Hierarchy of military ranks. Military and ship military ranks of the military personnel of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and insignia

There are two types of ranks in the armed forces of the Russian Federation - military and naval.
Enlisted personnel

Private- the lowest military rank in the army of Russia and most other countries, only a recruit or cadet is higher in rank (except for officer courses). In the Armed Forces of the USSR, the title was introduced in 1946 (before that - a fighter, a Red Army soldier).

Students are referred to as "cadets". During the training period, they are awarded military ranks of privates, and in case of successful completion of a military educational institution, the officer rank of lieutenant is immediately awarded.

corporal- a military rank assigned to the senior and best soldiers, who replace them during the absence of squad commanders.

In the armed forces of the USSR (and then Russia), a corporal is a military rank in status higher than a private and lower than a junior sergeant.
Awarded for exemplary performance of official duties and exemplary military discipline. Designated by one stripe on shoulder straps.

In the Navy, he corresponds to the rank of senior sailor (photo on the right).

Lance Sergeant- military rank in the army of Russia and some other countries, in rank below a sergeant and above a corporal. Established position - commander of a squad, tank, combat vehicle. Also, the rank of "junior sergeant" in exceptional cases may be awarded upon transfer to the reserve to the most distinguished conscripts with the rank of "corporal", but not in a regular position, providing for the rank of sergeant.

Sergeant- military rank of junior command staff in the armies of many countries.

In the Soviet army and the Russian Armed Forces and other power structures, the military (special) rank of sergeant was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of November 2, 1940. Assigned to: cadets who completed training in the training units under the sergeant training program with marks "excellent"; junior sergeants who are worthy of being awarded the next military rank and appointed to positions for which the states provide for the rank of sergeant or when they are transferred to the reserve. Established position - commander of a squad, tank, combat vehicle.

Staff Sergeant- a military rank in the army of Russia and a number of other countries, in rank above a sergeant and below a foreman.

The words “justice” or “medical service” are added to the military rank of a serviceman or citizen who is in the reserve, having a military registration specialty of a legal or medical profile, respectively.
To the military rank of a citizen who is in the reserve or retired, the words "reserve" or "retired" are added, respectively. Job Title: Deputy Platoon Leader.

foreman- military rank of sergeant (foreman) composition. In the armed forces of the USSR, it was introduced by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935. According to the current situation, it is assigned to the best senior sergeants who have served in sergeant positions for at least 6 months and are appointed to positions for which the states provide for the rank of foreman, as well as positively attested senior sergeants with putting them on the reserve. In the Navy, the rank of foreman corresponds to the rank of chief ship foreman (until 1971, in the Navy of the USSR, the rank of foreman corresponded to the rank of midshipman).
An official in a company (battery). He is the direct head of the soldiers and sergeants of his unit; responsible for the correct performance of their service, military discipline, internal order, the safety of weapons and other property. Reports to the company commander and, in the absence of officers, performs his duties. Persons in the ranks of warrant officers (midshipmen) and long-term servicemen in sergeant ranks are appointed to the positions of foreman of a company (battery).

In the Navy, the rank of foreman corresponds to the rank of chief ship foreman (photo on the right).

Ensign- military rank (rank) in the armies of a number of countries. In the Armed Forces of the USSR, the ranks of ensign and midshipman were introduced on January 1, 1972. Ensigns and warrant officers are a separate category of military personnel. According to their official position, duties and rights, they occupy a place close to junior officers, they are their closest assistants and superiors for soldiers (sailors) and sergeants (foremen) of one unit with them. Since 1981, the rank of senior warrant officer has also been introduced.

The military rank of ensign is assigned, as a rule, upon graduation from the relevant schools that do not have the status of higher military educational institutions (graduates of such educational institutions immediately receive officer ranks). Ensigns wear shoulder straps and sleeve insignia of the established pattern.

The naval military rank of military personnel in the Navy is midshipman (photo on the right).

Senior ensign- a military rank in the Russian army and in the armies of a number of states, in rank higher than an ensign, but lower than officers. On January 12, 1981, the military rank of senior warrant officer was introduced in the Soviet Army, coastal units and aviation of the Navy, border and internal troops.

On ships, vessels, in the coastal combat support units of the Navy and the naval units of the border troops - a senior midshipman (photo on the right).

junior officers

Ensign- the primary military rank of junior officers in the armies and navies of many countries.

Earlier in the Soviet army, the title was awarded to graduates of secondary specialized educational institutions, in wartime - to graduates of accelerated officer training courses. Currently, in the Russian army, the rank of junior lieutenant is awarded to senior cadets of some higher military educational institutions (for example, 5th year cadets of some military medical academies), graduates of regimental and divisional junior lieutenant schools, and in exceptional cases - graduates of civilian secondary specialized educational institutions and ensigns (midshipmen) for special distinctions or in case of an acute shortage of officers.

Lieutenant- military rank of junior officer in the army of many countries. Assigned as an officer rank to military personnel who have graduated from military schools, and to those liable for military service who have undergone military training in civilian universities, as well as in other cases. The rank of lieutenant is awarded to junior lieutenants after the expiration of the established period of service with a positive attestation.

Senior Lieutenant- military rank of junior officers in the armed forces of many states, including Russia.

Before the military rank of a serviceman serving in a guards military unit, on a guards ship, the word "guards" is added.
The words “justice” or “medical service” are added to the military rank of a serviceman or citizen who is in the reserve, having a military registration specialty of a legal or medical profile, respectively.
To the military rank of a citizen who is in the reserve or retired, the words "reserve" or "retired" are added, respectively.
The placement of stars on shoulder straps for a senior lieutenant of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is two lower stars on both sides of the longitudinal line of shoulder straps and the third one is higher than the first two on the longitudinal center line of shoulder straps, the diameter of the stars is 14 mm. The stars form an equilateral triangle with a side slightly less than 29 mm between the centers of the stars. A button is located at the top of the shoulder straps.

Captain- military rank of officers in the army and navy of many countries of the world.

In artillery, the rank of captain corresponds to the position of battery commander (combatr). If this rank is received by an engineer, then the rank is called "engineer-captain". A similar system exists in the Navy (engineer-captain of the 3rd rank, for example).
In the police, the captain usually occupies a position corresponding to the platoon leader.

For the naval personnel of the Navy - Lieutenant Commander (photo on the right).

Senior officers

Major- the first rank of senior officers.

In the Navy, he corresponds to the rank of captain of the 3rd rank (photo on the right).

Lieutenant colonel- military and special rank of senior officers between major and colonel in the modern army, special services and law enforcement agencies of the USSR and the Russian Federation, as well as the armies and law enforcement agencies of many other countries.

In the Navy, the rank of lieutenant colonel corresponds to the rank of Captain 2nd rank (photo on the right).

Colonel- military rank of officers in the Russian army and in the armies of most countries of the world. The colonel belongs to the senior officers.

In the armed forces of the USSR, the military rank of colonel was introduced by a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of September 22, 1935. In the Russian army, it is located between the ranks of lieutenant colonel and major general.

In the Navy, the rank of colonel for ship officers corresponds to the rank of captain of the 1st rank (photo on the right).

Senior officer corps

Major General- the primary military rank of senior officers, located between the colonel or brigadier general and lieutenant general. A major general usually commands a division (about 15,000 personnel).

Lieutenant General- the military rank of the highest officers in the armies of a number of states.

In the military hierarchy, a major is higher than a lieutenant, but at the same time, a lieutenant general is higher in rank than a major general. Historically, in the rank system, there was the title of "full general" or simply general - rank, one step below the field marshal. Thus, the rank of "lieutenant general" originally meant rather a position - a deputy full general.

In the Armed Forces of Russia, he usually commands an army as part of a military district and holds a number of staff positions. In the category of naval personnel of the Navy, the rank of lieutenant general corresponds to the rank of vice admiral (photo on the right).

Colonel General- the military rank of the highest officers in a number of countries of the world. In the armed forces of the Russian Federation, the military rank of the highest officer is higher than lieutenant general, but lower than army general.

In the armed forces of the Russian Federation and other "power" structures, the colonel general is usually the deputy commander/chief of staff of the military district, and also holds senior positions in the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff.
Before the military rank of a serviceman serving in a guards military unit, on a guards ship, the word "guards" is added.
The words “justice” or “medical service” are added to the military rank of a serviceman or citizen who is in the reserve, having a military registration specialty of a legal or medical profile, respectively.
To the military rank of a citizen who is in the reserve or retired, the words "reserve" or "retired" are added, respectively. In the Russian Navy, the Russian Armed Forces correspond to the rank of admiral (photo on the right).

Army General- military rank in the armies of a number of states.

In the army of the Russian Federation, servicemen of artillery, aviation, communications troops, tank troops can be awarded the title of "general of the army" (in contrast to the Soviet army, where there was the rank of marshal of the armed forces).

The corresponding rank in the Navy is Admiral of the Fleet (photo on the right).

Even if at the lessons of military training a mustachioed military instructor forced you to cram ranks in the Russian army, we are sure that nothing has been deposited in your head, except for the unrestrained "rzhach" in the classroom, pigtails of classmates and the first cigarettes smoked around the corner of the school.

It's time to fill this gap in order to distinguish the "real colonel" from the "ensign Shmatko" at a glance.

Ranks in the Russian army? Where are they "distributed"?

In the Russian army, all military ranks are divided into 2 large categories:

ship (those that brave sailors receive);
military (assigned to "land rats").

Category number 1. "Ship": "You are a sailor, I am a sailor ..."

Ship ranks can boast in the Russian army by those who serve in:

Navy(his submarine and surface forces). Oh, these brave officers in naval uniform - how many girls' hearts they broke!;
military naval units MIA. Yes, yes, there are also marine policemen!

protection (coastal) of the Border Service of the Russian FSB.

No, they do not catch poachers with two buckets of crucian carp, but protect water lines from illegal immigrants and other violators.

Category number 2. "Military": "And I love the military, beautiful, hefty ...".

Meeting a sea captain in a white tunic is a rather difficult task if you do not live somewhere near the gentle sea. But do not despair!

In the Russian army, ranks are also received in:

armed forces;
Ministry of Internal Affairs (district and other police "people");

Ministry of Emergency Situations (brave "Malibu rescuers");

“If you think that the work of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is sheer heroism and a thriller, then I have to disappoint you: sometimes you just have to carry out explanatory work with priests so that the church does not burn with candles, and with them old parishioners and cats from trees shoot, and tell grandmothers how to heat the stove in winter and not suffocate from carbon monoxide. But rank, uniform, and social benefits make the job much more bearable.”, - Vadim from Khmelnitsky shares his impressions of the service.

Intelligence Service (foreign) (yeah-ah, those very followers of Stirlitz!);
Federal Security Service;
other military units.

All ranks of the Russian army in one table: dispelling the "darkness of ignorance"

So that you do not fall asleep on the third line of a simple listing of ranks in the Russian army, we offer you a simple cheat sheet (military and ship ranks placed on the same line correspond to each other):

	Ranks in the Russian army:
Type	Military	ship
Non-officer	private, corporal, Lance Sergeant, sergeant, staff Sergeant, foreman, ensign, Senior Warrant Officer	sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second article, foreman of the first article, chief sergeant, chief ship sergeant, midshipman, senior midshipman
junior officers	junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain	junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, lieutenant commander
Senior officers	major, lieutenant colonel, colonel	captain of the 1st rank, captain of the 2nd rank, captain of the 3rd rank
Senior officer corps	major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army General, Marshal of the Russian Federation	rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, fleet admiral

As can be seen from the table, there are one more military ranks! But what!

Find 10 differences: shoulder straps for different ranks in the Russian army

To make it clear at a glance “who is who?” in the Russian troops, insignia were introduced - sleeve insignia (for sailors) shoulder straps and shoulder straps (for all soldiers).

1) Shoulder straps of non-officer ranks

2) Shoulder straps of officer ranks

Top 12 interesting facts about ranks in the Russian army

The only one who can command the Marshal of the Russian Federation (even give him the command “Take prone emphasis!”) Is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, who is also the President of the Russian Federation. Moreover, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief is a position, not a rank in the Russian troops.
The current President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin left the FSB with the rank of colonel, but now the position allows him to "build" the holders of the highest military ranks.
The Minister of Defense commands both the sailors and the ground forces. Therefore, there is no rank higher than the Admiral of the Fleet in the Naval Forces.
Do not try to express your respect for the brave warriors by diligently writing out their ranks in the Russian armed forces with a capital letter. The fact is that all these words (from a sailor to a marshal) are written with a small letter;
If you were lucky enough to serve in the guards, then the word “guards” is added to the rank, for example, “guards colonel”. Agree, it sounds!
Even if you retired or reserve and quietly grow cucumbers in the country, your title is assigned to you with the prefix “in reserve” or “retired”.
“The colonel, even if he is retired or in reserve, will still embarrass the traffic sergeant who stopped him for violating traffic rules. The poor guy scolds, scolds and lets go without a fine. So the title works for you!”- with a laugh says the military pensioner Alexander from Kharkov.
To the ranks of military doctors and lawyers, they add "justice" (for example, "captain of justice") or "medical service" (for example, "colonel of the medical service").
This, of course, is not George Clooney from ER, but it also sounds great!
Those who entered a military university, but so far only in sweet dreams see their high ranks in the Russian troops, are called cadets, but those who have already managed to “sniff gunpowder” (has a military rank) are called listeners.
For a whole year of service (urgent), the maximum that “shines” for you in the Russian army is the rank of sergeant.
Since 2012, the ranks of chief ship foreman and foreman have not been assigned (they are simply “jumped”), but they remained on pieces of paper. Such is the "wonderland"!
Although the rank of major is higher than that of a lieutenant, by some strange, inexplicable logic, a lieutenant general in the Russian Federation is higher in rank than a major general.

In the Russian army, the next rank is awarded for personal merit and length of service. If your commanders judge your bright moral character, high level of "combat and political training", then how much you need to "chip" from rank to rank, we will orient you:

No. p / p	Rank in the Russian army	length of service
1	Private, sailor	5 months
2	Junior sergeant, foreman of the second article	1 year
3	Sergeant, foreman of the first article	2 years
4	Senior sergeant, chief foreman	3 years
5	Ensign, midshipman	3 years
6	Ensign	2 years
7	Lieutenant	3 years
8	Senior Lieutenant	3 years
9	Captain, Lieutenant Commander	4 years
10	Major, captain 3rd rank	4 years
11	Lieutenant Colonel, Captain 2nd Rank	5 years

Then, in order to get another "asterisk" on shoulder straps, you will have to serve 5 years. A prerequisite is also the presence of a position suitable for your new rank:

Rank	Position
Private	All newly drafted into the army, all lower positions (gunner, driver, gun crew number, driver, sapper, scout, radio operator, etc.)
corporal	There are no full-time corporal posts. The title is awarded to high-skilled soldiers in lower positions.
junior sergeant, sergeant	Squad, tank, gun commander
Staff Sergeant	Deputy Platoon Leader
foreman	Company foreman
Ensign, Art. ensign	The commander of a platoon of material support, the foreman of the company, the head of the warehouse, the head of the radio station and other non-commissioned officers positions that require high qualifications. Can occupy lower officer positions with a lack of officers
Ensign	Platoon commander. Usually this rank is awarded in conditions of an acute shortage of officers after passing an accelerated officer course.
Lieutenant, Art. lieutenant	Platoon commander, deputy company commander.
Captain	Company commander, training platoon commander
Major	Deputy battalion commander. Training company commander
Lieutenant colonel	Battalion commander, deputy regiment commander
Colonel	Regiment commander, deputy brigade commander, brigade commander, deputy division commander
Major General	Division Commander, Deputy Corps Commander
Lieutenant General	Corps Commander, Deputy Army Commander
Colonel General	Army Commander, Deputy District (Front) Commander
Army General	Commander of the district (front), deputy minister of defense, minister of defense, chief of the general staff, other senior positions
Marshal of the Russian Federation	Honorary title given for special merits

They do not live by the same ranks in the Russian army! 7 interesting military signs and customs

Ranks in the Russian army are, of course, a burning topic, but we also want to talk about interesting traditions, signs and customs in the army:

about the "washing" of the new rank with the ritual dipping of the "stars" in a glass of vodka and sabanting with colleagues, only the lazy one has not heard.
There is a whole instruction for conducting this important, almost magical ritual - https://www.antik-war.lv/viewtopic.php?p=2140415
the paratrooper is unlikely to take someone else's parachute.
We suspect that this sign arose due to the fact that no matter how much you love brother Seryoga, who sleeps with you in the barracks on the next bed, you can’t be sure that he will prepare the parachute as carefully as you;
“Let me still feel with my bones every unsuccessful jump and grunt in bad weather, but the landing is what made me a real man. And it’s not about shoulder straps, benefits and a normal pension, but that it was there that I learned to do something through “I can’t”, learned what real male friendship is and traveled all over the world thanks to the service. I had a chic, rich youth without a mobile phone, the Internet and pretentious coffee shops., - Vladimir from Penza shares his memories.
one match cannot light three or more fighters.
Experienced say that during this time the sniper will have plenty of time to open aimed fire;
submariners do not shave during combat missions.
Well, what, you won’t find young ladies on a submarine during the day with fire, so there’s no one to show off in front of;
submariners do not favor the number 9, since many accidents happened with boats, in the number of which this very “nine” was (K-9, K-129, K-159, etc.);
bathing paratroopers on the day of the Airborne Forces in the fountains- this is from the series "Understand and forgive";

paratroopers make their first "jumps" from a stool, holding a box of matches between their knees.

Of course, you need to land softly, and the matches should not fall to the floor;

after the official part of the prom, graduates of military universities hide several banknotes under each shoulder strap.

The junior cadet who is the first to salute the newly minted junior lieutenant and congratulate him on his promotion to the rank receives the money.

All shoulder straps and titles of the Russian

Federations in one video:

We hope that the article helped you “discover America” of ranks in the Russian army and deal with this interesting issue once and for all.

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Shoulder straps and ranks in the Russian army are created in order to clearly delineate duties between the military. The higher the status, the more responsibility is assigned to the soldier who was awarded the rank. Shoulder straps play an identification role, that is, they create a visual representation of a military man, namely: what position he holds, as well as his military rank.

Shoulder straps and ranks in the army play a very important role, and for different troops they have different external characteristics, as well as names. The reason here is that each type of troops has its own characteristics. For comparison, let's go over the land and sea shoulder straps and ranks of the Russian army.

Shoulder straps and ranks in the ground forces of the Russian army

Observance of subordination and knowledge of one's function in the general formation are the basis of military discipline. This is also said to ordinary soldiers who are just beginning to get acquainted in practice with military service. In the ground forces, military personnel are divided by composition.

The following military personnel are included in the number of draft and contact staff:

Private. This is the lowest rank of a soldier, from which all conscripts begin their military career. This rank can be considered higher, perhaps, than a cadet, since the latter only theoretically studies all the basics of military art, and the private is already being tested in practice. The shoulder straps of an ordinary soldier are clean, that is, they do not have any identification marks (as the conscripts themselves say, “clean shoulder straps - a clear conscience”).
Corporal. As a rule, the most distinguished privates can later be promoted to . It is received by the very best or senior privates, that is, obvious leaders in their environment. The epaulettes of the Russian Federation at the corporal already take on one thin strip as a distinctive sign. It is this symbol that gives other military personnel an idea of the role of this soldier in the overall military structure. If the commander is absent for some reason, then he is replaced by a corporal.

After the fundamental ranks, sergeants and foremen follow. Further, it is they who follow in order of the hierarchy of shoulder straps and military ranks:

Lance Sergeant. This rank is an intermediate step between the corporal and the foreman. As a rule, promotion in rank means acceptance of a new position. upon receiving his new rank, he is appointed as a squad leader, or as a tank or vehicle. Another narrow stripe is added to the shoulder straps of Russia of a junior sergeant. This rank can also be obtained in exceptional cases if the soldier is sent to the reserve and at the time of sending he bore the rank of corporal. However, this corporal should distinguish himself by merit and be one of the best.
Sergeant. This is the next link, to which the soldier passes after overcoming the rank of junior sergeant. Upon receipt of this title, shoulder straps are supplemented with another narrow strip. By this time, the soldier has three of them. It is referred to differently as "non-commissioned officer", and in many countries, especially in Germany, where the term comes from, it sounds the same.
Staff Sergeant. A soldier awarded this title receives one wide instead of three narrow stripes on the shoulder straps of the Russian army. occupies an intermediate step between foreman and sergeant.
Sergeant major. If before this rank the defining lines were located across the shoulder strap, then the wide line already goes along the shoulder strap. Among the military personnel of its composition, this rank is the most senior. As a rule, foremen are also an official and command an entire company. In relation to sergeants and soldiers who stand at the very first steps of military ranks, he is a commander. His job responsibilities include monitoring the observance of discipline among subordinates, suggesting to juniors what to do in a given situation, and ensuring that all subordinates fulfill their duties.

Find out: Who wears an olive beret, how is the passing of standards to receive it

After that, the composition of the ranks of the RF Armed Forces goes into the category of ensigns:

Ensign. The shoulder straps of the military in this rank somewhat change their appearance, since instead of stripes, starting with the ensign, stars are used. At the ensign they are small and are available in the amount of two pieces. This is already a different level of military service, respectively, the requirements are being tightened in relation to the soldier who was awarded this rank.
Senior Warrant Officer. It is also an intermediate link between the ensign and officer ranks. Another small star is added to the shoulder straps. Just like on the shoulder straps of an ensign, red lines run along both sides. This rank of military personnel is used not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also in many other states.

The officer corps comes immediately after the composition of warrant officers, it includes the following ranks of military personnel:

Ensign. The first level of junior officers. The appearance of the shoulder strap also changes, as the two longitudinal stripes are replaced by one that runs from one edge to the other in the middle of the shoulder strap. When a soldier is promoted to the rank of junior lieutenant, three small stars are replaced by one larger one. The star is clearly on the red line. This title is used in the power structures of our country, as well as in the military hierarchy abroad.
Lieutenant. This title is used not only in the army, but also in such structures of our state as, for example, the police. It is the middle link between junior lieutenant and senior. On shoulder straps, instead of one star of medium size, there are two. However, not along the red line, but on its sides.
Senior lieutenant. A third star of medium size is added to the shoulder straps, which is located just above the two side stars, on the red center line. This military rank also applies to junior officers, it is used both in law enforcement agencies and the armed forces both in our country and on the territory of foreign states.
Captain. On the captain's shoulder straps, one more, fourth star of medium size is added, which is located just above the third and also on the red center line. This rank is available both in the ground forces of our country and in the navy. Initially, the chiefs of the military maritime districts were called captains, and later it acquired a modern meaning.

Find out: Russian paratrooper, symbols of the Airborne Forces, traditions and holidays

Major. The rank has one star, an order of magnitude more than the stars of a captain or lieutenant. Shoulder strap has two longitudinal red stripes. This rank is the first step in the senior officer corps.
Lieutenant colonel. Shoulder straps have two stars located on two red lines. It is the middle step between major and colonel. It is used in the national army, as well as in law enforcement agencies of many European countries, as well as Russia.
Colonel. A third star is added to the shoulder straps, located just above the other two. This step is the final one in the senior officer corps. The name comes from the ancient concept of "regiment", that is, the head of this same regiment. The rank is used in the armed forces of our country, as well as in law enforcement agencies. The title exists not only in Russia, but also in other states.

The highest officers of our country are represented by generals, who also have their own internal military gradation:

Major General. This title is the first step in the so-called elite of our military hierarchy. Shoulder straps at this stage are crowned with large stars, this title has one such star. The red line now wraps around the entire shoulder strap.
Lieutenant general. A soldier of this rank was awarded two large stars on shoulder straps. Despite the fact that a major is higher than a lieutenant, a lieutenant general in the highest system of military service will be higher than a major general.
Colonel General. It has three large stars on shoulder straps, arranged in a row. Represents the middle link between a lieutenant general and an army general.
Army General. A soldier of this rank has four large stars. In the United States or Ukraine, it is the highest military rank. However, in countries where there are such ranks as field marshal or marshal, it is in second place in terms of seniority.
Marshal of the Russian Federation. The highest military rank in our country. On shoulder straps is the coat of arms of the Russian Federation and a star in a range of two colors - gold and silver. This title was established in 1993 by a relevant decree.

Find out: The rank of corporal in the army of the Russian Federation, the history of the appearance of this rank

Military ranks and epaulettes in the naval forces of Russia

Obligations and status in the naval forces are similar to those used in the land, but the names of the sailors are different.

junior ranks:

foreman 2 articles;
foreman 1 article;
chief foreman;
chief ship foreman;
midshipman;
senior midshipman.

The gradation of ranks in the naval forces is as follows (begins with junior officer ranks).

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, two types of ranks have been established for persons undergoing military service - military and naval. In ancient Russia, the presence of insignia and certain military units that were formed on an ongoing basis was completely excluded. The division of the then still pitiful semblance of a standing army into separate formations took place in accordance with the number of soldiers who were in one formation or another. The principle was as follows: ten soldiers - a unit called the "ten" headed by the "ten". Further all in the same spirit.

The history of the emergence of military ranks in Russia

Under Ivan the Terrible, and later under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, this system underwent some changes: archery hundreds appeared, and military ranks appeared in them. At that time, the hierarchy of ranks was the following list:

Sagittarius
foreman
Pentecostal
centurion
head

Of course, between all of the above ranks and the ranks that currently exist, the following analogy can be drawn: a foreman is a warrior who in our time performs the duties of a sergeant, or a foreman, a Pentecostal is a lieutenant, and a centurion, respectively, is a captain.

After a certain amount of time, already during the reign of Peter the Great, the hierarchical system of ranks was again transformed to the following:

soldier
corporal
ensign
lieutenant called lieutenant
captain (captain)
quartermaster
major
lieutenant colonel
colonel

The year 1654 became an outstanding year in the history of the formation of military ranks in Russia. It was then that for the first time in the history of Russia the rank of general was awarded. Alexander Ulyanovich Leslie, the head of the operation to capture and liberate Smolensk, became its first owner.

Categories of military ranks in the Russian army

One of the largest political events of the 20th century that took place in Russia, namely the October Revolution of 1917, was the last stage on the path to the formation of an established system of military ranks, which has not undergone any changes for a whole century.

Military ranks

Private. One of the first, considered the lowest military rank of the armed forces of the Russian Federation.
Corporal. A title that is awarded to military personnel who are part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation for any military distinction.

Major.
Lieutenant colonel.
Colonel.

Ship ranks

Ship ranks can simply be listed in order of seniority (from lowest to highest) due to full compliance with the land equivalent:

Sailor, senior sailor.
Foreman of the 2nd (second) article, foreman of the 1st (first) article, chief foreman, chief ship foreman - representatives of a group of military personnel belonging to sergeants and foremen.
Midshipman, senior midshipman - military personnel of the group of ensigns and midshipmen.
Junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, lieutenant commander - a group of military personnel representing junior officers.
Captain of the 3rd (third) rank, captain of the 2nd (second) rank, captain of the 1st (first) rank - representatives of senior officers.
Rear Admiral, Vice Admiral, Admiral, Admiral of the Fleet - representatives of the highest officers, respectively.

As with military ranks, the highest military rank for the Navy is Marshal of the Russian Federation.

What is quite remarkable is that naval and military military ranks are also assigned to the following formations: the power structures of the Russian Federation - the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc., as well as water border formations that ensure security near the coastal borders.

Colors and types of shoulder straps

Now let's turn to shoulder straps. With them, unlike titles, things are somewhat more complicated.

Shoulder straps are usually distinguished according to the following criteria:

the color of the shoulder strap itself (different depending on the military structure);
the order of location of the distinctive signs on shoulder straps (also depending on a particular military structure);
the color of the decals themselves on shoulder straps (by analogy with the points above).

There is another important criterion - the form of clothing. Accordingly, the army does not have the richest selection of clothing that is permitted by the charter. More precisely, there are only three of them: everyday uniform, field and full dress.

Shoulder straps of non-officers

Let's start with a description of the everyday uniform and the shoulder straps attached to it:

The casual uniform of a non-officer includes epaulettes with two narrow strips along the edges of the longitudinal part. Such shoulder straps can be seen on the shoulders of privates, sergeants, as well as ensigns. All these images are presented above in the sections of military and ship ranks.

Shoulder straps of officers

Shoulder straps of everyday uniforms for officers are divided into three more subspecies:

Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of junior officers: they have only one strip running in the center along the shoulder strap itself.
Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of senior officers: they flaunt two longitudinal stripes, also located in the center.
Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of senior officers: they differ sharply from each of the previous types in that they have a special fabric relief over the entire area of the shoulder strap. The edges are framed by one narrow strip. A distinctive sign is also the stars, following strictly in one row.
It is impossible not to put into a separate group the Marshal of the Russian Federation and the type of shoulder straps corresponding to his everyday form: they also have a special fabric relief, which was mentioned in the paragraph above, but they differ radically in color. If the shoulder straps in each of the previous paragraphs were a rectangle of dark green color, then these same ones are distinguished by their immediately conspicuous and quite corresponding to the high-profile title of their wearer in golden color.

An interesting fact is that on February 22, 2013, the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree that one star with a diameter of 40 mm instead of 4 stars in one line as before would be flaunted on the shoulder straps of generals of the army and admirals of the fleet of the Russian Federation. The corresponding image is shown above.

Field uniform for non-officers: shoulder straps are a regular rectangle, camouflaged as a summer taiga with a transverse (or longitudinal) stripe.
Field uniform of junior officers: stars of relatively small sizes serve as a distinctive sign.
The field uniform of senior officers: a major, a lieutenant colonel have one and two large stars on their shoulder straps, respectively, a colonel has three.
Field uniform of senior officers: all persons with ranks in accordance with the previously announced composition have exactly the same structure (dark green stars, following strictly in a row), but different in the number of distinctive signs of shoulder straps. As well as in everyday uniforms, the Army General and Marshal of the Russian Federation are distinguished by large stars.

In more detail these features can be seen in the picture:

Far from immediately, the clothes of military personnel became comfortable and practical. Initially, beauty was valued more in her than the qualities mentioned a little earlier. Fortunately, under Alexander III (third), the understanding came that rich uniforms were too expensive. It was then that practicality and convenience began to be considered the primary value.

In certain periods of time, the soldier's uniform resembled ordinary peasant attire. Even in the conditions of the already existing Red Army, little attention was paid to the fact that there was no uniform military uniform. The only distinguishing mark of all the soldiers was a red bandage on the sleeves and headdresses.

Even shoulder straps managed to be replaced for some time with ordinary triangles and squares, and only in 1943 they were returned as distinctive signs.

By the way, to this day, the military personnel of the Russian Federation wear a uniform that was developed by the well-known fashion designer V. Yudashkin in 2010.

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