Grammatical features of the use of turnover c'est (ce sont). Learn demonstrative adjectives quickly and easily! est in french

Read the lesson material and do two exercises: at the bottom for listening (listening), at the top - for choosing the correct article and form of the verb. Exercise will help:

1. learn to recognize by ear (phrases are voiced; repeat them aloud after the speaker);
2. understand the design features c"est... (This...)" and the use of the article.

start exercise

Design c" est (+ plural form ce sont ) serves to indicate an object, person, animal, as well as to evaluate something (phrases from the examples are voiced in the exercise below).

1. In French, the verb "to be" is always used:
   • c" est mon ami - This ( there is) my friend;
   • ce sont mes amis - This ( there is) my friends;
   • c" est tout - it's all;
   • c" est bien - well;
   • c" est bon! - it's tasty!
2. A turnover can be used to indicate unknown objects, then indefinite articles are used after it:
   • un - indicates a noun. male; means " one", "some"
     une - indicates a noun. female; means " one", "some"
     des - points to many number; means " some", "some" (does not indicate gender)
   • c "est un garage - it's a garage;
     c "est une girafe - it's a giraffe;
     ce sont des girafes - they are giraffes.
3. After turnover, definite articles are used if the noun has a definition with a preposition de(this preposition conveys the relations of the genitive case - " whom", "what"):
   • le - indicates a noun. male; means "this", "the same"
     la - indicates a noun. female; means "this", "the same"
     les - points to many number; means "these", "the same" (does not indicate gender)
   • c "est le garage de mon voisin - this is my neighbor's garage;
     c "est la fille de mon frere - this is my brother's daughter;
     ce sont les enfants de mon ami - these are my friend's kids.
4. Negation consists of two particles that surround the verb:
   • ce n "est pas mo nami - this is not (is) my friend.
   • ce ne sont pas mes amis - these are not (are) my friends.

C'est / ce sont and Il / elle est, ils / elles sont

Il est bon, ce saumon.

C'est bon, ce saumon.

Ils in the meaning of an indefinite pronoun:

The pronoun ils is often used with an indefinite meaning when talking about people who are unhappy, usually the government, scientists and other persons responsible for something:

Ils ont encore diminué le salaire et augmenté les prix! They lowered wages again and raised prices!

Ils sont tous pareils! They are all the same!

Tout va de pire en pire, qu'est-ce qu'ils attendent! The situation is getting worse every day, what are they waiting for!

With animate nouns:

C'est and ce sont are used before personal independent pronouns moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles. Ce sont is used only with eux and elles, in colloquial speech c'est often replaces ce sont before eux: ce sont (c'est) eux, ce sont elles.

The turns c'est and ce sont are also used before proper names and common nouns with determinants (article, possessive or demonstrative adjective):

— C'est toi, Nicole. - Oui, c'est moi. Is that you, Nicole? - Yes it's me.

C'est Madame Belancourt à l'appareil. Madame Belancourt is on the phone.

C'est la secretaire de notre directeur. This is our director's secretary.

C'est Marie, c'est une amie. This is Marie, my friend.

C'est Nicolas, son ami. This is Nicolas, her friend.

Ce sont des etudiantes en linguistique. They are linguistics students.

Il/elle est, ils/elles sont used before an adjective and before a noun without an article:

C'est Amélie, elle est française. This is Amelie, she is French.

Ce sont mes cousins, ils sont médecins, ils sont tres sympas. These are my cousins, they are doctors, they are very nice.

C'est Dmitri, il est ingénieur, il est russe. This is Dmitry, he is an engineer, he is Russian.

With inanimate nouns

C'est and ce sont are used before a third person pronoun and before proper names with a determinant (article, demonstrative or possessive adjective):

C'est le lave-linge que tu viens d'acheter. - Oui, c'est lui. This is the washing machine you recently bought. - Yes, it's her.

C'est une belle forêt, c'est un beau lac, ce sont de belles montagnes.

Il / elle est, ils / elles sont are used before jumps that are consistent with them:

C'est un lave-linge, il n'est pas cher. It's a washing machine, it's not expensive.

Elle m'a fait voir les robes, qu'elle a achetee en France, elles sont superbes. She showed me the dresses she bought in France, they are gorgeous.

Il est interesting, cet article. This article is interesting.

Elle est tres belle, cette piece. This play is wonderful.

C'est (ce sont is not used in this case) is also used before an adjective, which is always in the masculine singular:

C'est interesting, ton article. Your article is interesting.

C'est long, les voyages en bateau. Boat trips are long.

C'est très beau, cette piece. This play is wonderful.

C'est bon, la salade niçoise. The anchovy salad is delicious.

But there are contexts where the choice of turnover depends on the meaning, for example, if we speak in a general sense (a noun with a definite or indefinite article), the turnover c'est is used: c'est bon, le poisson - that is, all fish are delicious; when it comes to one specific fish that is on the plate, they will say - il est bon, le poisson (ce poisson).

But if the noun is with a demonstrative or possessive adjective, both options are absolutely synonymous, since we are talking about a specific object or person:

Il est bon, ce film = c'est bon, ce film.

C'est intéressant, ton article = il est intéressant, ton article.

This expression consists of two words - the demonstrative pronoun ce - "this", which in this case is reduced to one letter c', and the linking verb être (est) - "is", which is usually not translated into Russian.

This expression is translated into Russian with the word " This”, followed by an indication of the person / object. The noun that this person / thing stands for is usually used with . The expression has a plural form (before referring to several persons / objects) - ce sont ..., however, in the spoken language it is allowed to use the singular form in this case:

C'est une table. - It is a table.

Ce sont (c'est) des tables. - These are tables.

C'est mon ami. - This is my friend.

Ce, cet, cette, ces - this, this, this, these

These words are demonstrative adjectives. They must be immediately followed by a noun.. They change in gender and number according to the word they refer to. They are translated into Russian with the words "this, this, this, these." To understand the peculiarities of choosing between the demonstrative adjectives themselves, follow the link:

Cette table est en bois. This table is made of wood.

Cette jeune fille est ma copine. This girl is my friend.

This is

Thus, the Russian word "this" can be translated into French in two ways: either by the expression c'est, or by a demonstrative adjective. The difference in sentence structures should help you make your choice.

Remember that everything you learn must be spoken aloud, listening to the voice acting of both the lesson itself and the answers to the exercises. Don't be afraid if you are not yet strong in reading rules - just repeat after the announcer and return to the French phonetics course.
The pronunciation will pick up by itself in the process of working with the French language.

  Listen to the audio lesson with additional explanations

In French, as in all other European languages, you can't just say:

I'm beautiful, he's weird, they're at home, you're at work.

Get used to what any foreigner will say:

I there is beautiful, she there is weird, they there is at home, you there is at work.

The so-called verb be is one of the most important verbs in any foreign language.

The British - to be. The Germans have sein.
The Italians have essere. The French have être - to be.

Conjugation of the verb être (to be)

French has the following pronouns:

être
Je	suis	I am
Tu	es	You're
Il (elle)	est	He, she is
nous	sommes	We're
Vous	êtes	You are
Ils (elles)	sont	They are (m. and f. p.)

Negative form of the verb être (to be)

Before the verb - ne, after the verb - pas:

ne + verb+ pass

Je	ne suis pas	I not there is
Tu	n "es pas	You not there is
Il (elle)	n "est pas	He she not there is
nous	ne sommes pas	We not there is
Vous	n "êtes pas	You not there is
Ils (elles)	ne sont pas	They are not yes (m. and f. p.)

Interrogative form of the verb être (to be)

How the question is asked depends on the situation and on whom you are addressing.

The best interrogative turn is the turn with est-ce que.

Suis-je?	Je suis?	Est-ce que je suis?
Estu?	Tues?	Est-ce que tu es?
Est-il?	Is it est?	Est-ce qu "il est?
est elle?	Elle est?	Est-ce qu "elle est?
Sommes-nous?	Nous sommes?	Est-ce que nous sommes?
Êtes-vous?	Vous êtes?	Est-ce que vous êtes?
Sont-ils?	Ils sont?	Est-ce qu "ils sont?
Sont-elles?	Elles sont?	Est-ce qu "elles sont?

Set expressions with the verb être (to be)

With the verb être in French, there are a lot of set expressions that will greatly decorate and enrich your speech at the start of learning French:

être malade	to be sick
être en bonne sante	to be healthy
être libre	to be free
être pris(e)	to be busy
être prêt(e)	to be ready
être content(e)	to be content
être marie(e)	to be married (married)
être en retard	be late
être à l "heure	arrive on time
être à la maison	be at home
être fatigue(e)	be tired
être desolé(e)	regret
être sûr(e)	sure
être heureux (heureuse)	be happy

good, verb be You will always use with:

• nouns- "who? what?": je suis femme au foyer (I am a housewife), il est un chômeur (he is unemployed), c "est ma soeur (this is my sister), c" est mon mari (this is my husband), c "est notre maison (this is our house) ;
• adjectives- "which? which? what?": elle est gaie (she is cheerful), il est riche (he is rich), la maison est vieille (old house);
• adverb- “how?”: c "est compliqué (it's difficult), c" est intéressant (it's interesting), c "est bien / bon (it's good), c" est mauvais / mal (it's bad);
• or when answer the question " where? (my husband is at work), ils sont en vacances (they are on vacation) .

Coordination

What should you pay attention to. In Russian we say:

I'm healthy I'm healthy a they are healthy s,
I'm busy I'm busy a they are busy s.

In grammar language, this is called match the adjective in gender and number. If it’s easier, then you need to put the correct endings.

It turns out that:

a man will always talk without ending
(i.e. as it is written in set expressions),
woman - with the ending -e,
they, we - with the ending -s.

Je suis content(-). - I'm happy.
Je suis contente. - I am satisfied.
Ils sont contents . - They are happy (men, m + f).
Elles sont contentes. - They are happy (women).

As a summary of what you need to learn in this lesson:

• verb conjugations be and cases where it should be in a sentence,
• negation: before the verb - ne, after the verb - pas,
• question: turnover est-ce que ,
• agreement:
  - the man says without ending,
  - woman - with the ending -e,
  - men - with the ending -s,
  - women - with the ending -es.

That's all!

In addition, learn the words from the lesson and from the exercises, see additional grammar topics on the website, listen to the phonetic course, and most importantly, start speaking and using the knowledge from this lesson right now in your life.

Demonstrative adjectives in French ( adjectifs demonstratifs) easy to remember because there are only four words.

What do demonstrative adjectives look like?

Demonstrative adjectives in French are placed before and indicate the gender or number of a noun. And they look like this: Ce, Cet, Cette, Ces.

• Ce– this: defines a masculine noun in the singular;
• Set– this one: indicates a masculine noun in the singular if it begins with a vowel or with a dumb “h”;
• Cette– eta: defines a feminine noun in the singular;
• Ces– these: indicates a masculine or feminine plural noun.

Note that the masculine demonstrative adjective Set used before a noun that begins with a vowel or a silent "h". Before a noun that begins with a consonant or with h aspirated, the form is used Ce.

To make it clearer and clearer to you, let's see how we use demonstrative adjectives with nouns:

• Ce livre - this book (masculine, before a consonant);
• Ce héro - this hero (masculine before the aspirated "h");
• Cet ouvrier - this worker (masculine before a vowel);
• Cet homme - this person (masculine before dumb "h");
• Cette femme - this woman (feminine before a consonant);
• Cette histoire - this story (feminine before silent "h");
• Cette école - this school (feminine before a vowel);
• Ces livres - these books (plural before a vowel);
• Ces héros - these heroes (plural before aspirated "h");
• Ces femmes - these women (plural before a consonant);
• Ces histoires - these stories (plural before silent "h").

Notice the use of demonstrative adjectives in the short text example:

J'aime beaucoup cet etudiant. C'est lui qui a écrit ces articles et a fait tous ces exercices. C'est lui qui a aidé tous ces collègues. Ce travail est fait aussi par lui. Cette revue est corrigée par mon bon etudiant. Son activite est remarquable. - IveryI lovethisstudent. It was he who wrote these articles and did all these exercises. He helped all his colleagues. This work was also done by him. This journal has been corrected by my good student. His work is wonderful.

Demonstrative adjectives

Location of demonstrative adjectives

Adjectifs demonstratifs are located next to nouns. Demonstrative adjectives are always placed before the nouns they qualify or before the adjectives that precede the noun. For example:

• Ce bon élève - this good student

In addition, demonstrative adjectives can be reinforced with particles ci and la, which are placed after the noun through a hyphen. Note:

• Cet arbre-ci is a tree
• Cette semaine-ci - this week

Particles ci and la as if accentuating, emphasizing the meaning of the word, which is why it acquires an enhanced connotation: it is this tree, this particular week.

It is important not to confuse

Try not to confuse demonstrative adjectives with “C’est is”.

The expression "C'est" consists of two words: the demonstrative pronoun ce (this) + the linking verb être (est) - "to eat". In this situation, the demonstrative pronoun ce (this) is shortened to "c'" because it occurs with a vowel; and the verb être in this case is not translated into Russian.

All together, "C'est" is translated into Russian as "This". It is followed by an indication of the person or thing being referred to. The noun that denotes this subject is used with the indefinite article. This turnover also has the plural form Ce sont, which is used before referring to several persons or objects. In such a turnover, the verb "est" is already a predicate. And, as a result, we get:

• C'est une table - This is a table;
• C'est Michel, mon ami - This is Michel, my friend;
• Ce sont mes amis - These are my friends.

Compare: C'est une table. Cette table est ronde. - It is a table. This table is round.

Russian word "This is" can be translated into French in two ways: using demonstrative adjectives and with turnover "C'est". The main thing is not to confuse.

It is also important not to confuse demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns (Ce, Celui, Celle, Ceux, Celles, etc.). The difference in their usage is that demonstrative pronouns replace nouns and are used without them. Whereas demonstrative adjectives always come before the noun they define, this means that the noun is not removed from the sentence.

Memory exercise

Do a little exercise. In the following nouns, replace the article with the appropriate forms of the demonstrative adjective Ce, Cet, Cette, Ces:

Le livre, la table, l'étudiant, le mur, la chaise, les cahiers, les héros, l'histoire, la revue, le journal, la chanson, le stylo, l'encrier, le professeur, la serviette, les enfants , les exercices, la maison, la joie.

Now, replace the dots with a suitable demonstrative adjective in the following sentences:

1…table est ronde. 2…livres sont interestants. 3…ville est grande. 4…étudiants sont ici. 5…journal me plaît beaucoup. 6…salle d'études est claire. 7…chapeau est blanc. 8… murs sont gris. 9…serviette est sur la table. 10…etudiant est très sérieux.

Here they are, funny and interesting, demonstrative adjectives in French!