What will the continents look like in the future? The disappearance of the magnetic field

Today we will talk about such a dark topic: what will happen to our planet if there is no Sun .. And will there be anything at all.

In order to understand what can happen with the death or elimination of the Sun as the main luminary on the planet, you must first evaluate the role of the Sun during its lifetime. Of course, this information cannot be contained in one article, people have been studying the brightest star for thousands of years and it still remains a part of the mystery for them, but let's try to briefly reflect the essence.

If the Sun goes out, the Earth will die in just 8 minutes 20 seconds

The sun

The sun is the most powerful natural nuclear reactor! The temperature inside the Sun is over 16 million degrees Celsius, outside it is over 5 thousand, the temperature is gradually rising.

The sun is now about 4.5 billion years old, which is at least half of its life, that is, it still lives in an ideal scenario no less than what it already has.

No wonder even the Earth is one of the planets of the solar system. The Sun "controls" everything in our Universe, satellites, planets, asteroids, meteorites revolve around the brightest and main star. The sun, depending on the distance and approach of the Earth, heats our planet, and winter or summer, autumn, spring begins on it, and when the Earth turns around its axis with the back side, we have night, then day. In summer, there is a short night cycle, since the Earth is close to the Sun at that moment, so it illuminates the planet better than in the winter season.

Few of us even imagine the situation that the Sun will not warm forever and may go out one day. This is perhaps the last thing a person thinks about, walking on the mortal earth, being filled with thoughts.

But in vain ... The sun is not really eternal.

So, we will consider the scientific versions later, but for now, what will happen if the sun goes out according to naive earthlings.

- It will immediately become cold, dark and all living things will die, perhaps within a few seconds, and possibly days.

- On the first day, everything will be familiar, but so the word night has come, on the 9th day the temperature on the whole Earth will become the same minus, on the 20th day water bodies will freeze, in two months the temperature will drop below 60 degrees Celsius, in 6 years the Earth will be in the orbit of Pluto, in 10 years the temperature will be minus 150 degrees.

“For the first few minutes, we won’t even understand that the Sun has gone out, then a state similar to night will come, the Earth will gradually begin to cool down, after which the temperature will reach minus.

“Before it goes out, the Sun will increase and swallow the Earth, but if we imagine that it simply “turns off”, then the Earth will become dark, cold on the outside, but inside it will still be full of red-hot lava.

“Gravity, by which we “fly” around the Sun, will disappear, and we will fly through the window at a speed of more than 1000 km per hour into the distant unknown, and our planet, which has descended from orbit, will collide with some kind of meteorite.

- A small part of people on the whole Earth will survive - a few thousand, they will settle in a bunker, will produce energy using autonomous nuclear power plants, but in 30 years all uranium and plutonium reserves will run out and all people will die.

But most importantly, the versions of why the Sun can lie abruptly go out:

- His life cycle will end, the length of which none of the mortals knows, will end abruptly and unexpectedly,

- The sun will incinerate itself, that is, the thermonuclear reaction on its surface will reach maximum values, after which it will explode, -

- Man, with his detrimental actions in relation to nature, to the atmosphere, will somehow affect the life of the Sun and it will go out before it malfunctions.

What is the result and conclusion can be drawn from the report? According to people, the "death" of the Sun can come unexpectedly, for no reason, all that humanity expects after the exodus of the Sun is death.

And now let's talk from a scientific, a little philosophical and religious point of view.

Where did the Sun come from? God created it:

“1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

2 And the earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God hovered over the waters.

3 And God said, Let there be light. And there was light.

4 And God saw the light that it was good, and God separated the light from the darkness.

5 And God called the light day, and the darkness night. And there was evening and there was morning: one day.

13 And there was evening and there was morning, the third day.

14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven [to lighten the earth, and] to separate the day from the night, and for signs, and times, and days, and years;

15 And let them be lamps in the firmament of heaven, to give light to the earth. And it became so.

16 And God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night, and the stars; ("Being")

Another option:

“The solar system originated from one large cloud of gas and dust. This cloud began to shrink under the influence of gravity, as a result, the main part of the matter contained in it gathered into a central clot, from which the SUN subsequently arose. However, since this cloud was not initially stationary, but rotated slightly, not all of the mass of the cloud turned out to be concentrated in the central bunch.

It is even possible that both of these options are not mutually exclusive.

Why can the Sun go out from a scientific point of view?

In fact, no matter how we drink today the surprise and danger of an explosion on the brightest star, about the reality of its abrupt disappearance - do not believe it! Even according to the most modest calculations, the Sun will live for another 1 to 4.5 billion years. But we don’t know, of course, what awaits us tomorrow, and if we proceed from the fact that the world was created (by God, by chance or otherwise), then we can also come to the conclusion that the world can disappear just as unexpectedly as it appeared, in including the sun. In connection with this hypothetical possibility, a number of scientists predicted what would happen to the planet after the death of the Sun, in particular Einstein, specialists from NASA, Harvard, etc.

We were predicted the end of the world in the form of a “shutdown” of the Sun in 2012, and before that several times, but the planet is alive. We are told about flares on the Sun, about its anomalous activity, about the greenhouse effect, about the harmfulness of the now incandescent shell and radiation. However, according to peaceful forecasts, half of her life is still before the death of a star.

Scientists have found that stars of similar type and mass, like the Sun, live for about 10 billion years, and it lives for half, gradually it consumes its hydrogen fuel, and the temperature will rise, in a billion years it will enter the stage of a red giant, not earlier than in 3 billion years the sun will shine twice as bright, the water will evaporate, all forms of life on earth will be impossible. By the period of 10 billion years from the birth of the Sun, it will enter a period of dying, the process of burning the shell will begin, the Earth will be absorbed by the Sun, or it will be dried up and deprived of an atmosphere.

Here, for example, is a brief description of the "death" of the Sun, according to observations of the death of another star after its transformation into a bego dwarf:

“American researchers from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, as a result of observing the behavior of the star WD 1145 + 017, simultaneously recorded a white dwarf, the remnants of another planet and space debris within the same system, reports Sci-News.

Andrew Vanderburg, astrophysicist, head of the research team: "We caught a white dwarf at the moment when it destroys its planet and scatters the remains on the surface of the star."

The scientist explained that once a star turns into a red giant, it destabilizes the orbits of the planets around it and absorbs them. This moment was captured by the NASA telescope. According to Vanderburgh, the same fate awaits the Earth. According to scientists, the Sun will swallow our planet in about 5-7 billion years..

But the transformation into a white dwarf will not be momentary, as you understand, this is again a long period, multimillion, multibillion is possible, and even becoming a white dwarf, the star will be able to emit light, but heat is unlikely ... Like a car without fuel, by inertia it will roll, but will no longer show strength and former activity. Now the star is 30% brighter than at birth, and it increases the brightness, volume. In a few million years, the temperature of the Earth will rise by 40 degrees, water from the oceans will begin to evaporate, the entire population will have to hide during the day in shelters, bunkers, and only come to the surface at night.

Even if suddenly, for unknown mystical reasons, the Sun suddenly goes out, then, as Einstein established during his research, people will not notice anything special for another 8 minutes, after which either inevitable death will come, or - “Then irreversible consequences will begin, the impossibility of photosynthesis, all plants will die, energy sources will dry out. However, in addition to those who say that after the death of the sun, our planet will face the same fate, there are those who claim that it will be possible to heat homes with volcanic ash and life will be possible, only the warmest weather on Earth will be minus 17 degrees Celsius, they will disappear trees, etc.”

It will be possible to live in bunkers, switch to an autonomous mode of maintenance and support of life, it is quite possible to exist for several decades according to the model of scientists. If during this time a person does not learn how to develop resources from the remaining opportunities, then he is threatened with imminent death, but he is threatened with death in any case, people will not last long on the cold and dark Earth. It will not be lucky for new people to be born at this time, they will literally not see the white light ... The only way to somehow survive is to use uranium and plutonium reserves to create and operate a nuclear power plant.

Another option for the “death” of the Sun is not its death in the literal sense, but the exit of the planet from under the habitable zone of the star. The earth is at an optimal distance from the luminary, if closer - the temperature will rise, moisture will dry out, further - everything will freeze. So today the Earth is actively leaving this zone - according to the conclusions of scientists. When a planet leaves the habitable zone of the Sun, it will lose the resources necessary for life, according to the forecasts of astrophysicists - the Earth began to leave this zone much faster than predicted, and we have only some 1.75 billion years left to live under the light of a star. More precisely, not to us, but to our planet.

According to any, even the most dangerous forecasts, the Sun will live for at least another billion, of course, if nothing supernatural happens, as we mentioned. Therefore, you should not be very afraid that our star will go out.

Based on the available research, it is impossible to establish with accuracy what will happen to the Earth if the Sun goes out and whether the Sun can go out unexpectedly. There are only assumptions described in the article, including those of great scientists. However, it is clear that even if the death of the Sun does not lead to the immediate death of all life on the planet, it will lead to the gradual death of all life. The sun means too much to us, despite the fact that we do not notice it. Life on Earth, even without research, it is clear, will be impossible in a full-fledged format without the brightest star.

But questions still remain, especially after delving into the religious essence of the creation of the Sun. In the article above, I cited quotes from the Bible about the creation of the luminaries, the planet .... The question arises - if light was created before the luminaries, the Moon and the Sun, if man was created before the Moon and the Sun, like water bodies and all living things - maybe life on Earth is then possible without the Sun? And LIGHT OF DAY is possible without the light of a star?

Where did the light come from, if not from the Sun? In general, everything is difficult ...

However, as Christians say, for the mere fact that the Sun has risen above us today, we need to thank the higher powers. After all, it does not belong to us at all, and warms both the evil and the good.

We are used to living under the Sun and take it for granted, and few people think about the fact that much on this Earth is not in our power, including the Sun.

It is also amazing: the Sun, if it lives 4.5 billion years, and people a maximum of 80-100, then it’s funny how famously they make predictions about the life of celestial bodies, planets .... How do they know what will happen tomorrow and in how many billions of years the Sun will die??

And in general: scientists are discussing the topic of the Sun, looking for ways out of the negative radiation, all somehow from an economically, pragmatically advantageous position. But the Sun is such a romance, you can say - one look at it sometimes makes you remember eternity ... It's not for nothing that so many songs are dedicated to it, it's not for nothing that it worries us all.

The brevity of human life creates the illusion that nothing changes on Earth - it seems to us that the planet has always been the way we see it now, with the same landscapes, animals and plants ... But geology and paleontology provide us with indisputable evidence of the constant transformation of the Earth. After all, in fact, our planet has “shuffled” the continents dozens of times and changed the species composition of flora and fauna under the influence of new external conditions.

Earth in 5 million years

Today everyone is talking about global warming caused by human-made greenhouse gases. However, the same human activity also leads to cooling in certain parts of the planet - although in general this can be called a gross imbalance in the climate. But let's go in order...

On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on the Deepwater Horizon oil platform located in the Gulf of Mexico (and, by the way, not the first in the oil industry). Two days later, the platform sank and oil from the underwater well began to flow into the open sea. How much of it flowed out until the British Petroleum engineers plugged the well is not known for certain. According to various sources, more than a trillion liters of crude oil got into the water of the Gulf of Mexico, where the Gulf Stream is formed.

Following the “floated money”, the Americans pumped 500 million liters of corexit and other chemical reagents into the water to bind oil and set it to the bottom. This mixture is constantly expanding in volume, spreading along the ocean floor and having a serious impact on the entire thermoregulation system of the planet by destroying the boundary layers of the warm water flow. Perhaps this will be news to some, but according to the latest satellite data, the Gulf Stream no longer exists.

This "river" of warm water moved across the Atlantic Ocean, warming northern Europe and protecting it from the winds. At present, the circulation system has died in a number of places and is dying in other places. As a result of these processes, unheard-of high temperatures formed in Moscow, droughts and floods occurred in Central Europe, temperatures rose in many Asian countries, and massive floods occurred in China, Pakistan and other Asian countries.

Climate change has already begun. All this means that it will be possible to forget about a stable climate and a calm life: in the future there will be violent mixing of the seasons, an increase in the size of droughts and floods in various places on the Earth. This will lead to frequent crop failures, an unstable economy, epidemics, changes in flora and fauna, as well as mass migration of the population from areas unsuitable for human habitation. The world's population is expected to be cut in half, if not more.

But no matter what natural disasters humanity has to endure, after 5 million years, the Earth will somehow be at the mercy of the next ice age. A grandiose ice shell will cover the entire Northern Hemisphere up to temperate latitudes, and the ice sheet of Antarctica will also grow. The harsh dry climate will transform the landscapes of the planet: most of the land will be occupied by cold deserts and steppes, in which only the most unpretentious animals can survive.

Earth in 50-200 million years

According to the modern theory of continental drift, even 200-300 million years ago, in the Mesozoic, there was a single supercontinent - Pangea. Initially, it split into two parts - northern Laurasia and southern Gondwana. From Laurasia, Eurasia and North America subsequently formed, from Gondwana - South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, the Arabian Peninsula and Hindustan.

Scientists believe that Pangea was already the third or fourth supercontinent in the history of our planet. Its predecessors were Rodinia in the Proterozoic (1 billion years ago) and Nuna in the Paleoproterozoic (1.8-1.5 billion years ago). Most scientists today agree that in the distant future, the Earth will again face the merger of the continents, which will completely change the face of the planet.

Modern continents form Amasia (from the words "America" ​​and "Eurasia") - a single continent in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe modern Arctic, surrounded by a global ocean. Most of the mainland will be occupied by harsh deserts and mountain ranges. Wet coasts will be at the mercy of powerful storms. Antarctica will also move to the equator and shed its ice shell.

Collisions of continental plates will cause increased volcanic activity, which will lead to the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and significant climate warming. There will be almost no ice left on Earth, the oceans will swallow up vast expanses of land. A real feast of life will begin on a warm and humid planet.

What will be in millions of years the new supercontinent, which will combine all the modern parts of the world, geologists from Yale University tried to understand. According to the theory of Professor David Evans, a specialist in the internal structure and history of continents, both Asia and North America can become the center of a new continent. The main thing is that this continent will be exactly on the territory of the modern Arctic Ocean. The continents will be “sewn together” by a new mountain range (the Himalayas, for example, were formed at the confluence of Eurasia and the section of Gondwana - Hindustan).

The results of the calculations were published in the journal Nature. Professor Evans sighs: "Of course, this kind of reasoning cannot be tested by simply waiting 100 million years - but we can use the trajectories of ancient supercontinents to better understand how this eternal tectonic dance of the Earth occurs."

The question is, will people still live on the planet of the future? Fatalists believe that this is impossible - after all, the once-dominant dinosaurs and the supposed highly civilized race of Atlanteans disappeared from the face of the Earth, unable to resist global changes and catastrophes. Such a philosophy is quite convenient, isn't it? After all, it is easier for many to know that “we will all die” and nothing depends on us, so you can burn your life as you please, leaving behind only devastation and garbage. After all, it is precisely such thoughts that a person expresses when he says: after me, even a flood.

But let's face it: a person has every chance both to correct his mistakes and adapt to the most difficult conditions of existence (yes, we are), and to invent high technologies to protect against cataclysms. The main thing is not to lose hope, not to hide behind convenient excuses, to believe in US - after all, only thanks to hope and striving for the best, a person once straightened his shoulders and became who he is.

Human civilization is developing very quickly. Only five thousand years ago, the first nodular writing appeared - and today we have already learned how to exchange terabytes of information at the speed of light. And the pace of progress is growing.

Predicting what human impact on our planet will look like even in a thousand years is almost impossible. However, scientists like to fantasize about what awaits the Earth in the future if our civilization suddenly disappears. Let us, following them, imagine an unusual situation: for example, in the 22nd century all earthlings will fly away to Alpha Centauri - in this case, what awaits our abandoned world?

global extinction

Through its activities, mankind constantly influences the natural cycle of substances. In fact, we have become another element capable of causing a cataclysm of unprecedented proportions. We are changing the biosphere and climate, extracting minerals and producing mountains of garbage. But, despite our power, it will take only a few thousand years for nature to return to its former "wild" state. Skyscrapers will collapse, tunnels will collapse, communications will rust, dense forest will conquer the territory of cities.

Since emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere will stop, nothing can prevent the onset of a new ice age - this will happen in about 25 thousand years. The glacier will begin to advance from the north, holding down Europe, Siberia and part of the North American continent.

It is clear that the last evidence of the existence of civilization will be buried and ground into fine dust under many kilometers of creeping ice. However, the biosphere will suffer the most damage. Having mastered the planet, mankind practically destroyed natural ecological niches, which led to one of the most mass extinctions of animals in history.

The departure of mankind will not stop this process, because the chains of interaction between organisms have already been broken. Extinction will continue for more than 5 million years. Large mammals and many species of birds will completely disappear. The biological diversity of fauna will decrease. An obvious evolutionary advantage will be received by genetically modified plants, which scientists have adapted to the most severe conditions of existence.

Such plants run wild, but being protected from pests, they will quickly capture the vacated niches, giving rise to new species. Moreover, during these millions of years, two dwarf stars will pass close to the Sun, which will inevitably lead to a change in the planetary characteristics of the Earth, a hail of comets will fall on the planet. Such catastrophic phenomena will further accelerate the pestilence among the species of animals and plants known to us. Who will replace them?

Rebirth of Pangea

It has long been established that the earth's continents move, albeit very slowly: at a speed of several centimeters per year. During a human life, this drift is practically imperceptible, but over millions of years it can radically change the geography of the Earth.

In the Paleozoic era, there was a single continent Pangea on the planet, washed by the waves of the World Ocean from all sides (scientists gave the ocean a separate name - Panthalassa). Approximately 200 million years ago, the supercontinent split into two, which, in turn, also continued to break up. Now the planet is waiting for the reverse process - the next reunification of land into a common colossal territory, which scientists have dubbed Neopangea (or Pangea Ultima).

It will look something like this: in 30 million years, Africa will merge into Eurasia; in 60 million years Australia will crash into East Asia; in 150 million years, Antarctica will join the Eurasian-African-Australian supercontinent; in 250 million years both Americas will be added to them - the process of formation of Neopangea will be completed.

Continental drift and collisions will significantly affect the climate. New mountain ranges will appear, changing the movement of air currents. Due to the fact that ice will cover most of the Neopangea, the level of the World Ocean will noticeably decrease. The global temperature of the planet will fall, but the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere will increase. In regions with a tropical climate (and there will always be such, despite the cooling), an explosive multiplication of species will begin.

Insects (cockroaches, scorpions, dragonflies, centipedes) develop best in such an environment, and again, as in the Carboniferous period, they will become the real "kings" of nature. At the same time, the central regions of Neopangea will be an endless scorched desert, since rain clouds simply cannot reach them. The temperature difference between the central and coastal regions of the supercontinent will cause monstrous monsoons and hurricanes.

However, Neopangea will not last long by historical standards - about 50 million years. Due to powerful volcanic activity, colossal cracks will cut through the supercontinent, and parts of Neopangea will separate, setting off into “free floating”. The planet will again enter a period of warming, and the level of oxygen will fall, threatening the biosphere with another mass extinction. Some chance of survival will remain for those creatures that will adapt to life on the border of land and ocean - first of all, amphibians.

New person

In the press and science fiction, one can come across speculative assertions that man continues to evolve, and in a few million years our descendants will be as different from us as we are different from monkeys. In fact, human evolution stopped at the moment when we found ourselves outside natural selection, gaining independence from changes in the external environment and defeating most diseases.

Modern medicine makes it possible to be born and grow up even to such children who would be doomed to death in the womb. In order for a person to start evolving again, he must lose his mind and return to an animal state (before the invention of fire and stone tools), and this is almost impossible due to the high development of our brain. Therefore, if a new person ever appears on Earth, he is unlikely to come from our evolutionary branch.

For example, our descendants can enter into a symbiosis with a closely related species: when a weaker but smarter monkey controls a more massive and formidable creature, literally living on its back. Another exotic option is that a person will move to the ocean, becoming another marine mammal, but due to climate change and a lack of resources, he will return to land in the form of a clumsy "aquabiota" crawling in search of food. Or the development of telepathic abilities will direct the evolution of new people in an unexpected direction: there will be communities of "hive" in which individuals will be specialized, like bees or ants ...

After 250 million years, the galactic year will end, that is, the solar system will make a complete revolution around the center of the Galaxy. By that time, the Earth will be completely transformed, and any of us, if he gets into such a distant future, is unlikely to recognize his native planet in it. The only thing that will remain at that time from our entire civilization is the small footprints on the moon left by American astronauts.

Paleontologists have established that mass extinctions of animals were a periodic phenomenon in the Earth's past. There are five mass extinctions: Ordovician-Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene. The most terrible was the "great" Permian extinction 252 million years ago, which killed 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial animal species. Moreover, it also affected insects, which usually manage to avoid the disastrous consequences of a biospheric catastrophe.

Scientists have not been able to determine the causes of the global pestilence. The most popular hypothesis says that a sharp increase in volcanic activity led to the Permian extinction, which changed not only the climate, but also the chemical composition of the atmosphere.

Anton Pervushin

The end of the world is a popular topic for science fiction films and novels, but there are very real threats to our existence that could become reality.

Humanity could be wiped off the face of the earth by an asteroid impact or a highly infectious pandemic that could wipe out virtually the entire population of the planet. And despite the fact that many of the apocalyptic scenarios sound a bit fantastic, there are very real risks that we should be wary of today.

Apocalypse Now

If humanity still avoids the end of the world in the near future, whether it be an asteroid or a nuclear catastrophe, scientists still argue that people will still disappear in 500 million years, and in 6 billion years all life on planet Earth will disappear, because it is too get very close to the sun. Our star, which is growing and tending to become a red giant, will almost melt the Earth over time.

Well, 500 million years is a long time for a species of mammals, but the assumptions of scientists often agree that the end of the species of reasonable people will come much sooner, through the fault of the reasonable themselves.

Most of all, scientists fear natural disasters caused by very intense global warming. Pandemics such as swine and bird flu and ebola are another threat to humanity. Last but not least, especially in connection with today's political tension, it is worth mentioning the threat of nuclear war.

More distant threats to the prosperity of the human race on the planet include biological weapons, failures in geoengineering and the development of hostile artificial intelligence.

If we take all this into account, the question arises: if the end of the world came right now, what would become of a planet without people? It won't take long for the Earth to "reset," but the process will be brutal.

Here is the timeline and changes that will take place on Earth if humanity disappears.

A few hours later

The planet will become dark. The electric lights will no longer be lit at night as the power plants run out of fuel. Even solar panels will quickly become covered in dust, and windmills will run out of turbine lubricant.

The only stations that will continue to operate are hydroelectric. Many grandiose dams will be able to work for several months and even years.

Two or three days later

Most stations and subway tunnels will be flooded because pumps shutting off water will stop working.

ten days later

Domestic and farm animals will die of starvation and dehydration. Animals on remote farms will be eaten by predators. At the same time, hungry dogs will huddle together and prey on other animals.

A mounth later

The reactor-cooling water in nuclear power plants will evaporate. This will lead to a series of nuclear disasters more devastating than Fukushima and Chernobyl. But in general, the planet will quickly and easily recover from radioactive contamination.

One year later

Satellites in orbit around the Earth will begin to fall, illuminating the sky with a strange glow of "shooting stars".

twenty five years later

Vegetation will almost completely cover the once concrete streets and alleys of megacities. Some cities like Dubai and Las Vegas will be buried in the sand.

Over time, the vegetation growing in the cities will attract herbivores, and predators will follow.

Without humans, endangered animal and plant species such as whales, snow leopards, tigers and others will thrive and multiply. Perhaps there will be new species.

The swamps that once covered large parts of the planet will reappear in the place of cities like London and St. Petersburg. Nature will take over.

Three hundred years later

Metal buildings, bridges and towers will begin to corrode and collapse, falling to the ground and becoming covered with vegetation or sinking under water.

Ten thousand years later

The only proof of the existence of people on earth will be grandiose stone structures such as the Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China and Mount Rushmore.

The earth is in a state of constant change. This list contains ten major events that our planet is predicted to experience over the next billion years.

~10 million years

New satellite observations show that a new ocean is slowly forming on planet Earth, which originated in the fall of 2012 and gradually continues to grow. This ocean, apparently in the future, will divide Africa into 2 continents. It began to form after an earthquake in eastern Africa - an instantaneous crack appeared 8 meters wide and 60 kilometers long. It is estimated that it will take 10 million years for the geological activity in this region to stop, leaving behind only dry pools that will fill with water and form a new ocean.

~100 Ma

Considering a large number of objects that circulate randomly in space, there is a possibility that in the next 100 million years, our planet will collide with such an object. This will be comparable to what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. No doubt some species will survive.
Who knows what kind of life would thrive on such a planet? Maybe one day we will share the Earth with intelligent invertebrates or amphibians.

~250 Ma

Pangea Ultima is a hypothetical supercontinent into which all existing continents are predicted to merge in about 200-300 million years. In the future of planet Earth, to be more precise, in about 50 million years, Africa will migrate north and eventually collide with southern Europe. Australia and Antarctica will also become part of the new supercontinent, moving north until they collide with Asia.

~600 Ma

A gamma-ray burst is a massive cosmic pulse of explosive energy observed in distant parts of the galaxy that is capable of erasing much of the Earth's ozone layer, thereby causing drastic climate change and widespread environmental damage, including mass extinctions. In a few seconds, a gamma-ray burst can release as much energy as our Sun releases over 10 billion years.

~1.5 billion years

The Sun gradually gets hotter and slowly increases in size, which will eventually cause the Earth to be too close to the Sun. In this regard, the oceans will completely dry up, leaving behind only deserts with burning soil. But fortunately, Mars at this moment can serve as a temporary home for all the remaining people.

~2.5 billion years

Scientists believe, based on today's ideas about the Earth's core, that the Earth's outer core will no longer be liquid - it will solidify. The Earth's magnetic field will slowly disappear until it ceases to exist altogether. In the absence of a magnetic field that protects the planet from destructive solar radiation, the earth's atmosphere will gradually lose its light compound - such as ozone.

~3.5 billion years

There is a small chance that in the future Mercury's orbit will stretch out and cut off the path of Venus. Although we can't imagine exactly what will happen when it does. At best, Mercury will simply be swallowed up by the Sun or destroyed in a collision with Venus. At worst? Earth could collide with any other large non-gaseous planet - orbits that would be drastically destabilized by Mercury.

~4 billion years

There is a possibility that new stars will appear in our night sky - the Andromeda galaxy. It will probably be a truly wonderful sight. But over time, these new stars will begin to terribly distort the Milky Way, merging together, they will create a chaotic picture of the night sky familiar to us. In any case, our night sky will at least temporarily be adorned with trillions of newest stars.

~5 billion years

The additional force acting on the Moon - the stars, will be enough for the Moon to slowly fall to the Earth. When the Moon reaches the Roche limit, it will begin to disintegrate. After that, it is possible that debris from the Moon will form a ring around the Earth, which will fall on our planet for many millions of years.

The likelihood that the Earth will collapse within the next ten billion years is high. Either it will become a rogue planet, or it will be swallowed up by the "embrace" of the dying Sun, or ... Let's just hope that the Earth does not overtake a sad fate.