Research work on environmental education of fourth-grade students “Necessary from unnecessary. Project on ecology in elementary grades "Green World"

Every year food consumption is growing stronger and stronger. But, as they say, demand creates supply. Manufacturing companies appear and compete with each other. Unscrupulous manufacturers are increasingly adding various food additives to food. Also very often used packaging that cannot be recycled or destroyed without harm to nature. The buyer is obliged to choose a product that does not harm either him or the environment.

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Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution

Domodedovo gymnasium №5

Research project on ecology on the topic:

"ENVIRONMENTALLY LITERAL CONSUMER"

Section: Human Ecology

Project executor:

10th grade student

Minaev Nikolai

Supervisor:

ecology teacher

Chugunova N.V.

Domodedovo 2012

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………. 3

CHAPTER 1. BAR CODE………………………………………………….. 4

The emergence of the barcode………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
How to check the authenticity of a barcode?....................................................5

CHAPTER 2. FOOD ADDITIVES……………………………………………7

2.1. Classification of food additives………………………………………..... 7

2.2. Harm of food additives…………………………………………………………8

CHAPTER 3. PACKAGING ………………………………………………………….10

3.1. The history of the appearance of packaging……………………………………………....10

3.2. Packaging materials……………………………………………………………………………………………13

3.2.1. Cellophane…………………………………………………………………..13

3.2.2. Paper……………………………………………………………………...15

3.2.3. Polyethylene………………………………………………………………...17

CHAPTER 4. RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH……………………………….20

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………...21

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………..22

APPENDIX 1…………………………………………………………………23

APPENDIX 2……………………………………………………………………27

INTRODUCTION

Therefore, the topic my research project goes like this:"Environmentally literate consumer".

Objective: gain skills in determining the quality of consumer goods and identifying their possible environmental hazard.

Tasks :

Study the problem using various sources of information.
Find out if I am able to choose the “right” product: learn how to decipher the bar code; find out which food additives are harmful to health; choose the most environmentally friendly packaging.
Conduct a survey on this issue, test the data obtained and suggest ways to choose a safe product.

Hypothesis my research is that choosing safe products will help the consumer save the environment and their own health.

Research methods:theoretical - collection, study, systematization and analysis of literature on this issue; experimental - the study of food additives, barcodes and packaging, practical attempts to choose an environmentally friendly product; sociological survey - conducting a survey among schoolchildren.

CHAPTER 1. BAR CODE

Barcode (barcode ) is a sequence of black and white stripes representing some information in a form convenient for reading by technical means.

1.1. The advent of the barcode

“... In 1948, Bernard Silver (1924 - 1962), a graduate student at the Drexel University Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA), heard the president of a local food chain ask one of the deans to develop a system that automatically reads information about the product under his control. Silver told his friends Norman Joseph Woodland (b. 1921) and Jordin Johanson about this. The three of them began to explore different labeling systems. Their first working system used UV ink, but it was quite expensive and faded over time.

Convinced that the system was feasible, Woodland left Philadelphia and moved to Florida to his father's apartment to continue working. His next inspiration came unexpectedly from Morse code - he formed his first bar code from the sand on the beach. As he himself said, "I only extended the dots and dashes down and made narrow and wide lines out of them." To read the strokes, he adapted soundtrack (soundtrack) technology, namely the optical soundtrack used to record sound in motion pictures. On October 20, 1949, Woodland and Silver applied for an invention. As a result, they received US patent No. 2,612,994, issued October 7, 1952.

In 1951, Woodland and Silver tried to get IBM interested in developing their system. The company, recognizing the feasibility and attractiveness of the idea, refused to implement it. IBM considered that the processing of the resulting information would require sophisticated equipment, and that it could develop it if there was free time in the future.

In 1952, Woodland and Silver sold the patent to the Philco Company (Philco - henceforth known as the Helios Electric Company). In the same year, Philco resold the patent to RCA. .

So, Woodland and Silver gave the world a bar code, thereby making it easier for sellers in stores.

2.1. How to check the authenticity of a barcode?

There are two types of bar codes: linear and two-dimensional.

Linear symbols allow you to encode a small amount of information (up to 20 - 30 characters, usually numbers) (see Appendix 1).

Two-dimensional symbologies were developed to encode a large amount of information. The decoding of such a code is carried out in two dimensions (horizontally and vertically).

Currently, a lot of two-dimensional barcodes have been developed that are used with one or another breadth of distribution (see Appendix, table No. 1). Here are some codes: Aztec Code, Data Matrix, MaxiCode, PDF417, Microsoft Tag.

Familiarize yourself with the sections of the bar code: the first two to three digits before the white separating line indicate the country code; the next few digits up to the long double separator line encode the manufacturer of the product; the first digit after the second long dividing line (the eighth digit) is the name of the product; the next (ninth) - consumer properties of the goods; the tenth digit indicates the size, weight; the eleventh indicates the ingredients; twelfth - color; thirteenth - check digit; the last long line is a sign of a product manufactured under a license (see Appendix 1).

To authenticate the barcode, perform the following operations:

Add up all the numbers in even places.
Multiply the resulting amount by 3. The result (let's call it X) must be remembered.
Add up all odd-numbered digits (no check digit).
Add X to this amount.
From the amount received (let's call it YZ), leave only Z.
Subtract the resulting Z from 10.
If the result corresponds to the check digit in the barcode, then this is not a fake. However, it is worth remembering that the presence of a country code on the product packaging may not be an indicator of the origin of the product from this particular country.

CHAPTER 2. FOOD ADDITIVES

Nutritional supplements - Substances not normally used as food or as typical food ingredients (regardless of their nutritional value). These substances for technological purposes are added tofood productsduring production, packaging, transportation or storage to give them the desired properties, for example, a certainflavor (flavors), colors (dyes), storage duration (preservatives), taste, consistency.

The first thing to find out is how and on what grounds nutritional supplements are classified.

Classification of food additives

To classify dietary supplements in countriesEuropean Uniondeveloped a numbering system that operates with1953. Each supplement has a unique number starting with the letter "E". Index "E" was introduced at the time for convenience: after all, for eachfood additivethere is a long and incomprehensible chemical name that does not fit on a small label. And, for example, the E115 code looks the same in all languages, does not take up much space in the listing of the product composition.

So, get acquainted:

2.2. Harmful food additives

Certain concentrations of some food additives are harmful to health, which is not denied by any manufacturer. There are periodic reports in the media that supplements cause "cancer", allergies or indigestion, and other unpleasant consequences. But you need to understand that the effect of any chemical substance on the human body depends both on the individual characteristics of the organism and on the amount of the substance. For each supplement, as a rule, an acceptable daily intake (the so-called ADI) is determined, the excess of which leads to negative consequences. For some substances used as food additives, this dose is several milligrams per kilogram of body (for example, E250 -sodium nitrite), for others (for example, E951 -aspartame or E330- lemon acid) - tenths of a gram per kg of body.

It must be remembered that some substances have the propertycumulative, that is, the ability to accumulate in the body. Control over compliance with the content of food additives in the final product, of course, lies with the manufacturer. For example, E250 (sodium nitrite) is commonly used in sausages, although sodium nitrite is generally poisonoustoxicsubstance, including for mammals (50 percent of rats die at a dose of 180 milligrams per kilogram of weight). But in practice, it is not prohibited, since it is the “lesser evil” that ensures the presentation of the product and, consequently, the volume of sales (suffice it to compareRed colorshop sausage with darkbrownhomemade sausage). For smoked sausages of high grades, the nitrite content norm is set higher than for boiled sausages - it is believed that they are eaten in smaller quantities.

Some supplements can be considered quite safe (lactic acid, sucrose). However, it should be understood that thesynthesisof certain additives in different countries is different, so their danger can vary greatly. Over time, as it developsanalytical methodsand the emergence of newtoxicologicaldata, government regulations for the content of impurities in food additives may be revised.

Some of the additives previously considered harmless (for example, formaldehydeE240in chocolate bars orE121in sparkling water) were later deemed too dangerous and banned. In addition, additives that are harmless for one person can have a strong harmful effect on another. Therefore, doctors recommend, if possible, to protect children, the elderly and allergy sufferers from nutritional supplements.

So, remember food additives prohibited for use in Russia:

CHAPTER 3. PACKAGING

Package is a very important part of the product. It is used to ensure the safety of the product. The main functions of packaging:softening (shock-absorbing); designed to preserve the properties of objects after their manufacture, as well as to make them compact for conveniencetransportation; in most cases is one of the carriersadvertisinggoods. remember, thatpackaging design is one of the necessary conditions for the successful sale of almost any product, as well asnecessarily bears information about the content and may have elements of tamper-evident control.

3.1. The history of packaging

The first types of packaging were made from raw materials: cane, clay, vegetable and animal fibers. This is typical for ancient times . So around 6000 BC. e. in ancient Egypt, the production of clay pots was established. Then, around 5000 BC. e. the peoples of the countries of future Europe developed a method for heating clay to a "ceramic" state.

The first glass products appeared in Babylon in 2500 BC. e., and already in 1500 BC. e. The Egyptians learned how to blow utensils and various vessels out of glass. Ancient Egypt was followed by Ancient Greece and Syria.

Wooden barrels were next to appear, the first of which date back to 500 BC. e. and were found on the territory of Gaul (modern Northern Italy, France and Belgium). 105 CE e. paper appeared in China.

Middle Ages also distinguished by packaging. The XI century dates back to the appearance of the first paper packaging in Egypt. It was also in the Middle Ages that the craft of cooperage in Northern Europe developed. New technologies and "secrets" have appeared. For example, oak was used to store wet products in the manufacture of barrels, and pine was used to store dry products.

In 1375, one of the first standards in the packaging industry was adopted: according to the decision of the Hanseatic League, the volume of a barrel with herring or oil was to be 117.36 liters.

new time dictated its rights, and new packaging materials appeared. The history of Russian glassmaking begins in the 17th century. To fulfill the orders of the Pharmaceutical Order, the Swede Julius Koyet opens the first factory for the production of flasks, retorts, sules, stops and vials.

During the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, sacks made of textiles, cotton or jute became widespread.

The turning point in the development of the packaging industry is the invention of a paper machine (1798, France), and then a machine for making paper in rolls (1807, England).

Thanks to the invention of lithography at the end of the 18th century in Germany, it became possible for the first time to apply color drawings. The first paper label printed by lithography appears in 1820. Until that time, labels were signed by hand. Around the same period, the first tin can appears.

So, the XIX century is marked by a number of inventions:

In 1827, the Frenchman Bareta invents wax paper - cheap wrapping paper coated on one side with drying oil;

In 1844, the German Heinrich Welter develops a technology for producing cellulose from wood pulp;

In 1850, the first two-layer candy wrapper appeared: an inner layer of foil, an outer one of paper;

In 1852-1853. the British invent glassine - waterproof wrapping paper;

Corrugated paper was patented in 1856 in Great Britain;

In 1872, screw caps for jars and bottles were invented.

And at the beginning of the 20th century, a number of such striking discoveries took place, such as: in 1907, the German scientist Frederick Kipping discovers silicone; in 1908 Aldemar Bates invents a paper bag with flaps and in 1911 a Swiss chemist invents wood-based cellophane.

It is worth noting that at the turn of the century there was a serious breakthrough in the automation of packaging production:

In the 50-60s. in the USA there is a machine for making paper bags;
In 1879, Robert Geir first combined the printing process with the box-making process;
In 1880, fully automated canning equipment appeared, including the stage of sealing the lids;
In the 90s. packaging engineering develops;
In 1903, Michael J. Owens patented a machine for blowing glass bottles.

After the Second World War, the forced development of new materials began, primarily polymers. Mastered industrial production:polystyrene(thermal polymerization method);polyethylene, including high and low pressure (LDPE and HDPE);PVC(PVC); polyethylene terephthalate(PAT).

In the 1940s bags with handles and multi-coloured advertising are becoming widespread, thanks in part to the proliferation of supermarkets.

1952 marks a real revolution in the dairy packaging industry. Tetra-Pak packaging appears - "triangular" bags made of laminated paper.Tetra Classicis a tetrahedron-shaped carton for milk storage, created in 1950 by Tetra Pak. Since 1959, it has been supplied and widely used in the USSR, where these packages were usually called “pyramids”, “triangles”, “packages” (for example, milk in packages, a package of milk) or “triangular packages”, as well as the often used among the people “frog ".

AT 1958 appears aluminumbeer can, made without seams on the bottom and walls. In 1963, the lid is supplied with an aluminum ring. In the 1960s filter bags for tea and self-adhesive tape for wrapping boxes appear. In the 1970s. comes to the packaging marketthermoresistant paper. It performs the function of stabilizing packs of products on pallets. At the same time appearself-adhesivelabels and firstPAT- bottles.

3.2. Packaging materials

Various materials have been used for the manufacture of packaging at different times: from clay pots to plastic bags. Now the most popular plastic, cellophane, polyethylene, paper. Packages made from these materials differ in terms of environmental friendliness and product protection efficiency.

3.2.1. Cellophane

Cellophane (from cellulose and Greek"favos" - light) - transparent fat - moisture resistant film material obtained fromviscose. Sometimes cellophane is incorrectly calledpolyethyleneproducts (bags, bags). These are different materials with completely different properties.

So, "...cellophane was inventedJacques Edwin Brandenberger, a Swiss textile engineer, between and 1911 years. He intended to create a waterproof coating fortableclothssaving them from stains. During the experiments, he covered the fabric with liquidviscose, however the resulting material was too stiff to be used as a tablecloth. However, the coating separated well from the fabric base, and Brandenberger realized that there was another use for it. He designed a machine that produced sheets of viscose. AT1913 in Francebegan the industrial production of cellophane. After some improvements, cellophane became the world's first relatively water-resistant flexiblepackaging. After the development of new types of polymeric materials in the 1950s, the role of cellophane decreased significantly - it was almost completely replacedpolyethylene, polypropylene and lavsan.

Outwardly, cellophane and lavsan materials in the form of films are quite similar - they are very transparent, colorless, quite hard - they “crunch” when crushed. At present, the bulk of the transparent film packaging material islavsan and polyethylene, and only a small part - other polymeric materials, including cellophane. It is easy to distinguish them - with equal thicknesslavsanThe film is much stronger than cellophane. In addition, cellophane is plasticizedglycerin, why does it have a sweetish taste whentaste- in contrast to the completely insoluble and more inert lavsan and polyethylene.

Polyethylene films, unlike cellophane and lavsan films, are less transparent (the thicker the film, the more cloudy it looks to the light), do not crunch when crushed, and are much more plastic (they do not restore their original shape when stretched).

Cellophane films are very tear-resistant. However (unlike lavsan and polyethylene), having started to tear from the edge, they are further torn almost effortlessly (the effect of an unzipping zipper). This property reduces the scope of cellophane as a packaging material. .

Cellophane is used as a packaging material in the form of an outer transparent film (for example, on boxes with tape cassettes, CDs and DVDs, packs of cigarettes), as well as for packaging food, confectionery products, for making casings for sausages and cheeses, and meat and dairy products. At the same time, BOP films made from polypropylene and visually having similar properties are mainly used in this area today.

Cellophane products in the natural environment break down, decompose much faster than products made frompolyethylene and lavsan, therefore, do not threaten the environment, unlike garbage from packaging material made of polyethylene and lavsan.

3.2.2. Paper

Paper - material in the form of sheets for writing, drawing, packaging, obtained fromcellulose: from plants, as well as from recyclables (rags and waste paper). Beginning with 1803, are used in paper productionpaper machines.

Chinese chronicles report that paper was invented in105 AD e.Tsai Lunem. However, in 1957in the Baoqia cave in northern ChinaShanxia tomb was discovered where scraps of sheets of paper were found. The paper was examined and established that it was made in the 2nd century BC. Before Cai Lun, paper in China was made fromhemp, and even earlier from silks, which was made from defectivecocoonssilkworm. Cai Lun fiber millingmulberries, arboreal ash, rags and hemp. He mixed all this with water and laid out the resulting mass on a mold (wooden frame and bamboo sieve). After drying in the sun, he smoothed this mass with the help of stones. The result is strong sheets of paper. After Cai Lun's invention, the papermaking process improved rapidly. They began to add starch, glue, natural dyes to increase strength.

At the beginning 7th centurypaper making method becomes known inKorea and Japan. And after another 150 years, through prisoners of war, he gets toArabs. In the 6th - 8th centuries, paper production was carried out inCentral Asia, Korea, Japanand other countriesAsia. In the 11th-12th centuries, paper appeared in Europe, where it soon replaced animal parchment. Since the XV - XVI centuries, in connection with the introduction of printing, paper production has been growing rapidly. Paper was made in a very primitive way - by hand grinding the mass with wooden hammers in a mortar and scooping it out in forms with a mesh bottom.

Of great importance for the development of paper production was the invention in the second half of the 17th century of a grinding apparatus - a roll. At the end of the 18th century, rolls already made it possible to produce a large amount of paper pulp, but manual ebb (scooping) of paper delayed the growth of production. In 1799, N. L. Robert (France) invented the paper machine, mechanizing the ebb of paper by using an infinitely moving grid. In England, the Fourdrinier brothers, having bought Robert's patent, continued to work on the mechanization of the ebb and in 1806 patented a paper machine. By the middle of the 19th century, the paper machine had become a complex machine that operated continuously and largely automatically. In the 20th century, paper production becomes a large, highly mechanized industry with a continuous-flow technological scheme, powerful thermal power plants and complex chemical shops for the production of fibrous semi-finished products.

So, the chronology of paper packaging is as follows:

G. - the invention of papercottonTsai Lunem in China.
G. - penetration of paper intoKorea.
G. - penetration of paper intoJapan.
G. - Talas battle- paper penetrationWest.
g. - paper mill in Spain.
Approximately Mr. - English papermanufacturerJ. Whatman - the elder introduced a new paper form, which made it possible to receivesheetspaper without grid traces.
G. - patent for an invention paper machine (Louis - Nicolas Robert a).
G. - installation of the paper machine inGreat Britain (Brian Donkin).
G. - patent for an invention carbon paper.
G. - the first paper machines in Russia (Peterhof paper factory).
G. - paper machinesUSA.
g. - invention corrugated cardboard.
G. - technologyreceiving paper fromwood.

Polyethylene

Plastic bag- a bag used to carry things, made ofpolyethylene. The conventional packaging bag was first produced inUSA in 1957and was intended for packaging sandwiches, bread, vegetables and fruits. To1966about 30% of bakery products produced in this country were packed in such packages. ToThe volume of bag production in Western Europe amounted to 11.5 million pieces. ATIn the largest shopping centers, plastic bags with a handle (the so-called "T-shirts") appear on sale. Tothe total global production of plastic bags was estimated in the range from 4 to 5 trillion. pieces per year.

There are several types of packages. Transparent packaging bag, made of low or high density polyethylene, or a mixture of the first and second. Performs a protective function (protects the product from moisture and contamination). The leaders in the production of the thinnest bags of this type are the countries of Southeast Asia, China and Russia: they produce bags with a thickness of only 4.5-5 microns.

T-shirt bags are predominantly made of low-density polyethylene ("rustling") or, sometimes, high density ("smooth"). They got their name for the characteristic structure of the handles. Although bags of this type are the latest to enter the market, they have firmly established their position in supermarkets and retail outlets.

Bags with cut and loop handle. The production of bags of this type is considered the most difficult. For the manufacture of high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene and laminates are used. Package handles have several modifications. Cutting handles are reinforced (welded, glued) and unreinforced.

Garbage bags (bags) are made from low or high density polyethylene, or from a mixture of them with the addition of dyes. They are also available with handles (similar to the package - T-shirts) or with tapes for tightening.

The cheapness of the bags and the ease of their circulation means that many bags are only used for a very short time. For example, purchases in the store are packed in bags, brought home, then the bags are thrown away. Four trillion bags per year are used inworld. They kill 1 million.birds, 100 000 marine mammalsand innumerable shoalsfish. 6 million 300 thousand tonsgarbage, most of which isplastic, is reset annually toWorld Ocean.

In the environment, discarded bags are stored for a long time and are not biodegradable. Thus, they form a persistent pollution. Therefore, the circulation of plastic bags raises serious objections from environmentalists. For this reason, the use of plastic bags as household packaging is restricted or prohibited in a number of countries. In particular, in on Kangaroo Island in Australia The authorities introduced a ban on plastic bags.

Germany: consumers pay for the disposal of the bags, and for the collection and recyclingprocessingresponsible sellers and distributors.

Ireland: after increasing the price of packages, the number of packages used was reduced by 94%. Now they use "reusable" fabric bags.

USA: AT San Franciscolarge supermarkets and chain pharmacies do not use plastic bags.

China: it is forbidden to produce, sell and use plastic bags with a film thickness of less than 0.025 mm.

Tanzania: fine for manufacturing, importing or selling plastic bags - $2,000 or a year in prison. Import of plastic bagsZanzibar prohibited.

England: The Marks and Spencer chain of stores has stopped giving out free packages.Moneyfrom the sale of packages, the company transfers to the creation of new city parks and gardens. In 2004 inEnglandbiodegradable bread bags. The decomposition period of the new material is 4 years, and it decomposes into carbon dioxide and water.

Latvia: introduced a tax on plastic bags used insupermarketsto reduce their use.

Finland: supermarkets are equipped with machines for receiving used bags, which serve as raw materials forprocessingand production of new plastics.

So, there is a single eco-label for the packaging material and the product itself. It allows you to meet the requirements of environmental standards (non-pollution of the environment during production and disposal, no content of harmful substances).

CHAPTER 4. RESEARCH RESULTS

After serious work on the project, I wanted to find out how the students of the gymnasium relate to this problem. I conducted a small sociological survey. It was attended by 100 students. Among the respondents were students in grades 9-11. Judging by the answers, I think that the guys answered sincerely.

There were four questions. The content of the questions is as follows:

What is the first thing you pay attention to when choosing a purchase?
What is more important to you: taste, price or the benefits of food and drinks?
When buying a product, do you pay attention to the barcode?
What do you think nutritional supplements: good or bad?

The results of the survey showed that many people pay attention to the appearance of the goods, and not to its quality and how fresh the product they buy. Others believe that well-known trade brands should be trusted, hence the best quality product. But we all know that this is not so. Therefore, after getting acquainted with my research work, I suggest that you change some of your habits for choosing goods in retail chains.

After analyzing the results of the questionnaires, I made some diagrams. They can be studied in detail in Appendix 2 of the project.

So, many schoolchildren do not know how to choose the right and “right” product. But if you want to, it's easy to learn. These skills can help a lot in life. And remember, our health is in our own hands.

CONCLUSION

As a result of the work carried out, the following conclusions were drawn:

The easiest way to check the authenticity of the product is by barcode.
Food additives are used by the manufacturer of goods to improve the appearance, taste, and extend the shelf life. Using additives in the process of food preparation, the manufacturer does not think about what diseases this or that additive can cause in the consumer. Nobody will take care of you except yourself.
Not all packages decompose over time. Better to use paper bags.

So, the most important thing that I would like to note after doing the simplest research. Environmentally literate consumers are not born. But every person who protects nature and their own health must become such a consumer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alekseev S.V., Gruzdeva N.V., Gushchina E.V. Schoolchild Ecological Workshop: Textbook for students. - Samara: Fedorov Corporation, Educational Literature Publishing House, 2005. - 304 p. – (Elective course for senior specialized school).
Korobkin V.I., Peredelsky L.V. Ecology. - Rostov n / a: publishing house "Phenex", 2000. - 576 p.
Mirkin B.M., Naumov L.G., Sumatokhin S.V. Ecology grades 10-11 (textbook for high school students, profile level). - M .: "Ventana Graf", 2010.
School environmental monitoring. Teaching aid / Ed. T.Ya. Ashakhmina. – M.: AGAR, 2000.
www.wikipedia.org

APPENDIX 1

Table #1

Character Size Ratio Examples

2D barcode and code capacity

15x15

27x27

45x45

61x61

79x79

400-440

Germany

Hungary

Spain

460-469

Russia and CIS

600-601

South Africa

Cuba

Taiwan

Morocco

The environmental problem is a very important stage in the development of mankind. It determines the fate of the human world. People, conquering nature, largely destroyed the balance of ecological systems. “Before, nature was afraid of man, but now man is afraid of nature,” said French oceanologist Jacques Yves Cousteau. In some places, the environment has reached a state of crisis.

No one can remain indifferent to environmental pollution. “The bird that pollutes its own nest is bad,” says a folk proverb.

Pollution of the surroundings, reduction of natural resources poses great challenges for humanity. The future of our planet depends on the purity of the environment. To achieve all this, it is necessary that a person realizes everything himself and takes a step towards protecting nature.

Today, our ecological culture is not at a high level. This suggests that such subjects as physics, computer science, astronomy, mathematics, chemistry pay little attention to ecology. The Law of the Russian Federation “Nature Protection” means that environmental knowledge must be received continuously. Its goal is to improve the ecological culture of every person.

Ecological culture and school are closely interconnected. We are faced with the task of gaining knowledge of ecology. To achieve success, you need to work consistently using real facts.

Ecology, as a science, is not included in the school curriculum. Therefore, environmental problems have to be studied in optional classes.

In the lessons of geography and biology, we pay attention to the problems of the relationship between society and nature, to methods for developing the productivity of rural crops, and to studying the adaptation properties of living organisms to environmental factors.

Ecology Month is held at our school every school year. This month is dedicated to bird protection, ecological analysis and environmental greening.

Based on all of the above, we have drawn up a project for our village. We set ourselves the task of improving the ecological condition of the territory of our village.

The ecological state of the village

Ecology is a science that studies the relationship between living organisms and the environment. If you notice that industry is growing every day, then for the countryside it turns into a large use of poisonous drugs and fertilizers, an increase in the number of transport. All this seriously affects the living world. Despite this, natural resources are decreasing, many species of animals and plants are disappearing. Every day more and more polluted air, water, environment. Therefore, each person is faced with the task of changing the ecological situation in his locality.

We, students of the Village of Churinsky secondary school, have been carrying out effective work for the protection of nature for several years: we study the ecology around our school territory, our village, draw conclusions from the work done, and try to improve the environment around us for the better.

This year, students of grades 6-9 participated in this work, i.e. 36 people. To make the result of our work accurate, the study was conducted from 7 am to 9 pm. It took place in the months of February and March. It was taken into account the number of trees in the territory with. Chura village. Not far from the village passes the route Kukmor - Kazan. The students explored how far residential buildings are from the highway and what kind of cars usually pass by. The distance between residential buildings and livestock farms, a machine and tractor park, a gas station, warehouses where poisonous chemicals are stored, a cattle cemetery, landfills, etc. was considered. We paid attention to what kind of garbage was in landfills. In addition, the pollution of snow and drinking water was investigated.

After researching, they concluded: the Kukmor-Kazan highway runs south-southeast, 70 meters from the village. Chura village. During the winter months, approximately 16 trucks and 19 cars pass per hour, and in spring days this number increases to 23 trucks and 24 cars. According to theory, 1 passenger car emits 1 kg of smoke per day (41.6 g per hour). The composition of the smoke contains 30 g of carbon monoxide, 6 g of nitric oxide, sulfur, lead impurities. And trucks emit 3 times more toxic substances. Based on this data, we calculated how much dust is emitted by cars that drive along our track. So, cars and trucks emit 3868.8 g of smoke per hour, hence 2790 g of carbon monoxide, 558 g of nitric oxide, and other substances that are toxic to our body. If we keep in mind that there are 24 hours in a day and 365 days in a year, then it is not difficult to imagine how many toxic substances are released into the air. And we all breathe this air. It should also be added that 1 car that travels 1000 km will use the same air that 1 person would breathe for a whole year. It must be borne in mind that 1 machine produces 5–8 kg of rubber dust per year.

Plants very quickly recognize the level of atmospheric pollution. For example: coniferous trees are very good bioindicators. At one of the lessons, we followed the spruces that grow near our village and noticed that there are brown spots on the trees - mold. This suggests that there is a large amount of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Indeed, next to these fir trees there are 3 stokers and a highway. This means that every hour a gas rich in sulfur dioxide is released into the air from the boiler room, and car smoke is added to this. But not only they pollute our environment. At 150 m from residential buildings to the south-southeast there is a machine and tractor park and a gas station. We explored these places and determined how polluted the surface of the snow is. We checked the composition of the snow by taking snow from the park, the main street, the school site. Having melted the snow, we checked the acidity. As a result, it turned out that it contains acid ions, but most of them turned out to be in the machine and tractor fleet.

Farms are located 90 m to S-SE, chemical warehouses (ammonia) are located 450 m to N-SW, a cattle cemetery is 700 m to N-SE, two dumps are located 1000 m to S and 50 m to N-SW (<Picture 1 >, <Figure 2>), in addition, the same garbage dumps are available in the village in 3 places. Among the garbage there are iron, glass, polyethylene, paper, etc. But paper - 2, flasks - 90, polyethylene - 200, glass - do not decay for 1000 years.

It is good that different trees and plantings have been planted around the village. On the border of the village to the north-southwest at 1000 m there are coniferous trees - pines, to the north-southwest at 700 m there is a birch grove, towards the north-northwest at 500 m pine trees grow, towards the south-southwest at 500 m there is a birch grove, on the southwest at 800 m - pines. Trees have been planted along the Kukmor-Kazan highway to protect us from exhaust fumes. In addition to all these trees, there are also shrubs. On the territory of The village of Chura has 4595 trees and shrubs in total. According to statistics, elm absorbs 23 kg of dust in one summer. As a result, trees and shrubs growing along the village absorb 74.1 tons of dust during the summer. But they are still missing.

We also checked the purity and hardness of the water through a microscope. The water that was taken from the well and the pump turned out to be clean, and in the water that was taken from the artesian well, flowing into the cattle complex, there are very small microorganisms. In terms of hardness, water from a column is medium, from a well it is soft, and from an artesian well it is hard, because. there are many anions and cations. They boiled the water. In the water taken from the well, the salt melted, while in other sources it did not completely dissolve. Hence the conclusion that water is hard.

In autumn, an experiment was carried out with spring water. We checked temperature, taste, hydrogen sulfide and iron, spring water hardness. The conclusions were as follows: the water temperature is +1 0 C, transparent, unsalted, the water contains iron, but no hydrogen sulfide, the hardness is low, the water volume is 1.3 l/sec. ( Appendix 1)

Conclusion

The environmental problem is getting worse every year. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil are becoming more and more polluted every day. According to our research, it can be seen that transport pollutes the air, the number of springs and wells is becoming smaller every year, and the number of landfills, on the contrary, is increasing. Agricultural vehicles and farms pollute the water. To do this, we need to hold subbotniks in the village and beyond, clean everything around from garbage, reduce the number of landfills and plant trees for landscaping.

Plants protect us from various dirty poisonous gases. Therefore, we must green the area around us. At the request of the forestry workers, every year the students of our school plant 10-15 hectares of tree seedlings. Last year we planted about 20 hectares of trees. 95–99% of planted young seedlings survive on the territory of the forest, and 85–90% in plantings along roads.

It is impossible to achieve the protection of nature only by the efforts of students. Therefore, we try to ensure that every person in our village takes an active part in this. Together we must save our planet from ecological catastrophe.

Tasks: Tasks: Describe your home. Describe your home. Consider the main environmental factors affecting health. Consider the main environmental factors affecting health. Air condition in the apartment, temperature, dustiness. Air condition in the apartment, temperature, dustiness. Lighting characteristic. Lighting characteristic. Houseplants. Houseplants. Pets. Pets. Develop habits in your home. Develop habits in your home.

Introduction As a biological species, man appeared in his natural habitat. Since then, he has made many outstanding discoveries, and one of them is the creation of an artificial habitat. Housing reduced man's dependence on adverse environmental conditions and allowed him to spread widely throughout the globe. Nowadays, in a closed room (home, school, office), a person stays 80% of his time. As a biological species, man appeared in his natural habitat. Since then, he has made many outstanding discoveries, and one of them is the creation of an artificial habitat. Housing reduced man's dependence on adverse environmental conditions and allowed him to spread widely throughout the globe. Nowadays, in a closed room (home, school, office), a person stays 80% of his time. House and estate. Ancient words, indigenous peasant concepts, resurrected today. Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl has such an explanation: a house with caregivers. Maybe not familiar to the ear now, it, nevertheless, sounds now in a special way - expressive, encouraging, fresh in line with the flow of the national language and thought, and bearing echoes of the past, it is now perceived quite relevantly. House and estate. Ancient words, indigenous peasant concepts, resurrected today. Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl has such an explanation: a house with caregivers. Maybe not familiar to the ear now, it, nevertheless, sounds now in a special way - expressive, encouraging, fresh in line with the flow of the national language and thought, and bearing echoes of the past, it is now perceived quite relevantly. Whatever you apply, but at all times, take care - this is what they carefully look after, what they value, what they protect and cherish. This is exactly what a rural house, the yard of a good, hard-working owner, has been for centuries. Whatever you apply, but at all times, take care - this is what they carefully look after, what they value, what they protect and cherish. This is exactly what a rural house, the yard of a good, hard-working owner, has been for centuries. It is clear that in the transition from natural to artificial habitats, the quality of the premises, which largely serves human health, is of great importance. Unfortunately, with invaluable amenities, housing creates a number of problems for a person, usually called adverse housing factors, or risk factors. It is clear that in the transition from natural to artificial habitats, the quality of the premises, which largely serves human health, is of great importance. Unfortunately, with invaluable amenities, housing creates a number of problems for a person, usually called adverse housing factors, or risk factors.

Characteristics of my home I want to tell you about my home, where I live, about the conditions for life, what problems exist, how we overcome them. I want to talk about my house, where I live, about the conditions for life, what problems exist, how we overcome them. Our house was built in 1064, our family lives in it in 1996. The house is located on Molodezhnaya street, 2-apartment. Other houses are far away from us. The estate is large, behind the garden there is a swamp. The house is built of cinder blocks, plastered inside and out. Internal partitions are brick, doors, window frames are wooden. The floor and ceiling are also wood. The house has a veranda. 3-room apartment in the house: hall - 15 sq.m, bedroom - 10 sq.m, children's room - 10 sq.m, kitchen - 9 sq.m, corridor - 7 sq.m, total area - 51 sq.m . the optimal dimensions are 17.5 square meters. m of living space per person. My family consists of four people, so one has about 13 square meters, including the kitchen and corridor. But I have a little brother, we occupy one room with him, so we have enough space. Our house is located so that during the day almost 3 hours is illuminated by the sun. Irradiation with sunlight (insolation) is carried out through the windows, their area: hall - 2.3 sq.m, windows in the nursery, bedroom and kitchen are the same - 1.54 sq.m. the total area of windows is 7.93 sq.m, and the floor area is 51 sq.m. according to the norm, the ratio should be 1/8, in our case it is 0.15. which is quite normal. Insolation has not only a bactericidal effect, but also acts as a biological factor on people. Our skin glands contain provitamin, which turns into vitamin D. This protects against rickets. Our house was built in 1064, our family lives in it in 1996. The house is located on Molodezhnaya street, 2-apartment. Other houses are far away from us. The estate is large, behind the garden there is a swamp. The house is built of cinder blocks, plastered inside and out. Internal partitions are brick, doors, window frames are wooden. The floor and ceiling are also wood. The house has a veranda. 3-room apartment in the house: hall - 15 sq.m, bedroom - 10 sq.m, children's room - 10 sq.m, kitchen - 9 sq.m, corridor - 7 sq.m, total area - 51 sq.m . the optimal dimensions are 17.5 square meters. m of living space per person. My family consists of four people, so one has about 13 square meters, including the kitchen and corridor. But I have a little brother, we occupy one room with him, so we have enough space. Our house is located so that during the day almost 3 hours is illuminated by the sun. Irradiation with sunlight (insolation) is carried out through the windows, their area: hall - 2.3 sq.m, windows in the nursery, bedroom and kitchen are the same - 1.54 sq.m. the total area of windows is 7.93 sq.m, and the floor area is 51 sq.m. according to the norm, the ratio should be 1/8, in our case it is 0.15. which is quite normal. Insolation has not only a bactericidal effect, but also acts as a biological factor on people. Our skin glands contain provitamin, which turns into vitamin D. This protects against rickets. The internal environment of an apartment or living environment is the result of the interaction of other physical, chemical and biological factors. Influencing us, they have an impact on our physical and mental health, on our emotional state. The internal environment of an apartment or living environment is the result of the interaction of other physical, chemical and biological factors. Influencing us, they have an impact on our physical and mental health, on our emotional state.

Temperature regime I will try to characterize these influences on our life. I will try to characterize these influences on our life. For a comfortable existence, our home must be warm, bright. We have autonomous, water heating in our apartment, there is a stove in the kitchen. And if hygienists believe that the optimal temperature is For a comfortable existence, our home should be warm, bright. We have autonomous, water heating in our apartment, there is a stove in the kitchen. And if hygienists believe that the optimal temperature is hail, and it is desirable that it be maintained the same throughout the day, then it is almost impossible to withstand this in a rural house, we heat the stove 2 times a day, so the temperature changes more sharply than necessary. What is acceptable for a city apartment is impossible for a village. Our temperature shows 23 degrees in the morning, drops to 15 degrees in the afternoon, rises again in the evening, and drops again in the morning. So the whole cold season. In summer, we do not heat the apartment with hail, and it is desirable that it be kept the same throughout the day, but in a rural house it is almost impossible to withstand this, we heat the stove 2 times a day, so the temperature changes more sharply than necessary. What is acceptable for a city apartment is impossible for a village. Our temperature shows 23 degrees in the morning, drops to 15 degrees in the afternoon, rises again in the evening, and drops again in the morning. So the whole cold season. We do not heat the apartment in summer.

The lighting of the apartment is natural and artificial. Natural lighting in residential areas. The lighting of the apartment is natural and artificial. Natural lighting in residential areas. Premises Result sanitary and hygienic standard sanitary and hygienic standard HallChildren's BedroomKitchen 0.21 0.21 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.25 - 0.17

Luminous coefficient (LC) is calculated by the formula: Luminous coefficient (LC) is calculated by the formula: S1 S 1 - window area S1 S 1 - window area SK \u003d where SK \u003d where S2 S 2 - floor area S2 S 2 - floor area Natural lighting almost corresponds to the norm. The light background of the rooms also improves, the light doors painted with white paint, the walls and ceiling are whitewashed with blue paint, which increases the reflectivity of the surfaces. Natural lighting is almost adequate. The light background of the rooms also improves, the light doors painted with white paint, the walls and ceiling are whitewashed with blue paint, which increases the reflectivity of the surfaces.

The apartment also has artificial lighting, these are incandescent lamps. I calculated the power of artificial lighting in all our rooms and compared it with the norms. Premises Premises Specific lighting power Result Norm HallChildren'sBedroomKitchen 20 W/m² 15 W/m² 40 W/m² 10 W/m² 17 W/m² 17 W/m²

Based on the norms, artificial lighting is below the norm. But for homework in the evening this is enough, for reading we additionally turn on table lamps. Based on the norms, artificial lighting is below the norm. But for homework in the evening this is enough, for reading we additionally turn on table lamps. The work table in the nursery stands near the window and there is enough light for doing homework. The work table in the nursery stands near the window and there is enough light for doing homework.

Reflectivity of painted wall surfaces. Premises Premises Surface color Reflective surface in % Reflective surface in % Hall Walls whitewashed light blue 30% 30% Children Whitewash almost white 70% 70% Kitchen Walls covered with blue oilcloth 6% 6%

Health and clean air Clean indoor air is essential for health. This is also a problem. According to available data, indoor air is four times worse than outdoor air. Especially if we live in a village where the air is ecologically clean (we have no industrial enterprises, cowsheds outside the village, relatively few tractors and cars, a lot of green spaces). Clean indoor air is of great importance for health. This is also a problem. According to available data, indoor air is four times worse than outdoor air. Especially if we live in a village where the air is ecologically clean (we have no industrial enterprises, cowsheds outside the village, relatively few tractors and cars, a lot of green spaces). And yet the air environment of the living quarters has a lot of pollution: And yet the air environment of the living quarters has a lot of pollution: Building materials; building materials; Human waste products; Human waste products; Operation of household appliances; Operation of household appliances; Cooking in the kitchen. Cooking in the kitchen. With the help of modern methods of physical and chemical analysis, the qualitative and quantitative composition of air pollutants has been established. With the help of modern methods of physical and chemical analysis, the qualitative and quantitative composition of air pollutants has been established. It turns out that various, individual compounds have been found in the air we breathe. They are taken from different sources. Of those selected in relation to their apartment: It turns out that various, individual compounds were found in the air that we breathe. They are taken from different sources. From those selected in relation to your apartment: Household dust - 80 Household dust - 80 Linoleum, film - 54 Linoleum, film - 54 Electrical equipment - 33 Electrical equipment - 33 Refrigerator - 88 Refrigerator - 88 Cooking in the kitchen - 67 Cooking in the kitchen - 67 Products human life activity - 157 Human waste products - 157 Total: 479 - approximately the same amount of pollutants can be in an apartment. But all these objects surround us, Total: 479 - about as many pollutants can be in an apartment. But all these objects surround us, 5 5 we can no longer refuse it. we can no longer refuse it.

How do pollutants accumulate in our apartment? Pollution of an apartment Pollution of an apartment Concentration of pollutants Concentration of pollutants in apartments 2-5 times Concentration of pollutants in apartments 2-5 times higher than in the streets of the city higher than on the streets of the city Asbest CO Tobacco smoke Formaldehyde Radiation Carcinogenic Asbestos CO Tobacco smoke Formaldehyde Radiation Carcinogenic Substances Substances Gas Gas stoves Smoking in the stoves Smoking in the apartment apartment Chipboard, Plywood, Chipboard, Plywood, Styrofoam Styrofoam Microwave, Microwave, Computer Computer TV TV Cellular Cellular Insulating Adhesive, telephone varnish Insulating Glue, telephone varnish Material Solvents Material Solvents Detergents Detergents CO Formaldehyde Asbestos Tobacco smoke Carcinogens Radiation

House dust The air environment of the apartment includes particles of house dust, these are objects of the material world destroyed to the smallest size, what our dwelling is built of: brick, sand, clay, lime, slag, cement. They form the mineral basis of dust. Finishing building materials also make their contribution: wood, varnishes, paints. We are surrounded in the house by various items that make our life much easier: furniture, clothes, underwear, books. But all of the above are also suppliers of dust. And each person "dusts". We average about 450 g of dead skin per year, and this organic substance is an excellent food for living organisms: mites, fungi, etc. It has been established that 1 g of dead skin is enough to feed the thousandth population of ticks. After all, we now sleep each in our own bed, and here it is warm, humid and there is an abundance of food for ticks. Up to 200 thousand of them can live in one meter. Characteristics of dust and its dimensions, the behavior of dust depends on them, very small microns cannot stay in suspension for a long time. They settle everywhere. The air environment of the apartment includes particles of house dust, these are objects of the material world destroyed to the smallest size, what our dwelling is built of: brick, sand, clay, lime, slag, cement. They form the mineral basis of dust. Finishing building materials also make their contribution: wood, varnishes, paints. We are surrounded in the house by various items that make our life much easier: furniture, clothes, underwear, books. But all of the above are also suppliers of dust. And each person "dusts". We average about 450 g of dead skin per year, and this organic substance is an excellent food for living organisms: mites, fungi, etc. It has been established that 1 g of dead skin is enough to feed the thousandth population of ticks. After all, we now sleep each in our own bed, and here it is warm, humid and there is an abundance of food for ticks. Up to 200 thousand of them can live in one meter. Characteristics of dust and its dimensions, the behavior of dust depends on them, very small microns cannot stay in suspension for a long time. They settle everywhere. I checked it myself: I took the pieces of glass, smeared them with Vaseline and put them in the rooms. I checked the results in 5 minutes in the morning and in the afternoon, after school. In the morning, more dust settled in the nursery and bedroom, as we all got up, got dressed, packed, made our beds, and the dust vibrated in the air. There were fewer dust particles in the hall both in the morning and in the afternoon, and in the evening, when the whole family is in the common room, more. But it is still possible to fight against such dust particles: it is to ventilate the premises, although in the village during the construction of apartments, transoms were not made in the windows, we did it ourselves later, but in winter, of course, we do not open, keeping warm. These are the features of rural life. In the summer, we ventilate the premises, open the doors, put insect nets on the transoms. We also use effective technical means: wet cleaning and a vacuum cleaner. I checked it myself: I took the pieces of glass, smeared them with Vaseline and put them in the rooms. I checked the results in 5 minutes in the morning and in the afternoon, after school. In the morning, more dust settled in the nursery and bedroom, as we all got up, got dressed, packed, made our beds, and the dust vibrated in the air. There were fewer dust particles in the hall both in the morning and in the afternoon, and in the evening, when the whole family is in the common room, more. But it is still possible to fight against such dust particles: it is to ventilate the premises, although in the village during the construction of apartments, transoms were not made in the windows, we did it ourselves later, but in winter, of course, we do not open, keeping warm. These are the features of rural life. In the summer, we ventilate the premises, open the doors, put insect nets on the transoms. We also use effective technical means: wet cleaning and a vacuum cleaner.

Chemical substances released during human life. Scientists have discovered and identified up to 400 anthropotoxins. We excrete them with air, through the skin, urine, and feces. It turned out that their composition also depends on human health. All members of my family are healthy, none of us have serious illnesses. Indoors, toxins will always accompany us and it is impossible to strongly influence the course of pollution of the artificial environment. You can weaken the effect of this factor, again ventilate the premises more often. Scientists have discovered and identified up to 400 anthropotoxins. We excrete them with air, through the skin, urine, and feces. It turned out that their composition also depends on human health. All members of my family are healthy, none of us have serious illnesses. Indoors, toxins will always accompany us and it is impossible to strongly influence the course of pollution of the artificial environment. You can weaken the effect of this factor, again, ventilate the premises more often.

Pollutants in our kitchen, we heat the stove with wood and coal, cook food on a gas stove: this is a real chemical laboratory. Because the kitchen is the dirtiest room in terms of air quality. The products of gas combustion themselves (carbon dioxide and water) are not dangerous, but nitrogen oxides appear when air nitrogen is oxidized at the gas combustion temperature. And still not quite complete combustion of gas. As a result, formaldehyde is formed, we heat the stove with wood and coal, we cook food on a gas stove: this is a real chemical laboratory. Because the kitchen is the dirtiest room in terms of air quality. The products of gas combustion themselves (carbon dioxide and water) are not dangerous, but nitrogen oxides appear when air nitrogen is oxidized at the gas combustion temperature. And still not quite complete combustion of gas. As a result, formaldehyde, 6 6 carbon monoxide, polycyclic carbohydrates are formed - the most famous of them is benzpyrene (this is an aromatic carbohydrate, on the example of which, back in 1915, Japanese scientists Yamagieva and Ishikova discovered the existence of chemicals that cause cancer - carcinogens) . And again, the harm and convenience of life in an artificial environment are joined. And in this case, we only ventilate the kitchen more often. And we can not refuse cooking on a gas stove. Using gas is also cheaper for our family. carbon monoxide, polycyclic carbohydrates - the most famous of them is benzpyrene (this is an aromatic carbohydrate, on the example of which, back in 1915, Japanese scientists Yamagiev and Ishikov discovered the existence of chemicals that cause cancer - carcinogens). And again, the harm and convenience of life in an artificial environment are joined. And in this case, we only ventilate the kitchen more often. And we can not refuse cooking on a gas stove. Using gas is also cheaper for our family.

Houseplants. dieffenbachia indoor plants. dieffenbachia In the village, many people started breeding dieffenbachia, we also got this plant a year ago. It grows quickly, does not require special care, fights formaldehyde, benzene, toluene (excretions from furniture, linoleum, etc.). In the village, many people started breeding dieffenbachia, we also got this plant a year ago. It grows quickly, does not require special care, fights formaldehyde, benzene, toluene (excretions from furniture, linoleum, etc.).

Chlorophytum on the wall in a flowerpot is comfortably placed chlorophytum, I found out that it purifies the air from pathogens (by%), chlorophytum is comfortably located on the wall in a flowerpot, I found out that it purifies the air from pathogens (by%), from oxide nitrogen

Pelargonium Having become better acquainted with houseplants, I myself put fragrant geraniums in my room. They bloom beautifully and secrete special substances that reduce bronchial diseases. Having become better acquainted with houseplants, I myself put fragrant geraniums in my room. They bloom beautifully and secrete special substances that reduce bronchial diseases.

Thus, the introduction of various plants into our life under artificial conditions will help to clear the air of pathogens, toxins, dust, and will have an aesthetic therapeutic effect. The increasing introduction of useful plants into our lives will reduce morbidity, strengthen the regenerative functions of the body, increase efficiency and, ultimately, prolong our lives! Thus, the introduction of various plants into our life under artificial conditions will help to clear the air of pathogens, toxins, dust, and will have an aesthetic therapeutic effect. The increasing introduction of useful plants into our lives will reduce morbidity, strengthen the regenerative functions of the body, increase efficiency and, ultimately, prolong our lives!

Domestic animals From domestic animals cat with kittens. There is a dog in the yard, my brother and I love to play with kittens. The cat is also a necessary tenant of our rural apartment. From pets cat with kittens. There is a dog in the yard, my brother and I love to play with kittens. The cat is also a necessary tenant of our rural apartment.

Conclusion. And so, a person solves one of the global problems - he created housing, an artificial habitat. By this, he protected himself from many natural surprises: cooling of the climate, rains, winds. Here he was able to retire from others "My home is my fortress." But as civilization developed, a person surrounded himself with an increasing number of objects and various devices, not always thinking about their impact on health. These include a variety of electrical appliances and household chemicals that pose a potential health hazard. And so, a person solves one of the global problems - he created housing, an artificial habitat. By this, he protected himself from many natural surprises: cooling of the climate, rains, winds. Here he was able to retire from others "My home is my fortress." But as civilization developed, a person surrounded himself with an increasing number of objects and various devices, not always thinking about their impact on health. These include a variety of electrical appliances and household chemicals that pose a potential health hazard. But it also made life easier. A person is a part of wildlife, and the mental state depends on many factors. But it also made life easier. A person is a part of wildlife, and the mental state depends on many factors. I think that a person who has solved the problem of artificial habitat will be able to create even better conditions for life. I think that a person who has solved the problem of artificial habitat will be able to create even better conditions for life. Many scientists believe that in the future the role of housing will increase precisely as a place for a healthy lifestyle, as a place for creative activity in increasing self-education. Many scientists believe that in the future the role of housing will increase precisely as a place for a healthy lifestyle, as a place for creative activity in increasing self-education. Special rooms for teenagers will be created in the apartments. Special rooms for teenagers, rooms for work and rest will be created in the apartments. The role of housing construction will increase. rooms for work and rest. The role of housing construction will increase. And I want to end with the lines I like from poetry And I want to end with the lines I like from the poems of N. Zabolotsky: Man has two worlds: One that has created us, Another that we have been creating for centuries, To the best of our ability ...

The influence of climatic and meteorological factors on the functioning of the organism of students of early youth in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Homeless dogs in the urban environment in Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region and a danger to human health.
Dust collector trees, their importance in improving the environment in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
The study of environmental factors in conditions of inclined microzoning of agrolandscapes on the example of the Uktus Mountains.
Analysis of water quality and the state of water intake facilities in Yekaterinburg or the cities of the Sverdlovsk region (case study).
Monitoring of drinking water sources of non-centralized water supply in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
The study of the phytoncidal properties of green plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region
Census of wintering birds: ecological aspect (Participation in the program of winter bird censuses "Eurasian Christmas census").
Methods for studying the ecological state of the Iset or Patrushikha river, lake. Shartash, other reservoirs of the region and their use in the assessment of anthropogenic impact (a specific reservoir).
Comparison of the cleansing capacity of the river ecosystem of the Iset, Patrushikha or other rivers of the region (case study).
Medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg) as an indicator of environmental pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Perception of the visual environment and its influence on the well-being of a person (on a specific example).
Natural-historical-cultural monument of nature "Stone tents" or other natural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
Comparative characteristics of the vegetation of landscape natural monuments "Shartash forest park" and "Uktus forest park" or other forest parks of the city (specific examples).
Assessment of the state of the air environment in the districts of Yekaterinburg or other cities of the region by the method of lichen indication (specific area).
Influence of anthropogenic impact on the growth and fruiting of Scots pine trees in Kharitonovsky Park or other parks of the city and region (specific park).
The role of propaganda in increasing motivation to protect the environment on the example of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College and its impact on human health.
Environmental studies of changes in the physical development of first-year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Household waste and problems of their disposal in the districts of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Assessment of the state of green spaces in the districts of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region and the impact on human health (a case study).
Fauna of diurnal Lepidoptera in the districts of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Study of the demographic situation in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Assessment of the recreational capacity of a forest park or a protected area of the Sverdlovsk region (specific area).
How to survive a monument in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Videoecology of the valley of the Iset or Patrushikha rivers and other rivers of the region.
The dynamics of the avifauna of some forest areas in the Sverdlovsk region (a specific area) and the impact of anthropogenic pressure.
Practical aspects of interaction between people and birds in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Factors affecting the performance and fatigue in the educational process in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Radiation monitoring of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region.
The impact of environmental environmental factors on the health of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The problem of modernity "Tuberculosis - the border between life and death."
Comparative characteristics of the ecological situation in the area of buildings 1 and 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Influence of the urban environment on the state of plants (on the example of studying the growth and development of lilac shoots).
Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and near-water birds during the autumn migration period at the mouth of the Patrushikha River.
Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and near-water birds during the autumn migration period in the pond of the Kharitonovsky park.
Noise pollution in the 2nd building of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Proper housekeeping (case study).
Comparative analysis of biological methods for assessing air quality using lichen.
Study of Red Book and rare phytocenotic objects of a forest park or a protected area of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
Some features of physical development and hemodynamic function of the heart in 1st and 2nd year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The study of the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify genetically modified ingredients in it.
The study of the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify harmful food additives.
Monitoring of the ecological state of the ecological systems of the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (specific examples).
Study of rare and protected plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
The daily intake of nutrients by students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The diet of students of SBEI SPO "Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College"
Assessment of the ecological state of the air environment on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Video-environmental rationale for the discomfort of the interface of modern operating systems.
Comparative analysis of indoor plants in classrooms - No. 216, 316 as a factor in improving the indoor microclimate.
The study of the ecological state of the Kharitonovsky Park or the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
Ecological characteristics of the water system of the forest park Shartash (case study) and impact on health.
Ecological characteristics of the reservoirs of the Sverdlovsk region and the impact on health (case study).
Aging of the population of the Sverdlovsk region as an environmental problem.
Dynamics of the ecological state of the Park of Culture and Leisure named after Mayakovsky.
The use of microfertilizers as an effective way to dispose of household waste (on a specific site).
Forecasting the level of pollution of surface waters in the Sverdlovsk region.
Using the bioindication method to assess the state of atmospheric air in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg.
Analysis of drinking water in Yekaterinburg and the impact on health.
Ecological passport of the forest park of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region (a specific example).
Dependence of the incidence of ARVI and influenza in schoolchildren on the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.
Biotechnical measures for the conservation of plant species listed in the Red Book in the territory of a forest park or nature reserve in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of Lake Shartash or rivers and lakes of cities and towns in the region.
The secret of the water we drink.
Influence of different types of tillage on its agronomic properties.
The study of the ecological state of the river Iset, Patrushikha or rivers and lakes of the region.
Violation of human eating behavior under the influence of socio-psychological factors.
Socio-psychological factors of the environment and their impact on the health of students in the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Determination of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the surrounding video environment in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Determination of the ecological characteristics of the meadows of the Sverdlovsk region by vegetation cover (specific examples).
Influence of the anthropogenic factor on the ecosystem of the meadow in the Sverdlovsk region.
Aircraft noise impact assessment in the area adjacent to Koltsovo Airport.
The problem of beer alcoholism among students of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Mobile phone: "for" and "against" (on the example of students of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
Determination of noise pollution on the territory of Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Food additives pros and cons.
Category E food additives on human health.
Assessment of the intensity of the traffic flow and its impact on the state of atmospheric air in the area of the reinforced concrete plant or other areas of the city and region.
Dynamics of the number and biomass of the earthworm (Limbricus terrestris) in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (on the example of the suburban area of the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region).
Determination of nitrates in agricultural products.
Dependence of the species and quantitative composition of birds on the degree of recreational load of natural forest parks and parks of the city of Yekaterinburg in winter.
Studying the impact of the highway on environmental safety on the example of the concrete goods district or other districts of the city and region.
"The green dress of my street."
The impact of railway transport on human health (on specific examples).
Study of the illumination of the classrooms of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Ecological potential of the method of photographing wildlife in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
Ecological potential of the method of drawings of wildlife objects of the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities of the region.
Conduct a comparative analysis of parks or forest parks in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities in the region by photographing wildlife.
Landscaping of the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Ecology of homeless animals in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
The study of the ecological state of the springs of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region and the territory adjacent to them (on a specific example).
Arrangement of springs and the territory adjacent to them in the vicinity of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region (on a specific example).
Monitoring the quality of tap water in the city of Yekaterinburg.
Influence of the degree of environmental pollution on the physiological parameters of some tree species in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
Nitrates in vegetable products (on specific examples).
Features of the perception of environmental risks in the context of the economic crisis.
Studying the problem of urban environment pollution with household waste (on the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region).
Dependence of bronchial asthma attacks on industrial air pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
My view on the problem of homeless animals in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region and ways to solve it.
Assessment of the state of the visual environment of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
Influence of the conditions of urbanized Yekaterinburg on the state of the cardiovascular system of students.
Mental performance and physiological adaptation of students to the system of vocational training in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Vitamin C in the diet of the indigenous and visiting population of Yekaterinburg.
Study of the effect of road transport emissions on the linear growth of pine in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Study of the ecological environment of a dwelling (on a specific example).
Influence of external factors on seed germination (on the example of flower seeds).
Influence of computer addiction on the progress of students in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Study of the influence of the visual environment on human health in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region.
Studying the attitude to smoking of college students and the harmful effects of tobacco products on living organisms (at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
Evaluation of the resistance of trees and shrubs in green spaces in residential areas of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Linden as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.