Who was Rasputin really. Grigory Rasputin - biography and predictions from a legendary person

Biography
For a long time, historical information about Rasputin was not available to the general public. One could learn about him only from the Encyclopedic Dictionary: I Rasputin (New) Grigory Efimovich (1872-1916), a favorite of Nikolai2 and his wife Alexandra Fedorovna. A native of the peasants of the Tobolsk province, in his youth a horse thief. Posing as a Seer and Healer, he penetrated the court environment and gained great influence on state affairs. Killed in December 1916. monarchists. The curious contented themselves with this laconic characterization. Now we know much more
Rasputin's biography can be divided into two periods: life before coming to St. Petersburg and after. Little is known about the first stage of life in Siberia. He was born in the village of Pokrovsky, Tobolsk province, the youngest son in a prosperous, at that time, peasant family, a big house, a lot of land, cattle, horses. Rasputins is a village nickname that has been assigned to them almost officially. Its exact origin is unknown. Maybe from the words "debauchery", "crossroads", or maybe "unravel". The character of the father confirms this - he is not averse to drinking, and lives on a grand scale, and is country-savvy. He didn’t particularly deal with children, he didn’t force him to comprehend science, since he saw more sense in the school of life. The brothers Mikhail and Gregory live in freedom, their universities are a village, boundless expanses of fields and forests. They have something animal, wild, closely intertwined with an almost fanatical Orthodox faith. But they were not together for long. Once they played on the banks of the Tura River, but they finished playing that both of them flew into the water. The river is stormy, the current is strong, the water is cold, illness cannot be avoided. Mikhail was not saved, but Grigory was "prayed". Having recovered, he tells that the Mother of God herself appeared to him and ordered him to recover. This shocked the entire village. There, far from civilization, true, unshakable faith flourishes. The simplicity of morals does not prevent us from earnestly praying, observing all rituals, and reverently appealing to the healing power of nature. Rough carnal reality coexists with the most exalted spiritual feelings. After his recovery, Gregory often reflects on his healing. He is sure that he was blessed by the powers of heaven. This is how his spiritual development begins.
Having matured, he is more and more drawn to wanderings, to those who are called "old men", God's people. Perhaps this is the result of the exciting stories of wanderers who found shelter in the Rasputin house, or perhaps a true vocation. Gregory listens to the messengers not of this world, opening his eyes wide. His dream is to become just like them. He annoys his parents with talk that God calls him to wander the wide world and his father, agreeing, finally blesses him. Gregory begins with the surrounding villages, marveling at all the hardships and humiliations that fall to the lot of God's people.
At nineteen, he marries the beautiful Praskovya Dubrovina, whom he meets at a church festival. At first, their family life proceeds peacefully, but Gregory's reputation is not so pure, besides, he is deeply worried about the death of his first child. In 1892 he was accused of stealing stakes from the monastery fence and expelled from the village for a year. He spends this time wandering, making pilgrimages to holy places, where he learns the Holy Scriptures and literacy from the elders. He goes without a definite goal, from monastery to monastery, sleeps with monks and peasants, feeds on the occasion from other people's tables, thanks the owners with prayers and predictions. In 1893 goes to Greece, and upon returning to Russia to Valaam, Solovki, to Optina Hermitage and other shrines of the Orthodox Church. During brief visits to his home, he diligently takes care of the household and at the same time restores his strength to go on new wanderings. His visits were marked by the birth of three children: Dmitry in 1895, Matrena (Maria) in 1898 and Varvara in 1900.
Rasputin's life is full of black and white stripes. Either he is pure, like an angel, or he rushes to extremes, gives free rein to his broad nature. For some, he is a clairvoyant and healer, for others he is a penitent sinner, for others, just like him, a spiritual teacher. Bad fame, intertwined with the glory of the ascetic and the elder, reaches the capital. He is accused of belonging to a sect of whippers, but not finding sufficient evidence, the case is closed.
What brought "Elder Gregory" to Petersburg? Perhaps a wider field of activity. It is not the brilliance of the capital that attracts him, but the presence of higher clergy. Next to them, he could improve the talent of a healer, a true believer. He is sure that he is acting according to the will of the Lord.
The second stage begins. In the spring of 1903 34-year-old Rasputin arrives in St. Petersburg. Here are some of the main dates of this period.
November 1, 1905 Grand Duchesses Milica and Anastasia, daughters of Prince Nikolai Chernogorsky, arrange an informal meeting between Rasputin and the Emperor and Empress at their Znamensky estate.
November 15, 1906 Rasputin's first official meeting with the Sovereign. The king notes that he "makes an impression."
October 1907 the first healing of the prince.
Early 1911 trip to the Holy Land. Rasputin described her impressions in his notes entitled "My thoughts and reflections."
Summer 1911 return to St. Petersburg.
On September 1, 1912, the imperial family leaves for Poland, to Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
On October 2, a sharp deterioration in the health of the Tsarevich.
October 12, noon The Empress telegraphs Rasputin about this, who prayerfully helps. Answer: "The disease is not so terrible. Don't let the doctors get pissed off!"
In 1914 Rasputin settles in his own apartment on the street. Gorohova, 64.
June 29, 1914 assassination attempt on Rasputin.
January 2, 1915 an accident with A. Vyrubova, her healing by Rasputin.
November 22, 1916 conspiracy against Rasputin.
Night from 16 to 17 December 1916. the murder of G.E. Rasputin in the palace of Prince Yusupov.
It should be noted that Rasputin alternated his life in St. Petersburg with regular visits to Pokrovsky, at least once a year he was at home. There he took refuge as soon as his position in society became unfavorable.
Arrival to Petersburg.
Rasputin's fame preceded him, the rumor about his ascetic life reached the capital and became known to the highest spiritual ranks. Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, thanks to a letter of recommendation, he is received by His Holiness Feofan, inspector of the Theological Academy, who sees in him a true son of the Russian land, an original Christian, not a church man, but a man of God. Rasputin impresses not only with his spirituality, but also with his appearance. A. Troyat describes it most vividly:
"A man of high stature, thin, with long and straight hair, a shaggy beard, a scar on his forehead. A face cut with wrinkles, a wide nose with flaring nostrils. Most of all, his eyes attract attention. does not cover the hips. Wide trousers are tucked into boots with high tops. Despite the rustic style, he feels comfortable and at ease in any society "Of course, such a person could not go unnoticed in the capital. Under the patronage of the episcopal mantle of Vladyka Feofan, he was given access first to the St. Petersburg high society spiritual circles, then through their influential representatives to the palace of Prince Nikolai Nikolaevich. His reputation was confirmed by the meeting with John of Kronstadt and the fact that Bishop Feofan was the confessor of the Empress.
Undoubtedly, Rasputin would not have been able to break through to the "top" so quickly if there had not been appropriate circumstances for this. In a word, he was lucky. These are the circumstances.
Firstly, the spirituality of the Empress, deep faith and trust in her confessor, who in her eyes had not only personal, but also church authority. Rasputin did not raise doubts among the Empress, also because he constituted precisely that phenomenon of Russian life, which especially attracted the Empress, who saw in him the embodiment of the images with which she first became acquainted in Russian spiritual literature.
Secondly, the character of the Emperor, his trust in his wife and religiosity.
Thirdly, church authorities were looking for a way to shake the minds of believers, corrupted by Western influence. In their eyes, Rasputin was that good genius, able to connect believers with heaven, and the people with the king.
However, for most people Rasputin was not an "old man". This was confirmed by his way of life, which allowed him to live in the capital, visit his many acquaintances, while real elders live in monasteries, secluded in their cells. People did not know what to think of him, since many of his actions were inexplicable to them: healing the sick, mysterious predictions, influence on the illness of the Tsarevich.
That is why Petersburg at first took a middle position with regard to Rasputin, not having a complete understanding of him and preferring to treat him with confidence, so as not to "sin" before God, than to openly condemn him. Many were simply afraid of Rasputin and did not deny his influence on others, but for lack of explanation they were afraid to condemn him.
Rasputin's relationship with the royal family.
The decisive factor in the attitude of the Royal family towards Rasputin was that he healed the prince. As you know, the heir Tsarevich Alexei Nikolayevich suffered from hemophilia. This disease was transmitted through the maternal line and was expressed in poor blood clotting. Each bruise could lead to internal hemorrhage, each wound could become life-threatening. Naturally, like any mother, this torments the empress, she feels guilty about this and seeks to redeem her. When it turned out that Rasputin, through suggestion, coped better with the manifestations of this disease than all the specialist doctors, which created a completely special position for Elder Grigory. The Empress sees in him a person on whom, in the truest sense of the word, the life of her beloved son depends.
In addition, for Their Majesties, Rasputin was a living representative of the people, the embodiment of the peasantry, a small person. They were struck by his manner of carrying himself, which in relation to another person would be considered indecent. His rustic accent, unceremoniousness, clumsiness - all this turned in his favor. His behavior was directly opposite to the manner of court circles, imbued with the sole purpose of making a favorable impression on the Sovereign. Against the background of their pretense, his sincerity and innocence were striking in their naturalness and were undeniable. They were not "made", this is explained by Rasputin's simple ideas about the Tsar, typical of the Russian peasant. For him He is the source of mercy and truth. Here is what Prince N.D. writes about this. Zhevakhov: "Rasputin's love for the Tsar, bordering on adoration, was really unfeigned, and there is no contradiction in recognizing this fact. The Tsar could not help but feel this love, which he appreciated doubly, because it came from someone who appeared in His eyes not only the embodiment of the peasantry, but also its spiritual power "He did not deceive the trust of the emperor and gradually" a connection arose between the Sovereign and Rasputin on purely religious grounds: the Sovereign saw in him only an "old man" and, like many sincerely religious people, was afraid to break this connection with the slightest distrust to Rasputin, so as not to anger God. This connection grew stronger and was supported as much by the conviction of Rasputin's undoubted devotion, as, subsequently, by bad rumors about his behavior, which the sovereign did not believe, because they came from unbelieving people ... ".
After the first meeting with Rasputin, the Sovereign only noted that he "makes a great impression." Subsequently, he was of the opinion that Gregory was a man of "pure faith." Nevertheless, not trusting the "old man" as much as Alexandra Feodorovna, Nicholas II instructs General V.N. Dedulin, commandant of the palace, and his assistant to subject Rasputin to a biased but courteous interrogation. In their opinion, he is a cunning and false man; further reports from secret agents report an impostor, a false preacher, revealing who he is in real life. Members of the royal family are also trying to open the sovereign's eyes to what is happening. He patiently listens to everything, but at the same time does not take any action against Rasputin. As for the Empress, she did not believe the rumors that were spreading more and more around Rasputin, since she considered them slander and because of this she refused to lose a person who knew how to overcome her son’s illness with a few words. Despite further revelations, for the Royal Family (i.e. for the Emperor, the Empress and their children) Rasputin forever remained a saint, and nothing could force them to change this belief.
Rasputin's influence on politics.
There are many versions regarding this controversial issue. It is probably impossible to list everything. Let us dwell only on the main and most famous.
Initially, Rasputin used his proximity to the court only to interfere in church affairs, in which he was helped by close relations with Feofan and Hermogenes. But as word of its influence spreads, various clever people decide to use it to achieve their goals. This leads to the fact that Rasputin organizes official receptions. He settles in an apartment on the street. Gorokhovaya, where he accepts both those who come with material offerings and those in need of financial assistance. Gradually, Rasputin himself, as he ascended, began to develop ambition. To play a prominent role, to be revered for an omnipotent power, to be on the same level with people who are much higher in social position - all this reinforced his pride, and he even took on such cases, the arrangement of which did not bring him personal benefit. This continued until the beginning of 1915, when the "little people" began to use Rasputin for personal purposes to advance in the service, promising him "great blessings" for leading them to the top of power. One of the first was Prince Shakhovskoy, who achieved through Rasputin the appointment of Minister of Trade and Industry. Naturally, such activities of Rasputin could not but cause indignation in a revolutionary-minded society, given that his personality was perceived mostly negatively.
However, the question remains whether Rasputin was used by people only for personal purposes, or did he fall into the hands of agents of Russia's enemies? There is a version that he was an agent of Germany and was at one with the Empress on the issue of a separate peace. But it is unlikely that such a simple man as Rasputin was capable of any political actions - it would be too "abstruse" for him, would be contrary to his nature.
In fact, Rasputin had no direct influence on Russian policy. It was expressed, firstly, in a detrimental, in the opinion of most contemporaries, effect on the empress, and through her on the Sovereign. Rodzianko explains the power of Rasputin's influence with his hypnotizing abilities: "By the power of his hypnotism, he inspired the tsarina with an unshakable, invincible faith in himself and that he was God's chosen one, sent down to save Russia." Other political figures adhere to the same opinion: M. Paleolog, Zhevakhov, hieromonk Iliodor and others. Secondly, this influence was manifested in letters where he gave advice or simply supported the Tsar. His sayings and predictions are also known, later confirmed: "I will be, there will be both the Tsar and Russia, and if I don't exist, neither the Tsar nor Russia will be"; On August 29, 1911, standing in the crowd, past which Stolypin was passing, Rasputin suddenly exclaimed: "Death has come for him, here she is, here!"; he also predicted his own death: "They will kill me, they will kill me, and in three months the Tsar's Throne will also collapse."
Rasputin never tried to refute the words about his strength among the kings, but rather was proud of this and confirmed his deeds: for example, during his orgies he boasted that the queen embroidered shirts for him and thus gave rise to gossip. He acted naively and did not foresee the consequences of his actions. Rasputin did not need Tsarist power, but his position under the Tsar alone was enviable and became the reason for his own murder.
Most likely, the words of Professor S. S. Oldenburg are the most objective: "Rasputin himself did not claim any political influence, but for the enemies of the Emperor he turned out to be the point of application of a skillful slanderous campaign that completely distorted the true state of things" Interestingly, the opponents of the monarchy were also opponents Rasputin. Most of the attacks came from the monarchists, who saw in him "an inextinguishable lamp in the royal chambers" and the cause of all the troubles of Russia, both in foreign and domestic policy.
It would probably be fair to slightly change the well-known aphorism and say: how many people, so many judgments about Rasputin.
The Empress refused to submit to fate. She kept talking about the ignorance of the doctors. She turned to religion, and her prayers were filled with despair, The stage was set for the appearance of Rasputin.
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich.
Truly, there is nothing more talented than a talented Russian peasant. What a peculiar, what an original type! Rasputin is an absolutely honest and kind person who always wants to do good and willingly distributes money to those in need.
Count S.Yu.Witte
If the Sovereign had obeyed Rasputin and concluded that same Brest-Litovsk peace, then there would have been no revolution in Russia.
Zinaida Shakhovskaya.
The first revolution and the counter-revolutionary epoch that followed it revealed the whole essence of the tsarist monarchy, brought it to the "last line", revealed all its rottenness, all the cynicism and depravity of the tsar's gang with the monstrous Rasputin at its head, all the atrocities of the Romanov family - these pogromists who flooded Russia blood.
V.I.Lenin.
Without Rasputin, there would be no Lenin.
A.F. Kerensky.
He is all fictional, he lived in a legend, he died in a legend, and in memory he will be clothed in a legend. A semi-literate man, a royal adviser, a sinner and a prayer book, a werewolf with the name of God on his lips.
N.A. Taffy.
Conclusion
There are at least three myths about Rasputin.
"A fiend of hell, a selfish man who brought Russia to collapse with his entourage" - this is how Rasputin appears in the first myth.
"Demon", "Second Cardinal Richelieu", an eternally drunk and lecherous man with a mysterious Russian soul - this is a favorite myth of foreign authors.
"A talented Russian peasant who saved Russia and the royal throne and was killed by Masons" is a modern myth.
Who was Rasputin really? "Cunning and innocence, suspiciousness and childish gullibility, severe feats of asceticism and reckless revelry, and above all this, fanatical devotion to the Tsar and contempt for his fellow peasant, all this coexisted in his nature, and, really, either intent or thoughtlessness is needed in order to to attribute crimes to Rasputin where only the manifestation of his peasant nature was affected" - these, in my opinion, are the words that most accurately characterize Rasputin's personality.
Rasputin was not a saint, and this was the tragedy of the Royal Family and Russia. For those who were healed by him, he remained a saint forever. So he was in the eyes of A. A. Vyrubova, predicting her an unhappy marriage, and then healing her; he was like that in the eyes of Their Majesties, who reckoned with his beneficial effect on the illness of the heir to the crown prince. The witnesses of his drunken orgies, who once saw him in a tavern, dancing "Kamarinskaya", had a completely opposite impression. What did those who saw both think? There were almost no such people, because both sides ruled out the possibility of the presence of both extremes in Rasputin. And only we, who evaluate this person after more than 80 years, can take a fair position of the "golden mean" regarding her, taking into account both views. On the one hand, Rasputin was a simple man. For him, there is no difference between St. Petersburg and the countryside - everywhere he behaves the same way, ignoring the laws of society and the elementary rules of decency. On the other hand, there is something intriguing, mysterious in his personality. His strange religiosity, which combines a thirst for pleasure with unyielding faith, his physical strength, and finally, "indestructibility" of any poison - all this involuntarily inspires awe. Is there something native in these features, close to every Russian soul? Probably, in any corner of Russia there is a similar "Rasputin", and every Russian has inherited some of his features. Perhaps because of these qualities, Russians remain misunderstood, "wild" for other nations, and this sets our country apart in the world community.
Rasputin is accused of influencing politics and the tsar. If he really possessed such, then his death should have changed the situation, but this did not happen, and passions escalated even more and "splashed" into the revolution. If the name of Rasputin is so significant in history, why then are the current new “rasputins” not noticed, the influence of which is a thousand times more pernicious and significant? It is they who are the destroyers, and not a simple Russian peasant, for whom political intrigues have always been in the first place, but delicious food and women.
The personality of Rasputin, born of time, mysteriously came, mysteriously disappeared, closing another page in the history of Russia.

Grigory Efimovich Rasputin(1864 or 1865, according to other sources, 1872-1916) - a peasant of the Tobolsk province, who became famous for " divination" and "healing". Favorite of Emperor Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, seer, folk healer, adventurer. Zodiac sign - Aquarius.

Grigory Efimovich Rasputin was born January 21 (January 9 according to the old style), 1869 in the village of Pokrovskoye, now the Tyumen region, in the family of a peasant E. Novykh.

At the end of the 19th century, he joined the Khlysty sect. Under the guise of a religious fanatic, he led a wild life; received the nickname "Rasputin", which later became his last name. By 1902, he became known as the Siberian "prophet" and "holy old man." In 1904 - 1905 he entered the houses of the highest St. Petersburg aristocracy, in 1907 - in the royal palace.

Grigory Efimovich managed to convince Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna that only he, with his prayers, could save the heir, Alexei, who was ill with hemophilia, and provide "divine" support for the reign of Nicholas II. Rasputin enjoyed unlimited influence on Nicholas II. On the advice of the "miracle worker", even the highest state officials were appointed and removed. and church administrations; he carried out financial “combinations” that were beneficial for himself, provided “protection” for bribes, etc.

Surrounded by a crowd of admirers, an erotomaniac, Rasputin used his power and high-society connections for unbridled debauchery, which became widely known in Russia . In an effort to save the royal power from discredit, the monarchists F. F. Yusupov, V. M. Purishkevich and Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich killed Grigory Rasputin.

"Rasputinism" was a vivid manifestation of the collapse and degeneration of the tsarist regime, the entire ruling elite of the Russian Empire. (Russian historian Kornely Fedorovich Shatsillo)

A few minutes later, not believing his luck, Yusupov returned once again to make sure that Grigory Rasputin was no more.

Rasputin "... first opened one eye , then another, and under his stubborn gaze, Prince Yusupov involuntarily froze. I really wanted to run, but my legs refused to serve. Rasputin looked at his killer for a long time. Then he clearly said:

But tomorrow, Felix, you will be hanged...

Yusupov was silent, spellbound. And suddenly, with one sharp movement, Grigory Efimovich jumped to his feet. ("He was terrible: foam on the lips, hands convulsively hitting the air"). He often repeated:

Felix... Felix... Felix... Felix...

He rushed at Yusupov and grabbed his throat.

A terrible, dramatic struggle ensued.

“Purishkevich, come here soon! Yusupov pleaded.

Felix, Felix... hang! howled Rasputin.

“Crawling on his stomach and on his knees, wheezing and growling like a wild animal, Grigory Rasputin quickly climbed the steps. Pulling himself up, he made a jump and found himself near a secret door leading to the courtyard ... " ... The exit door was closed. And the key to it was in Yusupov's pocket.

Rasputin pushed her, and she ... opened.

Pikul V.S. Unclean Force: A novel in two books. T.2. - M.: Panorama, 1992, p.309.

“What I saw below might seem like a dream if it weren’t a terrible reality: Grigory Rasputin, whom I contemplated half an hour ago with his last gasp, waddling from side to side, quickly ran through the loose snow in the courtyard of the palace along the iron grating that went out into the street...” The heart-rending cry of the fleeing man reached Purishkevich’s ears:

Felix, Felix, tomorrow I'll tell the Tsaritska everything...

Purishkevich first blurted out into the sky (just like that, to relieve tension). He overtook Rasputin, getting his boots into his own footprints in the snow. Noticing the pursuit, Grishka ran faster. The distance is twenty paces. Stop.

Aim. The battle. Shot. Recoil at the elbow. Past.

What the hell! I don't recognize myself...

Rasputin was already at the gate leading out into the street.

Shot - again past. "Or is he really conspiratorial?"

Purishkevich bit his left hand painfully to concentrate. Thunder shot - right in the back. Rasputin raised his hands above himself and stopped, looking at the sky...

Another shot - right in the head. Grigory Rasputin whirled like a top in the snow, shaking his head sharply, as if he had got out of the water after swimming. And at the same time, it sank lower and lower. Finally he collapsed heavily into the snow, but still continued to jerk his head. Purishkevich, running up to him, cracked Grishka in the temple with the toe of his boot. Rasputin scraped the frozen crust, making attempts to crawl away to the gates, and gnashed his teeth terribly. Purishkevich did not leave him until he died.”

Purishkevich and Yusupov went down to the basement, while Yusupov's guards were dragging the body.

“Purishkevich and the soldiers recoiled in horror when they saw that Rasputin began to stir. “Turned face up, he was wheezing, and I could clearly see how the pupil of his right, open eye rolled back ...” Unexpectedly, the dead man’s teeth chattered loudly, like a dog ready to pounce on the enemy. At the same time, Rasputin began to stand on all fours. A full blow to the temple with a kettlebell finished off his attempt to revive him. Coming into a violent frenzy, Yusupov now regularly raised himself above himself and rhythmically, like a hammer fighter, lowered a rubber weight on Rasputin's head.

“Purishkevich cheered himself up with a glass of cognac, tore off the red damask curtains from the windows. With the help of soldiers, he tightly swaddled Grishka for his last cradle. Rasputin was tied so tightly that his knees pulled up to his chin, then the soldiers tied the sack with the corpse with ropes ... "

The corpse of Grigory Rasputin was taken to the Bolshoi Petrovsky Bridge across the Neva and four men threw the corpse into the hole. It was less than five in the morning.

“Grigory Rasputin ate as many as ten centigrams of potassium cyanide with wine and cakes, which made his throat “stingy”; during the party he was properly treated with bullets; for dessert, they repeatedly served a rubber pear, with which you can dump a bull. But the heart the horse thief continued to knock under water - in the hole ... " Pikul V.S. Unclean Force: A novel in two books. T.2. - M.: Panorama, 1992, p.314.

Grigory Rasputin had a huge influence on the royal family. A group of conspirators consisting of Felix Yusupov, Vladimir Purishkevich, Prince Dmitry Pavlovich and British intelligence captain Reiner decided to kill the "tsar's friend".

They shot at Rasputin, tried to poison him, but all attempts were unsuccessful. The conspirators were still able to carry out their plan: on the night of December 17, 1916, they tied Rasputin and drowned him in Malaya Nevka near Krestovsky Island.

The death of Rasputin entailed fatal consequences for the royal family. In life the old man attributed all the mistakes of Nicholas II to the influence of Rasputin. When that was gone, the people began to blame the king. Thus, the death of Rasputin influenced the onset of the February Revolution, the abdication of the throne and the death of the emperor.

There are a lot of versions and details about the murder, one of which is something like this: one of the killers, Felix Yusupov, had homosexual tendencies. He repeatedly tried to get closer to Rasputin, but failed. Rasputin was treated to poisoned wine and pie. When Rasputin began to lose consciousness from the poison beginning to act, Yusupov first raped him, and then fired four times from a pistol. Rasputin fell to the floor, but was alive. Then Grigory Rasputin was castrated. His severed penis was later found by a servant.

Rasputin's daughter, Matryona kept her father's genitals as a great treasure until her death in 1977. In 2004, the head of the Prostate Research Center, Igor Knyazkin, opened the Museum of Erotica in St. Petersburg. Rasputin, where among the exhibits of the museum there is also a jar with Rasputin's canned penis.

More about Grigory Rasputin in literature Literature[Latin lit (t) eratura, literally - written] - works of writing that are of public importance (for example, fiction, scientific literature, epistolary literature).

More often, literature is understood as artistic literary production (fiction; the correspondence in the 19th century is “belles-lettres”). In this sense, literature is a phenomenon of art (“the art of the word”), aesthetically expressing social consciousness and, in turn, shaping it. :

• Iliodor (Trufanov S.), Holy devil, M., 1917;
• Kovyl-Bobyl I., The whole truth about Rasputin, P.,;
• Beletsky S. P., Grigory Rasputin. [From notes], P., 1923;
• Paleolog M., Rasputin. Memoirs, M., 1923;
• Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich, The Murder of Rasputin (From the diary), M., 1923;
• Semennikov V.P., Politics of the Romanovs on the eve of the revolution, M. - L., 1926;
• The last temporary worker of the last tsar, "Questions of History", 1964, No. 10, 12, 1965, No. 1, 2;
• Solovyov M. E., How and by whom was Rasputin killed?, Questions of History, 1965, No. 3.

• see others

Name: Grigory Rasputin

Age: 47 years old

Place of Birth: with. Pokrovskoe

Place of death: St. Petersburg

Activity: peasant, friend of Tsar Nicholas II, seer and healer

Family status: was married

Grigory Rasputin - Biography

A long time ago, back in the 17th century, Izosim Fedorov's son came to the Siberian village of Pokrovskoye and "came to the arable land." His children received the nickname "Rasputa" - from the word "crossroads", "crossroads", "crossroads". From them came the Rasputin family.

Childhood

In the middle of the 19th century, a son was born to the coachman Efim and his wife Anna Rasputin. He was baptized on January 10, the day of memory of St. Gregory of Nyssa, in whose honor he was named. Grigory Rasputin subsequently hid his exact age and clearly exaggerated it in order to better match the image of the “old man”.

Grisha Rasputin was born frail, did not differ in health and special strength. As a child, he did not know how to read and write - there was no school in the village, but he was trained in peasant labor from childhood. He married a girl from a neighboring village, Praskovya, who bore him three children: Matryona, Varvara and Dmitry. Everything would be fine, but Gregory was tormented by illness: in the spring he did not sleep for forty days, he suffered from insomnia, and even urinated on the bed.

There were no doctors in the village, sorcerers and healers did not help. One road remained for a simple Russian peasant - to the saints, to atone for sins. I went to the Verkhotursky Monastery. With this, the transformation of Grigory Rasputin began.

Rasputin: in fasting and prayers

The saints helped: Grigory Rasputin abandoned drunkenness and meat-eating. He set off on wanderings, endured a lot, tortured himself with fasting. I didn’t change my clothes for six months, I wore chains for three years. He met with murderers and saints, talked about life. At home in the stable, he even dug a cave in the form of a grave - at night he hid in it and prayed.

Then the villagers noticed something strange in Rasputin: Grigory walks around the village, waving his arms, muttering to himself, shaking his fist at someone. And once in the cold in one shirt, like a madman, he ran all night, calling people to repentance. In the morning I fell at the fence and lay unconscious for a day. The villagers got excited: what if their Grishka really is a man of God? Many believed, they began to go for advice, for a cure. Even a small community gathered.

Grigory Rasputin - Lighter of the Royal Icons

In the early 1900s, Grigory and his family arrived in St. Petersburg. I met with the bishop, Father Sergius, the future patriarch. A thread was pulled, high-society doors began to open in front of the Siberian healer, right up to the palace doors. And after he was awarded the title of "igniter of the royal lamps", even the fashion went around the capital: not to visit Rasputin is as ashamed as not to hear Chaliapin.

According to another version, it all started in the Kyiv Lavra. Grigory was chopping firewood in the yard, looking terrible, all in black. Two pilgrims approached him, who turned out to be the Montenegrin princesses Milica and Stana, got to know each other, got into a conversation. Grishka boasted that he knew how to heal with his hands, he spoke any disease.

Then the sisters remembered the heir. They reported to the queen, and Rasputin pulled out his lucky ticket: the empress called him to her. The grief of a mother who has a terminally ill child in her arms is easy to understand. There were quite a few of God's people, both domestic and foreign, at the court. The queen clutched at every opportunity like a straw. And here comes a friend!

The debut of the sorcerer Gregory stunned many. The prince had severe nosebleeds. The "old man" pulled out a lump of oak bark from his pocket, crushed it and covered the boy's face with a mass. Doctors only threw up their hands: the blood stopped almost instantly! And Rasputin healed with his hands. He puts his palms on the sore spot, holds a little and says: "Go." He also healed with a word: he would whisper, whisper, and the pain would be removed as if by hand. Even at a distance, on the phone.

Grigory Rasputin: the power of sight

Grigory knew how to recognize people right off the bat. He will look frowningly - and he already knows what kind of person is in front of him, a decent person or the last scoundrel.

His heavy hypnotic gaze subjugated many. The omnipotent Stolypin kept himself on the verge of reason only by force of will. The future killer of Rasputin, Prince Yusupov, lost consciousness upon meeting him. And women simply went crazy from Grishka's strength, they became slaves regardless of age and position in the world, they were ready to lick honey from their boots.

Grigory Rasputin - predictions and prophecies

Rasputin also had another amazing gift - to see the future, and there are eyewitness accounts of this.

For example, Bishop Feofan of Poltava, confessor of the Empress, said: “At that time, the squadron of Admiral Rozhdestvensky was sailing. So we asked Rasputin: "Will the meeting with the Japanese be successful?" Rasputin answered this: "I feel in my heart, he will drown ..." And this prediction later came true in the battle of Tsushima.

Once, while in Tsarskoye Selo, Gregory did not allow the imperial family to dine in the dining room. He said to go to another room, because the chandelier might fall. He was obeyed. And two days later the chandelier really fell...

They say that the elder left behind 11 pages of prophecies. Among them is a terrible disease, which is described as similar to AIDS, and sexual promiscuity, and even an invisible killer - radiation. Rasputin wrote - of course, allegorically - and about the invention of television and mobile phones.

He was praised and feared at the same time: where did he get a gift from God or from the Devil? But the king and queen believed Gregory. Only the nobility whispered: Grishka's demonic phone number is "64 64 6". Hidden in it is the number of the Beast from the Apocalypse.

And then everything collapsed, taking the ground from under their feet. Admirers have become the worst enemies. Rasputin, who only yesterday played with fate, became a hindrance in someone else's game.

Grigory Rasputin: Life after death

On December 17 (December 30, according to a new style), 1916, Grigory arrived at a party at the Yusupov Palace on the Moika. The reason for the visit was far-fetched: Felix's wife, Irina, allegedly wanted to meet the "old man". He was met by former friends: Prince Felix Yusupov, State Duma deputy Vladimir Purishkevich, member of the royal family, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich Romanov, Lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Sergei Sukhotin and military doctor Stanislav Lazovert.

First, the conspirators invited Gregory to the basement - they treated him to Madeira and cakes with potassium cyanide. Then they shot, beat with a weight, stabbed with a knife ... However, the "old man", as if charmed, continued to live. He tore off the epaulette from Yusupov's uniform and tried to escape, but he was caught. They tied me up and lowered me under the ice into the ice hole on Malaya Nevka, not far from Kamenny Island. Divers found the body three days later. Rasputin's lungs were full of water - he managed to untie his bonds and almost escaped, but failed to break through the thick ice.

At first, they wanted to bury Gregory in his homeland, in Siberia. Yes, but they were afraid to take the body across all of Russia - they buried it in Tsarskoye Selo, then in Pargolovo. Later, on the orders of Kerensky, Rasputin's body was exhumed and burned in the boiler room of the Polytechnic Institute. But they did not rest on this either: they scattered the ashes in the wind. They were afraid of the "old man" even after his death.

With the murder of Rasputin, the royal family also split, everyone quarreled because of him. Clouds were gathering over the country. But the "old man" warned the emperor:

“If the nobles, your relatives, kill me, then none of your children will live even two years. The Russian people will kill them."

That's how it turned out. Of the children of Rasputin himself, only Matryona survived. Son Dmitry with his wife and the widow of Grigory Efimovich disappeared in Siberian exile already under Soviet rule. Daughter Barbara suddenly died of consumption. And Matrena went to France, and then to the USA. She worked as a dancer in a cabaret, and as a governess, and as a tamer. The poster read: "Tigers and the Mad Monk's Daughter, Whose Exploits in Russia Surprised the World."

Recently, a film about the life of Grigory Rasputin was released on the screens of the country. The film is based on historical materials. The role of Grigory Rasputin was played by a famous actor. 8133

Grigory Rasputin is truly one of the most mystical and mysterious personalities who is so firmly imprinted on the pages of the history of the Russian Empire. Until now, disputes about his influence on the royal family, and on the course of history as a whole, have not subsided. Some historians call the great "old man" a charlatan and an impostor, others believe in his holiness and power, others talk about magic and hypnosis...

Well, let's try and figure out who Grishka Rasputin really was - the spiritual mentor and friend of the tsar or the enemy "infiltrated" who doomed the royal family to death.

Youth of Rasputin

The life of Grigory Rasputin is full of mysteries and contradictions. Even the year of the elder's birth is not exactly known; in various historical sources, it ranges from 1864 to 1869.

Grigory Rasputin was born in the village of Pokrovskoye, Tobolsk province, into a family of peasants Yefim and Anna Rasputin. The family was prosperous for those times, had a lot of land and a full yard of cattle.

Many children were born in this family, but few survived to adulthood. Yes, and Gregory grew up as a sickly child, incapable of hard work. A rough appearance and large, unattractive features betrayed a peasant in him. But already then there was some mysterious power and magnetism in him, which so attracted young beauties to his person.

And his eyes were unusual, "magical and alluring with their hypnotic gaze, like devilish black eyes" ...

When the time came to get married, Gregory chose a bride from a neighboring village named Praskovya, a woman, though not very beautiful, but hard-working.

After all, there was absolutely no sense in Grishka's household. She gave birth to Rasputin three children: Dimitri, Matryona and Varvara.

Rasputin and the royal family

All historians and biographers of Rasputin are still interested in the main question - how an uneducated, rude dork could get close to the royal family and even influence the political decisions of Nicholas II. He became an intermediary between the common people and the king. And also Grigory Rasputin, an ordinary peasant without a medical education, was just a miracle doctor for Tsarevich Alexei, who suffered from a rare genetic disease, hemophilia. This simple man was adored by Alexandra Fedorovna herself, for whom Grisha was considered both a preacher and a psychologist in one person. He was honest and sincere with them, loved the entire royal family and became a true friend and protector of the entire dynasty. But a logical question arises - how could a commoner gain the trust of Nicholas II and his entire couple? How did he manage to approach and infiltrate the imperial residence and soul? With this we ourselves will try to figure it out.

Arriving in 1903 in the cultural capital of Russia, the city of St. Petersburg, a certain Grigory Rasputin begins to spread rumors about himself as a healer and seer, and his mysterious and even frightening appearance was proof of this. Since the wife of Tsar Alexandra Fedorovna in 1904 gave birth to a son with congenital hemophilia, the whole court was looking for a savior for Tsarevich Alexei, who was suffering from constant seizures. Grigory Rasputin, a commoner with super powers, became such a miracle savior.

The illness of the only heir was carefully hidden from the people, so no one understood and interpreted the strange connection between an ordinary and a little strange peasant and the emperor of all Russia and interpreted it the way he wanted. For example, ill-wishers kept repeating with one voice that there was a love affair between the mysterious Rasputin and the Empress. But why is Nicholas II silent? And there is an answer to this question. The fact is that Grigory knew hypnosis and could simply use it successfully. And in addition, the king was a little naive and weak-willed, unlike his wife with a fiery disposition.

They say that the cunning and witty Rasputin was used by the royal couple as a liaison between them and Jewish bankers, through whom they exported their capital to European countries.

One thing is clear, that all members of the royal family considered Rasputin "God's man" and did not doubt him and his capabilities at all. For all the Romanovs, he was a true friend, savior and friend. Whether this was actually the case is unknown.

Rasputin and religion

The American historian Douglas Smith called Rasputin "the mad monk." Although the author of the book "Rasputin: Faith, Power and Twilight of the Romanovs" believes that he was honest in his faith, served good and sincerely believed in Jesus, and not the devil (as many tend to think and suspect). Only now the Russian Church, for some incomprehensible reason, did not officially recognize Gregory as a parishioner, considering him a great sinner who renounced the Christian faith. Why? After all, we all know that everyone is one before God and has the right to beg for their sins before God in the bosom of the church? Is it really the connection with the royal family or an unattractive, rude appearance that is to blame? But the love and real deification of the royal family made Grigory Efimovich a real righteous man in the eyes of the Russian people. All members of the Romanov dynasty, along with pectoral crosses, wore the image of Rasputin painted on medallions and firmly believed in his holiness.

After the violent death of her mentor, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna declared Gregory a real martyr and even published a small book called The New Martyr. She firmly believed that a miracle worker and a man of God, after such torments, must become saints, but the church did not give her consent to this. This by no means prevented people from considering Rasputin their divine idol. After the news of the tragic death of the elder, the people collected water in the Neva River, considering it sacred. After all, she was sprinkled with the blood of Grigory Rasputin himself. Who is he, an old man who can work miracles? A prophet who sees the future or an ordinary charlatan, drunkard and womanizer? Unfortunately, not all questions can be answered...

Holy devil or sinful angel?

In war as in war - all means are good, and the winner, as they say, is not judged. Rasputin had a lot of enemies, and one of them was Hieromonk Iliodor, who, in his formidable pamphlet, desecrated Gregory, creating for him the image of a cunning and vicious charlatan, drunkard, pervert and liar. At that time, they believed in slogans, did not seek the truth, did not get to the bottom of the truth and reliability. And such a distorted interpretation of the personality of a friend of the royal family was only in the hands of the adherents of revolutionary Russia, who wanted to deal with the outdated tsarism and its representatives. The author of the book Fülöp-Miller René, entitled "The Holy Devil", tried to convey to his reader that Grigory Rasputin was not absolute evil or good. He was, like everyone else - a man with his weaknesses, desires, positive and negative features. He was also full of energy and positivity. His name has been remembered and known for over 100 years. In part, such a service was served to him by enemies and ill-wishers, which means that he was feared, loved, hated and respected.

Women, wine and demon in the ribs

In fact, women could not resist the magical gaze of Grigory Rasputin, or were all the novels and orgies attributed to him by enemies? The relationship of the elder with women of easy virtue is not documented, so this statement can not be taken seriously. The daughter of Grigory Matrena wrote in her memoirs: “I remember my father’s confession:“ For me, what a woman to touch, what a block of wood, ”that is, she claims that her father did not feel attraction or passion for women. He loved them with his soul, understood and appreciated them. Rasputin knew how to listen and support in difficult times, and women paid Grigory for this kindness and understanding with their inclination and love. He was an excellent psychotherapist, but hardly a lover. He had plenty of female attention, only ill-wishers interpreted him not in a positive direction. Some women looked for comfort in his conversations, others for love, others for healing, and many were simply curious. Although Rasputin was not a virgin, neither was Casanova. An ordinary person with ordinary and natural needs, only according to some for Rasputin they were banned.

Grigory Rasputin and politics

Thanks to his great inclination towards his extraordinary personality of the empress herself and the soft-hearted disposition of the tsar, Rasputin "poked his long nose" into the political affairs of the country, which the royal court really liked. He gave his reasoning and political advice, of course, to Alexandra Fedorovna, who later influenced the tsar. Saint Grishka, believing that everything was permitted to him, got into even the most important and responsible affairs of the government, for example, the strategy of the Russian army against the German troops. Rasputin cannot be called a real politician, but an excellent manipulator - that's for sure, because he got away with everything.

Causes of death, envy or revenge for deceit

The most devoted and close comrade-in-arms of the royal couple faced a difficult fate and an even more tragic and mysterious death. Why did the ardent rebel and adherent of republican slogans Felix Yusupov hate the harmless old man Rasputin, that he even decided to liquidate him along with his accomplices? There are many versions, but the most common are:

Version 1: Yusupov was not of a very traditional sexual orientation, although he had a beautiful wife, Princess Irene. He turned to Rasputin to get him out of this disgusting habit. But the old man did not succeed, and Felix decided to take revenge.

Version 2: Gregory had a great influence on the royal family, and also protected them magically. In order to weaken the protection of the king, they decided to remove Rasputin first, as it is known that a year later the royal family was also killed.

In fact, it was a political assassination that went down in history as the most cruel and senseless.

Myths and reality

The killer Felix Yusupov himself talked about how he lured his victim to the Yusupov Palace on the Moika. Then, together with the rest of the conspirators in the person of Lieutenant Sukhotin, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich, Purishkevich and Dr. Lazovert committed this heinous crime. First there was potassium cyanide, the seer was very fond of sweets and could not refuse another portion of cakes with delicious cream, but the poison did not work and then a weapon was used. Grigory Rasputin died from three mortal wounds, one of which hit the head. This was shown by an autopsy conducted by Professor Kosorotov, and it was he who debunked the myth that Grigory was thrown into the Neva River while still alive, in his opinion it was completely impossible.

Who is he really, a man of God or a servant of Lucifer? For some reason, everyone sees in this person a mystical and even otherworldly personality. But in my opinion, he was a simple, ordinary person who decided to take advantage of a great opportunity and great skill in manipulation and even hypnosis to make his life a little better and more comfortable. But is it a crime? And all the rumors and myths around him are already a matter of human rumor and the unbridled imagination of the Russian people. Well, as for Rasputin's appearance, it's the taste and color, because we are all very different!

­ Brief biography of Grigory Rasputin

Grigory Rasputin - a peasant from the village of Pokrovskoye, Tobolsk province, who gained world fame as a "tsar's friend"; an ambiguous personality in national history; a close friend of the last reigning family of the Romanov dynasty. In certain circles he had a reputation as an old healer and seer. The wife of Nicholas II entrusted him with the treatment of their youngest son, Tsarevich Alexei, who suffers from hemophilia. Rasputin was born on January 9 (21), 1869 in the family of an ordinary coachman. He received his name in honor of St. Gregory of Nyssa.

In his youth, he was sick a lot, and then turned to religion. In 1893, he set out to wander the holy places. During this period, he visited the Verkhoturye Monastery, Mount Athos, Jerusalem; met monks and healers, gained experience. However, there is an opinion that under the guise of religiosity, he led a wild life. No one still knows if he had a real surname or pseudonym. By 1902, he was already everywhere accepted as a "holy" elder and a Siberian "prophet." Entering into the confidence of Alexandra Feodorovna, he managed to convince her that Alexei can only be treated with prayers. At the same time, he promised to provide "divine" support to Nicholas II.

In the capital city, any doors opened before him. Everywhere the "experienced wanderer" was accepted as a "royal friend." It was known that Nicholas II could talk for hours with the seer and even entrusted some state affairs. In the imperial family, he was called none other than "God's man." Gradually, he became objectionable to some conspiratorial circles. Accusations of witchcraft, drunkenness, depravity, whiplash, etc. rained down on him. When this failed, more efficient methods were taken. Because of such accusations, the seer was forced to leave Petersburg for a while.

In 1914 there was absolutely the first attempt on Rasputin. Despite being unsuccessful, it nevertheless shook his health. The healer was seriously wounded in the village of Pokrovsky, after which he was forced to be treated in Tyumen. In the same period, Nicholas II decided on war and announced mobilization. The conspirators, meanwhile, did not doze off. Prince Yusupov, State Councilor V. Purishkevich, Prince Dmitry Pavlovich, British intelligence agent O. Rainer were involved in the “anti-Rasputin” case. They managed to complete their plans at the end of 1916.

Grigory was invited by Yusupov to visit with a request to provide healer assistance to his beautiful wife. During the reception, he was treated to poisoned food and drinks. But even this could not kill Rasputin, then the conspirators shot him and threw his body into the icy waters of the Neva. After 2.5 months, Nicholas II was overthrown by the new Provisional Government, so the case of the death of the "tsar's friend" remained uninvestigated.