State eye. Secret diplomacy and intelligence in the service of Russia


Emelyan Ignatievich Ukrainians
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1689 - 1697
Monarch:	Ivan V, Peter I
Predecessor:	Vasily Vasilievich Golitsyn
Successor:	Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin

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Emelyan Ignatievich Ukrainians ( (1641 ) - September 12, Eger, Hungary) - Russian statesman, diplomat, Duma clerk, envoy of the Russian state in Sweden, Denmark, Holland, ambassador to Turkey, Poland, head of the Ambassadorial order (-).

Biography

Emelyan Ignatievich Ukraintsev was born in 1641 into a family of small estate nobles.

In 1672-1673, he carried out the task of attracting Sweden, Denmark and Holland to the war with Turkey on the side of Russia.

In 1677 he was sent as a second ambassador to Warsaw.

In 1679 and 1685, he conducted secret negotiations with the Little Russian Hetman Samoylovich to clarify his position regarding the alliance with Poland and the war with Turkey. In 1680 he negotiated the same subject in Warsaw.

In 1681 he received the title of Duma clerk.

In 1682, he participated in the drafting of an act on the destruction of localism. During the reign of Sophia, Ukrainians managed to acquire the favor of Prince Golitsyn and, yielding to him the primacy in the Ambassadorial order, was actually in charge of affairs. Participated in the preparation and conclusion of the Andrusov Peace and all subsequent Russian-Polish negotiations, which culminated in the signing of the "Eternal Peace" of 1686.

In 1687, Ukrainians participated in the Crimean campaign and in the overthrow of Hetman Samoylovich.

In 1689 he fled from the Crimeans together with Golitsyn. After the fall of Golitsyn, Ukrainians joined his opponents, became the head of the Ambassadorial Department and retained this title for about 10 years.

Among the ships that left Voronezh to accompany the diplomatic mission were the ships "Power", "Open Gates", "Color of War", "Scorpion" and "Mercury".

The conclusion of a peace treaty between Russia and Turkey was actively impeded by the ambassadors of England and Holland. Despite this, he achieved significant success - the Turks refused in favor of Russia from Azov and the lands adjacent to it, as well as from Russia's annual payment of cash payments to the Crimean Khan. The diplomatic art of E. I. Ukraintsev and the Treaty of Constantinople concluded by him in 1700 were highly appreciated by Peter I and was granted by the Duma Councilor.

Upon his return to Russia, he received control of the Provisional Order from 1701-1706. But he was not completely removed from diplomatic affairs. In 1704, E. Ukraintsev traveled to Ukraine to demarcate a new border with Turkey.

In 1707-1708, together with Prince VL Dolgoruky, he was Russia's envoy to Poland.

In 1704, for greed, he was beaten in Preobrazhensky with a oak tree, and he was ordered to make an epanchi and 1,400 hats for the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments. And after that, however, he carried out assignments for the diplomatic part.

In 1708, in order to reconcile the leader of the Hungarian uprising, Prince Rakoczy with the Austrian Emperor Joseph I, he was sent to Hungary, where he died on September 12 (23).

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Notes

Literature

Belokurov S. A. About the Ambassadorial order. - M., 1906.
Bogoyavlensky S.K. Writ judges of the 17th century. - M.-L. , 1946.
Bogoslovsky M. M. Peter I. Materials for a biography. - T. 5. Embassy of E. I. Ukraintsev to Constantinople 1699-1700. - M., 1948.
Guskov A. G. From Andrussovo to Eger: 45 years in the service of the Fatherland (Essays on the life of E. I. Ukraintsev) // Collection of the Russian Historical Society. - T. 9 (157). - M ., 2003. - S. 293-308.

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After a very unusual "splash" of temperature, which occurred after returning home from the "floors", nothing special happened to me for several days. I felt great, except for the fact that the thought of a girl with purple eyes relentlessly stirred up my overexcited brain, clung to every, even absurd thought, how and where I could find it again ... Many times returning to Mental , I tried to find Weyin's world, which we had seen earlier, but it seemed that now forever lost Weyin's world - everything was in vain ... The girl disappeared, and I had no idea where to look for her ...
A week has passed. The first frosts have already hit in the yard. Going out into the street, the cold air was still unusually breathtaking, and the eyes were watering from the brightly blinding winter sun. Timidly dusting the bare branches of the trees with fluffy flakes, the first snow fell. And in the mornings, painting the windows with bizarre patterns, playfully walked, gleaming with frozen blue puddles, cheerful Grandfather Frost. Slowly winter is coming...
I was sitting at home, leaning against a warm stove (our house was still heated by stoves at that time) and calmly enjoying reading the next “novelty”, when I suddenly felt the already familiar tingling in my chest, in the same place where the purple crystal was. I raised my head - huge, slanting violet eyes were seriously looking at me ... She calmly stood in the middle of the room, just as surprisingly fragile and unusual, and held out a wonderful red flower in her tiny palm. My first panicked thought was to quickly close the door so that, God forbid, no one came in!..
“Don’t, no one can see me but you anyway,” the girl said calmly.
Her thoughts sounded very unusual in my brain, as if someone was not quite correctly translating someone else's speech. But, nevertheless, I understood it perfectly.
- You were looking for me - why? – carefully looking into my eyes, Veya asked.
Her gaze was also very unusual - as if, together with her gaze, she simultaneously conveyed images that I had never seen, and whose meaning, unfortunately, I still did not understand.
– And so? - Smiling, asked the "star" baby.
Something “flashed” in my head... and a breathtaking vision of a completely alien, but extraordinarily beautiful world opened up... Apparently the one in which she once lived. This world was somewhat similar to the one we had already seen (which she created for herself on the “floors”), and yet, something slightly different, as if I were looking at a painted picture, and now I suddenly saw this picture in reality. ..
Above the emerald-green, very “juicy” earth, illuminating everything around with an unusual bluish light, a stunningly beautiful and bright, violet-blue sun was cheerfully rising ... It was an alien, apparently alien, morning ... of the sun's rays falling on her, sparkled with golden-violet diamonds of the "local" morning dew, and, happily washing herself with them, prepared for the coming new wonderful day ... Everything around was fragrant with incredibly rich colors, too bright for ours, accustomed to everything "earthly" , eye. In the distance, across the sky covered with a golden haze, almost “dense”, soft pink curly clouds swirled, like beautiful pink pillows. Suddenly, from the opposite side, the sky flashed brightly with gold.... I turned around, and froze in surprise - on the other hand, an incredibly huge, golden-pink, second sun rose regally!.. It was much larger than the first, and it seemed to be larger than itself planets... But its rays, unlike the first, for some reason shone incomparably softer and more affectionately, resembling a warm "fluffy" hug... It seemed that this huge kind luminary was already tired of everyday worries, but still out of habit gave this incredibly beautiful planet, its last warmth and, already “going to rest”, gladly gave way to the young, “biting” sun, which had just begun its celestial journey and shone brightly and cheerfully, not being afraid to spill its young heat, generously flooding light all around.
Looking around in surprise, I suddenly noticed a bizarre phenomenon - the plants had a second shadow ... And for some reason it contrasted very sharply with the illuminated part - as if the chiaroscuro was painted with bright, flashy colors, sharply opposite to each other. In the shadowy part, the air shimmered with bright miniature stars that flared with the slightest movement. It was crazy beautiful... and extraordinarily interesting. The awakened magical world sounded with thousands of unfamiliar voices, as if joyfully announcing its happy awakening to the entire universe. I felt very strongly, almost in reality, how incredibly clean the air was here! It was fragrant, filled with surprisingly pleasant, unfamiliar smells, which somehow subtly resembled the smells of roses, if there were a thousand different varieties of them at the same time. Everywhere, as far as the eye could see, there were the same bright red, huge “poppies” ... And then I just remembered that Veya had brought me the same flower! I extended my hand to her - the flower smoothly flowed from her fragile palm to my palm, and suddenly, something strongly “clicked” in my chest ... I was surprised to see how millions of unprecedented fantastic shades on my chest opened up and sparkled amazing crystal... It pulsated and changed all the time, as if showing what else it could be. I froze in shock, completely mesmerized by the spectacle that opened up, and could not take my eyes off the beauty that was opening up in a new way...

UKRAINTSEV EMELYAN IGNATIEVICH

Ukraintsev (Emelyan Ignatievich) - Councilor of the Duma; entered the service of a clerk in the Posolsky order and from 1665 traveled several times with embassies to Poland, Sweden, Denmark and Holland. In 1675 he was promoted to clerk and signed, together with the boyar Matveev, an obligation with the Austrian-Caesar ambassadors regarding the title of Russian sovereigns. When Matveev fell into disgrace in 1676, Ukrainians took part in managing the affairs of the Posolsky Prikaz; in 1677 he was sent as a second ambassador to Warsaw; in 1679 he went to the Little Russian hetman Samoylovich for a meeting on the account of actions against the Turks; in 1680 he negotiated the same subject in Warsaw; in 1681 he received the title of Dumny clerk; in 1682 he participated in the drafting of an act on the destruction of localism. During the reign of Sophia, Ukrainians managed to acquire the favor of Prince Golitsyn and, yielding to him the primacy in the Ambassadorial order, was actually in charge of affairs. In 1687, Ukrainians participated in the Crimean campaign and in the overthrow of Hetman Samoylovich; in 1689 he fled from the Crimeans together with Golitsyn. After the fall of Golitsyn, Ukrainians joined his opponents, became the head of the Ambassadorial Department and retained this title for about 10 years. In 1699, Ukrainians was appointed ambassador to Constantinople, and on July 3, 1700, he concluded peace with the Porte for 30 years, for which he was granted the Councilor of the Duma. Upon his return to Russia, he received control of the Provisional Order. In 1704, for greed, he was beaten in Preobrazhensky with a oak tree, and he was ordered to make an epanchi and 1,400 hats for the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments. And after that, however, he carried out assignments for the diplomatic part. In 1707 he was a commissar at the Lublin Diet. He died in 1708 in Hungary during an embassy to Prince Rakoczi.

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

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E. I. Ukraintsev

Emelyan Ignatievich Ukraintsev was born in 1641. In the 60s. 17th century he begins diplomatic service in the Posolsky Prikaz. In 1667 he took part in the conclusion of the Andrusov Treaty and in all subsequent Polish-Russian negotiations. In 1686, the Duma clerk Yemelyan Ukraintsev was included in the representative delegation, which signed the "eternal peace" with Poland in the Kremlin. The treaty secured for Russia the Left-Bank Ukraine, Kyiv and Zaporozhye, which created a stronghold for the struggle for access to the Black Sea. In addition, the "Eternal Peace" became the basis for the creation in 1699 of the Northern Union, directed against Sweden.

After the signing of the Andrusovo Peace Treaty, neither Russia nor the Commonwealth succeeded in persuading Turkey to join the treaty. Turkey's position remained openly hostile. In the spring of 1672, over 300,000 Turkish troops crossed the Danube. In response, the Don Cossacks entered the Sea of Azov and attacked the Crimea, while the Cossacks attacked Perekop from the north. But Russia did not limit itself to retaliatory military measures. In the conditions of the outbreak of war, the head of the Ambassadorial Department, A. S. Matveev, sent Russian diplomats to all neighboring Christian countries with a proposal for an anti-Turkish alliance. Yemelyan Ukraintsev in 1672–1673 was sent with this proposal to the Swedish, Danish and Dutch governments. But here the idea of an anti-Turkish alliance was not supported.

The predatory aspirations of Turkey were explained not only by the Andrusov Treaty, but also by the real state of affairs in Ukraine. The treaty did not bring peace to Ukrainian lands. And on the left, which had gone to Russia, and on the right, which remained in the Commonwealth, the banks of the Dnieper were continuous Cossack-peasant uprisings. Most of all, the population of Left-Bank Ukraine was dissatisfied with the attempts of the Russian government to curtail the political autonomy of Ukraine and the interference of Russian governors in local affairs. The Moscow government tried to resolve the conflict through peaceful political measures.

In 1672, Ivan Samoylovich, a staunch supporter of the Russian protectorate, was elected the new hetman of the Left-Bank Ukraine at the Rada. In 1679 and 1685 E. I. Ukraintsev traveled to Baturyn for secret negotiations with the hetman. The purpose of the trip was to find out Samoylovich's attitude towards the alliance with Poland and the war with Turkey. With the permission of Moscow, Samoilovich had the right to conduct his own foreign policy. The restoration of almost full autonomy of the Left-Bank Ukraine strengthened its unity with Russia. Russian diplomacy hoped to consolidate this unity by pursuing a common foreign policy.

Russia at that time was preparing for the conclusion of an "eternal peace" with the Commonwealth and the resumption of war with Turkey. Samoilovich, on the other hand, was more inclined towards the idea of peace with the Port. Turkey at that time was not interested in a war with Russia. Turkish diplomacy tried to prevent it from joining the anti-Ottoman alliance created in 1683 by the Polish king Jan Sobieski. Samoylovich considered it quite possible to "enter into an agreement" with Turkey. He counted "to pronounce from her lands from the Dnieper to the Dniester, or at least to the Bug." These lands were to fall under his control as hetman. The signing of the "eternal peace" with Poland, Samoylovich also did not approve, especially since the Commonwealth did not agree to recognize the right bank of the Dnieper, which formally belonged to Turkey, for Russia. Nevertheless, despite the differences, Samoylovich promised Ukraintsev to support Russia.

In 1675, Yemelyan Ukraintsev received the title of deacon, and in 1681 the title of duma deacon. In 1689–1699 Ukrainians led the Ambassadorial Order and participated in the implementation of the first important diplomatic acts of Peter I, in the preparation (1696–1697) of the Great Embassy. The embassy was tasked with preserving and revitalizing the activities of the Holy League, and, if possible, expanding its membership.

Contrary to custom, the embassy received not one, but two instructions. The first order was drawn up by the head of the Ambassadorial Prikaz, Yemelyan Ukraintsev, and dealt with the problems of diplomacy. The second was personally compiled by Peter I. It dealt with the rules for hiring sailors, purchasing marine equipment and arming ships. In the mandate of Ukraintsev, much attention was paid to protocol issues: who should pay the first visit to the host country; sitting or standing, the neighboring sovereign should ask about the health of the king; if a foreign sovereign arranges a feast in honor of Russian ambassadors, then diplomats from other countries should not be at the feast. The ambassador was instructed to ensure that the clerks and translators “We would sit at the table decorously and cautiously, would not get drunk and would not say unsuitable words among ourselves”.

But the main goal of the embassy was formulated by Emelyan Ignatievich Ukraintsev as "confirmation of ancient friendship and love for the common deeds of all Christianity to weaken the enemies of the Cross of the Lord, Saltan of Tur, the Crimean Khan and all the Busurman hordes".

In 1699, Ukrainians was instructed to negotiate a peace treaty with Turkey. Preparing for the war with Sweden, Peter I ordered Ukraintsev to make peace with the Porte by the new year 1700. In September 1699, Yemelyan Ukraintsev arrived in Constantinople on the Russian warship Fortress. During the negotiations, Ukrainians encountered numerous difficulties. From Constantinople he wrote to Peter: “The ambassadors of the English and Dutch hold the Turkish side firmly in everything and want more for them all good than for you, great sovereign. The English and Dutch ship trade in the Turan state has long been very rich and rich, and that you, sovereign, have got a sea ship building and sailing under the Azov and near the Arkhangelsk city, they envy and hate that, they tea themselves from that in their sea trade of a great hindrance ". However, Peter urged him to sign the peace: “Just make peace. Zelo, Zelo needed.

Emelyan Ukraintsev launched an active recruitment of informants and bribery of Turkish officials. He established contact with the Jerusalem Patriarch and with the influential Serb Savva Raguzinsky, from whom he received important information about the internal situation of Turkey and the intentions of Turkish diplomats. Ukrainians complained to the tsar that the Turks “they act in contracts very craftily, with great fiction and continuation”, i.e., wires. Nevertheless, he managed to achieve not only the refusal of the Porte from Azov and the lands adjacent to it, but also the recognition of the coastal cities newly built by the Russians on these lands, which the Turks demanded to destroy. At the insistence of Ukraintsev, Turkey was forced to agree to the abolition of annual gifts to the Crimean Khan, humiliating for Russia. The peace treaty was signed on July 3, 1700 for a period of 30 years. Although it was not possible to fulfill the order within the time specified by Peter, the tsar highly appreciated the Peace of Constantinople and the diplomatic skill of Yemelyan Ukraintsev. For his merit as an ambassador, Ukrainians received in 1702 a patrimony in the Kashirsky district as a reward from Peter I.

The Peace of Constantinople became an important frontier in Russian-Crimean relations. Under the terms of the peace, Russia not only stopped the annual sending of "commemoration" to the Crimean Khan, but also interrupted official diplomatic relations with him. Now officially Russia did not recognize the khan as a full-fledged ruler, but considered him a vassal of the Turkish sultan. Relations with the Crimean Khan were practically transferred to the Ukrainian hetman I.S. Mazepa. In 1705, the hetman, together with E. I. Ukraintsev, carried out a demarcation (demarcation of the border) with the khanate.

In 1706, the Polish king August II signed the Treaty of Altranstadt with Sweden. After the betrayal of August II, the entire burden of the war fell on the shoulders of Russia alone. In this situation, Peter I decided to look for a new candidate for the Polish throne. Among the candidates were Yakov Sobessky, the son of Jan Sobessky, and Prince Rakoczy of Semigrad. But negotiations with them did not give the desired results. Russian diplomacy had no choice but to do everything possible to keep in their hands the influence on the Polish public - the gentry. To this end, Peter decided to strengthen intelligence and diplomatic activities in Poland. The new head of the Ambassadorial Department G. I. Golovkin successfully negotiated with the embassy of the general confederation from Lvov, who came to St. Petersburg to demand money and the return of Ukrainian territories to Poland. Peter ordered Golovkin not to skimp on money and not to bargain over territories, but to postpone discussion of this issue. In 1707, Golovkin sent Emelyan Ukraintsev to Lublin, who already had sufficient experience in intelligence work.

Ukrainians brought with him a secret fund to pay for the Polish agents and immediately put it into action. He reported that he had paid "secretly at night" the salary of Primate Xebek, Bishop of Kujawski and Crown Sub-Chancellor.

But not all Polish magnates were so complaisant. Some of them followed the example of Augustus and defected to the camp of the enemy. Among the traitors were hetmans Vyshnevetsky, Rzhevusky and Sinitsky. As soon as the first information was received that they were unreliable, Peter instructed E.I. Ukraintsev to strengthen their surveillance. The tsar ordered Sinitsky to be lured to a party, drunk and arrested. Then he had to offer to let the Russian garrison into Bykov, and if he did not agree, then disarm his entire detachment and send it to Smolensk. In October 1707, Ukraintsev managed to swear allegiance to the union with Russia of the Polish crown hetmans Sinitsky and Rzhevuski, which was of great political importance.

In 1708, Emelyan Ignatievich Ukraintsev was sent to Hungary to negotiate with the leader of the Hungarian uprising, Prince Rakoczi, where he died at the age of 67.

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