To narrow the search results, you can refine the query by specifying the fields to search on. The list of fields is presented above. For example:

You can search across multiple fields at the same time:

logical operators

The default operator is AND.
Operator AND means that the document must match all the elements in the group:

research development

Operator OR means that the document must match one of the values ​​in the group:

study OR development

Operator NOT excludes documents containing this element:

study NOT development

Search type

When writing a query, you can specify the way in which the phrase will be searched. Four methods are supported: search based on morphology, without morphology, search for a prefix, search for a phrase.
By default, the search is based on morphology.
To search without morphology, it is enough to put the "dollar" sign before the words in the phrase:

$ study $ development

To search for a prefix, you need to put an asterisk after the query:

study *

To search for a phrase, you need to enclose the query in double quotes:

" research and development "

Search by synonyms

To include synonyms of a word in the search results, put a hash mark " # " before a word or before an expression in brackets.
When applied to one word, up to three synonyms will be found for it.
When applied to a parenthesized expression, a synonym will be added to each word if one was found.
Not compatible with no-morphology, prefix, or phrase searches.

# study

grouping

Parentheses are used to group search phrases. This allows you to control the boolean logic of the request.
For example, you need to make a request: find documents whose author is Ivanov or Petrov, and the title contains the words research or development:

Approximate word search

For an approximate search, you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of a word in a phrase. For example:

bromine ~

The search will find words such as "bromine", "rum", "prom", etc.
You can optionally specify the maximum number of possible edits: 0, 1, or 2. For example:

bromine ~1

The default is 2 edits.

Proximity criterion

To search by proximity, you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of a phrase. For example, to find documents with the words research and development within 2 words, use the following query:

" research development "~2

Expression relevance

To change the relevance of individual expressions in the search, use the sign " ^ " at the end of an expression, and then indicate the level of relevance of this expression in relation to the others.
The higher the level, the more relevant the given expression.
For example, in this expression, the word "research" is four times more relevant than the word "development":

study ^4 development

By default, the level is 1. Valid values ​​are a positive real number.

Search within an interval

To specify the interval in which the value of some field should be, you should specify the boundary values ​​in brackets, separated by the operator TO.
A lexicographic sort will be performed.

Such a query will return results with the author starting from Ivanov and ending with Petrov, but Ivanov and Petrov will not be included in the result.
To include a value in an interval, use square brackets. Use curly braces to escape a value.

The fund of printed publications of the SAPC contains 374,449 books and brochures, 11,739 copies of magazines, 3,856 sets of newspapers. It has a reference apparatus in the form of inventory books, work is underway to create an alphabetical and systematic catalogues, work has been completed on the formation of databases in the Fund of Printed Publications software package.

1. PRE-REVOLUTIONARY EDITIONS

1. State power, public administration. Self management. Protection of the existing system

• Code of Russian laws. 1792-1793
• Monument from laws. 1799-1824
• Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. 1825-1913
• Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. 1832-1913
• Continuation of the code of laws. 1835-1864
• Articles to the third volume of the code of laws. 1857, 1868-1869
• Alphabetical index to the collection of legalizations. 1874-1910
• Complete set of laws of the Russian Empire. 1903-1905
• Decrees. 1714-1725, 1760
• Decrees of the Sovereign Emperor Peter the Great. 1739, 1780
• Decrees of Empress Ekaterina Alekseevna. 1743, 1768-1780
• Decree of His Imperial Majesty, Autocrat of the All-Russian, Perm Spiritual Consistory. 1866
• Collection of legalizations and orders of the government. 1869-1917
• Complete collection of decisions and orders of the government. 1879
• Code of military regulations. 1839-1907

2. Charters

• Perm Ecological Society. 1884
• Perm city pawnshop. 1884, 1911
• About military service. 1886
• Perm Noble Assembly. 1894, 1902
• Joint stock company. 1901
• Perm exchange. 1901
• Civil litigation. 1909-1918
• Perm city guardianship of the poor. 1911
• Perm hunting enthusiasts. 1911
• Perm National Society. 1912
• Perm merchant bank. 1912
• Perm Union of Consumer Society. 1914

3. Materials of the All-Russian population census

4. Agriculture

• Vargin V.N. Maintenance of dairy cattle. 1910
• Probable collection of bread. 1909-1916
• Cultivation of potatoes in the field. 1912
• Dmitriev A.D. Potato riot in Russia.
• Ural economy. N 1-36. 1915-1919
• Forest magazine. 1837-1838
• Turicin. On the cultivation of root crops in peasant farms. 1916
• Turicin. About cattle breeding in the Perm province. 1912

5. Culture. The science

5.1. Education. Magazines

• Education and training. 1906-1908
• Education. 1898-1915
• Family Readings. 1874, 1876, 1878, 1879
• Notes of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. 1866-1893
• Scientific education. 1897-1902
• Russian school. 1897-1905
• Scientific notes of Yuriev University. 1909, 1913
• Christian Readings. 1876, 1902-1903
• Readings in the Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities at Moscow University. 1869, 1872, 1873, 1896, 1908
• Mazunin. People's University. 1916
• Shishonko V. Materials for the development of public education. 1879

5.2. Proceedings

• Essay on the activities of the Perm Archival Commission. 1915
• A brief outline of the activities of the Perm Scientific Archival Commission. 1915
• Proceedings of the 2nd cooperative congress of the Kamyshlov district. 1914
• Proceedings of the free economic society. 1769-1865
• Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of teachers of four agricultural departments of the Perm province. 1907
• Proceedings of the provincial zootechnical commission. 1914
• Proceedings of the 16th Congress of the Agrarian Pemsky Zemstvo. 1910
• Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the Agrarian Perm Zemstvo. 1908
• Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the Agrarian Perm Zemstvo. 1910
• Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the Agrarian Perm Zemstvo. 1911
• Proceedings of the commission of the Perm provincial zemstvo. 1885-1886
• Proceedings of the commission for the preparation of programs for the review of the Perm Territory. 1895
• Proceedings of the commissions on public education of the Perm provincial zemstvo. 1906
• Proceedings of the Orenburg Scientific Archival Commission. 1914-1916
• Proceedings of the first Yekaterinburg district general cooperative congress. 1913
• Proceedings of the Perm Scientific Archival Commission. 1892-1916
• Proceedings of beekeepers at the Kungur society. 1906
• Proceedings of the meeting of veterinarians. 1913
• Proceedings of the congress of delegates from regional meetings of students of the Okhansky district. 1910, 1912
• Proceedings of the Congress of inspectors of public schools. 1893
• Proceedings of the meeting of representatives of the provincial and district zemstvos. 1902
• Proceedings of the meeting at the Perm provincial zemstvo council. 1892 - 1893
• Proceedings of the 1st Congress of timber merchants of the Perm region. 1910
• Proceedings of the 3rd cooperative congress of the Okhansk district. 1914
• Proceedings of the 3rd cooperative congress of the Shadrinsk district. 1913
• Proceedings of the 3rd - 9th congresses of veterinarians. 1887 - 1915
• Proceedings of the 14th Congress of Miners of the Ural Mountain Region. 1898
• Proceedings of the Economic Society. 1770-1772

5.3. Reports

• Report to the provincial meeting on measures for the development of livestock breeding. 1916
• Report of the commission of the Perm provincial congress of teachers. 1917
• Report of the Osinsky district zemstvo council. 1912
• Reports of the Perm provincial zemstvo council. 1911-1916
• Report of the Perm Zemstvo Council to the Perm Provincial Zemstvo Assembly and the fourth regular session. 1913
• Reports on the survey of railways. 1913
• Report of the Council to the 20th Congress of Miners of the Urals. 1910, 1913
• Reports of counties and provinces. 1882-1910

5.4. Reports

• Report of the handicraft-industrial bank of the Perm provincial zemstvo for 1901-1909.
• Report of the Kungur Technical School for 1889-1901.
• Report on the activities of the Perm city government for 1884 - 1911.
• Report of the Perm city government for 1879, 1883-1907.
• Report of the Perm Diocesan Women's School for 1895 - 1916.
• Report of the Board of Trustees of the Verkh-Isetsky Building House for 1907-1913.
• Report of the Board of Trustees of the Yekaterinburg Women's Gymnasium for 1877-1916.
• Report of the Siberian Trade Bank for 1907-1912.

5.5. Magazines

• Journal of the Kungur City Duma. 1890-1892
• Journal of the Osinsk City Duma. 1856
• Journal of the Perm district zemstvo. 1901-1907
• Journal of the Perm provincial zemstvo assembly. 1912-1918
• Journal of the Perm City Duma. 1873-1875
• Collection of the Perm Zemstvo. N1-6. 1899, 1904-1907
• Journal of the Solikamsk City Duma. 1883
• Journal of the Cherdyn City Duma. 1888

5.6. estimates

• Estimates of income and expenses of the Perm district assembly. 1876, 1888
• Estimates of income and expenses of the Solikamsk district zemstvo assembly. 1882
• Estimates of income and expenses of the Shadrinsk district zemstvo assembly. 1913

6. Local history

7. Healthcare

• Medical and sanitary chronicle of the Perm province. 1908-1909, 1913-1916
• Director of the sanitary station in Perm. 1887
• A brief outline of the cholera epidemic in Russia and the Perm province. 1892
• Materials for the sanitary description of the Perm province. 1885
• Experience of medical topographic description of the city of Irbit. 1885
• Essay on the medical and pedagogical task of the Perm Diocesan Women's School. 1891
• Statistical report on 10 years of activity in ophthalmology. 1897
• What everyone needs to know about cholera. 1892

8. Religion, church

• Archpastors of the Perm diocese. 1916
• Ancient monasteries of the Perm diocese. 1912
• The value of the Monk Tryphon in the history of the Vyatka region. 1912
• Zubar L.V. Saint Tryphon the Vyatka Wonderworker. 1912
• History of the Russian Church. 1866-1887
• Catalog of monuments of church folk antiquity of the Vyatka region. 1914
• A brief history of the emergence of the monastery on the White Mountain of the Osinsky district. 1900
• Brief historical outline of the centenary of the Perm diocese (1799 - 1899). 1899
• Lectures on the exposure of the history of sectarianism. 1913
• Lectures on the denunciation of the split. 1909
• God's world. 1898-1906
• Review of the Perm schism, the so-called "Old Believers". 1863
• Description of the monasteries of the Perm diocese. 1907
• Essay on the construction of the church in the name of St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Mary Magdalene. 1892
• Perm saints: three saints. 1907
• Perm Diocesan Gazette. N 1-52. 1868-1917
• Complete Orthodox Encyclopedic Dictionary. Issue 5. 1912
• Ponomarev A.Ya. A brief historical outline of the 20-year activity of the Nativity-Bogoroditsky guardianship. 1911
• Parish charter. 1918
• Russian split of the Old Believers. 1859
• Information about the churches and the parishes of the Perm province of the Perm diocese. 1896
• Estimation of wanderers before the court of history. 1912
• A Tale of the Life and Works of the Bishop of Perm. 1856
• Words, conversations, speeches. Issue. 1-10. 1908-1915
• Troitsky L. Report of the Church-parochial guardianship at the Alexander Nevsky Church. 1899
• Proceedings of the Society of St. Stephen of Perm for 1882
• Decree of His Imperial Majesty, Autocrat of the All-Russian Perm Spiritual Consistory. 1866
• Charter of the Perm Diocesan Union of Parish Councils. 1918
• Textbook on the history of the Russian church. 1896
• Khristomatov M. A Brief Historical Sketch of the Bylgov Church and Parish. 1897
• Church Gazette for 1905-1907.
• Church permission and the world of churches. 1926
• Shestakov Y. Brief historical essay on the 100th anniversary of the Perm diocese. 1899
• Address-calendar and memorial book of the Perm province. 1884 - 1915
• Address-calendar of the Perm diocese. 1870, 1884, 1885, 1894, 1909
• Big encyclopedia. T. 1-22. 1896-1909
• Geographical and statistical dictionary of the Russian Empire. 1863-1867
• Illustrated guide to the river Kama and river Vishera. 1911
• Zemstvo worker's calendar-reference book. 1915
• Commercial Encyclopedia. 1900-1899
• Desktop encyclopedic dictionary. T. 9. 1903
• Osinsky zemstvo calendar. 1910-1915
• Memorable book of the Perm province. 1863, 1880, 1889, 1890
• Legal Dictionary. 1732-1796
• Reference encyclopedic dictionary. T. 1-12. 1855-1880
• Ural commercial and industrial address-calendar. 1899-1915
• Chupin N.K. Geographical and statistical dictionary. 1874
• Encyclopedic Dictionary / Comp. Brockhaus and Efron. T. 1-41. 1890-1904
• Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Bibliographic Institute "Grant". T. 1-58.

1. Works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism

• K. Marx, F. Engels. T. 1-46. 1955-1968
• V.I.Lenin (V.Ulyanov). Op. T. 1-12. 1924-1926
• V.I.Lenin. Collected Op. T. 1-30. 1926-1935
• V.I.Lenin. Complete collection of op. 5th edition. T. 1-55. 1958-1965

2. Social and political life. Socio-political movement

• Bolsheviks and the culture of the past. 1969
• 22-24 congresses of the CPSU. 1962, 1966, 1971
• History of the CPSU. T. 1-5. 1964-1980
• CPSU in resolutions and decisions of congresses. Ch. 1-3. 1953-1954
• Materials of the plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU. 1963-1965
• Perm regional organization of the CPSU in numbers. 1974

2.2. All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union

• History of the Komsomol of the Kama region. 1968
• Documents of the Central Committee of the Komsomol. 1978
• Komsomol political literacy in the countryside 1925

3. State power, protection of statehood

• Law on the state budget of the USSR for 1953
• Law on the Judiciary of the USSR Union and Autonomous Republics. 1938
• Orders of the first revolutionary army. 1921
• Collection of resolutions of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions. 1962, 1966, 1967
• Decrees and orders of the NKF of the RSFSR. 1929-1934
• Regulations on elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. 1945, 1950, 1970
• Regulations on the remuneration of specialists. 1921

4. State structure

4.1. Administrative-territorial division

• THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division. 1938, 1954, 1960, 1963, 1971, 1974
• RSFSR. Administrative-territorial division. 1950, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1972, 1974, 1981
• Administrative-territorial division and organization of power. 1984
• Administrative-territorial division of the Bryansk Territory. 1972
• Perm region: Administrative-territorial division. 1969

4.2. Local authorities and administrations

• Decisions of the Molotov City Council of Working People's Deputies. 1947 - 1973
• The decision of the Komi-Permyatsky District Council of Workers' Deputies. 1955–1973
• Decisions of the Berezniki City Council of Workers' Deputies. 1971 - 1973

5. Social sciences

5.1. Story

• Questions of the history of the Urals: Collection of articles. 1963
• The World History. T. 1-10. 1956-1965
• From the history of the region: Collection of articles. 1960, 1963, 1964, 1971
• From the history of the Urals. 1971
• History of Great October. T. 1-3. 1967, 1968, 1973
• Studies in the history of the Urals. 1970
• History of industrialization of the Urals. 1961
• History of the Ural Military District. 1970
• Historical archive. 1949-1962
• Historical notes. 1940-1974
• Literature about the Perm region. 1982-1984, 1986-1987
• Our area: past and present. 1938
• Essays on the ancient history of the Southern Urals. 1967
• Essays on the history of the USSR. 1953
• Essays on the history of the USSR III-XVIII centuries. 1953-1958
• Monuments of history and culture of the Perm region. 1976
• Perm region: nature, history, economy and culture. 1959
• Sitnikov G.G. Ural. 1949

5.2. The science

• Proceedings of the biological research institute. 1928, 1934
• Proceedings of the Ural Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1941

5.3. local history

• Archaeological Yearbook. 1976, 1977, 1982, 1983
• Bader O.N. The oldest materials of the Urals. 1964
• All Perm. 1925
• Geography of the Perm region. Issue. 1-3. 1963, 1964, 1969
• My city is Perm. 1973
• Geography of the economy of the Urals. 1964
• Geological map of the Urals. 1931
• Our edge. 1966, 1977, 1895
• In the Urals: Essays and stories. 1935
• Ural past. 1925
• Ural nature. 1936
• Preobrazhensky. Ural and Western Siberia at the end of the XYI-XYIII centuries. 1972
• Salnikov. The most ancient monuments of the history of the Urals. 1952
• Tiunov. Development of industry in the Western Urals. 1957, 1958
• Economical geography. Issue. 1-2. 1963-1964 ⁠

3. MAGAZINES

1. Central

• Agitator. 1982, 1983
• Archival business. 1926-1927, 1935-1939
• Bolshevik. 1926-1952
• Questions of archiving. 1959-1965
• Questions of history. 1949-1987
• Questions of the history of the CPSU. 1958-1971, 1978-1987
• Magazine for everyone. 1901-1906
• News on literature, science and bibliography. 1902-1910
• History of the USSR. 1957-1987
• Calendar of significant and memorable dates. 1977-1990
• Political agitation. 1985, 1986
• Soviet archives. 1966-1991
• Domestic archives. 1992-1997

Voice of a collective farmer (South Osokinsky RVKP(b)). 1942-1952

Miner's Voice (Stalin Mine). 1956, 1956

Gorn (Perm). 1922

Gremyachinsky worker. 1947-1959

You give a steam locomotive (Zavod im.Shpagina). 1934-1935

Dzerzhinets (Ship Repair Plant). 1932, 1938, 1942-1944, 1948 - 1951

For the Bolshevik pace (Krasnokamsk). 1944-1956

For a prosperous life (Berezniki). 1941, 1942, 1947-1956

For Communism (Dobryanka). 1957-1959

For communism (p. Siva). 1956-1967

For communism (p. Suksun). 1942, 1943, 1949-1959

For advanced metallurgy (Lysva). 1954-1959

For the Victory (n. Kueda). 1945, 1947-1959

For Stakhanov's work (Krasnokamsk). 1953-1959

Star. 1920-1992

Iskra (Kungur). 1947-1959

Iskra (Lysva). 1948-1959, 1966-1967

Towards Communism (V-Mullahs). 1939, 1941-1959

Kama wallet. 1942, 1947-1956, 1959

Kamsky waterman. 1932, 1952-1962

Kirovets. 1951-1959

Collectivist (p. Gayny). 1941-1943, 1947-1959

Krasnokamsk Star. 1941-1944, 1948, 1952-1959, 1966, 1967

Leninets (Kizel). 1942-1945, 1948-1956, 1959

Leninsky way (Nytva). 1956-1959, 1966, 1967

Lenin drummer (Vereshchagino). 1948-1959

Magnievka (Solikamsk). 1951-1959

Ural doctor. 1948-1957

Young guard. 1954-1977, 1982-1984

Molotov University. 1949, 1952-1956, 1958

Perm Diocesan Gazette. 1880-1926

Perm provincial sheets. 1849-1853, 1863, 1879, 1884-1902, 1905-1919

Perm Zemstvo Week. 1908-1914, 1916-1918

Leader (Nerdvinsky RK CPSU). 1948-1959

Along the Leninist path (Kudymkar). 1944-1959

under the banner of Stalin. 1942-1945, 1948-1957

along the socialist path. 1948-1958

The path to communism. 1951-1959

North Star. 1964, 1965, 1966

Northern commune. 1941-1943, 1948, 1950-1959

Soviet Prikamye. 1965-1967

Solikamsk worker. 1946, 1947, 1950, 1952-1959, 1966

Stalinist. 1942-1945, 1947-1950, 1952-1956

Stalin ticket. 1939-1953

Stalinist way. 1941-1957

Stalinist drummer. 1941-1966

Stakhanovite. 1942-1946, 1948-1956

Stakhanovite coal. 1942-1944, 1948-1950, 1952-1955

Wall newspaper ROSTA (Perm). 1920-1921

Strada (Perm). 1922-1924, 1926

Navigator. 1906, 1907

Uralets (Political Department of the Ural Division). 1931

Ural tower (V.Gorodki). 1942-1959

Ural stoker (Kizel). 1941-1959, 1965-1967

Ural beep. 1922-1923

Ural worker (Sverdlovsk). 1918, 1920, 1931, 1933, 1935-1937, 1946-1950, 1966

Ural miner (Ugleuralsk). 1941-1949, 1953-1959, 1964-1967

Miner (Kizel, Capital mine). 1943-1945, 1949-1957

Miner (Gubakha). 1942-1947, 1949-1956, 1958

Miner (Gremyachinsk). 1966

Energetik (Berezniki). 1949, 1950, 1952-1959

Young drummer (Perm). 1933-1935

The printed publications fund of the GKU GAPK stores the published results of population censuses in various provinces for 1899-1916. These publications contain only statistical information, therefore, they cannot be used to search for relatives and ancestors.
The census lists of these population censuses were not permanently stored in the GKU GAPK, therefore the archive is not able to provide any information about individual citizens who lived in a particular province.

Administrative unit of the Russian Empire and the USSR in 1781-1923. It was located on both slopes of the Ural Mountains. The administrative center of the province was the city of Perm.

The Perm province bordered in the north with, in the east with, in the south with and, in the west with the provinces.

The history of the formation of the Perm province

On November 20 (December 1), 1780, Empress Catherine II signed a decree on the creation of the Perm vicegerency as part of two regions - Perm and Yekaterinburg, and the establishment of the provincial city of Perm.

Initially, the Perm governorship included 16 counties: Perm, Yekaterinburg, Cherdynsky, Solikamsky, Okhansky, Osinsky, Kungursky, Krasnoufimsky, Verkhotursky, Kamyshlovsky, Irbitsky, Shadrinsky, Chelyabinsk, Obvinsky, Dalmatovsky and Alapaevsky. In 1783 Chelyabinsk uyezd became part of Orenburg gubernia.

In accordance with the decree of Emperor Paul I of December 12, 1796 "On the new division of the state into provinces", the Perm and Tobolsk general government was divided into Tobolsk and Perm provinces. At the same time, the number of counties was reduced: Obvinsk, Alapaevsk and Dalmatov lost the status of county towns.

In 1919, Yekaterinburg Governorate was separated from the Perm Governorate, consisting of 6 districts located in its eastern part, beyond the Urals. In 1922, the Sarapulsky district of the Vyatka province was included in its structure.

In 1923, the Perm province was abolished, and its territory was included in the Ural region with the center in Yekaterinburg.

It was divided into 12 districts, which included 106 sections of zemstvo chiefs. 41 camps, 484 volosts, 3,180 rural communities, 12,760 villages, 430,000 peasant households.

In the western (European) part of the Perm province, 7 counties were located:

Name	county town	Area (km 2)	Population (1896-1897)
Perm district	Permian	27 270,9	240 428
Krasnoufimsky district	Krasnoufimsk	24 485	244 310
Kungur county	Kungur	11 373	126 258
Osinsky county	Wasp	19 246	284 547
Okhansky district	Okhansk	14 280,17	276 986
Solikamsk county	Solikamsk	29 334,3	237 268
Cherdynsky district	Cherdyn	70 790	101 265

In the eastern (Asian, trans-Ural) part of the Perm province there were 5 counties:

Additional materials on the Perm province

• Plans for the general surveying of counties of the Perm province

  Verkhotursky district	2 versts	-
  Yekaterinburg district	2 versts	-
  Irbit district	2 versts	-
  Kamyshlov county	2 versts	-
  Krasnoufimsky district	2 versts	-
  Kungur county	2 versts	-
  Osinsky county	2 versts	-
  Okhansky district	2 versts	-
  Perm district	2 versts	-
  . The First General Population Census of the Russian Empire in 1897 / ed. [and with preface] N.A. Troinitsky. - [St. Petersburg]: publication of the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: 1899-1905 Perm province. - 1904. -, XII, 301 p.

LISTS OF POPULATED PLACES OF THE PERM PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH - BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE

The settlement and development of the Middle Urals began as early as the time of the great migration of peoples (IV - IX centuries). At this time, the indigenous population of the Urals was formed, which included the Finno-Ugric (Komi-Permyaks, Udmurts, Mari, Mansi) and Turkic (Bashkirs and Tatars) peoples. The areas of settlement of these peoples are also naturally determined. The Komi-Permyak people lived in the Upper Kama region, the Udmurts lived in the upper reaches of the Vyatka, and the basins of the rivers Tavda, Tura, Pyshma, and the upper reaches of the Chusovaya were the territory of the Mansi, or Voguls. So the foundation of the settlement system in the Middle Urals was laid. But the number of indigenous peoples was small, the territories of the Middle Urals remained undeveloped. These lands in the XIII century. begin to attract the attention of the Novgorod boyars, Vladimir-Suzdal princes, as well as ordinary peasants. In the XIV-XV centuries. Russians begin to populate the Upper Kama region. In 1451, Moscow Prince Vasily II sent his first governor, Mikhail Ermolich, to Cherdyn, and in 1472 the territory of Perm the Great (Upper Kama region) became part of the Russian state.

From the end of the 16th century a new period of development of the Middle Urals begins: he receives a charter that allows him to cook salt, search for and develop ore, build towns and settlements. From the end of the 16th century significantly increases the number of Russian settlers who developed new lands. And in the XVIII century. The Middle Urals, thanks to the available deposits of iron and copper ores, water resources and forest reserves, is turning into the largest metallurgical region in Russia.

At the end of the XVIII century. the administrative-territorial division of the Perm province was finally formalized, which lasted until 1918. First, in 1797, the Perm governorship was formed, and then it was transformed into the Perm province. At the same time, eight new counties appeared: Perm, Okhansky, Osinsky, Krasnoufimsky, Yekaterinburg, Irbitsky, Kamyshlovsky and Shchadrinsky, four counties had already been created by that time.

Mid 19th century marked by significant changes in the socio-economic and political development of the country as a whole and the Middle Urals in particular. Industry and transport are actively developing. New local governments were created - zemstvos, which were engaged in the construction of roads, schools, hospitals. All these changes were directly reflected in the system of rural settlement - a territorially integral and functionally interconnected set of settlements.

The article analyzes one of the main and most informative sources on rural settlement - Lists of settlements. It reflects not only the administrative-territorial division of the province, county, volost, geographical location of settlements, but also those socio-economic, cultural ties that have developed in rural areas. The lists of settlements allow revealing the features of the formation of the settlement network in the Ural region. The creation of the Lists was caused by historical necessity. The emergence and development of new governing bodies in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century, the economic and social development of the country required accurate and reliable information from the statistical authorities on the composition, population, and its settlement over the vast territory of the country.

Lists of populated places have a huge information potential, but they were used only occasionally in historical research. Most likely, this was due to the fact that the Lists contain massive data, and their processing requires the use of methods based on the principles of quantitative analysis. The real possibility of involving the entire volume of information contained in the Lists into scientific circulation appears only at the end of the 20th century. with the spread of computer technology.

For the first time this source was mentioned as early as 1947 in the works of geographers. It was they who first began to study the issues of resettlement. Somewhat later, in 1959, he writes an article in which he characterizes the provincial lists of populated places from a source study point of view. Up to the present time, it remains perhaps the only scientific publication devoted to this topic. In the early 60s. 20th century , studying zemstvo household censuses, again refers to the Lists of populated places as one of the types of zemstvo statistics for population accounting, using them in an illustrative way. In the early 90s. 20th century the materials of the Lists were used to study the ethno-cultural development of the Urals. Thus, although the Lists of populated places have not been ignored by researchers, nevertheless, their source analysis remains an unresolved problem, as well as a comprehensive study of all the information contained in the source.

The idea of ​​creating the Lists of Populated Places was first expressed in the 1920s. 19th century In 1823–1825 a study of Russian cities was undertaken. On the basis of the information collected, in 1830, the “Statistical Image of Cities and Towns of the Russian Empire up to 1825” was published. This edition served as a model for subsequent publications of this type: "Review of the state of the cities of the Russian Empire in 1833" (St. Petersburg, 1834); "Statistical tables on the state of the cities of the Russian Empire, the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland" (St. Petersburg, 1840); "Statistical tables on the state of the cities of the Russian Empire according to information collected up to May 1, 1847" (St. Petersburg, 1852). At the same time, the issue of creating Lists of rural settlements began to be discussed. It was initiated by two prominent Russian statisticians of the 19th century. - and.

Back in the 20s of the XIX century. drew the attention of the government to the importance of compiling Lists of "populated" places in Russia, but his proposals remained unanswered. In 1837, while serving in the Ministry of State Property, he was given the task of conducting an audit of the land of the Taurida province, during which he personally compiled a list of populated places in the Simferopol district of the Tauride province. In his list, Koeppen drew attention not only to socio-economic aspects, but also to the origin of the names of individual villages. The document was not published and is currently kept in the academician's fund. In addition to the List, he compiled a list of villages in the Tauride province. In 1844, he set about compiling an ethnographic atlas, on which all the settlements where the non-Russian population lived were marked in different colors.

In the mid 50s. 19th century makes a new attempt to develop the Lists of Populated Places through the Academy of Sciences and the Synod. All dioceses were sent a form of the parish list of villages. During 1857–1859 parish lists from 33 provinces were presented, and already in 1858 the book “Cities and villages of the Tula province in 1857” was published. Information on the rest of the provinces was not processed and published, although it was used in the work of the Academy of Sciences and statistical bodies.

Another researcher who got involved in this work was a prominent Russian geographer and statistician. In 1828, he decided to write a textbook "Statistics of the Russian Empire", in connection with which he developed a detailed program for describing Russia. One of the questions of this program was the question of the number of suburbs, settlements, settlements, shtetls, villages, villages and other populated places in the provinces of Russia. In order to implement the program, he applied to the statistical department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but they decided that this information was not necessary.

In 1834, the statistical department of the Ministry of the Interior was transformed into the Statistical Department, and he was appointed its head. Now he could realize his idea, in addition, there was an official pretext - a dispute between the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Interior regarding the procedure for fixing distances between individual settlements. On February 19, 1836, a circular order was sent to all governors, signed by the Minister of the Interior and the head of the Statistical Department, which spoke of the need to draw up an “alphabetic list of all villages, farms, villages, towns and towns, in a word, all those who have special names settled places other than cities - with the designation in them of the number of courtyards, the number of churches and, if possible, the number of male and female souls available ... ".

During 1836–1838, the Statistical Department received information from 39 provinces of Russia. In 1840, a second circular was issued for those provinces that had not yet sent lists, but it did not have significant consequences: only one province, following the circular, prepared and submitted a list of settlements to the ministry. Unable to publish these materials, he handed them over to the Geographical Society. So, in the first half of the XIX century. prominent scientists of Russia tried to realize the idea of ​​creating the Lists of populated places, but they could not prove to the officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs the relevance and importance of this work.

At the same time, official bodies showed interest in the settlement network already in the 1930s. 19th century Various departments independently collect information about settlements for their own needs. In the 40s. 19th century cadastral detachments of the Ministry of State Property carry out work on the assessment of the economy of peasants. Information was collected directly from the peasants, partly throughout the village, partly in each yard. When characterizing the village, its topographic description was given, the amount of land was reported by land. When describing the estate, the type of settlement, type of buildings, and heating were indicated. Along with information about the settlement, detailed information was collected about the population for each household, about crafts, the number of livestock, and the amount of taxes. The collected information was published in the “Economic and Statistical Materials Collected by Commissions and Detachments to Equalize Cash Collections from the State. Peasants” and in six issues of “Materials for Russian Statistics, Collected by the Office of the Ministry of State Property”. The information was incomplete: it covered only part of the territory of Russia and only one of the categories of the peasant population, but nevertheless these materials were one of the steps in the history of the creation of the Lists of Settlements.

In the 60s. 19th century there is an urgent need for statistical data on the settlement network and, most importantly, it becomes possible to collect information and publish Lists of settlements. The change in the situation was closely connected with the liberal reforms. For the work of the newly created bodies (according to judicial charters, according to the regulation on zemstvo self-government bodies), as well as to manage the liberated peasants, to implement the military reform, information was required that had not previously been collected. At this time, there are also new opportunities for collecting the necessary data. First of all, in 1863, the Central Statistical Committee (hereinafter CSK) was formed under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. On January 1, 1864, Tyan-Shansky became its director and invited prominent Russian scientists to work at the CSC, which made it possible to begin collecting and processing information on a scientific basis according to specially developed programs. In addition, Zemstvo bodies were created locally, one of the functions of which was the collection of statistical data and their submission to the central authorities. As a result, a fundamentally new structure of statistical bodies is being formed both in the center and in the field.

From the moment of its establishment, the CSK has contributed to the acceleration of the preparation of the Lists of Populated Places. As early as 1854, a program for collecting information for these lists was sent to the provinces, but the data came extremely slowly. With the formation of the CSK, already in 1860, the necessary materials began to arrive from the provinces, and in 1861 the publication of the Lists of Settlements began. In the period from 1861 to 1885, 43 issues were published, each of which is dedicated to a separate province. Information on the Perm province was received by the Central Statistical Committee in 1869 and was published in 1875 in the 31st volume of the Lists.

Lists of populated places in the Perm province, published in 1875, were the result of the implementation of the all-Russian project. Information about the settlements was collected in accordance with a single program, which included the following items: 1. The name of the settlement with explanations: what kind it is, urban or rural, what department. 2. Topographic designation of its position, at what water or living tract. 3. The distance of cities from the capital and provincial and villages from the county town and camp. 4. In cities, the number of households was indicated, in villages - also the number of households. 5. The actual number of inhabitants of both sexes. 6. The number of houses of worship, charitable and educational establishments, fairs, bazaars and marinas, post stations, and great factories and mills, and other excellent establishments in places where they are.

A procedure for collecting information was also developed. In rural areas, the collection of information was entrusted to the bailiffs, in the cities - to the provincial statistical committees, all lists from the bailiffs were concentrated here. For verification, materials from the tenth revision were used, as well as information collected by officers of the General Staff. The shortcomings of the collection system manifested themselves from the very beginning: in most zemstvo courts there was no information required for compiling lists, alphabetical lists of villages were compiled back in the 40s. To obtain more accurate information, the CSK sent a request for the necessary data to the newly created zemstvo self-government bodies. So, in the materials of the Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo government, statements compiled by volost boards on the composition of rural societies on August 1, 1869 were preserved. They included the name of the volost, the name of the society, which settlements were listed in the composition of the society, such as factories, villages, villages and settlements ( the same column indicates the category of peasants and nationality), the number of souls in each village, the number of households in each village, the amount of land. By 1870, this information was processed and published in printed form. They were also transferred to the CSK, but by that time the publication had already been prepared, and the publishers did not change anything, they only processed the newly received information, which, as it turned out, had some differences from the police lists. In particular, in the Zemstvo List, populated areas were located by volosts, which greatly facilitated their use. But there were also more significant differences - these are discrepancies in the names of settlements, as well as the presence of some settlements in some Lists and their absence in others. The publishers made a comparison and the results were published as an Addendum to the already prepared Lists. All discrepancies were divided into 4 categories: 1) villages that are in the List and are not reflected in the materials of the volost boards; 2) settlements that are available in the materials of volost boards, but are not reflected in the List; 3) settlements included in the List under one name, and in the materials of volost boards - under another; 4) discrepancies in the names of the villages.

Now let's turn to the content of the Lists, which primarily depended on the goals of the publication. The lists of 1875 were published in the form of a reference book, so special attention was paid to such information as the exact name and spelling of the names of settlements, it was checked against the parish lists stored in the materials of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. If there was a big difference in spelling, then both names were indicated. The accuracy of the figures given did not matter to the publishers. For example, in the explanations to the column "Number of inhabitants" it is said that the figures given in the table were given by the local authorities and should not be taken as official, but only as approximate. The main purpose of this column is to show the importance of a particular settlement for determining the population density.

The data for the Perm province were processed by N. Stieglitz, a member of the Statistical Council. In the volume itself, the material is divided into two parts. One part is general information about the Perm province:

1) the geographical location and space of the province;

2) topographic description of the province;

3) geological survey of the province, mineral wealth;

4) hydrographic outline (system of rivers);

5) the climate of the Perm province;

6) historical essay;

7) a statistical survey of the population and its resettlement in the province;

8) statistical and ethnographic essay;

9) statistical review of the population in religious, intellectual, moral and civil relations;

10) the economic state of the province;

11) factory industry;

12) trade;

13) a list of volosts for conscription stations for military service;

14) comparison of this list with the volost list of 1873, the difference between them.

The second part is the lists themselves, presented in the form of tables. All the material was divided into two tables: the first - for the cities of the province, the second - for rural settlements.

The table had seven columns. Column 1 - the numbering of settlements, it was through for both tables. Column 2 is the name of the inhabited place, official and the one that is used in common speech. It also indicated its value in the administrative division for cities (provincial city, county, bezuyezd) and the topographic name for all settlements (city, village, village, etc.). Settlements were distributed primarily by camps, within this group - by geographical location (for example, in the Perm district in the first camp, settlements under No. 16-28 were located on the Moscow postal route from Perm to Okhansk) and inside directly by distance from the district city, without any system. The names of volosts and rural communities are missing. Column 3 - position at the water source. Column 4 - the distance in versts from the county town and from the camp apartment. Column 5 - the number of households. Column 6 - the number of inhabitants; Column 7 - the number of churches and other prayer buildings of all faiths, the number of educational and charitable institutions, postal stations, fairs, bazaars, marinas, the most important factories and factories.

Such an arrangement of settlements within the tables complicated the use of the Lists, but this was the first experience of publishing such reference books.

The publication of the Lists of Populated Places of the Russian Empire was the most extensive and complete at that time. Although already then -Tyan-Shansky noted that small and smallest settlements fell out of the Lists, and believed that this was primarily due to the fact that there is no clear definition of what constitutes a "settlement", each observer defines it in his own way. In this regard, the Lists could not take into account the owner's estates and farms. In addition, inaccuracies could also be caused by the fact that the police did not establish an administrative accounting system, there was no information about changes in the number of settlements, names and designations of settlements (village, village, farm). Information was collected by camps, and not by administrative-territorial units, which greatly complicated the accounting of settlements included in the volost and uyezd. Difficulties could also arise because the settlements were listed by geographical location. For example, a village located on a highway was taken into account, while a farm located far from the highway could be excluded from the Lists.

Despite the above shortcomings, the Lists of 1875 represent the first and rather successful experience of publishing such reference books and are extremely interesting for researchers studying the settlement system in the 19th century.

The all-Russian edition of the Lists of Populated Places in pre-revolutionary Russia was the only one; further this work was carried out by local zemstvo bodies. In the daily work of the Zemstvo, accurate information was constantly required not only about the population, but also about the number of settlements and their location. As a result of the work of various departments of zemstvos in the late XIX - early XX centuries. Several editions of the Lists of Populated Places have been published. They differed from each other primarily in the structure of information, content. Zemsky Lists were created as a reference tool necessary for work. Therefore, they contained accurate information and were systematically updated. Zemstvo Lists were updated approximately once every ten years. Such a gap was determined both by the rate of information aging and by experience. Gradually, zemstvo statisticians acquired the necessary skills for collecting and processing information about the settlement network, which was reflected in the content of the Lists and the form of their presentation.

Zemstvo statisticians gained their primary experience in collecting and processing statistical data as early as the 1960s. 19th century But then they acted in accordance with the instructions of the center. Gradually, zemstvo bodies become an integral part of the management system, dealing with issues of public education, health care, road construction, taxation, etc., that is, practical tasks. The zemstvo was also in charge of resolving issues of administrative-territorial division at the provincial level. To perform these functions, accurate and reliable information was required for each settlement.
And in the mid-80s. 19th century Zemstvo begins systematic data collection.

The following procedure for submitting information was determined: the provincial zemstvo sent the relation to the county zemstvo councils, which “in fulfillment of the relation” sent requests to the volost boards. Here, a response to a request was compiled, which, after signing by the volost foreman and clerk, was sent back. Uyezd statisticians processed the information received and sent it to the provincial zemstvo, where they were compiled into provincial lists. Previously, the information was rechecked according to the materials of the zemstvo administrations.

Considering the procedure for the movement of information, all documents used to compile these lists can be divided into two groups: 1) primary sources, i.e. materials that were collected directly for compiling the lists; 2) documents on which the reliability and accuracy of primary sources were checked.

In 1885, circulars were sent to all volost boards through the county boards. So, in the circular of the Verkhotursk council it was said: “In pursuance of the attitude of the provincial council of April 26, No. 443, the Verkhotursk council asks the volost governments to deliver information about all the villages in the volost and the inhabitants in them in the following form in a short time ... ". The form was attached and contained the following items: the name of the volost, the villages in it (villages are listed), the number of households in each village, the number of inhabitants (Russians, Mohammedans, other foreigners). All this data was combined into a summary table, which is contained in the file. The table had the same form as the query and was handwritten. The table was not published and was preserved in the archival fund. The appearance of the document indicates its systematic use (there are various notes, underlining, etc. in the text), as well as the desire of the authors of the document to have accurate information at hand. All changes in the administrative-territorial division were necessarily entered into the table.

Additional sources in compiling the lists could be such materials as correspondence with the Perm provincial zemstvo, Yekaterinburg county for peasant affairs on the issues of division of volosts and rural communities. All changes in the administrative-territorial division within the province were recorded in the district and provincial documents, the issues of the transfer of volosts and rural communities to the jurisdiction of another province were resolved in the capital.

Additional information could also be obtained from the Information from the volost boards on the sowing of grain, the Statement on the harvest of grain, received from the volost boards. In addition to statistical data, the collections of the Perm Zemstvo reflected information on geography, climate, and culture of the population (for example, “Geographical and statistical description of the volosts of the Yekaterinburg district”, “Information about the life of the Tatars of the Yenapaev volost of the Krasnoufimsky district”).

The reliability of the information contained in the Lists of 1885 is determined primarily by the fact that the information came from the volost boards, which had accurate information about all, even the smallest, settlements. All statements submitted to the county government were officially certified by the volost foremen.

The lists of 1885 do not contain extensive information, but this source is one of the first in a series of Lists of settlements, which were created by local statisticians according to a program developed locally.

In 1898, the Perm Zemstvo published a new reference book, available not only to Zemstvo workers, but also to everyone. Just like 10 years ago, the zemstvo sent inquiries to the county councils, that is, the data collection system has not changed. This is reflected in the zemstvo funds, where primary sources have been preserved (for example, “Statistical information of the volost administrations on the number of populated places in the Perm province”, “Correspondence on compiling the List of populated places in the Solikamsk district”, “Statement on the number of villages located in the Arkhangelo-Pashinsky volost of the Perm district " etc.)

Another source for compiling the Lists of 1898 could be agricultural statistics, etc. But it should be noted that by the mid-1890s. there are sources reflecting new types of activities of zemstvo bodies. In particular, this is work on the planning of rural settlements and issues of ensuring fire safety.

In the materials of the county governments, a whole block of documents on the planning of villages, villages, factories, that is, their plans, has been preserved. Each plan was accompanied by an explanatory note with information on how this plan was drawn up, by whom it was approved and when. In the mid 1890s. Zemstvo begins to carry out active work to ensure fire safety not only in cities, but also in rural areas. For these purposes, information is requested from the volost boards on the water supply of the population - on the availability of natural water sources and on wells, ponds, etc. created by the population.

The list of 1898 is issued in the form of separate publications for each county. The material was arranged in continuous text, each paragraph contained information about one settlement. Settlements were listed by volosts, volosts were arranged in alphabetical order. Information about the settlement reflected which rural society the settlement belonged to, type (village, village, etc.), number of households, number of inhabitants, which category the population belonged to, what religion, nationality, what institutions are available, the distance from the county cities, availability of planning. Sometimes information was given from the history of the settlement, interesting cases that took place in the village. At the end, there was an alphabetical list of all settlements in the county and a list of the second names of those settlements where they were available. There were no explanatory articles.

The lists of 1898 differ from the lists of 1885 in a larger amount of information, which was associated with the growing needs of the zemstvo authorities. The form of arrangement of information in the source, in our opinion, is not very convenient to use, but its value does not become less. The lists were not completely preserved, which was most likely due to the small circulation of the publication (it was not possible to establish the exact circulation).

The new edition of the Lists of Populated Places of the Perm Governorate dates back to 1904. It differed from all previously published reference books in that they were prepared and published by one of the departments of the zemstvo - the department of agricultural statistics. This naturally affected the content of the Lists. In addition, the Lists of 1904 were more convenient to use, since the information was presented in the form of a table. The general procedure for collecting and processing data has not changed. Primary materials were received by the provincial zemstvo by January 1, 1904.

The publication included an Explanatory Note, which reflected the purpose of the publication of the Lists (the absence of up-to-date data on settlements in the work of local statistical institutions), the sources for preparing the publication and which department processed these materials. It is stipulated that the directory did not include the factories Sosvinsky of the Verkhoturye district, Vizhaysky of the Cherdyn district and Teplogorsky of the Perm bridle, since they did not have an assigned population and were not part of the volosts. It is not surprising that the department of agricultural statistics was primarily interested in the rural population, and secondarily in the completeness of the lists of settlements.

On page 6-8 there are changes that have taken place in the administrative-territorial division. These data are available for each county (for example, the village of Sarapulka of the Yuzhakov rural society of the Bashkar volost is separated into an independent rural society - Sarapulskoe).

Starting from the 9th page, a table follows, which contains 13 columns. In the first column, first, the name of the parish is indicated in alphabetical order, then the name of the rural communities that are included in the parish. After the name of the village society, the name of the settlement follows. Both rural societies and localities are listed in no particular order. Settlements have continuous numbering within each volost. In the same column, the name of the settlement is indicated.

This is followed by several columns, united by one common name (“Number of households”) and containing the following information: total households in the settlement, households of peasants assigned to the society, households of commoners assigned to the society, from among those assigned to the society engaged in agriculture and not engaged in agriculture.

The next 6 columns are united under the general title "Population of both sexes" and contain data on the population assigned to the rural society and not assigned to it. Each of these columns, in turn, is divided into three columns: "men", "women" and "total". The last column indicates the nationality, the category of peasants.

The final part of the publication presents the results of processing the data placed in the tables. In particular, for each county and province, summary indicators were calculated for all of the above characteristics. In addition, a separate table is highlighted, which shows the number of rural communities, settlements, the population as a whole and by nationality in each volost and in general by counties and provinces, as well as the division of volosts into zemstvo and judicial-investigative sections. This table includes 36 columns. Then there is a table that shows the composition of the new volosts formed in 1904 and not included in the county lists, and alphabetical indexes of volosts, rural communities and settlements of the Perm province.

The lists of 1904 compared to the lists of 1875 and 1898 were more informative and convenient to use. They allow you to get information not only about the location of the settlement, but about the number of inhabitants, the number of people engaged in agriculture, nationality and category.

Lists of populated places published in 1908–1909, are the most complete and informative for characterizing the settlement network of the early 20th century. This edition, like the previous one, was prepared by one of the departments of the Perm Zemstvo - the planning department. But the authors managed to create a universal reference book that could be used by other departments of the Zemstvo, as well as by everyone. The lists contained accurate data even for the smallest settlements, including information about the population, the location of the settlement, its infrastructure (the presence of a school, hospital, church, etc.). All information was placed in an easy-to-view table.

The procedure for collecting and processing information has not changed. The form developed by the planning department was sent in printed form to the county governments and further to the rural municipality governments. Information was collected during 1905–1906. and preserved in the archival funds of zemstvo administrations. Further, as the data received were processed, separate publications were issued for each county. During 1908–1909 reference books were published for all 12 districts, and in 1909 a general edition for the Perm province was published, although it only combined all previously published books. Before each table, both in separate brochures and in the general reference book, an article was printed that contained information about the geographical conditions of the county, about the total amount of land and their division into categories, about the crops that grow in the county, and about the amount of sowing, about the total population, crafts, industrial enterprises. A large block of information was devoted to the administrative-territorial division of the county and the work of the zemstvo council. A separate part of the article was devoted to the history and geography of the county town.

The main table, which contained records of settlements, included 21 columns. Inside the table, the information was systematized by volosts, listed in alphabetical order. The structure of the record included the following information: the first column indicated the name, type of settlement (village, factory village, etc.), as well as the presence of places of worship (churches, mosques, chapels, etc.), local governments (volost government , rural government, etc.), educational institutions, medical institutions (hospitals, veterinary and feldsher points), trading places and institutions (fair, market, consumer and credit societies), points of communication (zemstvo station, telephone, station railway), the presence of crafts. The source of water and the internal structure of the settlement were also indicated here (in particular, whether the settlement was planned or not). The following columns contained information about the number of households in the village, the number of inhabitants (men and women), the category of peasants before the reform of 1861, religion, nationality (nationality). A significant part of the table was devoted to information about the location of the settlement in relation to the nearest local church, mosque, school, library, county town, the apartment of the zemstvo chief, the apartment of the bailiff, the volost government, the nearest zemstvo station, the nearest railway station, hospital, paramedical station , veterinary office, post office, telegraph or post office, nearest fair. Such a volume of information gives the researcher a unique opportunity to conduct a systematic analysis of the settlement system, taking into account all the economic, social, cultural and administrative ties that are formed at the local level.

In 1910, the Code of Data placed in the Lists of Populated Places of the Perm Governorate was published, which presents the results of statistical processing of the directory materials: the total number of inhabited places in the Perm Governorate by districts and the province as a whole, grouping of villages by the number of households, etc. .

In order to fully use the entire information potential of the Lists of Populated Places, computer processing of the data presented in the directory is necessary. For this purpose, on the basis of the Access 2000 software package, the database "Rural settlements of the Perm province in the post-reform period" was created. It allows: 1) to characterize the structure of the rural settlement of the Perm province; 2) based on primary information about settlements, to characterize the socio-economic development of the Perm province.

The lists of populated places prepared by the zemstvo authorities are a unique and extremely valuable source of information that makes it possible to trace the main stages in the formation of the settlement system in the Perm province in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and to identify the features of this process in the Middle Urals. In addition, this source provides an opportunity to obtain additional information on the socio-economic and cultural development of the Perm province.

See about it: Ethnocultural history of the Middle Urals at the end of the XVII - 1st half. 19th century Perm, 1995, p. 69.

See: Population: Encyclopedic Dictionary. M. 1994. S. 445.

Cm.: Geographical study of rural settlements of the Soviet Union // Questions of Geography. 1947. No. 5. S. 53–66; Geography of the settlements of the Privetluzhya // Questions of Geography. 1947. No. 5, pp. 159–198.

Cm.: "Lists of populated places" of the Russian Empire as a historical source // Archaeological Yearbook for 1959. M., 1960. P. 179–192.

Cm.: Zemsky household censuses. M., 1961. S. 14–15.

Cm.: Culture and life of Russian peasants of the Middle Urals in the middle. XIX-
early 20th century Perm, 1991.

Decree. op. S. 180.

There. S. 182.

To the centenary of the birth // Russian antiquity. T. 78. St. Petersburg, 1893. S. 96.

Decree. op. pp. 181–182.

Cm.: Decree. op. M., 1961.

List of populated places in the Russian Empire. T. 31. Perm province. SPb., 1875.

Decree. op. S. 185.

GASO. F. 375. Op. 1. D. 2.

Lists of populated places in the Russian Empire. T. 31. S. 7–8.

Decree. op. S. 191.

GASO. F. 435. Op. 1. D. 607; F. 18. Op. 1. D. 20.

There. L. 11.

There. F. 18. Op. 1. D. 18.

On the transfer of rural communities from the Osinsky district of the Perm province to the Birsky district of the Ufa province // Collection of the Perm Zemstvo. 1904. S. 13.

GASO. F. 375. Op. 1. D. 66.

There. F. 18. Op. 1. D. 415.

GAPO. F. 44. Op. 1. D. 510.

Information about the life of the Tatars of the Yenapaevskaya volost of the Krasnoufimsky district // Collection of the Perm Zemstvo, 1883. Book. 1. S. 1–180.