What kind of dye is obtained from cochineal. What kind of paint is obtained in Mexico

I try to eat exclusively plant foods, but I cannot refuse fish and seafood. I love them very much, and therefore I am offended and scared to read about the fact that in reality the fish can be not only not useful, but also extremely dangerous. To reduce the health risks that may arise from eating fish and seafood, you need to follow a few rules.

2. Unfortunately, not everything is in order with wild fish either. Today, the oceans and seas are extremely polluted and radioactive, and fish absorb toxic and radioactive substances that are dangerous to human health. Most of them accumulate in large fish. These hazardous substances include, for example, heavy metals and mercury. Mercury is a neurotoxin that causes memory loss, vision loss, cardiovascular disease, etc. Doctors strongly advise pregnant women to avoid products containing mercury, as it causes mental retardation, deafness, blindness and cerebral palsy in children.

Here is a list of fish that should be avoided altogether, as they contain the highest concentrations of mercury: marlin, tilefish, swordfish (a weakness of my husband that caused elevated mercury levels in his body), shark, king mackerel, bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna.

Fish from the following list can also be eaten in small portions no more than 6 times a month: striped bass and black bass, carp, Pacific cod, white croaker, Pacific and Atlantic halibut, lobster, dorado, monkfish, freshwater bass, sable fish, stingray, snapper, gray croaker, skipjack tuna.

Finally, it is recommended to eat fish from this list no more than twice a week (serving 180 grams): anchovy, butterfish, catfish, bivalves, crabs, crayfish, croaker, haddock, hake, herring, Atlantic mackerel and Japanese mackerel, mullet, oysters, river and sea flounder, salmon, sardines, scallops, shrimp, sole, squid, telapia, freshwater trout, "white" fish, hake.

3. When cooking fish, keep in mind that toxic substances are mainly found in fat, and it is better to choose cooking methods that involve rendering fat, such as grilling.

4. Avoid canned fish and any industrially processed fish. I hope I don't need to explain why.

5. I am also often asked about sushi, because there is an opinion that this is a very healthy food. However, in the light of the foregoing, it is clear that this is not the case. And one more thing: the combination of fish and rice (especially processed white rice) is very bad for digestion, so sushi or rolls are the wrong choice in a Japanese restaurant. Better choose sashimi - if you are not afraid of radiation and mercury))).

Before you start, you need to know that this business will not bring you instant profit. Under the best conditions, this can be in two to five seasons. It all depends on the growth rate and value of the breed. In order to have an income every season, with extensive fish farming, it will be necessary to launch the fry into the pond every year, until the juveniles of the first year become sexually mature and begin to breed themselves.

Semi-intensive, will require cages for each year fry released. It is used as a feed

Breeding in pools will require as many growing tanks as the number of years it is planned to grow fish.

First, let's deal with the basic issues of fish farming.

1. The economic component of business.
2. What kind of fish to breed.
3. Fish farming methods.
4. Necessary activities for fish farming.

Economic component.
The most cost-effective in terms of fish farming as a business in the CIS is carp and trout.

Where to begin

The action plan for the arrangement of fisheries includes several points.

1. Finding out the demand for the product in the market.
2. Selection of fish for breeding.
3. Selection of breeding and cultivation methods.
4. Obtaining documents for the right to engage in fish farming.
5. Purchase and installation of fish-breeding reservoirs.
6. Selection and purchase of the necessary equipment (pumps, filters, aerators, etc.).
7. Acquisition of fry, food, medicines.
8. Working with suppliers and markets.

Carp

Carp, an artificially bred breed by carp breeding, is easy to cross, grows quickly, is prolific, not whimsical to water quality and oxygen content. Able to gain weight with good feeding, even in small artificial ponds and pools.

As in any other business, you will need a business plan, which means that you need to take into account all the costs and time to generate income.

Business plan includes

Initial investment.

1 hectare of a reservoir stocked with fry will require approximately 60,000-70,000 rubles.
Consider what the main costs fall on, calculation per 1 ha.

• Paperwork 10,000 (lease agreement, registration of an enterprise, call for sanitary and epidemiological supervision specialists, purchase of a license).
• Malek 17000
• Arrangement 20000 (purchase of the necessary equipment, cleaning the pond and territory)
• Feed for the first month 10000
• Other expenses 3000-5000 rubles.

We get to start on 1 hectare you need about 62,000 rubles.
Figures are approximate and may vary by region.

Growing and fattening

It should be noted that some fish species, such as carp, crucian carp, catfish, sterlet, stop feeding in winter, go into wintering pits and fall into suspended animation.
For this reason, for such breeds, the cost of feeding is considered the arithmetic average.
Another factor, the larger the individual, the more food she will need.

Income for the third year of a stocked reservoir

Now we will calculate how much income we will receive from 1 ha S of the reservoir. 1 ha = 100m*100m

250 kg fry, after 3 years 2500 kg
The approximate wholesale cost of 1 kg of carp is 60 rubles.
2500*60=150000 rub.
150000-62000=88000 rub.

It is important not to forget that puberty occurs in the third year of life. Leaving a few individuals for breeding, the cost of fry can be removed. Thereby increasing the income.

In the future, you can remove the cost of purchasing equipment, since it is bought once for several years, and may require only repair costs.

Fourth year

Documents 5000 (lease certificates)
Arrangement 5000 (repair)
Other 3000
Total per 1 ha 13000
Realization 150000-13000=137000 rub.

Trout

For fish farming as a business, two types of productive trout, rainbow and brook, are most suitable. The most profitable in terms of profitability is indoor cultivation on the principle of recirculating water supply systems (RAS), intensive cultivation.

Creating a trout farm requires the same activities as a carp farm.

• Registration of necessary papers 10000
• Purchase of the necessary equipment 1500000
• Malka 300000
• Feed 200000
• Salary of employees 300000
• Scheduled maintenance (replacement of filters, purchase of spare parts) 200,000 rubles.
• Total 2600000 rub.

Trout wholesale price 300 rubles. for 1 kg.

With intensive cultivation from 1 ha, the yield is 10 tons of fish.
10000*300=3000000 rub.
3000000-2600000=400000 rub.

Sexual maturity occurs upon reaching 3 years of age. With a competent approach to artificial insemination of eggs, an article, the purchase of fry, you can remove costs from the list.

Income

The cost of creating a farm will pay off in three years. With well-established sales, starting from the fourth year, the farm will begin to receive a good income.

• Sanitary certificates and other papers 5000
• Feed 200000
• Employees 300000
• Service 200000

The total cost from the fourth year is 705,000 rubles.
3000000-705000=2295000 rub.

Summing up

Carp breeding is simple, but the profitability is lower.
Trout farming is difficult, but income over the same period is higher.

Necessary activities for fish farming as a business

What to buy and make.

• Ponds or fish tanks
• Hangar for intensive fish farming
• Communications (electricity, heating, sewerage, treatment facilities and filters).
• Pumps for circular pumping of water.
• Aerators for water enrichment with oxygen.
• Emergency generator.
• Various nets, cages, nurseries.
• OKVED area code 03.2.
• Necessary papers for an artificial reservoir
• Registration of sole proprietorship or LLC. Passport, copy of index, payment of duties.

Permissions

• Veterinary certificate from the sanitary and epidemiological authority.
• Registration in the fish inspection.