOVGOROD Uprising of 1071- THE NOVGOROD UPRISING of 1071, the performance of the Novgorodians against the Christian religion. Around 1071, a sorcerer appeared in Novgorod (see MAGICIANS (in Russia)), who "blasphemed the Christian faith", called to kill the bishop. Maintaining faith in the old gods... encyclopedic Dictionary

NOVGOROD Uprising of 864- THE NOVGOROD UPRISING of 864, the legendary performance of the Novgorodians under the leadership of Vadim the Brave against Prince Rurik (see RURIK (prince)) and his squad. Having settled in Novgorod, Rurik sent his husbands to the cities of the Novgorod land, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

NOVGOROD UPRISING 1650- THE NOVGOROD UPRISING of 1650, the name of the mass action in Novgorod of the lower and middle strata of the townspeople and archers, accepted in historical literature. Caused by tax increases, abuses of the administration and grain speculation of large ... ... Russian history