And, well. family f. , lat. family. 1. Family with slaves and clients in ancient Rome. BAS 1. An old Russian courtyard, a complex family of a householder with a wife, children and unseparated relatives, brothers, nephews .., corresponded to the ancient ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

SURNAME- (French and German, from Latin). Family, all family members; generic name, generic name. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. SURNAME 1) a nickname added to the name and fatherland; 2) family, clan. See FAMILY ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

surname- See genus... Synonym dictionary

SURNAME- SURNAME, surnames, wives. (lat. familia). 1. Hereditary family name, added to a personal name and passing from father (or mother) to children, and also (before the revolution, now optional) from husband to wife. State your first and last name. ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

SURNAME- SURNAME, and, wives. 1. An inherited family name added to a personal name. F., first name and patronymic. How is your f.? Maiden f. (before marriage). F. husband (accepted by the wife upon marriage). 2. Same as genus 1 (in 2 meanings). Ancient f. 3… Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

SURNAME- female, French, German family, family; | clan, tribe, generation, tribe, blood, ancestors and offspring. He is an ancient, good family, noble family. | Nickname, name, generic name. | Haberdashery courtesy is the name of the spouse, wife. I myself do not ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Surname- (Gurzuf, Crimea) Hotel category: Address: Builders Street 3, 98645 Gurzuf, Crimea ... Hotel catalog

SURNAME- (lat. familia) 1) in ancient Rome, a family economic legal unit, which, in addition to blood relatives, included slaves; 2) a generic name acquired at birth, changing the original F., adoption, marriage and ... ... Law Dictionary

SURNAME- (Latin familia), 1) family, genus. 2) In ancient Rome, a family economic legal unit, which, in addition to blood relatives, included slaves. 3) Generic name acquired at birth, change of the original surname, ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

SURNAME- (lat. familia) ..1) family, clan2)] In Dr. Rome, a family economic legal unit, which, in addition to blood relatives, included slaves3) Generic name acquired at birth, change of the original surname, adoption, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Surname- (lat. familia) 1) in Dr. In Rome, a family economic legal unit, which, in addition to blood relatives, included slaves. 2) family, clan. Generic name acquired at birth, change of the original surname, adoption, in ... ... Political science. Vocabulary.

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• What does your last name mean? , Yu. A. Fedosyuk. The book in a popular form tells about the history of the emergence and various sources of formation of about 1000 Russian surnames. The question "What does your last name mean?" is a special science ...

This section of the site allows you to automate the translation of Russian letters into Latin. It is enough to write your last name, first name and patronymic in Russian and click the Transliterate to Latin button. The text in the field will be translated into the Latin alphabet in accordance with the new rules developed on the basis of GOST R 52535.1-2006.

There are various systems or rules for transliteration of names and surnames (transliteration of Russian words)

TRANSLATION OF THE SURNAME FIRST NAME IN LATIN (IN ACCORDANCE WITH GOST R 52535.1-2006.)

Do you want to know how your name and surname will be written in the passport according to the new rules? To do this, you need to enter your data in the appropriate cells of the form below and click on the "Translate to Latin" button

What is transliteration?

On our site you can find out what transliteration is, what it is for, where it is used and how to use it correctly.

Transliteration is the conversion of text from Cyrillic to Latin or vice versa. In other words, the designation in Latin letters of words written in Russian, or the designation in Cyrillic of words written in foreign languages ​​using the Latin alphabet.

Transliteration is used in various areas of our daily life: in the banking system - when issuing credit cards, in OVIR - when filling out documents for obtaining a foreign passport, in international payment systems - when filling out data for making bank transfers, for purchasing goods via the Internet, and, finally , when passing the integration exam in the Russian language, the history of Russia and the fundamentals of the law of the Russian Federation, and for the subsequent submission of documents for obtaining: a patent for work, a temporary residence permit (TRP) and a residence permit (residence permit).

RVP, residence permit and patent applicants should take into account that the free translation of the last name, first name and patronymic from Cyrillic to Latin or from Latin to Cyrillic will have negative consequences when submitting documents to the Federal Migration Service of Russia. The fact is that since 2010 the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology introduced new rules for writing Cyrillic letters in Latin letters. They are based on a simple replacement of letters of the Russian alphabet with letters or a combination of letters of the Latin alphabet. These rules are already in force in the Federal Migration Service of Russia and it is by them that the correctness of the translation by a foreigner of his name and surname from the Russian alphabet into Latin is determined. In this case, pronunciation (or transcription) is not taken into account. The action of transliteration implies a clear regulation in the graphic definition of one character by another, which differs significantly from transcription. Because when transcribing from the Russian language, letters and combinations of letters of the Latin alphabet are used to maximally approximate the pronunciation of the letters of the source language.

We first learn that our names sound a little different in other languages ​​of the world at school. So, in English lessons, Sasha becomes Alex, Misha becomes Mike, Katya becomes Kate, etc. Schoolchildren perceive this as an interesting game of reincarnation, besides, sometimes Russian names in English sound funny.

In adulthood, people also often have to change their names in the English manner (in most cases). And not for the game. This is necessary when drawing up various documents, during official acquaintances with foreigners, etc.

Transliteration as a way of translating names and surnames

Many believe that a given name or surname must necessarily be "translated" and are desperately looking for their equivalent in another language. Some names in Russian and English are indeed similar, but they are still different. To introduce yourself in English, you don’t need to “translate” the name or look for a similar one, but you just need to be able to use the rules of transliteration.

What is transliteration? This is a linguistic device that consists in the letter-by-letter transmission of words or text written using one alphabetic system by means of another alphabetic system. Accordingly, the transliteration of the Russian alphabet in Latin is the transfer of letters, words, expressions and texts written using the Russian alphabet, using the Latin alphabet. In a word, writing the Russian word in English letters.

There is a whole theory of translating the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet into Latin, developed by the US State Department. Here's what it looks like:

A - A	I - I	C - S	b - goes down
B - B	Y - Y	T - T	Y - Y
B - V	K - K	U - U	b - goes down
G - G	L - L	F - F	E - E
D - D	M - M	X - KH	Yu - YU
E - E, YE	H - N	C - TS	I am YA
Yo - E, YE	O - O	H - CH
Zh - ZH	P - P	SH - SH
Z - Z	R - R	Щ - SHCH

Transliteration methods

In the past, there were several ways to translate Russian names into English, and various standards for transliterating Cyrillic into Latin are still used today. So, in the English version, the same Russian name or surname can be spelled differently.

Examples: Julia (Yulia, Yuliya, Julia, Julja); Dmitry (Dmitry, Dmitriy, Dmitri, Dimitri); Eugene (Yevgeny, Yevgeniy, Evgeny, Evgeni, Evgeniy, Eugeny); Tsvetaeva (Tsvetaeva, Tsvetayeva, Cvetaeva); Zhukovsky (Zhukovsky, Zhukovski, Zhukovskiy, Jukovsky).

However, there are cases when the transmission of a particular letter and sound becomes a real dilemma. "Special" Russian names in English are written as follows:

1. the combination of Russian letters KS is best rendered in Latin letters KS, not X;
2. in English, the letter h often, according to the rules of reading, goes unnoticed in order to convey the Russian sound [x], h is enhanced by the letter k - kh;
3. an apostrophe is used in transliteration to emphasize the softness or hardness of the previous consonant;
4. the ending -iya can be transliterated both as -ia and -iya. But often, in order to avoid unnecessary bulkiness, y is usually omitted.

For owners of a rare name on the Internet, there are many online automatic transliteration services that you can use if you encounter difficulties with translation.

On-line transliteration of the text from Cyrillic to Latin or translation of Russian names and surnames.

The peculiarity of the translation of surnames into English

How to write a surname in English? Male and female surnames are also translated into English through transliteration. To do this, use the system for translating letters of the Cyrillic alphabet into Latin, developed by the US State Department, which was mentioned above.

Female surnames in Russian have endings (-aya), which are transmitted to English using endings such as -aya, -ova (Golovataya, Ivanova). In English, everything is simpler, there are no such endings.

Example: Michael Brown - Hanna Brown (Michael Brown - Anna Brown), Catherine Johnson - Nicholas Johnson (Katherine Johnson - Nicholas Johnson).

Examples of writing a full name

When writing the last name and patronymic, you should pay attention to the following: when choosing one of the transliteration methods (for example, you chose a system in which the letters “u” and “ya” correspond to the English ju and ja), you must adhere to it to the end. If in correspondence or when filling out documents, filling out a questionnaire, you began to write your initials in one way, do not change the way they are translated into English: put a signature or write the name of the sender in the same way.

Below are examples of various combinations (last name, first name and patronymic). After studying this information, you can practice writing full names in Latin.

And although different systems are used in these examples of translation, it is important to remember that one should not go beyond one system within the same name.

• Petrova Aleksandra Pavlovna
• Sinitsyn Anton Pavlovich - Sinitsyn Anton Pavlovich.
• Karelin Vladimir Sergeevich
• Kozlova Elena Vladimirovna
• Kuzmenko Yulia Filippovna - Kuzmenko Yuliya Filippovna.
• Fedoruk Roman Konstantinovich - Fedoruk Roman Konstantinovich.
• Ivanova Tatyana Nikolaevna
• Pavlenko Maria Vladimirovna - Pavlenko Mariia Vladimirovna.
• Nefyodov Denis Arkadevich
• Katrushina Lyudmila Mikhailovna - Katrushina Lyudmila Mikhaylovna.
• Lesovaya Olesya Evgenievna - Lesovaya Olesya Evgen`evna.
• Tatarchuk Igor Grigorevich
• Somova Irina Yaroslavovna
• Koroleva Alexandra Leonidovna - Korolyova Aleksandra Leonidovna.
• Krupnov Igor Valerievich
• Anisova Marina Valentinovna - Anisova Marina Valentinovna.
• Lisitsina Daria Yurievna - Lisitsina Daria Iurevna.

Using all of the above transliteration rules, you can introduce yourself to a foreigner correctly and not be ashamed of your name. Lack of this knowledge increases the risk that you will be misunderstood.

Sooner or later, all of us are faced with the translation of a name into English. Names are an integral part of all languages ​​of the world. When translating a name, accuracy is important, because just one wrong letter, and you get a completely different name, and this is already a problem. Due to such an error in the certificate for the embassy, ​​for example, you may be denied a visa.

Translation literacy is extremely important when filling out international documents. And this is just one of many examples where a mistake in the spelling of a name can have serious consequences. Of course, one can make an approximate translation at the level of intuition, however, this is not for those who read this article.

Let's learn how to make a competent translation of the last name, first name and patronymic in order to avoid overlaps and confusion in the future, as well as to protect ourselves from unpleasant situations.

Transliteration - Russian letters in English

There are names that have analogues in English. For example, the name Natalia in English may sound like Natalie. If translated according to the rules, the name should sound like Natalia. Stop-stop, the very beginning of mastering the topic, and already two versions of the sound of the name? Don't worry, it's not as difficult as it seems. Analogous names in English are best used in colloquial speech. For example, it will be much easier for your American friend to call you Natalie (sounds like Natalie) than Natalia (sounds like Natalia). In case you need a competent written translation, it is best to refer to the transliteration for the translation for the documentation.

In the United States, a theory was developed for translating the Cyrillic alphabet into Latin - transliteration. It is very important to monitor the latest information, as transliteration options change periodically, improve, be in trend and keep up with the times. Let's look at the most relevant transliteration option.

A-A
B - B
B-V
G - G
D - D
E - E
Yo - E
W - ZH
Z - Z
I - I
Y - I
K-K
L - L
M - M
N - N
O - O
P - P
R - R
C-S
T - T
U - U
F - F
X - KH
C - TS
H - CH
SH - SH
SH - SHCH
Ъ - IE
Y - Y
b - goes down
E - E
Yu - IU
I am IA

Using this hint, you can easily translate your first and last name correctly. Of course, there are many online name transliteration services, however, we cannot be 100% sure that they work according to the current transliteration rules. In order to make a translation yourself or check the reliability of the online transliteration service, let's look at the most difficult letters to translate with examples:

Russian letter B denoted as V. Nothing complicated, however, you can doubt and think that B can be interpreted as W. Doubts aside, the only correct option is V. Valentine - Valentin.

• The letter G is transmitted as G. Everything is simple here, there should be no doubt. George - Georgii.
• The letters E, Yo, E are transmitted as an English letter E. Previously, these letters could be written in different ways, however, now this translation is adopted, which greatly simplifies our lives. Semyonov - Semenov.
• The letter U is transmitted as U. Here you can get confused and think about the letter Y. In order not to get confused, it’s better to just remember. Ulyana - Uliana.
• Letters Zh, X, C, H, W, SH, perhaps one of the most difficult to translate, are transmitted respectively as ZH, KH, TS, CH, SH, SHCH. The only way not to get confused when translating these letters is to look at a cheat sheet or memorize. Jeanne - Zhanna.Khatuna - Khatuna.
• Letter b descends. It's simple, omit the soft sign and forget about it. Tatyana - Tatiana.
• The letter b has been denoted recently, like IE. Previously, the solid sign was omitted, but in recent times it began to be designated by such a combination of letters. Letter S transmitted as Y. Remember this and don't get confused. redhead -Ryzhuk.
• The letters Yu and I are transmitted as IU and IA respectively. Previously, these letters were transmitted as YU and YA, but this is already an outdated version. Focus on a new way of interpreting. Julia - Julia.

Translation of the name, surname and patronymic into English

Let's pretend that we translated the name correctly, however, we need to spell it out so that we are heard 100% correctly without a single mistake. There is a generally accepted technique for transmitting letters during a telephone conversation in English with high accuracy. Probably, all of us have ever said or heard this famous “with like a dollar”, “and with a dot”. Let's finally move away from this and pass the letters correctly:

A-Alfa
B-Bravo
C - Charlie
D - Delta
E-Echo
F-Foxtrot
G-Golf
H - Hotel
I - India
J - Juliet
K - Kilo
L-Lima
M - Mike
N-November
O-Oscar
P-Papa
Q - Quebec
R-Romeo
S-Sierra
T - Tango
U-Uniform
V - Victor
W - Whiskey
X-X-ray
Y - Yankees
Z-Zulu

We have already learned how to translate the first and last name, we can even pronounce it correctly if necessary. However, what to do with the patronymic? Abroad, many do not have it at all. Should we translate the middle name or should we just omit it? In some cases, it will indeed be possible to do without it, but when filling out international documents, you cannot avoid this. AT this case, there should be no errors. There are three ways to translate patronymic:

• Since foreigners most often do not have a patronymic, you can translate our patronymic as “Sergei’s daughter”. For example, Maria Sergeevna - Maria the daughter of Sergei. This method of translation is best used in communication in order to make it easier for a foreigner to understand what you want to convey to him. But when filling out the documentation, you should not be guided by this method.
• You can write a patronymic as a middle name. A rather strange way of translating a patronymic, because it completely changes the meaning of a patronymic. We advise you not to use it either when filling out documentation or when communicating.
• Our favorite transliteration is the most acceptable and correct way to translate a middle name. For example, the translation for the name Sergey Sergeevich will look like this - Sergei Sergeevich. Agree, it is convenient and not difficult at all. Transliteration can be used both in everyday life when communicating, and when filling out documents.

Summing up, we can say that the most reliable way to translate the patronymic, and indeed the entire name, is transliteration. You can use the first method in communication if your foreign friend does not quite understand what Sergeevna means. The second method is better not to use at all.

We examined the most common and competent translations of the surname, name and patronymic. Translation of names is much easier than it seems, the main thing in this matter is a responsible approach. Remember to stay tuned for updates to the rules and follow the translation structure. If you are already studying with an English teacher, you can ask him to review the topic of name translation with you in class in order to become an ace in this field. If you have not started to practice yet and are in doubt, stop postponing it until tomorrow. Improve, develop and never stop!

We hope that this article has helped you sort things out and the translation of Russian names and surnames into English is no longer scary for you. With the right approach, there is nothing difficult in English. English is fun, interactive, educational and always up to date!

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

There is nothing more natural than to start learning English by writing your own name in Latin letters.

Writing Russian names in English often causes difficulties - largely because there are no uniform rules in this regard. However, a set of general principles can still be defined.

• Read further in our article about the special transliteration rules currently used when issuing passports.

General rules for transliteration of names

The first thing to remember is names and surnames are not translated especially when it comes to documents and business correspondence. You should not pick up English-language counterparts and call Elena - Helen, and Michael - Michael. Instead, the name should be transliterated, that is, written in Latin. In this case, the following system of correspondence can be used:

A	A	Andrey (Andrey)	O	O	Olga (Olga)
B	B	Boris (Boris)	P	P	Pavel (Pavel)
AT	V	Valery (Valery)	R	R	Roman (Roman)
G	G	Gleb (Gleb)	With	S	Sergey (Sergey)
D	D	Dmitry (Dmitry)	T	T	Tatyana (Tatiana)
E	Ye/E	Yelena, Elena (Elena)	At	U	Ulyana (Ulyana)
Yo	Yo/E	Pyotr, Petr (Peter)	F	F	Filipp (Philip)
F	Zh	Zhanna (Jeanne)	X	Kh	Khariton (Khariton)
W	Z	Zinaida (Zinaida)	C	Ts	Tsarev (Tsarev)
And	I	Irina (Irina)	H	Ch	Chaykin (Chaykin)
Y	Y	Timofe y(Timof th)	W	Sh	Sharov (Balls)
K	K	Konstantin (Konstantin)	SCH	Shch	Shchepkin (Schepkin)
L	L	Larisa (Larisa)	S	Y	M y skin (M s skin)
M	M	Margarita (Margarita)	E	E	Eldar (Eldar)
H	N	Nicholas (Nicholas)	YU	Yu	Yury (Yuri)
I	Ya	Yaroslav (Yaroslav)

Special rules for transliteration of names

In addition to the more obvious rules of transliteration, there are cases where it is not entirely clear how one or another name should be written. Let's look at these options.

Letter b and Kommersant are not transmitted in transliteration. Using an apostrophe (") in their place is also not recommended:

• Daria
• Igor
• Olga

Letters S and Y transmitted by letter Y:

• Bystrov
• Sadyrova
• Mayorov

If the last name ends with "-th", in transliteration remains "-y":

• White

Since the letter H in English sometimes it is not readable, for the transmission of Russian sound "X" combination is used KH:

• Akhmatova
• Rachmaninov - Rakhmaninov

Russian combination KS it's better to spell it out KS, but not X:

• Ksenia - Ksenia
• Aleksandr

If letter E denotes one sound (as in the name Vera), it is transmitted by the Latin letter E Vera. If it denotes two sounds (after a soft sign), it is transmitted by a combination YE— Astafyev.

But: If a E stands at the beginning of the name, both options are possible: the name Elena can be written as Elena or Yelena.

Letter Yo usually written in the same way as E, but if you want to emphasize the pronunciation of the name, then you should use the letter combination YO— Fyodor, Piotr.

Letter W can be written in the form SCH, but in German this combination will be read as "sh". In order to avoid confusion, it is recommended to use an unpronounceable, at first glance, combination of letters SHCH.

The ending "-and I" can be transliterated as -IA or -IYA. However, to avoid unnecessary bulkiness, Y usually do not write:

• Maria
• Valeria - Valerie

Important note: transliteration when issuing passports

The rules for transliteration when applying for foreign passports often change. At the moment, as of 2015, the following transliteration rules apply (we present the differences from the main table):

• Previously, when issuing foreign passports, the rules of GOST R 52535.1-2006, introduced in 2010, were used.

If you want to keep the original spelling of your name and surname when you receive a new passport, you can write a corresponding application to the issuing authority, duly substantiating your desire. The basis for such a statement is the presence of documents with a different spelling of your first and last name: passports, diplomas, residence permits, visas, as well as other registration and banking documents, including bank cards.