What words to learn to speak English easily? Count words, characters and a list of keywords in a text How many words from a given list can be understood.

Here are the questions and answers of the competition "Russian Bear - Linguistics for All" for 2000 for grades 9-11.

Tasks worth 3 points

1. How many of the following words are suitable for the definition of "utensils intended for storing food or drink": a jar, a bottle, a teapot, a cup, a plate?

(A) for one; (B) for two; (B) for three; (D) for four; (D) for everyone.

2. In how many of the following words can the letter e be read both as e and as e: takes, vest, lives, prohibition, scratches?

(A) none; (B) in one; (B) in two; (D) in three; (D) at four.

3. Mark from the words below the words with the same prefixes:
1) window sill, 2) plantain, 3) girlfriend, 4) scoundrel, 5) gift, 6) gout.

(A) 1, 2 (B) 1, 2, 3, 4 (C) 2, 5 (D) 2, 5, 6 (E) 2, 3, 5

4. How many words from the list can be understood as both a noun and a verb:
fight, howl, sing, swarm, stop, lie down, bake, speech?

5. Phrases are given:
1) There are countless examples of overly prudent bad taste.
2) There are countless exemplars of too prudent bad taste.
3) There are countless examples of overly calculated bad taste.
4) There are countless examples of too prudent bad taste.
Choose the option with no spelling errors:

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 4; (E) all variants contain errors.

6. What is the name of the inhabitants of Tula?

(A) tulyans; (B) tulsi; (B) Tula; (D) tulichi; (E) Tulichans.

7. Look at the list of words: debut, dessert, December, power, detail, democrat, brawl, demagogue.
In how many of them does the second letter (e) soften the preceding consonant?

(A) 0, (B) 1; (C) 2, (D) 3, (E) 4.

8. Five words are given: 1) butterfly, 2) sparrow, 3) windmill, 4) plane, 5) chair.
Which one is redundant in meaning?

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 4; (D) 5?

9. Read the riddle encrypted in the rebus and find a suitable answer.

(A) oven; (B) window; (B) porch; (D) factory; (D) pumpkin.

10. Indicate in which of the following sentences the word sad is an adjective:
1) We are sad to leave.
2) Parting is always sad.
3) He looked at me sadly.

(A) none; (B) 1; (AT 12; (D) 1, 2, 3; (D 2.

Tasks worth 4 points

11. What does the expression put in sight mean?

(A) put on display; (B) buy shares in VID TV company;
(B) make a remark close to a reprimand; (D) send to the exhibition; (D) don't say that.

12. Before the orthographic reform of 1917–1918 each adjective had two different forms in the nominative plural, for example: new textbooks, but new books; old shoes, but old letters and telegrams; bright classrooms, but bright windows. How were the phrases beautiful vases and spacious fields recorded before the spelling reform?

(A) beautiful vases, spacious fields; (B) beautiful vases, spacious fields;
(B) beautiful vases, spacious fields; (D) beautiful vases, spacious fields;
(E) none of options (A)–(D) are correct.

13. Sometimes they called themselves "budetlyans". And under what name did they enter the history of literature?

(A) the Imagists; (B) futurists; (B) acmeists; (D) Oberiuts; (E) symbolists?

14. In what sentences is the union what: 1) Take the book that lies on the table.
2) I don't know what we were asked to do at home. 3) It's good that holidays start tomorrow.

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 1, 2; (E) 2, 3.

15. How many different meanings does the phrase Letter from a friend from Moscow have?

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 4; (D) 6?

16. What is the name of a fence made of planks?

(A) plank; (B) plank; (B) plank; (D) boardwalk; (D) plank.

17. Russian and corresponding Serbo-Croatian words are given:
hunger - smooth, beard - beard, bare-handed - bare-handed.
What are the Serbo-Croatian equivalents for the Russian words goldenhorn and frost?

(A) zlatragi, scum; (B) goldenhorns, mraz; (B) golden tragedies, scum;
(D) goldenhorns, mraz; (E) golden horns, frost.

18. Consider five phrases:
- Hand over all the garbage to the janitor that has accumulated.
- Chekhov considered "Happiness" the best of all the things he had written up to that time.
- Passing under the bridge, someone spat from above.
“Despite the incontrovertibility of the charges brought against the criminal, the verdict has not yet been passed.
- Petya not only participated in the Russian Bear cub, but also in the Kangaroo.
How many of them are incorrectly built?

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 4; (D) 5.

19. How many common sounds are contained in the words haystack and guest?

20. In Russian, there are words with superposition of morphemes, for example: column (the root of columns is superimposed on the suffix -n-), quarrel (the prefix is superimposed on the root -quarrels-).
Which of the following words describes a similar phenomenon:
1) get up, 2) will come, 3) Odessa, 4) antenna?

(A) 2; (B) 3, 4; (AT 12; (D) 1, 2, 3, 4; (E) 1, 2, 3.

Tasks worth 5 points

21. How many verbs from the above list are two-species, that is, they can be used both in perfect and in imperfect form: order, ask, forgive, execute, hurt?

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 4; (D) 5.

22. Among the given words, select a word that comes from the same root as the word bend.

(A) crafty; (B) onion; (B) radiation; (D) the best; (D) receive.

23. A modern Russian proverb: “The drunken sea is knee-deep” is only the first half of a longer old proverb. What was her other half like?

(A) "... and sober - with his head"; (B) "... and the head is like a log"; (B) "... and the puddle is up to your ears";
(D) "... while sitting in a tavern"; (E) Answers (A)–(D) are not correct.

24. Which word is replaced by the letter X in the "semantic proportion":
wake up: sleep = stop: go = turn off: X?

(A) go out; (B) ignite; (B) burn; (D) extinguish; (D) catch fire.

25. Which of the following sentences contains a compound verb predicate:
1) Ivan will work. 2) Ivan wants to work. 3) Ivan went to work. 4) Ivan became a teacher?

(A) 2; (B) 1, 2; (B) 2, 3; (D) 1, 2, 3; (E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

26. How many animate nouns are in the list:
child, toy, teddy bear, team, drowned man, queen?

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 4; (D) 5.

27. How many numerals are among the listed single-root words:
three, treshka, troyak, troika, trinity, three, three, thirdly?

(A) 1; (B) 2; (IN 3; (D) 4; (D) 5.

28. In the old spelling, the words: whiteness, shoot, poor, believe, wife, feather bed, darkness, honey - were written as follows: whiteness, shoot, poverty, believe, wife, feather bed, darkness, honey.
How were the words written in the old spelling: oar, wall?

(A) paddle, wall; (B) paddle, wall; (B) oar, wall;
(D) oar, wall; (D) Vistula, wall.

29. Words are given: light bulb, shop, hole, bun. Which of these words have the same suffixes?

(A) a light bulb and a bun; (B) bench and hole; (B) light bulb and hole; (D) shop and bun; (E) bun and hole.

30. Four pairs of homonyms are given:
mink (animal) - mink (small hole)
key (spring) - key (from the lock)
outfit (clothes) - outfit (work order)
conductor (on a train) - conductor (current)
However, in some pairs their constituent homonyms have slight differences in declension. How many couples are there?

(A) 0; (B) 1; (IN 2; (D) 3; (D) 4.

ANSWERS TO TASKS FOR GRADES 9-11:

1. B
2. In
3. D
4. In
5. G
6. In
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. D

11. In
12. A
13. B
14. In
15. G
16. G
17. B
18. D
19. B
20. D

21. In
22. A
23. In
24. D
25. A
26. G
27. B
28. G
29. G
30. In

This service automatically analyzes the entered text and displays the result of the count of words, characters with / without spaces and a list of keywords in the text.

Setting the minimum word length

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Accounting for and exclusion from the calculation of special characters and numbers

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Building a list of keywords

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	Exclude when counting numbers

Instead of learning thematic vocabulary from textbooks, focus on the most important and you will be amazed at the result. Neural networks have analyzed thousands of texts of books, articles and discussions in English and have identified words that make sense to spend time on. Let's talk about this in more detail.

In Soviet and post-Soviet schools, it was important to know grammar. Therefore, it is difficult for their graduates to talk. English was studied according to the abstract characters of textbooks, encyclopedias and literature, missing the most important thing - ordinary human speech.

How many words do you need to know?

The compilers of modern curricula in chorus pronounce the number 3000 - this is such a "golden reserve" of English words. We called it Gold 3000 and now we'll tell you all about it.

How do you know if it's too much or too little?

3000 words - this is the first chapter of the poem Eugene Onegin, 15 pages of text A4 12 size, half an hour of leisurely reading aloud. In short, it's not that much. But here the tricky thing begins. You cannot learn any three thousand words and be sure that you know the language fluently. It's like trying to make the word "happiness" from a known set of letters.

What English words to learn?

To pass as a person who speaks English, you need to learn common, colloquial words, set expressions, phrases of high frequency, which are all collected in one list from the compilers of the Oxford Dictionary. To grow professionally, you need those that relate to your profession. To understand the subject - on the subject.

Those who learned frequency words easily read texts in the New York Times, watch the BBC and communicate with native speakers about Brexit and Donald Trump. Because I studied according to suitable and relevant materials. And some at that time, for some reason, memorized the word serendipity, so that later they would meet it one day in an article about bipolar disorder.

How many words are there in the English language?

Calm down, no one knows all the words. A more or less educated native English speaker, on average, owns a stock of 10,000 to 30,000 words.

The compilers of the legendary Macmillan dictionary believe that the 2500 most frequent expressions cover 80% of English speech. 7500 words already cover 90% of speech. That is, by learning more, you earn yourself a chance to communicate on professional topics, read thematic literature, or speak in some especially deep way about your feelings.

How did they understand it?

This was understood by artificial intelligence, having performed a computer analysis of thousands of texts of books, articles, essays and discussions (now there are already 1.6 billion words in the Macmillan corpus).

The authors of the Longman dictionary have identified 3,000 (actually a little more) words, which, according to their study, cover 86% of all texts in English.

The Oxford Dictionary also has its own list of the most important words in the English language. Here they are also 3000 (and here they rounded down to an even number), but the authors do not mention what percentage of speech and / or texts they will help to understand.

So what are those words?

For example, you can run a fragment of an article from The Guardian in a special service of the Oxford Dictionary, which shows how many words from the Oxford 3000 ™ list are used in the text. As you can see, 90% of the text falls on the same 3000 most frequent words.

Read also:

The same list was uploaded to the Skyeng mobile application for memorizing words on iOs and Android. Since the list is called Gold 3000, each frequency word worth your time is marked with a gold bag. The application can be used not only to learn words, but also in general to study (do homework and read useful materials, this one included).

In the last issue, we solved problems for one of the types of ambiguity - polysemy, or ambiguity. Another type of word ambiguity, lexical homonymy, should be distinguished from lexical polysemy. If different meanings of one polysemantic word have some common components, then homonyms are words that accidentally coincide in sound and spelling, or words that are so divergent in meaning that in the modern language their once existing connection is no longer felt.

1. There are two different verbs in Russian reap. The meaning of one of them is ‘pressure’. Find the meaning of the second verb in the list of answers.

(BUT) weed weeds;(B) lead tractor;(AT) cutting down stems cereals;(G) sow;(E) among options (A)–(D) there is no correct one.

Decision. If you remember that harvest- this is harvesting (for example, wheat), it becomes clear that the correct answer is (B) or (C). And in order to choose one of these two answers, it is enough to realize that the original Russian word reap appeared long before tractors ... Thus, reap is to cut the stalks of cereals. Answer:(AT).

2. Here is the list of words: jazz, rock, pop, blues. How many words from it are there in V.I. Dahl, published in the 60s of the XIX century?

(A) none; (B) one; (At two; (D) three; (D) four.

Decision. At the time of Dahl, none of the four musical styles named in the problem had yet been invented. But two of them have homonyms: rock- ‘fate’ and pop- ‘priest’, which were even more common under Dal than now. Of course they are in his dictionary. But the words jazz and blues there are no such homonyms. Answer:(AT).

3. How many different perfective verbs can form an imperfective verb compare?

(A) none; (B) from one; (B) from two; (D) from three; (D) from four.

Decision. What is actually possible compare? It is possible, for example, compare hedgehog with snake- in this case, the original perfective verb looks like compare . Can be long and thorough to compare the remains of the fortress wall with the ground- and finally flatten . And everyone who loves to play football knows perfectly well that sometimes they themselves have to compare score at the last second and sometimes equalize the score in such a situation, alas, is possible for the opponent. Answer:(G).

Lexical homonyms always refer to one part of speech, they can be complete (then all forms of the word coincide) or partial (some of the forms coincide, but some differ). So, in the above tasks, the verbs reap 1 and reap 2 have the same forms in the past tense, subjunctive, but different - in the present tense, imperative: reap, reap, reap…, reap and squeeze, squeeze, squeeze…, press. These are partial lexical homonyms. But for all three verbs compare all forms coincide - these are full lexical homonyms.

The following tasks are to distinguish between full and partial homonyms.

4. Four pairs of homonyms are given:

mink (animal) - mink(small hole);
key(spring) - key(from the castle);
outfit(clothes) - outfit(work order);
conductor(on the train) - conductor(current).

However, in some pairs their constituent homonyms have slight differences in declension. How many couples are there?

(A) 0; (B) 1; (IN 2; (D) 3; (D) 4.

Decision. In the first and last pair, homonymous nouns differ in terms of animateness/inanimateness, which leads to differences in declension, cf. I see minks(animals) - I see minks(small burrows); I see a guide(on the train) - I see the conductor(current). In the two remaining pairs of nouns, there are no differences in declension. Answer:(AT).

5. Pairs of homonymous nouns are given:

1) deck(a piece of wood) - deck(kart);

2) weasel(animal) - weasel(tenderness);

3) cant(doors) - cant(birds);

4) count(pointed stick) - count(grade).

In which of these pairs between homonyms are there differences in declension?

(A) in 1 and 3; (B) in 2 and 4; (B) in 1, 2 and 3; (D) in 1, 2 and 4; (D) in all.

Decision. The words deck(piece of wood) and deck(cards), as well as cant(doors) and cant(birds) are inclined in exactly the same way. between words weasel(animal) and weasel(tenderness) there are the following differences: firstly, in the genitive plural, the first of them has a fluent vowel (fluffy weasels) and the second one doesn't (maternal caresses); secondly, the first of them is animate, and the second is not, therefore the form of the accusative plural is formed differently for them (I see fluffy weasels, but I see motherly caresses. Plural of a word count(pointed stick) - stakes, but from the word count(grade) - cola. Answer:(B).

In addition to lexical homonyms, it is customary to distinguish grammatical homonyms, or homoforms. These are matching word forms.

The forms of words of one part of speech may coincide, see, for example, the following task:

6. Word scratch can be understood as two different forms of two different verbs: an indefinite form of a verb with the same root as a noun scraper, and the imperative mood of the verb cross. Here is the list of words: grow, drank, fields, my, glass, led, verse.

How many words does it contain that can also be understood as two different forms of two different verbs?

(A) one; (B) two; (At three o'clok; (D) four; (D) five.

Decision. Word grow back can be understood as an indefinite form of the verb (hair can grow back quickly) and as an imperative form of the verb grow (grow a beard). The words drank and led can be understood as forms of the past tense pl. number of verbs drink and lead respectively (we drank tea; the children were taken to kindergarten) and as imperative forms of verbs to nag and command (they drank more firewood; told him to be quiet). The remaining four words are also homonymous, but only in one of the understandings they are verbs. (fields flowers, my hands, all glass on the floor, wind verse) . In a different sense fields, glass and verse- forms of nouns, and my- pronoun. Thus, in this list, there are three words that can be understood as two different forms of two different verbs, − grow back, drank and led.Answer:(AT)

However, the forms of words of different parts of speech often coincide.

7. Sometimes the same word can be understood as both a noun and a verb.

For example: day (day weeks day it's somewhere). All the words listed below, except for one, have the same property. Find this "extra" word.

(BUT) smooth surface;(B) early;(AT) three;(G) lichen;(D) parrot.

Decision. All these words can be understood as verbs in the imperative mood: expanse(from iron), early(from hurt), three(from rub), lichen(from deprive), parrot(from scare). Four words can also be taken as nouns: smooth, ran, lichen, parrot. Word three also has a second meaning if it denotes a number, but in this case it is a numeral, not a noun. Answer: (B).

8. How many words from this list can be understood as both a noun and a verb: sewed, washed, howled, deeds, lived, were, dug, lived?

Decision. Both as a noun and as a verb, you can understand the following words from the list:

awl, soap, deeds - forms of nouns cf. kind awl, soap, case;

verb forms sew, wash, children;

were – noun form true story; verb form be;

lived - noun form lived; verb form live;

The words howled, lived and dug are only verb forms. Answer:(G).

9. How many of the following words are those that can be attributed to different parts of speech: swarm, mine, sing, howl, open, open, simple?

(A) 2; (B) 3; (AT 4; (D) 5; (D) 6.

Decision. Five of the words given in the task can be attributed to different parts of speech: the word Roy can also be a verb form dig in the imperative mood, and to them. p. units h. noun Roy, word my- and the form of the imperative from the verb wash, and them. p. units h.w. pronouns my, word howl howl howl, word cut- the form of the imperative mood from the verb to uncover and them. p. units h. noun cut, a word simple- and the form of them. p. units h. noun simple, and adjective form simple. The words sing and open are understood unambiguously, namely, as forms of the imperative mood of verbs sing and open respectively. Answer:(G).

10. How many nouns from the list below match in form with gerunds: breakdown, break, cover, lion, sow, pharynx?

(A) 2; (B) 3; (C) 4; (D) 5; (D) 6.

Decision. Three nouns from the list coincide in form with gerunds: breakdown(from the verb tear down), break(from the verb rummage) and sowing(from the verb sit down). Answer:(B).

11. Among the forms of the singular noun glue there are, in particular, such: 1) glue; 2)glue; 3)glue; 4)glue.

Which of them have homonymous forms that are not nouns?

(A) 3 and 4; (B) 2 and 3; (B) 2, 3 and 4; (D) 1, 2 and 3; (E) 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Decision. The form glue is also the imperative mood of the verb glue, glue- adverb, a glue- form of the first person unit. numbers present. tense of the same verb. Noun form glue has no homonymous forms, it only coincides in sound with the verb form of the first person plural. h. glue. Answer:(G).

12. Indicate in which of the sentences below the word sad is an adjective: 1) We are sad to leave. 2) Breakups are always sad. 3) He looked at me sadly.

(A) None; (B) 1; (AT 12; (D) 1, 2, 3; (D 2.

Decision. Word sad is an adjective in the second sentence. It appears in a short form and, being the nominal part of the predicate, it agrees with the subject in the singular and the middle gender. In the first sentence sad is a predicative adverb and acts as the main member of an impersonal sentence. In the third sentence sad- adverb, plays the role of the circumstance of the mode of action. Answer:(D).

13. - We want to eat! Do you have a beluga?

No sir. There is an eelpout!

What is an eelpout?

Also a fish, sir!

Okay, take it.

Yes, sir!

In how many different senses is the word used in this comic dialogue there is?

(A) in one; (B) in two; (B) in three; (D) in four; (D) at five.

Decision. First there is(infinitive form) means ‘to take food’, second and third there is(present tense form of the verb be) - ‘to have’. Fourth there is- linking verb (also in the present tense). Fifth there is- interjection, meaning that the instruction is understood and accepted for execution. Thus the word there is used in the dialogue in four senses. Answer:(G).

1, 7 - K. Knop; 2, 13 - I. Rubanov; 3, 5 - I. Itkin; 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 - E. Muravenko; 9 - P. Arkadiev; 11 - L.Iomdin.

To be continued