Ideals and vital values of people in the state. Values of the Modern Era

Ideals and values orient a person among the objects of the outside world, determining the personal significance of his needs, interests, aspirations in the context of development.

Ideal (French ideal, from the Greek idea- idea, concept, representation) can be defined as a generalized value-normative image of a proper future, formed as a result of an extremely wide generalization of a person's life experience.

As a form of understanding life and an image of perfection, the ideal:

is an inseparable, unstructured formation;
has an evaluative and at the same time emotional-sensual character;
different from everyday reality;
determines the way of thinking and human activity;
is the spiritual expression of a certain norm;
externally regulates a holistic and active attitude of a person to the present, future and even to the past;
has a motivating force to action;
provides a generalized, panoramic plan for the future and the stability of strategic, meaningful characteristics.

According to the degree of generalization, personified, collective and program ideals are distinguished.

Personalized ideals arise, as a rule, in childhood. They crystallize from the child's observations of the closest relatives, literary heroes, pop or sports idols. Personalized ideals are based on an infantile consciousness, which is characterized by self-doubt, a desire for support and protection "from above", an inability to make decisions and be responsible for them. At the same time, personified ideals encourage a person to self-change. By identifying himself with the object of personification, a person tries, albeit according to external parameters, to determine the guidelines for self-development.

The collective ideal crystallizes when no individual image of a person satisfies the increased requirements of the desired image. Forming a collective ideal and moving towards it, a person is freer and more independent than in the case of a personified ideal. He already freely chooses, appropriates, tries on the desired attributes of other people. This implies that a person is able to isolate not only external, but also internal, essential features, which are then woven into the fabric of the collective ideal. In collective ideals, the pragmatic aspect of the ideal is most clearly manifested, which suggests that a person clearly distinguishes between the world of reality and the world of the desired, but not yet realized, the world of norms and the world of super-goals. At the same time, a person who has formed a collective ideal, as a rule, has a more adequate self-esteem and relies primarily on himself.

The program ideal assumes that the "idealizing" person, having passed the stages of personification and collecting the desired properties, can abstract from specific carriers of specific properties. The object of idealization in the program ideal is the subject itself, which has creative faith in itself. Program ideals are incompatible with infantile consciousness, in them a person is guided only by his own strengths and therefore is highly moral.

The higher the degree of development, maturity of the individual, the faster the transition from personalized ideals through collective ideals to program ideals takes place in the worldview system. At the same time, the originality of the personality gives the direction of its activity, determines not the sole presence of ideals of any one type, but which ideals dominate in a person's aspirations.

The ideal guides a person in the course of his activity, is the organizing principle of self-knowledge, gives a person purposefulness, dynamism and a vision of life prospects, and thus acts as a stimulus for spiritual development.

Values act as criteria, standards, on the basis of which an individual or group evaluates any object or phenomenon, justifies and defends the behavioral choice made; or as certain concepts of the desired, which characterize the individual or group and determine the choice of types, means and goals of behavior.

Initially, as a result of the development of ideas about what is due by the public consciousness, social values are formed in various spheres of public life. They are reflected in the works of material and spiritual culture or human actions, which are a concrete embodiment of social value ideals. At the same time, refracting through the prism of individual life activity, social values enter the psychological structure of the individual in the form of personal values.

When it comes to personal values, we must remember that when forming their own system of values, a person focuses not on the declared ones (values that are publicly announced at the level of power structures), but on real social values. The degree of reality of a particular social value is confirmed by social practice.

At the level of society, a significant discrepancy between declared at the state level and real social values causes social discontent, apathy and distrust of any new initiatives coming down "from above".

At the personal level, a dual system of values is also being formed - declared and real. The former allow a person to adapt to requirements imposed from outside, he is guided by the latter when building his own life trajectory. The “meeting” of social and personal declared values, as a rule, leads to the fact that social interaction acquires the character of inauthenticity, and consequently, social and personal development stops (the expression perfectly reflects the moment of such a “meeting”: “You pretend that you are paying us, We pretend to work."

At the same time, the formed personal values and value orientations acquire a certain independence from the regulatory role of external, unassigned values.

Personal values are perceived as stable meanings that set the vector of human activity.

At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between values:

terminal, or limiting, acting as goals that are worth striving for;
instrumental, acting as principles that show that a certain course of action is preferable to achieve a certain goal in any situation.

Instrumental values should ideally match terminal values not only in terms of efficiency but also in terms of ethics (see Chapter 9).

Personal values as activity regulators, to a much greater extent than needs, orient a person towards development, provide a clearer vision of distant goals correlated with life ideals, and greater stability in moving towards these goals (Table 3.2, according to D. A. Leontiev) .

Table 3.2. Differences between needs and personal values as regulators of human activity

Indicator	Needs	Personal values
Source	Individual relationship with the world	Collective experience of social community
Relative Importance and Motive Power	Constantly changing	Unchanging
Moment dependency		Is absent
Subjective localization		"Outside"
The nature of the impact	"Push"	"Attract"
Orientation	pa desired state	in the desired direction
Saturation and deactualization	Temporarily possible	Impossible
Form of representation	Connections with the objective conditions of life	Ideal ("model of due")
Necessity Criteria	Individual	Social (general)

Thus, human activity and development will be much more effective if:

the regulatory role of external, social, unassigned values will decrease and the role of personal values will increase;
a person's needs will be supplanted by his personal values.

Like needs, personal values form a hierarchy, the change of which leads to changes in the direction, pace and efficiency of human activity and development.

As semantic regulators of leadership activity, personal values determine:

perception and understanding of situations and problems (the leader, whose main value is a career, will consider the mistake of a subordinate as a hindrance) for his success, and the leader, for whom the main value is helping others, as an opportunity to support an employee and develop his professional skills);
the attitude of the leader towards others (a leader who highly values loyalty, conformity and politeness will have difficulty accepting self-confident, independent, creatively gifted employees who are reluctant to obey orders);
decisions and actions of the leader (a leader who appreciates courage and loyalty to convictions is ready to make unpopular decisions if he is sure of their correctness);
use and delegation of power (a leader who considers power as the highest value will concentrate it in his hands; a leader for whom the competence and interests of others are the highest value will distribute power among group members if this ensures a more effective solution of group-wide tasks);
ways of resolving conflicts (a leader for whom competition and ambition are most valuable will behave differently from a leader who highly values cooperation)2; etc.

Practice shows that values are of great importance in the activities of a leader as guidelines and criteria for his activity. That is why a lot of leadership concepts based on the value approach have recently appeared (see Chapter 2).

Values and ideals... But as soon as any ideals replace values, they become false...

"Values"- this is what exists in reality and what people have, and " ideals"what people aspire to, but they do not have in reality, and perhaps never will. Ideals are always expressed in some statements.

Here one should distinguish between the existence of statements as a fact of their possession by a social individual or social association, and the content of the ideals expressed in these texts. The content of ideals can be false or true, which is established according to the rules of logic, and people come into conflict and even kill each other, because these texts have value for them or people are involved and placed in the conditions for accepting these texts (for example, a contract, an oath etc.), regardless of their falsity or truth. Therefore, it is one thing to proclaim some ideals, and another to realize them.

Realization of ideals always results in a practical effect that is the opposite of what was expected. Plato ("State"): "Why do people create a society? Why do people lead a life together? In order to be happy people. And what is a happy life together? This is a fair life. What is a fair life? A fair life together is established when everyone is busy with their own business, does it well and does not interfere with others .... "This concept of Plato, the ideal of the social world order, was implemented in Nazi Germany: "To each his own", "Kyuhen, kinder, church", etc. the slogans are well known to us... Ideals must remain ideals and not replace values.

As soon as ideals, any ideals, replace values, they become false.... In this, precisely this sense - all ideals without exception are false ... Why does the substitution of ideals and values inevitably lead to practical contradictions? According to the definition of "ideals". "Ideals" - are created by abstraction. The one who creates some ideal will be called "ideologist". Ideologist always singles out and fixes not everything, but only some, essential, from the point of view of the ideologist, aspects of reality. Therefore, when "ideals" are tried to be implemented in reality, then at one stage or another of their implementation, contradictions inevitably arise ... What is impossible logically is also impossible empirically. The idealization conditions are the same, but the realization conditions are essentially different.

Now let's define the terms"value" and "ideal" according to the rules of logic. The language uses the term "value" in two senses, as a predicate term, i.e. a sign of an object, and as a term-subject, i.e. some thing (object) that is said in the statement.

BUT.
1."Value", as a predicate term, is a property (attribute) that can acquire (change) any object under such and only such conditions: 1. The object exists, i.e. it is selected and fixed in reality, 2. The relation the subject and the social subject are aware of it (legal, legal, material, technical, and other types and types of relations);

2. "Value", as a term-subject, is any real object that corresponds to such and only such signs: 1. Regarding the object called "value", relations of equivalence or comparison with other objects are fixed, social individuals are aware of this and they agree with such a definition of it ; 2. The social individual is able each time to restore the rules for defining and operating with the object as a "value".

B.
"Ideal"- a statement that has the following characteristics: 1. A statement is always created by the method of isolating abstraction; 2. What is stated in the statement about the subject does not contain the conditions for its implementation (existence in reality); 3. What is asserted about an object is always fulfilled in relation to those properties of the object that were fixed in an isolating abstraction, and is never completely fulfilled, but only partially, in relation to reality, including the thoughts and actions of people.

"A crime needs justification"... A criminal is always looking for a pretext for his action, the substitution of the concepts of "ideal" and "value" is a way of forming such a justification for a crime... For example - "You are Aryans, and therefore everything is given to you from birth , you don’t need to think, you have racial superiority ... ”,“ You are the proletariat, the hegemon of history, and therefore you have been given the right by origin, you don’t need to think ...", etc. formulas when "ideals" replace "values" ...

People kill each other for various reasons and for no reason ... When I served in the army, one soldier deserted with a weapon. Our guard company was placed in a barrier to catch a deserter. Should I shoot the fugitive if he comes at me or not? My decision does not automatically follow from any ideals, only concretely and every time people make such decisions ...

In social empiricism, there is no rigid determination between an ideal and an action (for example, murder) as a cause and effect.
There is a rigid natural connection in the fact that the "ideal" has logically the same properties (by definition of this concept), and the "values" have logically different properties, and therefore, when ideals replace values, they inevitably become false.

For example, adventurers who, "nationalist ideals" presented not as ideals, but as a project and a program that they began to implement in reality, i.e. "ideals" were given the status of "values", the Bolsheviks - also, the German fascists - also, the conquistadors - also ...

Crime always needs justification... Defining terms is the well-known and surest way to unite people according to one or another conscious criterion, to unite with the help of signs. People accept the text and agree with the text, in which some ideal is expressed, subjectively, but the very fact of acceptance is already an objective fact, an empirical sociological fact that can be observed, calculated, etc. For example, elections to government bodies, each voter makes a choice subjectively, but the result of the elections is objective.

It's obvious that the operation of defining terms is important as a universal device for organizing people into social associations, as a universal part of the mechanism for creating social associations.

At school, remember, in the class, the teacher told us: “We will call such and such an object so-and-so” or “We will consider such-and-such a position to be true, and such a statement to be false,” etc., if all the students in the class agree, then the teacher, thus, unites the class about the meaning and meaning of the subject, introduces a general norm of attitude towards the subject. Now everyone in the class relates the term to the subject in a certain way. If some social individuals accepted, for example, that they would consider "Muscovites - non-humans, scoundrels, a hole in humanity," quilted jackets ", then they act in accordance with such a definition in solidarity or "that the Ukrainian Front consisted mainly of ethnic Ukrainians, and therefore was called "Ukrainian", etc.

ESSAY

discipline: Culturology

Ideals in modern society

Introduction

1. Ideals and values: a historical overview

2. Cultural space of the 60s and modern Russia

Conclusion

List of used literature

The fundamental characteristic of the human environment in modern society is social change. For an ordinary person - the subject of social cognition - the instability of society is perceived, first of all, as the uncertainty of the existing situation. Therefore, there is a twofold process in relations with the future. On the one hand, in a situation of instability and uncertainty about the future, which exists even among the wealthy segments of the population, a person tries to find something that will give him confidence, support in possible future changes. Some people try to secure their future through property, others try to build on higher ideals. For many, it is education that is perceived as a kind of guarantee that increases security in changing social circumstances and contributes to confidence in the future.

Morality is a way of regulating people's behavior. Other ways of regulation are custom and law. Morality includes moral feelings, norms, commandments, principles, ideas about good and evil, honor, dignity, justice, happiness, etc. Based on this, a person evaluates his goals, motives, feelings, actions, thoughts. Everything in the surrounding world can be subjected to moral evaluation. Including the world itself, its structure, as well as society or its individual institutions, actions, thoughts, feelings of other people, etc. A person can subject even God and his deeds to a moral assessment. This is discussed, for example, in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "The Brothers Karamazov", in the section on the Grand Inquisitor.

Morality is, therefore, such a way of understanding and evaluating reality, which can judge everything and can pass judgment on any event, phenomenon of the outer world and the inner world. But in order to judge and pass a sentence, one must, firstly, have the right to do so, and, secondly, have criteria for evaluation, ideas about moral and immoral.

In modern Russian society, spiritual discomfort is felt, largely due to the moral conflict of generations. Modern youth cannot accept the way of life and style of thinking idealized by the elders, while the older generation is convinced that it used to be better, about modern society - it is soulless and doomed to decay. What gives the right to such a moral assessment? Does it have a healthy grain? This work is devoted to the analysis of the problem of ideals in modern society and its applicability to the current situation in Russia.

Moral assessment is based on the idea of how "should be", i.e. an idea of some proper world order, which does not yet exist, but which nevertheless should be, an ideal world order. From the point of view of moral consciousness, the world should be kind, honest, fair, humane. If he is not like that, so much the worse for the world, it means that he has not yet grown up, has not matured, has not fully realized the potentialities inherent in him. Moral consciousness "knows" what the world should be like and thus, as it were, pushes reality to move in this direction. Those. moral consciousness believes that the world can and should be made more perfect. The current state of the world does not suit him, it is basically immoral, there is still no morality in it and it must be introduced there.

In nature, everyone strives to survive and competes with others for the good things of life. Mutual assistance and cooperation are rare phenomena here. In society, on the contrary, life is impossible without mutual assistance and cooperation. In nature, the weak perish; in society, the weak are helped. This is the main difference between man and animal. And this is something new that a person brings into this world. But a person is not “ready” for this world, he grows out of the realm of nature and in it the natural and human principles compete all the time. Morality is the expression of the human in man.

A true person is one who is able to live for others, help others, even sacrifice himself for others. Self-sacrifice is the highest manifestation of morality, embodied in the image of the God-man, Christ, who for a long time remained an unattainable ideal for people, a role model. From biblical times, man began to realize his duality: a man-beast began to turn into a man-god. After all, God is not in heaven, he is in the soul of everyone and everyone is capable of being a god, i.e. to sacrifice something for the sake of others, to give others a particle of yourself.

The most important condition of morality is human freedom. Freedom means independence, autonomy of a person from the outside world. Of course, man is not God, he is a material being, he lives in the world, he must eat, drink, survive. And yet, thanks to consciousness, a person gains freedom, he is not determined by the outside world, although he depends on it. A person defines himself, creates himself, decides what he should be. If a person says: “What can I do? Nothing depends on me,” he himself chose unfreedom, his dependence.

Conscience is indisputable evidence that a person is free. If there is no freedom, then there is nothing to judge for: an animal that killed a person is not judged, a car is not judged. A person is judged and, above all, he is judged by his own conscience, unless he has already turned into an animal, although this is also not uncommon. Free, according to the Bible, a person is considered even by God, who endowed him with free will. Man has long understood that freedom is both happiness and a burden. Freedom, identical to reason, distinguishes man from animals and gives him the joy of knowledge and creativity. But, at the same time, freedom is a heavy responsibility for oneself and one's actions, for the world as a whole.

Man, as a creature capable of creativity, is similar to God or nature as a whole, to that creative force that creates the world. This means that he is able to either improve this world, make it better, or destroy, destroy. In any case, he is responsible for his actions, for his actions, big and small. Each act changes something in this world, and if a person does not think about it, does not track the consequences of his actions, then he has not yet become a man, a rational being, he is still on his way and it is not known where this path will lead.

Is there one moral or are there many? Maybe everyone has their own morality? It is not so easy to answer this question. Obviously, in society there are always several codes of conduct practiced in various social groups.

The regulation of relationships in society is largely determined by moral traditions, which include a system of moral values and ideals. A significant place in the emergence and evolution of these ideals belongs to philosophical and religious systems.

In ancient philosophy, a person realizes himself as a cosmic being, tries to comprehend his place in space. The search for truth is the search for an answer to the question of how the world works and how I myself work, what is good, goodness. The traditional notions of good and evil are rethought, the true good is singled out as opposed to the fact that it is not a true good, but is only considered as such. If ordinary consciousness considered wealth and power, as well as the pleasures they bring, to be good, philosophy singled out the true good - wisdom, courage, moderation, justice.

In the era of Christianity, there is a significant shift in moral consciousness. There were also general moral principles formulated by Christianity, which, however, were not particularly practiced in ordinary life even among the clergy. But this in no way devalues the significance of Christian morality, in which important universal moral principles and commandments were formulated.

With its negative attitude towards property in any of its forms ("do not collect treasures on the ground"), Christian morality opposed itself to the type of moral consciousness that prevailed in the Roman Empire. The main idea in it is the idea of spiritual equality - the equality of all before God.

Christian ethics readily accepted everything acceptable to it from earlier ethical systems. Thus, the well-known rule of morality “Do not do to a man what you do not wish for yourself”, the authorship of which is attributed to Confucius and the Jewish sages, entered the canon of Christian ethics along with the commandments of the Sermon on the Mount.

Early Christian ethics laid the foundations of humanism, preaching philanthropy, unselfishness, mercy, non-resistance to evil by violence. The latter presupposed resistance without causing harm to another, moral opposition. However, this in no way meant giving up their beliefs. In the same sense, the question of the moral right to be condemned was also raised: “Judge not, lest you be judged” should be understood as “Do not condemn, do not pass judgment, for you yourself are not sinless,” but stop the evildoer, stop the spread of evil.

Christian ethics proclaims the commandment of kindness and love for the enemy, the principle of universal love: "You heard what was said:" Love your neighbor and hate your enemy. But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you... for if you love those who love you, what reward have you?”

In modern times, in the XVI-XVII centuries, there are significant changes in society, which could not but affect morality. Protestantism proclaimed that the main duty of a believer before God is hard work in his profession, and the evidence of God's chosenness is success in business. Thus, the Protestant Church gave its flock the go-ahead: “Get rich!”. If earlier Christianity claimed that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven, now it is the other way around - the rich become God's chosen ones, and the poor - rejected by God.

ESSAY

discipline: Culturology

Ideals in modern society

Introduction

2. Cultural space of the 60s and modern Russia

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

The fundamental characteristic of the human environment in modern society is social change. For an ordinary person, the subject of social cognition, the instability of society is perceived, first of all, as the uncertainty of the existing situation. Therefore, there is a twofold process in relations with the future. On the one hand, in a situation of instability and uncertainty about the future, which exists even among the wealthy segments of the population, a person tries to find something that will give him confidence, support in possible future changes. Some people try to secure their future through property, others try to build on higher ideals. For many, it is education that is perceived as a kind of guarantee that increases security in changing social circumstances and contributes to confidence in the future.

Morality is a way of regulating people's behavior. Other ways of regulation custom and law. Morality includes moral feelings, norms, commandments, principles, ideas about good and evil, honor, dignity, justice, happiness, etc. Based on this, a person evaluates his goals, motives, feelings, actions, thoughts. Everything in the surrounding world can be subjected to moral evaluation. Including the world itself, its structure, as well as society or its individual institutions, actions, thoughts, feelings of other people, etc. A person can subject even God and his deeds to a moral assessment. This is discussed, for example, in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "The Brothers Karamazov", in the section on the Grand Inquisitor.

In modern Russian society, spiritual discomfort is felt, largely due to the moral conflict of generations. Modern youth cannot accept the way of life and style of thinking idealized by the elders, while the older generation is convinced that it used to be better, that modern society is soulless and doomed to decay. What gives the right to such a moral assessment? Does it have a healthy grain? This work is devoted to the analysis of the problem of ideals in modern society and its applicability to the current situation in Russia.

1. Ideals and values: a historical overview

Conscience is indisputable evidence that a person is free. If there is no freedom, then there is nothing to judge for: an animal that killed a person is not judged, a car is not judged. A person is judged and, above all, he is judged by his own conscience, unless he has already turned into an animal, although this is also not uncommon. Free, according to the Bible, a person is considered even by God, who endowed him with free will. Man has long understood that freedom and happiness, and a burden. Freedom, identical to reason, distinguishes man from animals and gives him the joy of knowledge and creativity. But, at the same time, freedom is a heavy responsibility for oneself and one's actions, for the world as a whole.

In modern times, in the XVI-XVII centuries, there are significant changes in society, which could not but affect morality. Protestantism proclaimed that the main duty of the believer to God is to persevere.

Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications

Federal Communications Agency

Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics

Department of Sociology, Political Science and Psychology

home writing

Topic: "Values in modern Russian society"

Is done by a student

checked

Introduction 3

Values in modern Russia: results of an expert study 4

Dominant values 6

Material well-being 6

The value of "I" (individualism) 7

Career (self-realization) 7

Stability 8

Freedom 9

Respect for elders 9

God (faith in God) 10

Patriotism 10

Duty and Honor 11

Antivalues 12

“Ideal” consolidating values 13

Conclusions: key trends in the development of the Russian value doctrine 14

Conclusion 15

References 16

Introduction

Value is a characteristic feature of human life. For many centuries, people have developed the ability to identify objects and phenomena in the world around them that meet their needs and to which they treat in a special way: they value and protect them, focus on them in their life. In ordinary word usage, “value” is understood to mean one or another meaning of some object (thing, state, act), its dignity with a “plus” or “minus” sign, something desirable or harmful, in other words, good or bad.

No society can do without values, as for individuals, they have a choice - to share these values or not. Some are committed to the values of collectivism, while others are committed to the values of individualism. For some, the highest value is money, for others - moral impeccability, for others - a political career.

At the present time, the problem of value is of great importance. This is explained by the fact that the process of renewal of all spheres of public life has brought to life many new, both positive and negative phenomena. Developing scientific and technological progress, industrialization and informatization of all spheres of modern society - all this gives rise to the growth of a negative attitude towards history, culture, traditions and leads to the devaluation of values in the modern world.

The lack of spiritual values is felt today in all spheres. Many of our ideals have changed drastically in the course of change. The spiritual balance was disturbed, and a destructive stream of indifference, cynicism, disbelief, envy, and hypocrisy rushed into the resulting void.

The purpose of my work is to study these changes and identify new, modern values of Russian society.

Values in modern Russia: results of an expert study

In the period from July 15 to September 10, 2007, specialists from the Pitirim Sorokin Foundation conducted a study entitled "Values in Modern Russia". It became the first stage of a large-scale project of the same name aimed at helping to develop a value base capable of consolidating various groups of Russian society.

The relevance of the study is due to the obvious demand of society for a new understanding of the value foundation. Various state and social institutions respond to such a request by intensifying the discussion of this topic, but it is not accompanied by a study of the fundamental foundations on which the expected correction of the value doctrine of society should take place. How do Russians understand the concept of “value”? What moral standards are capable of consolidating society? What ideology should these values serve to form? The initiators of the research project will try to find answers to these and other questions.

The purpose of the first - this - stage of work was to study the value trends of Russian society. In particular, the following tasks were proposed for solution:

To study opinions about the key values that dominate Russian society at the present stage.

Determine the vector of correction of the axiological preferences of various religious, ethnic and age groups of Russians.

Record the understanding of the concept of "national ideology" by various audiences, as well as experts' forecasts regarding the development of the national idea of Russia.

Determine the value priorities of the Russian youth, associated political preferences and electoral plans.

The study was conducted through an expert survey and focus groups with various youth audiences.

According to the opinion of social scientists surveyed, the Russian value system is still chaotic, undergoing transformation, and in its new quality has not yet fully formed.

The reasons for such a long process of registration are " numerous cataclysms that befell Russia in the past century and reflected in the collective consciousness of the population. Experts believe that " people still have not recovered from the feeling of the ground knocked out from under their feet“According to the estimates of social scientists, today in Russia there is no single value system.

However, many value subsystems coexist in the country, spontaneously formed in accordance with the interests and needs of certain social groups.

Some experts called the modern value picture of Russia " a situation of valuable fragments", when " various parts of society use their wreckage».

Dominant values

Among the axiological attitudes characteristic of modern Russian society, the participants in the study - experts and actors of youth focus groups - indicated the following values (ranked according to the principle of descent of the noted significance):

Material well-being.

The value of "I" (individualism).

Career (self-realization).

Stability.
Respect for elders.
God (faith in God).
Patriotism.
Duty and honor.

Material well-being

The priority of the values of material well-being and consumer prosperity (colloquially - mercantilism) for most of the modern Russian society is noted by many experts. First of all, these values are highlighted by the social scientists surveyed, who have the opportunity to follow the dynamics of social demands in the course of their professional activities. They note that the consumer orientation for Russia is unconventional, since it began to take shape only in the period of the 90s, when “idealist” generations left the socially active life.

Analyzing the reasons for the dominance of consumer orientation as a value, the experts pointed out the massive propaganda of the consumer lifestyle and the urbanization of the country as such.

The value of "I" (individualism)

The respondents believe that it is precisely in the concentration of an individual on his own needs and, accordingly, “ in the perception of the surrounding world through an egocentric prism is the essence of individualism as a value.

Such a situation, according to experts, is a consequence of the introduction of the idea of a consumer society, when a hypertrophied orientation towards prosperity focuses a person only on personal interests. Individualism is a response to the empty niche of "common" values, the Soviet system of which was destroyed, and a new one was not created.

The dominance of individualist values, according to a number of respondents, limits the socio-psychological wealth and cultural prospects of the country.

Career (self-realization)

A kind of conversion of the individualistic priorities of modern Russian society is the presentation by experts as an important value of self-realization, which primarily means a successful career. According to a large part of the respondents, it is she who gives Russians, especially young people, “ feeling of worth in the eyes of others", testifies to" social standards" gives the feeling that " you have achieved something in life". Self-realization as the dominant value at the current stage was identified by both experts and young people who participated in focus groups.

Family

The basic nature of the value of the family was noted by all participants in the study without exception.

However, the nature of loyalty to family values differed in a number of expert groups. A significant part of the respondents confidently insist that the family in Russia has been and remains a key element of the social system.

Supporters of this position note that in the new Russia the trend of growing importance of the family is increasing and insist on the need for systematic work to introduce family values into the public consciousness.

For another number of experts, the appeal to the family as a value is external - inertial - in nature: this value is indicated as fundamental, but subsequent discussions about it demonstrate a peripheral attitude to the institution of the family in reality.

Separately, it is worth highlighting the position of young people regarding the family: an unexpected result of the study was the fact that, despite the erosion of the institution of the family in a modern globalized society, the vast majority of the young audience states the importance of the family, points to the importance of preserving and protecting the family institution.

Stability

The vast majority of respondents - experts and participants in youth focus groups - noted stability, which means the absence of socio-political and economic cataclysms, as a value that is basic for them.

Young people associate the likelihood of their success in life with stability. Experts of middle and older age explain the desire for stability by fatigue from the “epoch of change”.

Society's desire for stability, experts say, has socio-psychological and pragmatic aspects. Firstly, the correction of the circumstances of existence from extreme to comfortable requires the instinct of psychological self-preservation of society. Secondly, Russians associate the prospects for a personal and national economic breakthrough with stability.

freedom

Freedom as a basic socially significant value in the course of the study was noted mainly by representatives of the youth audience. At the same time, it is worth pointing out the semantic dichotomy of the value of freedom, which manifested itself in connection with which youth groups spoke out on this issue.

Ideals and vital values ​​of people in the state. Values ​​of the Modern Era

Introduction

Values ​​in modern Russia: results of an expert study

Dominant values

Material well-being

The value of "I" (individualism)

Career (self-realization)

Family

Stability

freedom

Ideals and vital values of people in the state. Values of the Modern Era

Values in modern Russia: results of an expert study