Captain Ivan Matveyevich Admiral Kapitanets Ivan Matveyevich

BBK 75.715 L 84

Lukashev M.N.

THE CREATION OF SAMBO: to be born in a tsarist prison and die in a Stalin prison... / Lukashev M.N. - M.: Budo-sport LLC, 2003. - 104 p. Edited by A.M. Gorbylev

ISBN 5-901826-02-7

In this book, an honorary member of the executive committee of the All-Russian Sambo Federation, holder of the Silver Order of the International Amateur Sambo Federation M.N. Lukashev is about the life and work of the founder of the national judo and sambo, a graduate of the Kodokan and the Soviet intelligence officer B.C. Oshchepkov, who tragically died in the dungeons of the NKVD in 1937. The evolution of his system from classical judo to the prototype of modern sports and combat sambo is traced in detail, the complex process of adapting judo to the conditions of the Soviet Union is shown. Here, for the first time in Russian literature, a detailed analysis of the origins and development of the myth about the development of sambo based on the national types of wrestling of the USSR is given.

A huge number of documents, archival materials, including from the archives of the KGB and the GRU, publications of the domestic and foreign press, personal acquaintance of M.N. Lukashev with witnesses of the events and authors of a number of systems, balanced assessments and high professionalism make the book a unique publication, designed to become a reference book for every Russian judoka, sambo wrestler, jiu-jitser, hand-to-hand fighter.

From the editor

In the hands of the reader - another book from the series "HAND FIGHT IN RUSSIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY". It continues the theme of the previous book “The Creation of SAMBO: the SAM system turns into SAMBO” and is dedicated to the life of Vasily Sergeevich Oshchepkov (1892-1937), a patriot, intelligence officer, an outstanding domestic specialist in the field of self-defense, the founder of Soviet judo, who undoubtedly left the brightest mark in the history of Russian hand-to-hand combat of the first half of the last century.

From our today, many decades away from the 1910s - 1930s, when the activities of this remarkable man, whose life was tragically cut short in Stalin's dungeons, unfolded, it was very difficult to assess his contribution to the development of domestic hand-to-hand combat. Meanwhile, every detail is important here. After all, we are talking about neither more nor less, but about the authorship of the most famous and recognized domestic system of self-defense and sports wrestling, sambo - Russia's most important contribution to the world treasury of martial and martial arts.

Until now, our sambo and judo experts are fiercely arguing with each other on this topic. Some are absolutely sure that A.A. Kharlampiyev, who, in their opinion, carried out a synthesis of various national and international types of wrestling and self-defense and developed a qualitatively new system. Others, including Mikhail Nikolayevich Lukashev, the author of this book, are firmly convinced that the priority in the development of sambo should be given to B.C. Oshchepkov, teacher A.A. Kharlampiev, who did a great job, creatively developing the mentor's legacy.

Working with Mikhail Nikolayevich, I became convinced that he is a real researcher, striving for an objective analysis and evaluation of the sources available to him. And it seems to me that this book, coming out in the significant year of the 110th anniversary of B.C. Oshchepkov, is a worthy tribute to the blessed memory of this outstanding Russian master and citizen. I hope that the work of M.N. Lukashev will contribute to the growth of popularity in our country of such courageous sports as judo and sambo.

At the same time, I do not think that the work offered to the reader by M.N. Lukasheva will put an end to the dispute between our sambists or close the topic of studying the legacy of B.C. Oshchepkova. It will undoubtedly arouse objections, the reasoned presentation of which will be published by the Budo-sport publishing house with pleasure in the form of a separate volume.

A.M. Gorbylev

Chapter 1

"The doors are all muted... >

This often happened at the front ... At night, in the ruins of a war-torn city, several of our sappers suddenly came face to face with the Germans. It happened so unexpectedly for both of them that no one had time to either twitch the bolt of the machine gun or tear off the belt of the rifle hanging behind his back from his shoulder. And it was already too late to shoot: in one second everything was mixed up. A merciless hand-to-hand fight broke out in the pitch darkness. People grabbed each other by the throat, threw them to the ground, stepped on the fallen with their boots, beat on the heads with a piece of brick that fell under the arm. Only the hoarse breathing of the fighting, the muffled sounds of blows and furious swearing in two languages were heard. In the convulsively stupid turmoil of the deadly struggle, at first it was difficult to understand who was gaining the upper hand, but there were more Nazis, and they clearly began to overcome. And hardly any of our sappers, people no longer young, would have left these ruins alive if the sergeant from the reconnaissance platoon who accompanied them to the front had not arrived in time to help.

Grabbing him, it seemed, with a death grip from behind the neck of the German, he threw it over himself so that he crashed with his whole back

on the sharp brick battlements of the ruined wall, and remained lying there. He laid down two more next to him with precise kicks, shod in a heavy forged soldier's boot. The one who tried to poke him in the stomach with a knife, the scout dislocated his arm, catching it in a trouble-free painful hold. And now, with all his strength, he slashed with the edge of his palm along the back of the neck of a burly German, who crushed under him and almost strangled a short sapper lieutenant ... And when it was all over, the forty-year-old lieutenant, still sitting on the ground, with difficulty turning his head from the side to the side and rubbing his neck with his palm, he said hoarsely:

Well, you're strong, man... If it wasn't for you,
we are all kaput here. And who only like you
learned how to fight?

With difficulty catching his breath, the scout answered not immediately and with incomprehensible sadness:

There was one such good man - Wah
Sily Sergeevich Oshchepkov...
And why - was? What died at the front
whether?
No... It's worse...
You will say too. What's worse than
maybe?..

On the night of October 2, the residents of house number six on Degtyarny Lane were awakened by the sound of a car driving into the yard. Before, no one would have paid any attention to this, except perhaps some old man, tormented by insomnia. But now it was the autumn of 1937, and people listened to such menacingly familiar night sounds with particular alertness and with such fear that the heart began to pound furiously somewhere in the very throat. Those who dared to carefully, from behind the curtain, look out the window, saw a van with a large yellow inscription "Bread" on the side walls that drove into the yard. However, such a naive and familiar disguise could no longer deceive anyone ...

The noise of the car engine stopped at the very entrance, and then the loud clatter of several pairs of boots was heard in the entrance. And all over the staircase at their

half-clothes listened anxiously at the door

tye, terrified to death people: “To us? .. Or not to us?” Boots stomped to the twenty-first apartment on the first floor, and no matter how unpleasant and repulsive it may seem to us now, all the other tenants, listening intently, breathed a sigh of relief: “Thank God! This is not for us ... ”That’s how the merciless Stalinist meat grinder brought up, disfiguring people ...

And at the door of apartment twenty-one there was a deafeningly loud in the silence of the night, a long and demanding call. And now, only in this communal apartment, people were pounding in their temples: “For whom is this time? .. Is it really for me? ..”

Open! NKVD!

And immediately in the front were four men in civilian dark demi-season coats, from under which one could see chrome army boots.

Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeevich

And in the Committee for Physical Culture and Sports, and in the Central Institute of Physical Education, where he worked, there were already wholesale arrests. People disappeared one by one, and everyone knew all too well what that meant. A familiar heartache suddenly reverberated under the right shoulder blade...

Anechka, give me nitroglycerin... Something
heart feels...

The wife hurried with shaking hands

get the medicine and pre-cooked pieces of sugar on which it had to be dripped. But one of the visitors silently took the vial from her hands and put it in his pocket.

What are you doing?! It's a heart medicine
property... He can die without it...
It's time to know, citizen, that nitro
glycerin in liquid form is explosive
substance.

The pain stuck even more strongly in his back, and a bitter thought flashed through Vasily Sergeevich’s head: “Is it really possible that I was born in a royal prison in order to die in a hundred

When, during the years of Gorbachev's glasnost, previously unthinkable publications about innocently repressed people and their mass graves began to appear more and more often, I joined those who began to besiege the KGB with petitions to get acquainted with the cases of innocently executed and then completely rehabilitated persons.

As a sports journalist, I sought to learn about the fate of people who were once very famous in the sports world, first of all, about Vasily Sergeevich Oshchepkov, who suddenly disappeared without a trace in 1937.

"Enemy of the people" was consigned to forced oblivion. They were even afraid to talk about him, in fear they burned books and papers related to him, thickly covered his face in group photographs. For decades, the very name of this remarkable man was banned. It seemed that Oshchepkov would be deleted from the history of Soviet sports once and for all. New generations of athletes grew up in SAMBO who had never even heard of this glorious name. It was necessary to reverse this leaden Stalinist meanness of blood-stained ungrateful unconsciousness. To restore not only the good name, but also the stolen creative priority of this honest, innocently tortured man who did so much for our country. And I, his younger contemporary, really wanted to tell today's reader about him. About him, about his time, which is already drawn to the current generations very, very vaguely, if not pervertedly ...

We had to wait months for a response to written statements. Then they offered to come to the KGB reception - Kuznetsky Most, 22. There, two big men in civilian clothes demanded to fill out a questionnaire for some reason with a passport. And then they explained very intelligibly that there was no way to get acquainted with the cases

makes no sense: they are only two or three pages, and there is absolutely nothing significant. Of course, I could not agree with this, knowing full well that I was being impudently deceived, and stubbornly continued my “epistolary romance” with the KGB. And it was already December 1990, and although no one knew about it yet, the powerful Committee was already breathing heavily...

And so, shortly after my next, last petition addressed to the notorious Kryuchkov, the chairman of the KGB himself, I received a phone call. A very polite male voice asked when it would be convenient for me to get acquainted with the “criminal” cases that interested me.

When? Yes, of course, tomorrow!

How could I put off even for a day this truly fantastic opportunity that suddenly opened up to finally find out what was kept behind seven locks in the archives of the NKVD under the sacramental stamp “Secret” for half a century? God forbid, the political weather will change again, and the mysterious “sesame” that was suddenly opened will slam shut again and then forever ...

And so, the next morning, I go down the wide steps of the underpass, pass through its tunnel, crossing under the ground the beginning of Myasnitskaya, and, going upstairs, I find myself near the house I’m going to. This large beige house with a clock is well known to everyone by the institution located in it and also by the old and returned name of the square on which it stands - Lubyanka.

The extensive bright front facade, which united two former rebuilt buildings into a single whole, arose relatively recently. And I remember him quite differently. The house has been memorable to me since my early childhood, and by no means because of its terrible reputation, but simply because

sentries always walked around him in pointed helmets and with real, with a fixed bayonet, rifles in their hands. (Now I’m just wondering who these frightening outdoor guards were set up from?) The dark green facade of the old Lubyanka in the intricate Art Nouveau style of the beginning of the century I remember, oddly enough, also because of the Red Army soldiers, but no longer alive, but sculpted. The elegant portal of the central entrance was crowned with a figured gable cornice, and on each of its slopes life-sized symmetrical plaster Red Army soldiers were reclining. Also in Budyonovka and with rifles in their hands, but for some reason they were painted in a hopelessly black color. At first, of course, some unacceptably unprincipled allegorical figures were reclining there, but then, given the purposefully revolutionary nature of the institution that occupied the building, this frivolous outdated allegory was displaced by such a vigilant black and plaster guard ...

However, these serene childhood impressions are mercilessly interrupted by completely different - threatening ones. Fifty years ago, I had to go inside this building and by no means of my own free will. Then from the window opening of the stairwell one could see a small courtyard surrounded by walls with many barred prison windows opening into it. Each window had a large "special visor" that went not from top to bottom, but up from the window sill, allowing the prisoners to see only the sky "in a large cage." And in the longest corridor, small boxes of vestibules attached to the doors protruded on both sides. Both doors and vestibules are upholstered in black leather with a thick gasket that completely absorbs any sounds.

The doors are all closed

in a special way,

Protrude from the wall

Vertical coffin.

When I read these lines of Tvardovsky a few years later, I immediately realized that he also had a chance to see these black “coffins” with his own eyes ...

I pass a huge portal of the central entrance lined with polished granite, topped with a large coat of arms of the USSR (“entrance number one”, according to the local termi-

nology), and head to the somewhat more modest entrance "one A". In the old days, it was he who served as the central one and was decorated with black plaster guards. Climbing up several granite steps, I pull on myself by the massive bronze handle the tightly moving sash of large doors. I pass a short, three paces, space between the doors and open the second equally high glazed doors.

Who are you to? Present your documents, - says one of the two "gatekeepers" standing on both sides of the doors - ensigns in caps with a blue band. And the one I’m going to is already waiting for me at the top of the white marble staircase, which rises in a wide march to the elevator doors and diverges there into two narrower ones, bypassing the elevator on both sides of the march.

Together with my "Virgil" we go up to the second floor and go along the corridors with numbered doors on both sides. The walls are finished with brownish plastic. Nothing like what I have ever seen has survived. Apart from the ensigns at the entrance, not a single person in uniform. A rather ordinary atmosphere of a completely ordinary, albeit solid, Soviet institution. Unless, except that the corridors are deserted, and no one smokes in the corners, spreading endless chatter.

But then, finally, on the desk in front of me lies a skinny, badly shabby folder of dirty yellowish thin cardboard. Outwardly, it would seem that the most ordinary shabby clerical folder is one of those that hundreds of thousands were stored in our institutions, organizations, archives and contained tedious official correspondence, countless orders, accounting statements and other paper "offal". But in this shabby folder there are completely different papers, these are documents of monstrously tragic power. It contains the terrible fate of a wonderful and innocent person. The first and last pages are separated by only ten days, but in this decade a whole human life is mercilessly compressed ...

Under the menacing heading "Secret" is the inscription: "USSR. NKVD. Office for the Moscow region. Case No. 2641 on charges of Oshchepkov B.C. under Art. 58 p. 6 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. Volume number 1 "...

In the Navy of the USSR since 1946. He graduated from the Caspian Higher Naval School in 1950. Upon graduation, he was sent to the Northern Fleet, served as commander of the BCH-2 (artillery warhead) on the destroyer Grozny, since 1951 - commander of the BCH-2 of the destroyer Winged, in 1953-1956 - senior assistant commander of the destroyer Winged . In 1957 - a student of the Higher Special Officer Classes of the Navy in Leningrad. He returned to the Northern Fleet and was appointed commander of the destroyer "Jerky", from 1958 - commander of the destroyer "Acute" (until 1961).

Graduated from the Naval Academy in 1964. Appointed chief of staff of the 176th brigade of reserve ships of the Northern Fleet in 1964. Since 1966 - commander of the 170th brigade of destroyers of the Northern Fleet. Graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff in 1970. From 1970 to 1973, in the position of chief of staff - deputy commander of the 5th squadron of the Navy, he was at the place of permanent deployment of the squadron in the Mediterranean Sea. Rear Admiral (1972). Since 1973 - commander of the Kamchatka military flotilla of the Pacific Fleet. Vice Admiral (1975).

Since 1978 - First Deputy Commander of the twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Since 1981 - Commander of the Baltic Fleet. Admiral (1982). Since February 1985 - Commander of the Northern Fleet. In March 1988, he was appointed First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 4, 1988, he was awarded the military rank of Admiral of the Fleet. Since 1992 - retired.

Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 11th convocation (1984-1989). Candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1986-1990. Deputy Director of the State Maritime Center under the Government of the Russian Federation. He also works at the Academy of Military Sciences, Chairman of the Naval Department of the Academy, Honorary Academician of the Academy of Military Sciences. Author of a number of articles and books on the theory of the fleet, including "In the Service of the Oceanic Fleet", "War at Sea", "Naval Science and Modernity", "The Fleet in the Russo-Japanese War and Modernity".

Awards

Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd class
Medals
Order of Courage (Russian Federation)
Order of the Red Star
Order of Nakhimov 1st class
The order of Lenin

Admiral of the Fleet, Commander of the Baltic Fleet (1981–1984), Commander of the Northern Fleet (1985–1988), First Deputy of the Main Command of the Navy (1988–1992)

Born on January 10, 1928 on the Neklyudovka farm in the Kasharsky district of the Rostov region. Father - Kapitanets Matvey Gordeevich (1903-1945), a participant in the Great Patriotic War. Mother - Kapitanets Fekla Stepanovna (1904-1985). Wife - Kapitanets (Odoevtseva) Elena Petrovna (born in 1930), siege survivor, graduate of Leningrad State University, engineer-hydrologist, awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". Son - Kapitanets Pavel Ivanovich (1959-1984).
During the period of the Stolypin agrarian reform, great-grandfather I.M. The paternal captain Lazar bought land and with his family founded the Neklyudovka farm in the area of the settlement of Kashara in the Don Cossacks region, where even now one can trace the genealogy of Ivan Matveyevich in his grandchildren and great-grandchildren. His mother Fyokla Stepanovna was from Kashar. Before the revolution, part of the purchased land had to be sold - there were not enough funds for its cultivation and development. They lived in poverty. Father told Ivan how he had to work as a laborer in order to survive.
As a child, Ivan listened to the stories of his great-uncle about the sea. Grandfather was a participant in the Russo-Japanese War, served on the battleship Sisoy Veliky, participated in the squadron crossing and the Battle of Tsushima on May 14-15, 1905, where the ship died, and he himself was wounded, taken in the water by force and captured.
In 1935, Ivan entered the Kasharskaya secondary school, studied well. From June to December 1942, the Kashar region was occupied by Nazi troops. In December 1942, the Germans tried to drive Ivan and his peers over 14 years old to Germany, but a sudden breakthrough by the Soviet troops thwarted their plans. During the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War, his mother insisted that Ivan continue his studies, and this allowed him to finish the ten years.
After graduating from high school in 1945, Ivan, like many of his generation, who saw and experienced the occupation and war, chose the military profession.
In 1946 I.M. The captain entered the Caspian Higher Naval School in the city of Baku. The school had first-class teachers - graduates of the naval corps, participants in the Russian-Japanese and Civil wars. Maritime disciplines were easy for Ivan, but the cadets experienced difficulties in mastering general subjects (higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, etc.).
In 1946, for the first time, parallel officer classes were formed at the school, where naval officers who distinguished themselves in the war studied. These were twice Heroes of the Soviet Union Captain 2nd Rank Shabalin and Captain Leonov and Heroes of the Soviet Union Captain 2nd Rank Gumanenko, senior lieutenants Polyakov, Vorobyov, Afanasyev and others. Joint study with participants in the war had a beneficial effect on the education of future officers, gave Ivan Kapitanets a lot.
In 1950 I.M. The captain graduated from college with the military rank of "lieutenant" and was sent to the Northern Fleet, having been appointed commander of an artillery warhead on the destroyer "Grozny" (project 7u). At the end of 1950, he completed an internship in his position on the new destroyer of the 30 bis project, where he passed the exam for admission to the control of the warhead and the ship's navigation watch within three months. In the spring of 1951, he was appointed commander of the artillery warhead of the destroyer Winged, which was being built in the city of Molotovsk.
At that time, the Navy was developing rapidly in the country - the first ten-year shipbuilding program (1946-1956) was being carried out, during which cruisers, destroyers, diesel submarines and other ships were built. During the year, several brigades of ships of new projects were formed in the Northern Fleet, which caused a shortage of officers, although eight higher naval schools trained them.
Arriving in Molotovsk, in the 183rd brigade of ships under construction and repair, I.M. The captain got to the plant number 402, where six destroyers were built in one year, he saw how the ship composition of the Northern Fleet was created. The construction of destroyers was carried out in a large boathouse, where work was going on at four positions on four ships at once. When ready, the ship was withdrawn for further completion to the wall of the plant.
On the "winged" I.M. The captain served for more than five years. These were the years of hard work, which became the beginning of Ivan Matveyevich's long naval journey. In the position of commander of a combat unit, he successfully performed all artillery firing, which made it possible in 1953 to appoint him - a senior lieutenant - as a senior assistant to the commander of the ship. During four campaigns, the ship solved all the assigned tasks thanks to organized combat training.
1953 was a turning point for Ivan Matveevich, not only in the service, but also in his personal life. On September 26, in Sevastopol, he married Elena Petrovna Odoevtseva, whom he met in absentia and corresponded for more than six months. At this time, Elena Petrovna worked as a hydrologist in the weather bureau of the Black Sea Fleet. Life has taken on a new meaning. Now, returning from long trips to the pier, Ivan Matveyevich knew that a beloved and loving person was waiting for him on the shore.
In 1956 I.M. The captain is sent to Leningrad to the Higher Special Officer Classes of the Navy, to the faculty of destroyer squadron commanders. In 1957, upon graduation with honors, he was appointed commander of the destroyer Otryvisty of the Northern Fleet, in 1958 - commander of the destroyer Ostry of the 121st brigade of destroyers, where he showed high commanding qualities, especially during the testing of nuclear air explosions at Novaya Zemlya test site (October - November 1958).
In 1961, as a promising officer, I.M. The captain was sent to study at the Naval Academy (Leningrad), from which he successfully graduated in command-staff, operational-tactical specialty and in 1964 was appointed chief of staff of the 176th brigade of reserve ships of the Northern Fleet. Of course, I wanted to get on a floating connection, but an order is an order.
The 176th brigade of reserve ships was part of the division of missile surface ships (division commander Rear Admiral Belyakov, then captain 1st rank Ya.M. Kudelkin). The command of the division monthly attracted I.M. A captain to ensure ships go to sea to secure young commanders, as well as to tactical exercises with combat exercises. In December 1965, he was appointed senior at the passage of the large anti-submarine ship Ognevoy to Leningrad. This was the first campaign of I.M. Kapitanets around the Scandinavian Peninsula through the Barents and Norwegian Seas, the Baltic Sea and the Baltic Sea.
In 1966, captain 2nd rank I.M. The captain was appointed commander of the 170th brigade of destroyers, which was part of the 7th operational squadron of the Northern Fleet and solved the tasks of combat service in the North Atlantic. Commanding a brigade of destroyers, he achieved great success in the combat readiness of the ships of the formation, high organization of service.
In April 1967, the First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral V.A., arrived at the fleet. Kasatonov with a group of officers in order to check the readiness of the formations for a visit by the country's leadership and the choice of basing sites for nuclear submarines. To ensure the work, the destroyer "Persistent" was allocated. THEM. The captain with part of the headquarters provided this campaign. In May 1967, the destroyer "Persistent" went to Sevastopol - Nikolaev for repairs and re-equipment. For captain 2nd rank I.M. This was the captain's first campaign around Europe. With the passage of Cape San Vincente (Spain), the destroyer was controlled from the command post of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 5, 1967, the seven-day Arab-Israeli war began. THEM. The captain was ordered to arrive at the Anti-Kitira Strait, take on board the landing force from the cadets and be ready to land them in the port of Latakia (Syria) in order to protect Soviet citizens. He was appointed commander of a detachment of fire support ships. On June 7, in the Strait of Anti-Kitira, the Persistent took on board 100 cadets, replenished supplies and departed for a meeting point with a Syrian ship in the Latakia region. However, already on June 9, the threat of an Israeli tank breakthrough from the Golan Heights region disappeared and the need for landing troops disappeared. The threat of an attack on the naval bases of Baniyas, Tartus and Latakia remained, so the ship was faced with the task of carrying a radar patrol and issuing information about enemy forces at the command post of the Syrian Navy. For a month, the destroyer "Persistent" carried out patrol duty in the designated area. Then, for the duration of combat service, the ship was assigned to the newly formed 5th squadron of the Navy (Mediterranean squadron). Fleet Admiral V.A. Kasatonov, who was engaged in the formation of the squadron, left for Sevastopol at the end of June on the destroyer "Persistent". There "Persistent" was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet.
In 1968, the Military Council of the Northern Fleet recommended a promising formation commander, Captain 1st Rank I.M. Captain to study at the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces at the command department.
In 1970, he graduated with honors from the academy in the command-staff operational-strategic specialty and was appointed chief of staff - deputy commander of the 5th squadron of the Navy in the Mediterranean Sea (squadron commander Rear Admiral V.M. Leonenkov).
September 1, 1970 at the floating base "Kotelnikov" captain 1st rank I.M. The captain entered combat service, which lasted for him 900 days at sea during 1970-1973. In May 1972 he was awarded the military rank of Rear Admiral. The squadron headquarters constantly organized tracking of aircraft carriers of the US 6th Fleet, searched for nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic missiles of the US 16th squadron and was ready to plan and conduct an operation to combat ship groups and disrupt communications. The squadron command annually held joint combat training activities with the Egyptian and Syrian navies.
A significant contribution to the development of the theory and practice of military service was the "South" maneuvers, carried out in May 1971 under the leadership of the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A.A. Grechko. During the maneuvers, the combat service forces in the Mediterranean theater were faced with the task of continuously monitoring all detected submarines and aircraft carriers of the "enemy" in order to work out elements of a naval operation to combat ship groups, their massive search and tracking to neutralize and disrupt their attacks on Soviet targets . The Minister of Defense praised the actions of the squadron.
The effective independent activity of the deputy squadron commander in combat service was highly appreciated by the command, and in 1973 Rear Admiral I.M. The captain was appointed commander of the Kamchatka military flotilla.
In this position, during 1973-1978, Rear Admiral I.M. The captain proved to be a skillful organizer of the combat training of formations and units of the flotilla, providing and maintaining heterogeneous forces in high combat readiness, arranging the basing of ships and personnel. In 1975, after successful participation in the Ocean-75 maneuvers, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for success in combat and political training and in connection with the 30th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the Kamchatka military flotilla was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and I. M. Captain - the Order of Lenin.
The ships of the flotilla carried out combat service in the Indian Ocean, the Bering and Okhotsk Seas and in the zone of the Kuril Islands and ensured the operation of nuclear submarines in the North Pacific Ocean. Flotilla Commander I.M. The captain, being a senior in the North-East Pacific Ocean, solved tasks with attached nuclear submarines and naval missile-carrying aircraft to combat the ship groups of a potential enemy and anti-landing defense of the coast in the flotilla's area of responsibility.
In 1978, Vice Admiral I.M. The captain is appointed first deputy commander of the twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet. In the Baltic Fleet, located in the main strategic direction, the main task was to ensure close cooperation with all branches of the Armed Forces. In this regard, the main attention was paid to landing training. The main activities of the first deputy commander were: control over the ship's composition at sea, the effectiveness of missile firing, the fight against submarines, the preparation of the fleet forces for the landing of an amphibious assault, supervising capital construction in the fleet. He led the operational group of the fleet at the front-line exercises of the Baltic Military District and led the missile firing of the allied fleets. The Baltic Fleet also solved government tasks for the training of foreign crews, the acceptance and dispatch of ships to India, Libya, Algeria and Cuba.
According to the results of preparations for 1979, the Baltic Fleet was recognized as the best among the fleets and military districts of the USSR.
In 1981, Vice Admiral I.M. The captain is appointed commander of the Baltic Fleet. He pays special attention to the combat readiness of fleet units and formations and their ability to solve problems in fleet operations jointly with the naval forces of the PPR and the GDR and in cooperation with ground forces in the coastal direction.
At the strategic exercise "West-81" under the leadership of Minister of Defense D.F. Ustinov Vice Admiral I.M. Kapitanets successfully performs the most difficult task of preparing and conducting an amphibious landing operation with the landing of 2.5 thousand personnel and 1.5 thousand units of various equipment on a front of 18 kilometers with 75 amphibious vehicles. For the development of the theory of the amphibious landing operation and its implementation in practice during the exercise, he was awarded the Order of Nakhimov, 1st degree. This is the only case of awarding such an order in the post-war period.
In 1982, the commander of the Baltic Fleet I.M. The captain was given the military rank of Admiral. Being, according to the status of the Warsaw Pact, the commander of the United Baltic Fleet, which included the Baltic Fleet, the Polish Navy and the East German Navy, he was preparing the OBF forces for the first operation of the fleet and naval operations in cooperation with the ground forces.
In January 1984, Admiral I.M. The captain is sent to the Higher Academic Courses at the Military Academy of the General Staff. In 1985 he was appointed commander of the largest fleet of the Soviet Union - the Northern. After 16 years, Ivan Matveyevich returned to the fleet, which gave him a ticket to the naval service. Here, his naval abilities were fully revealed.
In the course of combat service, the fleet explored new areas of the oceans. The main efforts of the command were aimed at ensuring the deployment of nuclear submarines in the Atlantic to conduct maritime operations to combat ship groups in the fleet's area of responsibility and to ensure the combat stability of naval strategic nuclear forces. In particular, in 1987, Operation Atrina was carried out in the Northern Fleet with the aim of opening the patrol areas of nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic missiles by the NATO Navy in the Atlantic. During the operation, the division of nuclear submarines made a two-month joint campaign and confirmed the proposed patrol areas by nuclear submarines equipped with US and British ballistic missiles.
In 1987, the Northern Fleet participated in the competition for the championship of the Navy, where it won 11 prizes out of 16 established by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. Such results have not been achieved by any fleet in the entire history of the competition.
On March 19, 1988, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, Admiral I.M. The captain was appointed First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy V.N. Chernavin. In the same year, he was awarded the highest naval rank - "Admiral of the Fleet". Being the successor of the fleet admirals V.A. Kasatonova and N.I. Smirnov, Ivan Matveyevich repeatedly met with them, adopting the experience of these famous naval commanders in protecting the interests of the Navy at various levels.
An important moment in the activities of I.M. Kapitanets, as First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, began to participate in negotiations with US Secretary of Defense F. Carlucci, at which they discussed cooperation between the USSR and the USA in the military field based on the statement of M.S. Gorbachev on the creation of an international security system. In the future, he had to participate in negotiations with military delegations from Italy, Holland, Finland and other states. Contacts were established with the naval attaches of the USA, England, China, Turkey, Poland, Romania, Holland, and the GDR.
In 1989, Admiral of the Fleet I.M. Kapitanets headed the commission to establish the causes of the death of the nuclear submarine "K-278" "Komsomolets" and the development of a damage control system on the ships of the fleet. In 1989–1990, all fleets were tested during the summer and winter training periods. They were provided with substantial assistance in the struggle for the survivability of ships. The central departments of the Navy, the Central Design Bureau and Research Institute, the Naval Academy and higher naval schools were also involved in this work.
Years of service I.M. Captains in Moscow coincided with the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the fleet and army were going through a severe crisis. In 1990, he worked in the government commission for the settlement of complex relations between the Baltic republics and the USSR (chairman of the commission, vice-president of the USSR Academy of Sciences N. Laverov). He is entrusted with dealing with the forces of the fleet stationed in Estonia.
At the beginning of 1991, I.M. Kapitanets continued to work as a representative of the Minister of Defense of the USSR D.T. Yazov in Estonia, where he was again sent with the task of preventing discrimination against the Russian population. Also in the early 1990s, he was on his way to Ethiopia on a mission as a representative of the USSR Armed Forces.
In 1992, Admiral of the Fleet I.M. The captain was transferred to the reserve, having given the Navy 46 calendar years of service. Behind him was a number of the most dangerous situations in the oceans, from which Ivan Matveyevich always got out with honor, having completed the assigned tasks and retained the personnel and ships entrusted to him.
During the service of I.M. The captain took a great part in social work. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR, a deputy of the Kamchatka and Kaliningrad regional executive committees. He was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU at the XXVII Party Congress, a member of the bureau of the Kamchatka, Kaliningrad and Murmansk regional committees of the CPSU.

Since 1992, Ivan Matveyevich has been the chief specialist of the Marine Scientific Committee. He successfully combined rich practical experience of service in the Northern, Baltic and Pacific fleets of Russia with a deep scientific development of problems in the theory of the navy, the improvement and development of its combat and operational training, and use in peacetime and wartime.

From 2008 until the last days of his life, he was a leading analyst at the Office of Inspectors General of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

THEM. Kapitanets is the author of many articles on the theory of the navy, which were published in the Marine Collection and a number of newspapers. He has published 10 books on the Navy. Among them: "The Fleet in the Russo-Japanese War and Modernity" (2004), "The Battle for the World Ocean in the Cold War and Future Wars" (2002), "Strong Fleet - Strong Russia" (2006).
Fleet Admiral I.M. The captain was an honorary member of the Academy of Military Sciences (1995), head of the Naval Branch of the Academy of Military Sciences (2000). Laureate of the A.V. Suvorov and V.S. Pikul for the scientific work "In the service of the ocean fleet, 1946-1992. (Notes of the Commander of 2 Fleets)" (2002).
He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1975), Nakhimov I degree (1981), Red Star (1967), "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" III degree (1988), Courage (1996), many medals.

Kapitanets Ivan Matveevich (Fig. 49) - Soviet naval figure, admiral of the fleet.

Born on January 10, 1928 in the Neklyudovka farm, Kasharsky district, Rostov region. From a peasant family. Russian.

In the Navy since 1946, when he entered. Caspian Higher Naval School, which he graduated in 1950. Upon graduation, he was sent to the Northern Fleet, served as commander of the BCH-2 (artillery warhead) on the destroyer Grozny, since 1951 - commander of the BCH-2 destroyer "Okryleny", in 1953-1956 - senior assistant commander of the destroyer "Okryleny" . In 1957 he was a student of the Higher Special Officer Classes of the Navy in Leningrad.

Rice. 49.

He returned to the Northern Fleet and was appointed commander of the destroyer "Jerky", from 1958 - commander of the destroyer "Acute" (until 1961). In 1958, he performed combat missions to ensure air tests of nuclear weapons at the Novaya Zemlya test site.

Graduated from the Naval Academy in 1964. Appointed chief of staff of the 176th brigade of reserve ships of the Northern Fleet in 1964. Since 1966 - commander of the 170th separate brigade of destroyers of the Northern Fleet. Graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR named after K.E. Voroshilov in 1970. From 1970 to 1973, in the position of chief of staff - deputy commander of the 5th Mediterranean squadron of the Navy, he was at the place of permanent deployment of the squadron in the Mediterranean Sea. Since 1973 - commander of the Kamchatka flotilla of diverse forces of the Pacific Fleet.

Since 1978 - First Deputy Commander of the Baltic Fleet. Since February 1981 - Commander of the Baltic Fleet. Since February 1985 - Commander of the Northern Fleet. In March 1988, he was appointed First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 4, 1988, he was awarded the military rank of Admiral of the Fleet.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, he participated in the work of government delegations in negotiations with Estonia and other Baltic states as a military expert adviser. In 1992 he was a member of the State Commission for the Creation of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Since 1992 - retired.

In 1994-1996 - Deputy Director of the State Maritime Center under the Government of the Russian Federation. In 2013-2015 he was a member of the Scientific Council under the Security Council of the Russian Federation. He also works at the Academy of Military Sciences, since 2000 - Chairman of the Naval Department of the Academy, Honorary Academician of the Academy of Military Sciences. Active member of the Academy of Geopolitical Problems.

Deputy of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 11th convocation (1984-1989) from the Kaliningrad region. Member of the Supreme Council of the Lithuanian SSR (1979-1984). Member of the Kamchatka and Kaliningrad regional executive committees of the Soviets of People's Deputies. Candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1986-1990. At various times he was a member of the bureau of the Kaliningrad, Kamchatka and Murmansk regional committees of the CPSU.

Since 2008, he has been a leading analyst (general inspector) of the Office of General Inspectors of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

He was awarded the orders of Courage, Lenin, the October Revolution, Nakhimov 1st degree, the Red Star, "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree, medals.

Russia Type of army Years of service Rank

: Invalid or missing image

commanded Awards and prizes

Retired

Ivan Matveevich Captain(born January 10, Neklyudovka farm, Kasharsky district, Rostov region, USSR) - Soviet military leader, admiral of the fleet.

Biography

Awards

Order of Nakhimov 1st class
Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd class
Order of Courage (Russian Federation)
Medals

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Notes

Literature

M. M. Tkhagapsov. In the service of the Fatherland. - Maikop: LLC "Quality", 2015. - S. 180-181. - 262 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9703-0473-0.

Links

Military encyclopedia in 8 volumes. M.: Military publishing house, 1994-2004. - T.3.
V. D. DOTSENKO. Marine Biographical Dictionary. St. Petersburg: "LOGOS", 1995. - P.385.

High Admirals of the USSR

Fleet admirals Soviet Union

Fleet admirals

An excerpt characterizing Kapitanets, Ivan Matveevich

- Complete, complete, what are you? whispered frightened voices. Dolokhov looked at Pierre with bright, cheerful, cruel eyes, with the same smile, as if he were saying: “But I love this.” “I won’t,” he said clearly.
Pale, with a trembling lip, Pierre tore the leaf. - You ... you ... scoundrel! .. I challenge you, - he said, and moving his chair, he got up from the table. At the very second that Pierre did this and uttered these words, he felt that the question of the guilt of his wife, which had tormented him these last days, was finally and undoubtedly decided in the affirmative. He hated her and was forever broken from her. Despite Denisov's requests that Rostov not interfere in this matter, Rostov agreed to be Dolokhov's second, and after the table he spoke with Nesvitsky, Bezukhov's second, about the terms of the duel. Pierre went home, and Rostov, Dolokhov and Denisov sat in the club until late in the evening, listening to gypsies and song books.
- So see you tomorrow, in Sokolniki, - said Dolokhov, saying goodbye to Rostov on the porch of the club.
- Are you calm? Rostov asked...
Dolokhov stopped. “You see, I will tell you the whole secret of the duel in a few words. If you go to a duel and write wills and tender letters to your parents, if you think that you might be killed, you are a fool and probably lost; and you go with the firm intention of killing him as quickly and as quickly as possible, then everything is in order. As our Kostroma bear cub used to say to me: then, he says, how not to be afraid of a bear? Yes, as soon as you see him, and the fear has passed, as if it had not gone away! Well, so am I. A demain, mon cher! [See you tomorrow, my dear!]
The next day, at 8 o'clock in the morning, Pierre and Nesvitsky arrived at the Sokolnitsky forest and found Dolokhov, Denisov and Rostov there. Pierre looked like a man preoccupied with some considerations that had nothing to do with the upcoming business. His haggard face was yellow. He apparently didn't sleep that night. He absentmindedly looked around him and grimaced, as if from a bright sun. Two considerations exclusively occupied him: the guilt of his wife, in which after a sleepless night there was no longer the slightest doubt, and the innocence of Dolokhov, who had no reason to protect the honor of a stranger to him. “Perhaps I would have done the same in his place,” thought Pierre. Even I probably would have done the same; why this duel, this murder? Either I will kill him, or he will hit me in the head, in the elbow, in the knee. Get out of here, run away, bury yourself somewhere, ”it occurred to him. But precisely in those moments when such thoughts came to him. with a particularly calm and absent-minded air that inspired respect in those who looked at him, he asked: “Is it soon, and is it ready?”
When everything was ready, the sabers were stuck in the snow, meaning a barrier to which it was necessary to converge, and the pistols were loaded, Nesvitsky approached Pierre.
“I would not have fulfilled my duty, count,” he said in a timid voice, “and would not have justified the trust and honor that you did me by choosing me as your second, if I had not said at this important moment, a very important moment, you the whole truth. I believe that this case does not have enough reasons, and that it is not worth shedding blood for it ... You were wrong, not quite right, you got excited ...
“Oh yes, terribly stupid ...” said Pierre.
“So let me convey your regret, and I am sure that our opponents will agree to accept your apology,” said Nesvitsky (as did the other participants in the case and like everyone else in such cases, still not believing that it would come to a real duel) . “You know, Count, it is much nobler to admit one’s mistake than to bring the matter to the point of irreparable. There was no resentment on either side. Let me talk...
- No, what is there to talk about! - said Pierre, - all the same ... Is that ready? he added. “Just tell me how to go where, and where to shoot?” he said, smiling unnaturally meekly. - He took a pistol in his hands, began to ask about the method of descent, since he still did not hold a pistol in his hands, which he did not want to admit. “Oh yes, that’s right, I know, I just forgot,” he said.
“No apologies, nothing decisive,” Dolokhov said to Denisov, who, for his part, also made an attempt at reconciliation, and also approached the appointed place.
The place for the duel was chosen about 80 paces from the road where the sledges were left, in a small clearing of a pine forest, covered with snow that had melted from the last days of thaw. The opponents stood 40 paces apart, at the edges of the clearing. The seconds, measuring their steps, made footprints imprinted in the wet, deep snow from the place where they stood to the sabers of Nesvitsky and Denisov, which meant a barrier and were stuck in 10 steps from each other. The thaw and fog continued; nothing was visible for 40 steps. For about three minutes everything was already ready, and yet they hesitated to start, everyone was silent.

- Well, start! Dolokhov said.
“Well,” said Pierre, still smiling. - It was getting scary. It was obvious that the deed, which had begun so easily, could no longer be prevented by anything, that it proceeded by itself, already independently of the will of the people, and had to be accomplished. Denisov was the first to come forward to the barrier and proclaimed:
- Since the "opponents" refused to "imitate", wouldn't you like to start: take pistols and, according to the word t "and begin to converge.
- G ... "az! Two! T" and! ... - Denisov shouted angrily and stepped aside. Both walked along the trodden paths closer and closer, recognizing each other in the fog. The opponents had the right, converging to the barrier, to shoot whenever they wanted. Dolokhov walked slowly, without raising his pistol, peering with his light, shining, blue eyes into the face of his opponent. His mouth, as always, had a semblance of a smile on it.
- So when I want - I can shoot! - said Pierre, at the word three, he went forward with quick steps, straying from the beaten path and walking on solid snow. Pierre held the pistol, stretching his right hand forward, apparently afraid of lest he kill himself with this pistol. He diligently put his left hand back, because he wanted to support his right hand with it, but he knew that this was impossible. After walking six paces and straying off the path into the snow, Pierre looked around at his feet, again quickly looked at Dolokhov, and pulling his finger, as he had been taught, fired. Not expecting such a strong sound, Pierre flinched at his shot, then smiled at his own impression and stopped. The smoke, especially thick from the fog, prevented him from seeing at first; but the other shot he was waiting for did not come. Only Dolokhov's hurried steps were heard, and his figure appeared from behind the smoke. With one hand he held on to his left side, with the other he clutched a lowered pistol. His face was pale. Rostov ran up and said something to him.