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What is a socket?

You constantly hear talk about some kind of "sockets" and, probably, you are wondering what it is. In general, sockets are originally a way for programs to communicate with each other using Unix file descriptors.

Ok -- you may have heard some Unix hacker saying something like "Jesus, everything in Unix is ​​files!" This person may have meant that Unix programs read or write to a file descriptor for absolutely any I/O. A file descriptor is a simple integer associated by the operating system with an open file. But (and therein lies the trap) a file can be a network connection, a FIFO, a pipe, a terminal, a real file on disk, or just anything else. Everything in UNIX is a file! So, just trust that if you are going to communicate with another program over the Internet, you will have to do it through a file descriptor.

"Hey smart guy, where do I get this file descriptor for networking?" I will answer.
You are making a socket() system call. It returns a socket descriptor and you communicate through it using the send() and recv() system calls (man send, man recv).

"But, hey!" could you exclaim. "If it's a file handle, why can't I use the simple read() and write() functions to communicate through it?". The answer is simple: "You can!". Slightly extended answer: "You can, but send() and recv() offer much more control over the transmission of your data."

What's next? How about this: there are different kinds of sockets. There are DARPA Internet addresses (Internet sockets), CCITT X.25 addresses (X.25 sockets you don't need), and probably many more depending on your OS. This document only describes the first, Internet Sockets.

Two types of internet sockets

What? Are there two types of internet sockets? Yes. Okay, no, I'm lying. There are more, but I don't want to scare you. There are also raw sockets, very powerful stuff, you should take a look at them.

OK. What are the two types? One of them is "stream socket", the second one is "datagram socket", henceforth they will be called "SOCK_STREAM" and "SOCK_DGRAM" respectively. Datagram sockets are sometimes called "connectionless sockets" (although they can connect() if you really want to. See connect() below.)

Stream sockets provide reliability with their two-way communication system. If you send two elements to the socket in the order "1, 2", they will also be sent to the "interlocutor" in the same order - "1, 2". In addition, error protection is provided.

What uses stream sockets? Well, you must have heard of the Telnet program, right? Telnet uses a stream socket. All the characters you print must arrive at the other end in the same order, right? In addition, browsers use the HTTP protocol, which in turn uses stream sockets to receive pages. If you telnet to any site, on port 80 and type something like "GET / HTTP/1.0" and hit enter twice, you'll get a bunch of HTML ;)

How do stream sockets achieve a high level of data transfer quality? They use a protocol called "The Transmission Control Protocol", aka "TCP". TCP ensures that your data is transmitted consistently and without errors. You may have heard of TCP before as half of "TCP/IP", where IP stands for "Internet Protocol". IP deals primarily with Internet routing and is not in itself responsible for data integrity.

Cool. What about datagram sockets? Why are they called unconnected? What's the matter here? Why are they unreliable?
Well, here are some facts: if you send a datagram, it can get through. Or maybe not get there. But if it comes, then the data inside the package will be without errors.

Datagram sockets also use IP for routing, but do not use TCP; they use the "User Datagram Protocol", or "UDP".

Why doesn't UDP establish connections? Because you don't need to keep an open stream socket connection. You simply construct a packet, form an IP header with information about the recipient, and send the packet out. There is no need to establish a connection. UDP is typically used either where a TCP stack is not available, or where one or two missed packets does not result in the end of the world. Application examples: TFTP (trivial file transfer protocol, little brother of FTP), dhcpcd (DHCP client), network gaming, audio streaming, video conferencing, etc.

"Wait a minute! TFTP and DHCPcd are used to transfer binary data from one host to another! Data cannot be lost if you want to work with it normally! What kind of dark magic is this?"

Well my human friend, TFTP and similar programs usually build their own protocol on top of UDP. For example, the TFTP protocol states that for each received packet, the receiver must send back a packet saying "I got it!" ("ACK" packet). If the sender of the original packet does not receive a response within, say, 5 seconds, it will resend the packet until it finally receives an ACK. Such procedures are very important for the implementation of reliable applications using SOCK_DGRAM.

For applications that don't require this kind of reliability - games, audio or video - you simply ignore lost packets or perhaps try to compensate for them somehow. (Quake players usually refer to this phenomenon as "damned lag", and "damned" is an extremely mild term.)

Why would you need to use an unreliable underlying protocol? For two reasons: speed and speed. This method is much faster, fire-and-forget, than constantly monitoring whether everything has arrived safely to the recipient. If you're sending a chat message, TCP is great, but if you're sending 40 character position updates per second, it might not matter if one or two of them get lost, and UDP is a good choice.

Network theory and low levels

Since I just mentioned protocol layers, it's time to talk about how the network actually works and show examples of how SOCK_DGRAM packets are built. In fact, you can skip this section, but it is a good theoretical help.

Hey kids, it's time to talk about data encapsulation! This is a very, very important thing. This is so important that you should learn it by heart.
Basically the gist is this: the package was born; the packet is wrapped ("encapsulated") in the header by the first protocol (say TFTP protocol), then the whole thing (including the TFTP header) is encapsulated again by the next protocol (say UDP), then again by the next one (say IP), and finally the final one, physical protocol (say, Ethernet).

When the other computer receives the packet, the hardware (network card) strips the Ethernet header (unpacks the packet), the OS kernel strips the IP and UDP headers, the TFTP program strips the TFTP header, and finally we get the bare data.

Now we can finally talk about the infamous OSI model - the layered network model. This model describes a network functionality system that has many advantages over other models. For example, you can write in your program as sockets that send data without caring how the data is physically transferred (serial port, ethernet, modem, etc.), as programs at lower levels (OS, drivers) do all the work for you, and present it transparently to the programmer.

Actually, here are all the levels of the full-scale model:

• Applied


• Executive


• session


• Transport


• network


• ducted


• Hardware (physical)

The physical layer is the hardware; com port, network card, modem, etc. The applied layer is the furthest away from the physical layer. This is where the user interacts with the network.

For us, this model is too general and extensive. The network model we can use might look like this:

• Application layer (Telnet, FTP, etc.)


• Host-to-host transport protocol (TCP, UDP)


• Internet layer (IP and routing)


• Network access level (Ethernet, Wi-Fi or whatever)

Now you can clearly see how these layers correspond to the encapsulation of the original data.

See how much work it takes to create one simple package? Wow! And you have to type all these packet headers in notepad yourself! Kidding. All you have to do with stream sockets is send() the data out. The OS kernel will build the TCP and IP headers, and the hardware will take over the network access layer. Ah, I love modern technology.

This concludes our brief excursion into network theory. Oh yes, I forgot to tell you: all I wanted to tell you about routing: nothing! Yes, I won't say anything about it. The OS and IP protocol take care of the routing table for you. If you are really interested, read the documentation on the Internet, its sea.

Socket (colloquial - socket) of the central processor is a connector located on the computer motherboard to which the central one is connected. The processor, before it is installed in the motherboard, must match its socket. It is very easy to figure out what a processor socket is, if you remember that the latter is a microcircuit, only of a relatively large size. The socket is located on the motherboard, outwardly it looks like a low rectangular structure with many holes, the number of which corresponds to the legs of the processor. A mechanical latch of a special design is used to securely fix the inserted microcircuit in the socket. Note that Intel, unlike AMD, has recently been using a different principle for connecting the processor and the board.

Sometimes the forums ask the question of which socket to choose. In fact, you should first select a processor, and already under it - a board with the appropriate socket. However, one important point must be taken into account. Intel is "famous" for the fact that often each new generation of processors involves the use of a new socket. This can lead to the fact that a recently purchased computer based on the processor of this company will be difficult to upgrade in a few years due to the incompatibility of the installed microprocessor and the new ones offered on the market. AMD has a more loyal attitude towards customers: changing sockets is slower, and backward compatibility is usually maintained. Although, times are changing.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
PIN DIP	8086/8088, 65С02	40	1970
CLCC	Intel 80186, 80286, 80386	68	1980
PLCC	Intel 80186, 80286, 80386	68	1980
Socket 80386	Intel 386	132	1980
Socket 486 / Socket 0	Intel 486	168	1980
Motorola 68030	Motorola 68030, 68LC030	128	1987
Socket 1	Intel 486	169	1989

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket 2	Intel 486	238	1989
Motorola 68040	68040	179	1990
Socket 3	Intel 486, 5x86	237	1991
Socket 4	Pentium	273	1993

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket 5	Intel 486	238	1994
Socket 463 NexGen	Nx586	463	1994
Motorola 68060	68060, 68l0C60	206	1994
Socket 7	Pentium, AMD K5, K6	321	1995(Intel), 1998(AMD)

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket 499	DEC EV5 21164	499	1995
Socket 8	Pentium / Pentium 2	387	1955
Socket 587	DEC EV5 21164A	587	1996
Mini Cartridge	Pentium 2	240	1997
MMC-1 Mobile Module Connector	Pentium 2, Celeron	280	1997
Apple G3/G4/G5	G3/G4/G5	300	1997
MMC-2 Mobile Module Connector	Pentium 2.3, Celeron	400	1998

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
G3 / G4 ZIF	Power PC G3 G4	288	1996
Socket 370	Pentium 3, Celeron, Cyrix, Via C3	370	1999
Socket A / Socket 462	AMD Athlon, Duron, MP, Sempron	462	2000
Socket 423	Pentium 4	423	2000

• Socket 370 - the most common socket for Intel processors. It is with him that the era of Intel processors separation into inexpensive Celeron solutions with a cropped cache and Pentium - more expensive full versions of the company's product begins. The connector was installed on motherboards with a system bus from 60 to 133 MHz. The socket is made in the form of a square plastic movable box; when installing a processor with 370 pins, a special plastic lever pressed the processor legs to the connector pins. Supported processors Intel Celeron Coppermine, Intel Celeron Tualatin, Intel Celeron Mendocino, Intel Pentium Tualatin, Intel Pentium Coppermine. The speed characteristics of the installed processors are from 300 to 1400 MHz. Supported third-party processors. Produced since 1999.
• Socket 423 - the first socket for Pentium 4 processors. It had a 423-pin grid of legs, it was used on personal computer motherboards. It lasted less than a year, due to the impossibility of the processor to further increase in frequency, the processor could not pass the frequency of 2 GHz. Replaced by Socket 478. Launched in 2000.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket 478 / Socket N / Socket P	Intel 486	238	1994
Socket 495/MicroPGA2	Mobile Celeron / Pentium 3	495	2000
P.A.C. 418	Intel Itanium	418	2001
socket 603	Intel Xeon	603	2001
PAC 611 / Socket 700 / mPGA 700	Intel Itanium 2, HP8800, 8900	611	2002

• Socket 478 - released after the competitor's (AMD) Socket A, as previous processors could not raise the bar to 2 GHz, and AMD took the lead in the processor manufacturing market. The connector supports Intel solutions - Intel Pentium 4, Intel Celeron, Celeron D, Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition. Speed ​​characteristics from 1400 MHz to 3.4 GHz. Produced since 2000.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket 604/S1	Intel 486	238	2002
socket 754	Athlon 64, Sempron, Turion 64	754	2003
Socket 940	Opteron 2, Athon 64FX	940	2003
Socket 479/mPGA479M	Pentium M, Celeron M, Via C7-M	479	2003
Socket 478v2 / mPGA478C	Pentium4, Pentium Mobile, Celeron, Core	478	2003

• socket 754 was developed specifically for the Athlon 64 model processor. The release of new processor sockets was associated with the need to replace the Athlon XP processor line, which was based on Socket A. The first AMD K8 platform processors were installed in Socket 754 processor sockets measuring 4 by 4 centimeters. This need was dictated by the fact that Athlon 64 processors had a new bus and integrated memory controllers. The voltage output by this socket was 1.5 volts. Of course, 754 became an intermediate stage in the development of Athlon 64. The high cost and initial scarcity of these processors did not make this platform very popular. And by the time when the availability and cost of components had just returned to normal, AMD presented a new socket - Socket 939. By the way, it was he who helped make Athlon 64 a popular and really affordable processor.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket 939	Intel 486	939	2004
LGA 775/Socket T	Pentium4, Celeron D, Core 2, Xeon	775	2004
Socket 563 / Socket A / Compact	Mobile Athon XP-M	563	2004
Socket M / mPGA478MT	Celeron, Core, Core 2	478	2006
LGA771/Socket J	xeon	771	2006

• socket 775 or Socket T - the first socket for Intel processors without sockets, made in a square form factor with protruding contacts. The processor was installed on the protruding contacts, the pressure plate was lowered, and with the help of a lever it was pressed against the contacts. It is still used in many personal computers. Designed to work with almost all fourth-generation Intel processors - Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, Celeron D, Pentium Dual-Core, Pentium D, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo and Xeon series processors. Produced since 2004. The speed characteristics of the installed processors are from 1400 MHz to 3800 MHz.

Socket A. This socket is known as Socket 462 and is a socket for Athlon Thunderbird models up to Athlon XP/MP 3200+ models, as well as AMD processors such as Sempron and Duron. The design is made in the form of a ZIF socket with 453 working contacts (9 contacts are blocked, but despite this, the number 462 is used in the name). The system bus for Sempron, XP Athlon has a frequency of 133 MHz, 166 MHz and 200 MHz. The mass of coolers for Socket A, recommended by AMD, should not exceed 300 grams. The use of heavier coolers (coolers) can lead to mechanical damage and even lead to failure of the processor power system. Supported processors with a frequency of 600 MHz (for example, Duron) and up to 2300 MHz (meaning the Athlon XP 3400+, which was never released).

• Socket 939 , which contains 939 contacts of extremely small diameter, due to which they are quite soft. This is a "simplified" version of the previous Socket 940, commonly used in high performance computers and servers. The absence of one hole in the socket made it impossible to install more expensive processors into it. This connector was considered very successful for its time, as it combined good features, the presence of dual-channel memory access and the low cost of both the socket itself and the controller in computer motherboards. These connectors were used for computers with conventional DDR memory. Immediately after the transition to DDR2 memory, they became obsolete and gave way to AM2 connectors. The next step is the invention of the new DDR3 memory and the new AM2+ and AM3 sockets for the following AMD quad-core processors.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket S1	Athon Mobile, Sempron, Turion 64/X2	638	2006
socket AM2 / AM2+	Athon 64/FX/FX2, Sempron, Phenom	940	2007
Socket F / Socket L / Socket 1207FX	Athon 64FX, Opteron	1207	2006
Socket / LGA 1366	, Xeon	1366	2008
rPGA988A / Socket Q1	Core i3/i5/i7, Pentium, Celeron	988	2009

Socket LGA 1366 – Completed in 1366 contact form, produced since 2008. Supports Intel processors - Core i7 9xx series, Xeon 35xx to 56xx series, Celeron P1053. With speed characteristics from 1600 MHz to 3500 MHz. Core i7 and Xeon (35xx, 36xx, 55xx, 56xx series) with integrated 3-channel memory controller and QuickPath connection. Socket T and Socket J replacement (2008)

• SocketAM2 (Socket M2) developed by AMD for some types of desktop processors (Athlon-LE, Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2, Sempron-LE and Sempron, Phenom X4 and Phenom X3, Opteron). It replaced Socket 939 and 754. Despite the fact that Socket M2 has 940 pins, this socket is not compatible with Socket 940, since the older version of Socket 940 cannot support dual-channel DDR2 memory. The first processors supporting Socket AM2 were single-core Orleans (or 64th Athlon) and Manila (Sempron), some dual-core Windsor (for example, Athlon 64, X2 FX) and Brisbane (AthlonX2 and Athlon 64X2). In addition, Socket AM2 includes Socket F for servers and a Socket S1 variant for various mobile computers. Socket AM2+ i is absolutely identical in appearance to the previous one, the difference lies only in the support of processors with Agena and Toliman cores.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
SocketAM3	AMD Phenom, athlon, Sempron	941	2009
Socket G/989/rPGA	G1/G2	989	2009
Socket H1 / LGA1156/a/b/n	Core i3/i5/i7, Pentium, Celeron, Xeon	1156	2009
Socket G34/LGA 1944	Opteron 6000 series	1944	2010
Socket C32	Opteron 4000 series	1207	2010

• Socket LGA 1156 – Made with 1156 protruding contacts. Produced since 2009. Designed for modern Intel processors for personal computers. Speed ​​characteristics from 2.1 GHz and above.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
LGA 1248	Intel Itanium 9300/9600	1248	2010
Socket LS / LGA 1567	Intel Xeon 6500/7500	1567	2010
Socket H2 / LGA 1155	Intel Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge	1155	2011
LGA 2011/Socket R	Intel Core i7 Xeon	2011	2011
Socket G2 / rPGA988B	Intel Core i3/i5/i7	988	2011

• Socket LGA 1155 or Socket H2 - designed to replace the LGA 1156 socket. Supports the most modern Sandy Bridge processor and the future Ivy Bridge. The connector is made in 1155 pin version. Produced since 2011. Speed ​​characteristics up to 20 GB / s.
• Socket R (LGA2011) - Core i7 and Xeon with an integrated quad-channel memory controller and two QuickPath connections. Socket B Replacement (LGA1366)

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
Socket FM1	AMD Liano/Athlon3	905	2011
SocketAM3	AMD Phenom / Athlon / Semron	941	2011
socket AM3+	Amd Phenom 2 Athlon 2 / Opteron 3000	942	2011
Socket G2 / rPGA989B	Intel Core i3/i5/i7, Celeron	989	2011
Socket FS1	AMD Liano / Trinity / Richard	722	2011

• Socket FM1 is AMD's platform for Llano processors and looks like a tempting proposition for those who love integrated systems.

Socket AM3 is a desktop processor socket that is a further development of the Socket AM2+ model. This connector has support for DDR3 memory, as well as faster HyperTransport bus speeds. The first processors to use this socket were Phenom II X3 710-20 and Phenom II X4 models 805, 910 and 810.

Socket AM3+ (Socket 942) is a modification of Socket AM3 designed for processors codenamed "Zambezi" (microarchitecture - Bulldozer). Some motherboards with socket AM3 will be able to update BIOS and use processors with socket AM3+. But when using AM3+ processors on motherboards with AM3, it may not be possible to get data from the temperature sensor on the processor. Also, the power saving mode may not work due to the lack of support for fast core voltage switching in Socket AM3. Socket AM3+ on motherboards is black while AM3 is white. The diameter of pin holes in processors with Socket AM3 + exceeds the diameter of pin holes in processors with Socket AM3 - 0.51 mm against the previous 0.45 mm.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
LGA 1356/Socket B2	Intel Sandy Bridge	1356	2012
Socket FM2	AMD Trinity / athlon X2 / X4	904	2012
Socket H3 / LGA 1150	Intel Haswell/Broadwell	1150	2013
Socket G3 / rPGA 946B / 947	Intel Haswell/Broadwell	947	2013
Socket FM2 / FM2b	AMD Kaveri / Godvari	906	2014

• Socket H3 or LGA 1150 is a processor socket for Intel microarchitecture Haswell processors (and its successor Broadwell), released in 2013. LGA 1150 is designed as a replacement for LGA 1155 (Socket H2). Made using LGA (Land Grid Array) technology. It is a connector with spring-loaded or soft contacts, to which the processor is pressed using a special holder with a grip and a lever. The LGA 1150 socket has been officially confirmed to be used with the Intel Q85, Q87, H87, Z87, B85 chipsets. Mounting holes for cooling systems on sockets 1150/1155/1156 are completely identical, which means full comprehensive compatibility and identical order of mounting cooling systems for these sockets.
• Socket B2 (LGA1356) - Core i7 and Xeon with integrated tri-channel memory controller and QuickPath connections. Socket B Replacement (LGA1366)
• FM2 connector - Processor socket for AMD APUs with Piledriver core architecture: Trinity and Komodo, as well as canceled Sepang and Terramar (MCM - multi-chip module). Structurally, it is a ZIF - connector with 904 pins, which is designed for installing processors in PGA-type cases. The FM2 connector was introduced in 2012, just one year after the FM1 connector. Although the FM2 socket is an evolution of the FM1 socket, it is not backwards compatible with it. Trinity processors have up to 4 cores, Komodo and Sepang server chips up to 10, and Terramar up to 20 cores.

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
LGA 2011-3 / LGA 2011 v3	Intel Haswell, haswell-EP	2011	2014
socket AM1/FS1b	AMD Athlon / Semron	721	2014
LGA 2011-3	Intel Haswell/Xeon/haswell-EP/ivy Bridge EX	2083	2014
LGA 1151/Socket H4	Intel Skylake	1151	2015

• Socket LGA 1151 - An Intel processor socket that supports Skylake architecture processors. The LGA 1151 is designed as a replacement for the LGA 1150 socket (also known as Socket H3). The LGA 1151 has 1151 spring-loaded pins to make contact with the CPU pads. According to rumors and leaked Intel promotional documentation, motherboards with this connector will support DDR4 memory type. All Skylake architecture chipsets support Intel Rapid Storage Technology, Intel Clear Video Technology, and Intel Wireless Display Technology (if supported by the processor). Most motherboards support various video outputs (VGA, DVI or - depending on the model).

Type	purpose	Number of contacts	Year of issue
LGA 2066 Socket R4	Intel Skylake-X/Kabylake-X i3/i5/i7	2066	2017
Socket TR4	AMD Ryzen Threadripper	4094	2017
SocketAM4	AMD Ryzen 3/5/7	1331	2017

• LGA 2066 (Socket R4) is an Intel processor socket that supports Skylake-X and Kaby Lake-X architecture processors without an integrated graphics core. Designed as a replacement for the LGA 2011/2011-3 socket (Socket R/R3) for high-end desktop PCs based on the Basin Falls platform (X299 chipset), while the LGA 3647 (Socket P) will replace the LGA 2011-1/2011- 3 (Socket R2/R3) in Skylake-EX (Xeon "Purley") based server platforms.
• AM4 (PGA or µOPGA1331) is a socket developed by AMD for microprocessors with Zen microarchitecture (Ryzen brand) and later. The connector is of the PGA (pin grid array) type and has 1331 pins. It will be the company's first socket to support the DDR4 memory standard and will be a single socket for both high-performance processors without an integrated video core (currently using Socket AM3 +) and low-cost processors and APUs (previously used various sockets of the AM / FM series).
• Socket TR4 (Socket Ryzen Threadripper 4, also Socket SP3r2) is a socket type from AMD for the Ryzen Threadripper family of microprocessors, introduced on August 10, 2017. Physically very close to the AMD Socket SP3 server socket, however, it is incompatible with it. Socket TR4 became the first LGA-type connector for consumer products (previously LGA was used in the server segment, and processors for home computers were produced in an FC-PGA package). It uses a complex multi-stage process of mounting a processor into a socket using special retaining frames: an internal one, fixed with latches to the cover of the microcircuit case, and an external one, fixed with screws to the socket. Journalists note the very large physical size of the connector and socket, calling it the largest format for consumer processors. Because of its size, it requires specialized cooling systems that can draw up to 180 watts. The socket supports HEDT (High-End Desktop) segment processors with 8-16 cores and provides the ability to connect RAM via 4 DDR4 SDRAM channels. The socket runs 64 Gen 3 PCIexpress lanes (4 are used for the chipset), multiple 3.1 and SATA lanes

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To connect the computer processor to the motherboard, special sockets are used - sockets. With each new version, processors got more and more features and functions, so usually each generation used a new socket. This nullified compatibility, but it allowed to implement the necessary functionality.

Over the past few years, the situation has changed a bit, and a list of Intel sockets has been formed that are actively used and supported by new processors. In this article, we have compiled the most popular 2017 Intel processor sockets that are still supported.

Before moving on to the consideration of processor sockets, let's try to understand what they are. A socket is a physical interface that connects the processor to the motherboard. The LGA socket is made up of a series of pins that align with the plates on the underside of the processor.

Newer processors usually need a different set of pins, which means there is a new socket. However, in some cases, processors remain compatible with previous . The socket is located on the motherboard and cannot be upgraded without a complete board replacement. This means that updating the processor may require a complete rebuild of the computer. Therefore, it is important to know which socket is used on your system and what you can do with it.

1. LGA 1151

LGA 1151 is the latest Intel socket. It was released in 2015 for the Intel Skylake processor generation. These processors used the 14 nanometer process technology. Since the new Kaby Lake processors have not been changed much, this socket is still relevant. The socket is supported by the following motherboards: H110, B150, Q150, Q170, H170 and Z170. The release of Kaby Lake also brought such boards: B250, Q250, H270, Q270, Z270.

Compared to the previous version of the LGA 1150, USB 3.0 support has appeared here, the work of DDR4 and DIMM memory modules has been optimized, and support for SATA 3.0 has been added. DDR3 compatibility has also been retained. From video, DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort are supported by default, while VGA support can be added by manufacturers.

LGA 1151 chips only support GPU overclocking. If you're looking to overclock your CPU or memory, you'll have to go with a higher-end chipset. In addition, support for Intel Active Management, Trusted Execution, VT-D and Vpro has been added.

In tests, Skylake processors perform better than Sandy Bridge, and the new Kaby Lake processors are a few percent faster.

Here are the processors currently running on this socket:

skylake:

• Pentium - G4400, G4500, G4520;
• Core i3 - 6100, 6100T, 6300, 6300T, 6320;
• Core i5 - 6400, 6500, 6600, 6600K;
• Core i7 - 6700, 6700K.

Kaby Lake

• Core i7 7700K, 7700, 7700T
• Core i5 7600K, 7600, 7600T, 7500, 7500T, 7400, 7400T;
• Core i3 7350K, 7320, 7300, 7300T, 7100, 7100T, 7101E, 7101TE;
• Pentium: G4620, G4600, G4600T, G4560, G4560T;
• Celeron G3950, G3930, G3930T.

2. LGA 1150

The LGA 1150 socket was developed for the previous fourth generation of Intel Haswell processors in 2013. It is also supported by some chips from the fifth generation. This socket works with the following motherboards: H81, B85, Q85, Q87, H87 and Z87. The first three processors can be considered entry-level devices: they do not support any advanced Intel features.

The last two boards add support for SATA Express as well as Thunderbolt technology. Compatible processors:

Broadwell:

• Core i5 - 5675C;
• Core i7 - 5775C;

Haswell Refresh

• Celeron - G1840, G1840T, G1850;
• Pentium - G3240, G3240T, G3250, G3250T, G3258, G3260, G3260T, G3440, G3440T, G3450, G3450T, G3460, G3460T, G3470;
• Core i3 - 4150, 4150T, 4160, 4160T, 4170, 4170T, 4350, 4350T, 4360, 4360T, 4370, 4370T;
• Core i5 - 4460, 4460S, 4460T, 4590, 4590S, 4590T, 4690, 4690K, 4690S, 4690T;
• Core i7 - 4785T, 4790, 4790K, 4790S, 4790T;

• Celeron - G1820, G1820T, G1830;
• Pentium - G3220, G3220T, G3420, G3420T, G3430;
• Core i3 - 4130, 4130T, 4330, 4330T, 4340;
• Core i5 - 4430, 4430S, 4440, 4440S, 4570, 4570, 4570R, 4570S, 4570T, 4670, 4670K, 4670R, 4670S, 4670T;
• Core i7 - 4765T, 4770, 4770K, 4770S, 4770R, 4770T, 4771;

3. LGA 1155

This is the oldest supported socket on the list for Intel processors. It was released in 2011 for the second generation of Intel Core. Most processors of the Sandy Bridge architecture work on it.

The LGA 1155 socket has been used for two generations of processors in a row, it is also compatible with Ivy Bridge chips. This means that it was possible to upgrade without changing the motherboard, just like now with Kaby Lake.

This socket is supported by twelve motherboards. The older line includes B65, H61, Q67, H67, P67 and Z68. All of them were released along with the release of Sandy Bridge. The launch of Ivy Bridge brought B75, Q75, Q77, H77, Z75 and Z77. All boards share the same socket, but some features are disabled on budget devices.

Supported processors:

Ivy Bridge

• Celeron - G1610, G1610T, G1620, G1620T, G1630;
• Pentium - G2010, G2020, G2020T, G2030, G2030T, G2100T, G2120, G2120T, G2130, G2140;
• Core i3 - 3210, 3220, 3220T, 3225, 3240, 3240T, 3245, 3250, 3250T;
• Core i5 - 3330, 3330S, 3335S, 3340, 3340S, 3450, 3450S, 3470, 3470S, 3470T, 3475S, 3550, 3550P, 3550S, 3570, 3570K, 3570S, 3570T;
• Core i7 - 3770, 3770K, 3770S, 3770T;

Sandy Bridge

• Celeron - G440, G460, G465, G470, G530, G530T, G540, G540T, G550, G550T, G555;
• Pentium - G620, G620T, G622, G630, G630T, G632, G640, G640T, G645, G645T, G840, G850, G860, G860T, G870;
• Core i3 - 2100, 2100T, 2102, 2105, 2120, 2120T, 2125, 2130;
• Core i5 - 2300, 2310, 2320, 2380P, 2390T, 2400, 2400S, 2405S, 2450P, 2500, 2500K, 2500S, 2500T, 2550K;
• Core i7 - 2600, 2600K, 2600S, 2700K.

4LGA 2011

The LGA 2011 socket was released in 2011 after the LGA 1155 as a socket for the high-end Sandy Bridge-E/EP and Ivy Bridge E/EP processors. The socket is designed for six-core processors and for all Xenon processors. For home users, the X79 motherboard will be relevant. All other boards are designed for corporate users and Xenon processors.

In tests, the Sandy Bridge-E and Ivy Bridge-E processors show pretty good results: performance is 10-15% higher.

Supported processors:

• Haswell-E Core i7 - 5820K, 5930K, 5960X;
• Ivy Bridge-E Core i7 - 4820K, 4930K, 4960X;
• Sandy Bridge-E Core i7 - 3820, 3930K, 3960X, 3970X.

These were all modern intel processor sockets.

5. LGA 775

It was used to install Intel Pentium 4, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad and many others, up to the release of LGA 1366. These systems are outdated and use the old DDR2 memory standard.

6. LGA 1156

The LGA 1156 socket was released for a new line of processors in 2008. It was supported by the following motherboards: H55, P55, H57 and Q57. New processor models for this socket have not been released for a long time.

Supported processors:

Westmere (Clarkdale)

• Celeron-G1101;
• Pentium - G6950, G6951, G6960;
• Core i3 - 530, 540, 550, 560;
• Core i5 - 650, 655K, 660, 661, 670, 680.

Nehalem (Lynnfield)

• Core i5 - 750, 750S, 760;
• Core i7 - 860, 860S, 870, 870K, 870S, 875K, 880.

7LGA 1366

LGA 1366 is a version of 1566 for high end processors. Supported by X58 motherboard. Supported processors:

Westmere (Gulftown)

• Core i7 - 970, 980;
• Core i7 Extreme - 980X, 990X.

Nehalem (Bloomfield)

• Core i7 - 920, 930, 940, 950, 960;
• Core i7 Extreme - 965, 975.

findings

In this article, we looked at the generations of Intel sockets that were used before and are actively used in modern processors. Some of them are compatible with new models, while others are completely forgotten, but are still found in users' computers.

Latest Intel socket 1151, supported by Skylake and KabyLake processors. It can be assumed that CoffeLake processors, which will be released this summer, will also use this socket. There used to be other types of Intel sockets, but they are very rare now.

Processor socket- socket, the place on the computer where the processor is inserted. The processor, before it is installed in the motherboard, must match its socket. It's like a socket and a contact plug - needless to say, a euro plug will not work with a simple Soviet socket.

Usually in computer stores, next to each processor, you can see a plate that lists its main characteristics. So the processor socket is almost the most important characteristic, and it is on it that you first of all need to pay attention when buying a new processor. Because it may happen that the processor does not fit the computer motherboard precisely because of the socket.

Just imagine - you came to a computer store, chose a processor there, paid money for it and came home satisfied, start installing it - but it DOES NOT SUIT! You drop everything, run back to the store, hoping to return this processor back and thereby correct the situation, you resort, and they tell you - "this is not a warranty case, you should have looked more carefully when you bought it." Well, okay, it was a small lyrical digression. And now let's talk specifically about these same sockets.

The whole variety of sockets can be divided into two large groups:

1. Intel processor sockets.
2. AMD processor sockets.

Below are photos of sockets from both processor companies.

In this photo, you can see that the "legs" of the contacts stick out of the socket on the motherboard.

And in this photo, on the contrary, you can see the recesses for these contacts, and they themselves are located directly on the processor.

Let's see what is so cardinal sockets differ from each other physically:

• Number of contacts
• The type of these same contacts
• Mounting distance for CPU coolers
• Actually the size of the socket itself

Number of contacts - there can be 400, 500, 1000 and even more. How to find out? The socket marking already contains all the information. For example, the Intel Pentium 4 processor has an LGA 775 socket. So 775 is just the number of contacts, and LGA means that the processor does not have contact legs (pins), they are in the motherboard socket.

The type of contacts - everything is clear here, either "pins" or contacts without pins. There is no other way, as they say.

Now about the distances between the mounts for CPU coolers. The fact is that these distances are different for each socket, and special attention should also be paid to this. Although there are ways from the "do it yourself" category, when a cooler from one socket is attached to another socket with the help of skillful hands and something else ..

These were all physical differences, now let's talk about how sockets differ so much from each other in terms of technology. BUT sockets are technologically different from each other:

• Availability of various additional controllers
• The presence or absence of support for graphics integrated into the processor (graphic core of the processor)
• Higher performance settings

What else is affected by the socket (socket) of the processor?

In addition to what has already been written here, processor socket also affects the size of the processor itself. Generally speaking, if I try to put it very briefly - the processor socket affects which processor will be installed in it. Everything else (for example, what will be written here further in the text) depends on the processor, but we all know that the processor and the socket are two inseparable concepts. Therefore, all those parameters that depend on the processor (or are affected by the processor) also depend on the socket of this processor.

Perhaps, I will give a few more points that the processor (or its socket) can influence, in other words, the processor or its socket affects:

• Type of RAM supported
• FSB bus frequency
• Indirectly (for the most part - the chipset) on the version of the PCI-e slot
• Per version (also indirectly)

What is a socket for?

The fact is that manufacturers of modern motherboards purposefully left us the opportunity to change various devices, including the processor. This is where such a concept as a socket appears, because from the point of view of manufacturers, it would be quite possible to solder the processor directly to the mat. board, and in terms of reliability it is more appropriate. But this was done, frankly, on purpose - that is, on purpose. for possible system upgrades. In other words, we wanted to replace the processor with another one - we pulled it out of the socket and inserted the one we needed, of course, with the amendment that it should have the same socket as the old processor. In truth, it is for the possible modernization of computer hardware that the vast majority of slots and connectors exist that are only on the motherboard.

Now let's talk about socket support for various processors. Below is a table with popular (at the time of publication of the material) sockets and their corresponding processors:

Socket (socket)	CPU
LGA 775 (Socket T), release year - 2004	Intel Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Extreme Edition Intel Celeron D Pentium D Pentium Extreme Edition Pentium Dual Core Core2 Duo Core 2 Extreme Core 2 Quad Xeon (for servers)
LGA 1366 (Socket B), release year - 2008	Intel Core i7 (9xx) Intel Celeron P1053
LGA 1156 (Socket H), release year - 2009	Intel Core i7 (8xx) Intel Core i5 (7xx, 6xx) Intel Core i3 (5xx) Intel Pentium G69x0 Intel Celeron G1101 Intel Xeon X,L (34xx)
LGA 1155 (Socket H2), release year - 2011	Sandy Bridge and Intel Ivy Bridge
LGA 1150 (Socket H3), planned release year - (2013-2014)	Intel Haswell and Intel Broadwell
Socket 939, year of release - no data	Athlon 64 Athlon 64FX Athlon 64X2
Socket AM2, release year - 2006	Athlon 64 (not all) Athlon 64 X2 (not all) Athlon X2 Athlon 64FX-62 Opteron 12xx Sempron (some) Sempron X2 Phenom (limited support)
Socket AM2+, release year - 2007	Athlon X2 Athlon II Opteron 13xx Phenom Phenom II
Socket AM3, release year - 2009	Phenom II (except X4 920 and 940) Athlon II Sempron 140 Opteron 138x
Socket AM3+, release year - 2011	AMD FX-Series(AMD FX-4100 AMD FX-6100 and AMD FX-8120 AMD FX-8150)
Socket FM1, release year - 2011	All microarchitecture processors AMD Fusion
Socket FM2, release year - 2012	All microarchitecture processors Bulldozer

And in conclusion, a small recommendation for those who are going to buy a new processor: before buying, always check the compatibility of the motherboard socket and processor. For example, if the motherboard has an LGA775 socket - take processors that are made specifically for this socket, no other processors will work.

Processor socket on the motherboard - This term refers to the socket where the computer's processor is inserted, located on the system board. I am sure that many readers have been owners of a desktop PC for many years. And often there is such a situation when at first a computer is bought purely for editing documents, sending letters and watching movies. But as the capabilities of the PC are explored, more and more new programs are installed, new prospects for using it open up, and, as a result, its power begins to be sorely lacking.

One of the significant steps in its modernization is the replacement of the processor with a more productive one. However, there are several problems here, one of which is the socket on the motherboard into which the processor is inserted - the socket. There are a huge number of them, so if you just go to the store and choose a more powerful "core" for your computer, then 99% that it will not be able to work with the installed motherboard, because when choosing it, you must always take into account which socket it is for. made. And modern processors cost from a couple to tens of thousands of rubles - it's a pity to throw that kind of money down the drain!

What is the best cpu socket?

I think that you have already understood the seriousness of the error. Now let's take a closer look at what they are and which socket to choose.

Like any high-tech equipment and components, sockets are constantly being upgraded, resulting in ever newer and more productive standards. However, this happens very often, as a result of which you can find both motherboards with old connectors and new ones on the market. And another picture is also observed - due to a quick update, you may not be able to match a 3-5 year old computer with a processor that works with your motherboard socket, or vice versa. Therefore, when choosing components for a new computer, it is also important to navigate the types of sockets in order to choose a board model with the newest one in the future.

To date, processors are produced by two competing companies - Intel and AMD, each of which releases its own socket standards. Any motherboard works with one of these companies and contains one of the socket types for processors from these manufacturers.

It looks like a rectangular platform with many contacts and a latch in which the processor is attached. There are also several through holes in the board around it, into which the processor cooling system is attached, or a special plastic mount around it.

Intel processor sockets

• Obsolete - LGA 775, 1156, 1366, 2011
• Modern - LGA 1151, 1150, 1155

The number in the socket name indicates the number of pins on the surface.

AMD processor sockets

• Deprecated - AM2, AM2+
• Modern - AM3, AM3+, FM1, FM2

It is very easy to visually distinguish modern sockets of Intel and AMD processors:

1. First, the motherboard connector for AMD has a lot of pin holes, which are in the form of pins on the processor. On Intel sockets, on the contrary, the contacts themselves are legs, and there are holes in the processor.
2. There is also a difference in the processor mount - the Intel socket has a metal frame around the perimeter with a latch-lock. AMD processors are attached by offsetting the top plate of the socket relative to the bottom.
3. And finally, Intel's cooler (fan) is mounted in the holes mentioned above, while AMD's is mounted on a special plastic frame around the socket. All these differences can be seen in the screenshot below.

In addition, AMD has prudently made some sockets compatible between lower and older models of the same generation. So, on an AM3+ motherboard socket, you can install a processor with both an older AM3 and an AM3+. But this does not always work, so you must first check the compatibility on the manufacturer's website.

In the description of the motherboard and processor, the socket can be denoted in different ways, for example: "Socket", "S", or simply the model number.

Consider, for example, an Intel socket motherboard and an AMD processor.

This screenshot shows a board with socket 1155, which is clearly indicated by the name:
"ASRock H61M-DGS (RTL) LGA1155 PCI-E+Dsub DVI+GbLAN SATA MicroATX 2DDR-III"

And here is a page with an AMD processor with socket FM 2, which is also evident from the name:
"ASUS F2A85-V PRO (RTL) SocketFM2 3xPCI-E+Dsub+DVI+HDMI+DP+GbLAN SATA RAID ATX 4DDR-III"

Also, the socket model is often mentioned in the descriptions of coolers in order to clarify which socket it can be installed on. For example, in the example below from the title, we immediately understand which sockets this cooler will work with (Intel 775, 1155 and AMD AM2, AM3):
Cooler Master Buran T2 (3pin, 775/1155/AM2/AM3, 30dB, 2200rpm, TH)

When upgrading an old computer

For example, if the processor burned out or you want to install a more productive one. Or vice versa, the motherboard is out of order and you want to buy a new one for the old processor. In any of these cases, in addition to taking into account, it is necessary to determine the mother model and look at the manufacturer's website which socket it uses.

We open the lid of the computer, and look for an inscription on the system board indicating its model. As a rule, it is available, for example, in the following image we see the GA-870A-UD3 model from the manufacturer Gygabite.

We go to the company's website or simply drive this model into a search engine and look at the detailed description of the board, namely with which specific processor models and which socket it fits.

In our example, these are AMD Phenom II or AMD Athlon II processors with socket AM3 - we go to the store and take one of them.

Building a computer from scratch

The second case when this information can come in handy is when you are building your own computer from scratch. After you decide on, you need to select a processor with exactly the socket that is installed on it. Some sites have a very handy feature to automatically filter processors that are suitable for a particular board.

If we are talking about replacing the board, then, accordingly, you need to choose one that contains an identical socket and supports work with these processors.

Replacing the cooling system

Finally, the socket model must be considered when you want to change the processor fan or install a more powerful cooling system. The parameters of these devices also indicate which sockets they can be installed on (for example, boxed coolers from AMD processors cannot be installed on an Intel socket).

Today I conclude the article with this, I hope this information will be useful to you when choosing the best socket on the motherboard for the processor! Well, for a snack, according to the tradition of the video - how to properly install the processor in the socket.