State archive of the Navy. The archive of the Admiralty Collegium was founded (Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGAVMF))

Near the house 36, which is on Millionnaya Street, not only curious passers-by slow down, but also time. Within the walls of this building on one of the oldest streets of St. Petersburg both valiant victories and loud defeats of the Russian navy froze. Created by the oral order of Peter I, the historical treasury for almost three centuries continues the traditions of archival work in Russia today.

The history of the archive and the composition of its funds

Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGAVMF) is the successor of Russian archival traditions of the era of imperial conquests and Soviet times. On January 28, 1724, by oral decree of Peter I, an archive was founded at the Admiralty College to collect and store documents of the college, which included materials from expeditions and offices. At first, the collection of the archive was not carried out systematically: according to private decisions of the collegium in connection with the liquidation of institutions subordinate to it, as well as the dismissal or death of the head. From the mid-1760s, cases were handed over to the archive on a regular basis as they were completed in office work.

In 1827, the Admiralty Board was abolished, and the archive of the Navy became part of the General Archive of the Naval Ministry. At the beginning of the new century, preparations began in the department for a general reorganization of the archiving system. At this time, archival funds were significantly replenished due to donations from individuals.

In 1917, the archive was renamed the Central Archive of the Fleet and the Naval Department, and in 1918 it was transferred to the Unified State Archive Fund. From 1925 to 1934 it was the naval section of the Leningrad branch of the Central Historical Archive and since 1941 became the Central State Archive of the USSR Navy.

After the collapse of the USSR, it entered the network of federal archives of Russia and was renamed the Russian State Archive of the Navy. Today it is under the jurisdiction of the Federal Archival Agency of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation.

The RGAVMF stores over 1.5 million files covering the period from the end of the 17th century to 1940. These are documents from the funds of departments of fleets and flotillas, naval educational institutions and research institutions, shipbuilding and other enterprises, hydrographic and scientific expeditions. In addition, the archive contains personal funds of famous navigators, figures of the navy and even art. For example, few people know that the outstanding composer N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and lexicographer V.I. Dahl were graduates of the Naval Cadet Corps.

Historians of maritime affairs will be interested in the archive's extensive scientific and reference library, which contains more than 54,000 volumes. They include legislative acts, books on shipbuilding and naval art, publications on the history of the Naval Ministry and the Naval Cadet Corps, works on uniforms, insignia, flags, etc., as well as biographical documents of famous naval commanders F.F. Ushakova, P.S. Nakhimov, D.N. Senyavina, S.O. Makarov, navigators V. Bering, I.F. Kruzenshtern, V.M. Golovnina, Yu.F. Lisyansky, O.E. Kotzebue, Decembrist sailors, participants in the revolutionary movement and the Civil War.

The oldest documents of the archive are maps and atlases from the Archive of the Central Cartographic Production of the Navy: nautical portolan charts of 1550 and Battista Agnese's Atlas of the World of 1554.

Annotated register of inventories of funds The Russian State Archive of the Navy can be found on the Rosarkhiv website.

Navy Archive Travel History

Over the course of several centuries of its existence, the archive of the Navy visited both Vasilevsky Island and near Palace Square. His funds received shelter in the Main Admiralty, New Holland and in one of the premises of the Senate. Today, more than 1.5 million files from the rich treasury of the archive are stored on one of the oldest streets of St. Petersburg in the building of the archive of the State Council, designed by the architect M.E. Messmacher.

Millionnaya Street began to acquire buildings immediately after its foundation in 1704. The highest naval ranks headed by the emperor himself settled on it. Subsequently, in 1887, a monumental building in the Renaissance style, the Archives of the State Council, grew here.

The project for the construction of the building on Millionnaya Street was completed free of charge. It was attended not only by Messmacher, but also by the talented military engineer V.M. Karlovich. In terms of architectural style, the project is a variation on the theme of Renaissance Florence. This monumental, but at the same time far from pompous building, from the side of the facade is decorated with mosaic inserts - time markers. For its construction, the architect was awarded an honorary state award - the Order of St. Stanislav of the third degree (awarded for public service and socially useful activities).

Behind the powerful walls of the building lies a detailed layout, which took into account the archival specifics of the premises. The architect used the latest achievements in the field of heat supply and ventilation. Thanks to this, it was possible to keep the air humidity constant in the archive. In addition, fireproof structures were used during the construction, which would allow saving documents from total destruction during a fire.

In addition to the archive, the building housed the Russian Historical Society, and since the 1920s, under the chairmanship of S.F. Platonov, the Society of Russian Archival Figures worked. Since 1926, the Russian State Archive of the Navy has received a permanent residence permit at 36, Millionnaya Street. Since the beginning of the 20th century, one of its buildings has been located at 24 Silver Boulevard.

290 years of archival history of the Navy

On January 28, 2014, the Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGAVMF) turns 290 years old. In connection with the jubilee events, the Russian Historical Archives hosts the exhibition "Naval Sailors in Science and Culture". This is reported by the press center of the archive.

The central theme of the exposition was the humanitarian mission of the Russian fleet, illuminated through the prism of the personalities of graduates of maritime educational institutions: the Naval Cadet Corps, the Naval Engineering School and the Nikolaev Naval Academy. Graduates of these institutions devoted their lives not only to serving the fleet, but also to social and cultural activities - they became famous writers, artists and scientists.

The exhibition presents documents of famous navigators V.M. Golovnina, F.P. Litke and S.O. Makarov, shipbuilder A.N. Krylov, the founder of domestic oceanography Yu.M. Shokalsky, as well as archival materials related to the names of the writer V.I. Dahl, artist A.P. Bogolyubov, composer N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and an outstanding scientist in the field of radio electronics and automation A.I. Berg.

NAAR.RU

photo: Yana Velichkovskaya, rusarchives.ru

2.3.5 Russian State Archives of the Navy

The archive stores documents of the Russian Navy (end of the 17th century - 1940). These documents were deposited in the funds of institutions of the central administration of the navy, departments of fleets and flotillas, naval educational institutions and research institutions, military ports, shipbuilding and other enterprises, hydrographic and scientific expeditions, as well as in the personal funds of outstanding navigators. and members of the navy.

Documents from the founding period of the domestic fleet were deposited in the funds of the Tsar's Tent (headquarters of Peter I) on the Voronezh River, Order of the Navy. The archive contains the funds of the Admiralty Office, the State Admiralty College (1717-1827), its offices and expeditions, the Admiralty and other departments of the Naval Ministry (1802-1917), the Main Naval Staff and the Naval General Staff, other central institutions, as well as documents on the creation of the Russian fleet in the Baltic, Azov, Black, Caspian Seas, the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. They reflect the combat activities of the Russian fleet: the Azov and Prut campaigns of Peter I, naval battles during the Northern War and the Russian-Turkish wars of the 18th-19th centuries, the Crimean War of 1853-1856. The later period of naval history is reflected in the documents of the funds of the Main Naval Staff, the Naval General Staff, the Naval Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, etc. Here, information is concentrated on the participation of the fleet in the Russo-Japanese and World War I, such as the fighting of the Pacific squadrons and the defense of Port -Arthur, about military operations in the Baltic, Northern, Black Sea and other maritime theaters of the First World War.

The funds of the Shipbuilding Department, the Main Directorate of Shipbuilding, the Shipbuilding and Accounting Committees, the Marine Scientific and Technical Committees, etc. store documents on the organization and progress of shipbuilding until 1917 in Voronezh, Lodeynoye Pole, Novaya Ladoga, Vyborg, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk and other places , at shipyards and shipyards in Russia and abroad.

The funds of the Hydrographic Department, the Main Hydrographic Directorate, the Archive of Hydrography deposited a large array of documents characterizing the results of geographical and hydrographic expeditions of the 18th-19th centuries, the organization of round-the-world and long-distance voyages, the exploration and development of the northern regions of the Pacific Ocean and Alaska, the Northern Sea Route, and others. areas of the World Ocean and the seas adjacent to Russia.

Documents of naval educational institutions are represented by the funds of the Naval Cadet Corps, the Naval Engineering School, the Nikolaev Naval Academy, midshipmen's and various officer courses, schools, colleges and classes.

Documents of the period of revolution and civil war (1917-early 1920s) are represented by the funds of the Naval Revolutionary Committee, the central committees of the fleets and flotillas, the Kronstadt, Sevastopol, Revel and Helsingfors Soviets, etc., as well as the funds of the Headquarters of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF), Naval General Staff, political departments and political departments, central committees of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets.

The post-revolutionary period is also reflected in the funds of the Office of the Naval Forces of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), the People's Commissariat of the Navy of the USSR, and the Main Naval Headquarters of the Workers' and Peasants' Navy (Navy). The materials of these and other collections, which were previously in closed storage, are now available to researchers.

The archive has funds of personal origin of outstanding naval commanders, navigators and scientists, whose materials go beyond the scope of naval topics, including V.M. Golovnina, S.K. and A.S. Greigov, F.P. Litke, S.O. Makarova, A.S. Menshikov, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, the Butakov family fund, and others. Bellingshausen, V.I. Bering, I.F. Kruzenshtern, V.M. Golovnin, the office of captain-commander V.I. Bering, Captain A.I. Chirikov and Captain P.K. Krenitsyn and others. The archive keeps the funds of famous Soviet naval figures, including the personal funds of N.N. Alikhov, V.A. Belli, V.E. Egorieva, N.B. Pavlovich, Yu.A. Panteleeva, N.P. Chiker and others.

The RGAVMF has collections of watch and logbooks of ships and vessels of the Russian and Soviet fleets from the 18th century. up to 1940; service and formulary lists from the middle of the 18th century. until 1917; service records and personal files of the commanding and commanding staff of the Soviet Navy 1917-1941; drawings of ships and vessels of the sailing, rowing, steam and armored fleets; photographs and postcards of ships of the Russian and foreign fleets from the 18th century. until 1940. There is an extensive collection of building drawings and city plans, mainly port ones, from the 18th-early 20th centuries, as well as a collection of maps from the Archive of the Central Cartographic Production of the Navy (Navy), containing atlases and navigational charts, among which nautical portolan charts of 1550, Battista Agnese's "Atlas of the World" (1554), etc. The archive stores extensive hydrographic materials, including nautical charts from the funds of the Hydrographic Department, the Main Hydrographic Administration and the Hydrographic Archive of the Fleet.

CONCLUSION

Archival construction in Russia has a long history. Archiving is a branch of human society, covering all theoretical, legal and practical aspects that are part of the historical memory of the past.

One of the urgent problems of domestic archiving is the development of issues of archival legislation. At the same time, the main task of archival legislation is to create a legislative framework that would allow, by solving the problem of legal regulation of relations between citizens, society and the state in the field of archiving, to ensure the preservation, high-quality replenishment, state accounting and the comprehensive use of the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation, as an important part of its national and cultural heritage.

The federal law of 2004 "On Archival Affairs in the Russian Federation" was the first federal law adopted in the archival sphere, which, despite its progressive nature, still contains certain contradictions and flaws.

The modern system of archives in Russia is represented by four types: state archives, departmental archives, non-state archives, municipal archives. Each of these types of archives, in turn, is represented by a certain set, the components of which formally and informally have not only common features, but also significant differences.

State archives are represented by two types: archives of the federal level and archives of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Federal state archives include historical, i.e. incomplete archives and completed specialized archives. The state archives of the subjects of the Federation as a whole are also represented by similar subtypes of archives.

Departmental archives took shape in three types: the current archives of departments themselves, the current archives of institutions, organizations, enterprises that are part of departmental systems, and specialized departmental departmental funds with a centralized organization of storage of historical and operational documentary complexes.

State archives are specialized state institutions, the main link in the system of institutions of the archival service in Russia. They carry out accounting of archival documents, ensure their safety, are completed with documents of state organizations and documents of non-state organizations and individuals transferred to them; create and improve the scientific and reference apparatus for archival documents and information technologies; provide conditions for the use of archival documents by legal entities and individuals, provide information services to public authorities and independent use of archival documents.

The activity of archives of all levels in the Russian Federation is aimed today at strengthening the Russian statehood through the preservation of its history, providing public needs for retrospective documentary information.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE AND SOURCES

1. Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR dated June 1, 1918 "On the reorganization and centralization of archives" // Electronic periodical "Open text", access: www.opentextnn.ru/censorship/russia/sov/law/snk/1917/? id=656

3. Basic rules for the work of archives of organizations.- M .: VNIIDAD, 2002.

4. Basic rules for the work of state archives with film and photo-phono documents / Glavar Khiv of the USSR. VNII documentation and arch. deeds.- M., 1980.- 166 p.

5. Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation "On the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation and Archives". July 7, 1993 No. 5342-1 // Domestic archives. 1993. No. 5. P.3-10.

6. Decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the procedure for access to archival documents and the rules for their use." Approved Roskomarchiv June 15, 1992 // Bulletin of the archivist. 1992. No. 4. S.21-31.

7. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for departmental storage of documents and their organization in office work." March 3, 1993 No. 191 // Domestic archives. 1993. No. 3. P.3-4.

8. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 28, 1998 No. 1562 "On the establishment of the Regulations on the Federal Archival Service of Russia" // Otechestvennye archives. 1999. No. 1. P.3-8.

9. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 17, 2004 No. 290 "On the Federal Archival Agency" // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, June 26, 2004, No. 124, Art. 1231.

10. Order of the Federal Archival Service of Russia (Rosarchiv) No. 101 dated December 29, 2001. "Basic Rules for the Work of the State Archives of the Russian Federation". - M., 2002.

11. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 06/13/1996 No. 63-FZ// Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 06/17/1996.- N 25.- Art. 2954.

12. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Approval of the Regulations on the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the State Archival Service of Russia". March 17, 1994 No. 552 // Domestic archives. 1994. No. 3. P.3-12

13. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2004 No. 314 “On the system and structure of federal executive bodies” // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 01.10.2007, No. 40, Art. 4717.

14. Federal law "On archival business in the Russian Federation" // Domestic archives. - 2005. - No. 1.

15. Artizov A.N. Archival legislation of Russia: systems, problems and prospects (to the formulation of the question) // Otechestvennye arkhivy.-1996.-№4.-p.4-5.

16. Archiving: Textbook for early. prof. Education: Proc. allowance for Wednesdays. prof. education / E.V. Alekseeva, L.P. Afanasiev, E.M. Burova. Ed. V.P. Kozlov. M.: ProfObrIzdat, 2002. - 272 p.

17. Vovkotrub O.V., Fionova L.R. . Archiving. – Penza: PGU, 2005.-132p.

18. Kozlov V.P. Historical and Archival Institute: a chronicle of collapse and a bifurcation point // Herald of the archivist. 2003.- No. 1 (73).- S. 90 - 91.

19. Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation and archives // Otechestvennye archives. - 1993. - No. 5.

Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of June 1, 1918 "On the reorganization and centralization of archives" // Electronic periodical "Open text", access: www.opentextnn.ru/censorship/russia/sov/law/snk/1917/?id= 656

Archiving: Textbook for early. prof. Education: Proc. allowance for Wednesdays. prof. education / E.V. Alekseeva, L.P. Afanasiev, E.M. Burova. Ed. V.P. Kozlov. M., 2002. S. 112.

Decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the procedure for access to archival documents and the rules for their use." Approved Roskomarchiv June 15, 1992 // Bulletin of the archivist. 1992. No. 4. S.21-31.

Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation "On the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation and Archives". July 7, 1993 No. 5342-1 // Domestic archives. 1993. No. 5. P.3-10.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Regulations on the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the State Archival Service of Russia". March 17, 1994 No. 552 // Domestic archives. 1994. No. 3. P.3-12

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for departmental storage of documents and their organization in office work". March 3, 1993 No. 191 // Domestic archives. 1993. No. 3. P.3-4.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 28, 1998 No. 1562 "On the establishment of the Regulations on the Federal Archival Service of Russia" // Otechestvennye archives. 1999. No. 1. P.3-8.

Federal Law "On Archival Affairs in the Russian Federation" // Otechestvennye archives. - 2005. - No. 1.

Artizov A.N. Archival legislation of Russia: systems, problems and prospects (to the formulation of the question) // Otechestvennye arkhivy.-1996.-№4.-p.4-5.

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 13.06.1996 No. 63-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 17.06.1996.- N 25.- Art. 2954.

Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses of December 30, 2001 N 195-FZ.

Order of the Federal Archival Service of Russia (Rosarchiv) No. 101 dated December 29, 2001. "Basic Rules for the Work of the State Archives of the Russian Federation". - M., 2002.

Basic rules for the work of state archives with film and photo-phono documents / Glavar Khiv of the USSR. VNII documentation and arch. affairs. M., 1980. 166 p.

Basic rules for the work of archives of organizations. - M .: VNIIDAD, 2002.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2004 No. 314 “On the system and structure of federal executive bodies” // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 01.10.2007, No. 40, Art. 4717.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 17, 2004 No. 290 "On the Federal Archival Agency" // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 06.26.2004, No. 124, Art. 1231.

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