| Structure and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation | Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (AF of Russia)- the state military organization of the Russian Federation, designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation - Russia, for the armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of its territory, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with Russia's international treaties.

A branch of the Armed Forces is an integral part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air).

✑ Ground Forces
✑ Aerospace Forces
✑ Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of branches of service (forces), special troops and rear services.

Ground troops

From the history of creation

Ground troops are the oldest type of troops. In the era of the slave system, they consisted of two types of troops (infantry and cavalry) or only one of them. The organization and tactics of these troops were significantly developed in ancient Rome, where a well-organized system of their recruitment, training and employment was created. In the VIII - XIV centuries. the use of handguns and artillery sharply increased the combat power of the ground forces and caused changes in their tactics and organization. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. ground forces in various countries, including Russia, received a harmonious permanent organization, which included platoons, companies (squadrons), battalions, regiments, brigades, divisions and army corps. By the beginning of the First World War, the ground forces made up the bulk of the armed forces of most countries. By this time, they received magazine rifles with bayonets, heavy and light machine guns, rapid-fire guns, mortars, armored cars, and at the end of the war, tanks. The troops were united in armies, consisting of corps and divisions. The further creation and introduction of new types of weapons into the troops caused a change in the structure of the ground forces. Armored, chemical, automobile and air defense troops appeared in their composition.

Organizational structure of the Ground Forces

• General Command
• Motorized rifle troops
• Tank forces
• Rocket troops and artillery
• Air defense troops
• Intelligence formations and military units
• Engineering Troops
• Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops
• Signal Corps

Ground troops- This is a type of troops intended primarily for combat operations on land. In most states, they are the most numerous, diverse in terms of weapons and methods of conducting combat operations, and possess great fire and striking power. They are capable of conducting an offensive in order to defeat enemy troops and seize his territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel an enemy invasion, and firmly hold occupied territories and lines.

These troops include:
• motorized troops,
• tank forces,
• rocket troops and artillery,
• air defense forces,
• parts and divisions of special troops,
• units and institutions of the rear.

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous type of troops. They consist of motorized rifle formations, units and subunits and are designed to conduct military operations independently or jointly with other branches of the military and special forces. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, have effective means of reconnaissance and control.

Tank forces designed to conduct combat operations independently and in cooperation with other branches of the military and special forces. They are equipped with tanks of various types (tracked combat vehicles with high cross-country ability, fully armored, with weapons to destroy various targets on the battlefield).
Tank troops constitute the main striking force of the ground forces. They are used mainly in the main directions for delivering powerful and deep blows to the enemy. Possessing great firepower, reliable protection, great mobility and maneuverability, they are able to achieve the final objectives of the battle and operation in a short time.

Rocket troops and artillery- a branch of the army, created in the early 60s. based on the artillery of the Ground Forces and the introduction of rocket weapons into the troops.
They serve as the main means of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy and can destroy nuclear attack weapons, groupings of enemy troops, aviation at airfields, and air defense facilities; hit reserves, command posts, destroy warehouses, communication centers and other important objects. Combat missions are carried out with all types of fire and missile strikes.
In addition to missile systems, they are armed with artillery systems, which, according to combat properties, are divided into cannon, howitzer, jet, anti-tank and mortar, according to the methods of movement - into self-propelled, towed, self-propelled, transportable and stationary, and according to design features - into barreled, rifled , smoothbore, recoilless, jet, etc.

Air defense troops carry out tasks to repel an attack by an air enemy, to cover troops and rear facilities from air strikes. Air defense is organized in all types of combat during troop movements and location. It includes reconnaissance of an air enemy, notification of troops about him, combat operations of anti-aircraft missile units and anti-aircraft artillery, aviation, as well as organized fire of anti-aircraft weapons and small arms of motorized rifle and tank units.

Special Troops- These are military formations, institutions and organizations designed to ensure the combat activities of the Ground Forces and solve special tasks. These include engineering troops, troops of radiation, chemical and biological protection, signal troops and others, as well as weapons and rear services.

The backbone of any country's defense is its people. The course and outcome of most wars and armed conflicts depended on their patriotism, dedication and dedication.

Of course, in terms of preventing aggression, Russia will give preference to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, the national interests of Russia require the presence of sufficient military power for its defense. We are constantly reminded of this by the history of Russia - the history of its wars and armed conflicts. At all times, Russia has fought for its independence, defended its national interests with arms in hand, and defended the peoples of other countries.

And today Russia cannot do without the Armed Forces. They are needed to defend national interests in the international arena, to contain and neutralize military threats and dangers, which, based on the trend in the development of the current military-political situation, are more than real.

Composition and organizational structure of the Russian armed forces

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 1992. They are a state military organization that constitutes the defense of the country.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense", the Armed Forces are designed to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation.

Russian Armed Forces consist of central bodies of military control, associations, formations, units, subunits and organizations that are included in the branches and arms of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and in troops that are not included in the branches and arms of the Armed Forces.

To the central authorities include the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff, as well as a number of departments that are in charge of certain functions and are subordinate to certain deputy defense ministers or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the High Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces are part of the central control bodies.

Type of Armed Forces- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform the assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). This is the Ground Forces. Air Force, Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of branches of service (forces), special troops and rear services.

Under the line of troops is understood as a part of the type of the Armed Forces, which is distinguished by the main armament, technical equipment, organizational structure, the nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent types of troops. In the Armed Forces of Russia, these are the Strategic Missile Forces, the Space Forces and the Airborne Forces.

Military art in Russia, as well as throughout the world, is divided into three levels:
- Tactics (the art of combat). Squad, platoon, company, battalion, regiment solve tactical tasks, that is, they are fighting.
- Operational art (the art of conducting battles, battles). A division, a corps, an army solve operational tasks, that is, they conduct a battle.
- Strategy (the art of commanding war in general). The front solves both operational and strategic tasks, i.e., it wages major battles, as a result of which the strategic situation changes and the outcome of the war can be decided.

Branch- the smallest military formation in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - branch. The squad is commanded by a junior sergeant or sergeant. Usually in a motorized rifle department there are 9-13 people. In the departments of other branches of the armed forces, the number of personnel of the department is from 3 to 15 people. Typically, a squad is part of a platoon, but may also exist outside of a platoon.

Platoon- Several squads make up a platoon. Usually there are 2 to 4 squads in a platoon, but more are possible. A platoon is led by a commander with an officer's rank - junior lieutenant, lieutenant or senior lieutenant. On average, the number of personnel in a platoon ranges from 9 to 45 people. Usually in all branches of the military the name is the same - a platoon. Usually a platoon is part of a company, but it can also exist independently.

Company- several platoons make up a company. In addition, a company may include several independent squads that are not included in any of the platoons. For example, in a motorized rifle company there are three motorized rifle platoons, a machine-gun squad, and an anti-tank squad. Usually a company consists of 2-4 platoons, sometimes even more platoons. A company is the smallest formation of tactical importance, i.e. a formation capable of independently performing small tactical tasks on the battlefield. Company commander Capt. On average, the size of a company can be from 18 to 200 people. Motorized rifle companies are usually about 130-150 people, tank companies 30-35 people. Usually the company is part of the battalion, but often the existence of companies as independent formations. In artillery, this type of formation is called a battery; in cavalry, a squadron.

Battalion consists of several companies (usually 2-4) and several platoons that are not included in any of the companies. The battalion is one of the main tactical formations. A battalion, like a company, platoon, squad, is named according to its type of troops (tank, motorized rifle, engineer-sapper, communications). But the battalion already includes formations of other types of weapons. For example, in a motorized rifle battalion, in addition to motorized rifle companies, there is a mortar battery, a material support platoon, and a communications platoon. Battalion Commander Lieutenant Colonel. The battalion already has its headquarters. Usually, on average, a battalion, depending on the type of troops, can number from 250 to 950 people. However, there are battalions of about 100 people. In artillery, this type of formation is called a division.

Regiment- this is the main tactical formation and a completely autonomous formation in the economic sense. The regiment is commanded by a colonel. Although the regiments are named according to the branches of the military (tank, motorized rifle, communications, pontoon-bridge, etc.), but in fact this is a formation consisting of units of many branches of the military, and the name is given according to the predominant branch of the military. For example, in a motorized rifle regiment there are two or three motorized rifle battalions, one tank battalion, one artillery battalion (read battalion), one anti-aircraft missile battalion, a reconnaissance company, an engineer company, a communications company, an anti-tank battery, a chemical defense platoon , repair company, material support company, orchestra, medical center. The number of personnel of the regiment is from 900 to 2000 people.

brigade- as well as the regiment, the brigade is the main tactical formation. Actually, the brigade occupies an intermediate position between the regiment and the division. The structure of the brigade is most often the same as that of the regiment, but there are much more battalions and other units in the brigade. So in a motorized rifle brigade there are one and a half to two times more motorized rifle and tank battalions than in a regiment. A brigade may also consist of two regiments, plus auxiliary battalions and companies. On average, there are from 2,000 to 8,000 people in a brigade. The brigade commander, as well as in the regiment, is a colonel.

Division- the main operational-tactical formation. As well as the regiment is named after the type of troops prevailing in it. However, the predominance of one or another type of troops is much less than in the regiment. A motorized rifle division and a tank division are identical in structure, with the only difference being that in a motorized rifle division there are two or three motorized rifle regiments and one tank regiment, while in a tank division, on the contrary, there are two or three tank regiments, and one motorized rifle regiment. In addition to these main regiments, the division has one or two artillery regiments, one anti-aircraft missile regiment, a rocket battalion, a missile battalion, a helicopter squadron, an engineer battalion, a communications battalion, an automobile battalion, a reconnaissance battalion, an electronic warfare battalion, a material support battalion, a repair - a recovery battalion, a medical battalion, a chemical protection company and several different support companies and platoons. Divisions can be tank, motorized rifle, artillery, airborne, missile and aviation. In other military branches, as a rule, the highest formation is a regiment or brigade. On average, there are 12-24 thousand people in a division. Division Commander Major General.

Frame- just as a brigade is an intermediate formation between a regiment and a division, so a corps is an intermediate formation between a division and an army. The corps is a combined-arms formation, that is, it usually lacks the sign of one type of troops, although there may also be tank or artillery corps, that is, corps with a complete predominance of tank or artillery divisions in them. The combined arms corps is usually referred to as the "army corps". There is no single corps structure. Each time the corps is formed on the basis of a specific military or military-political situation, and may consist of two or three divisions and a different number of formations of other military branches. Usually a corps is created where it is impractical to create an army. It is impossible to talk about the structure and size of the corps, because how many corps exist or existed, so many of their structures existed. Corps Commander Lieutenant General.

Army- This is a large military formation of operational purpose. The army includes divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops. Usually, armies are no longer subdivided according to the types of troops, although there may be tank armies, where tank divisions predominate. An army may also include one or more corps. It is impossible to talk about the structure and size of the army, because how many armies exist or have existed, so many structures existed. The soldier at the head of the army is no longer called "commander", but "commander of the army." Usually the staff rank of the army commander is Colonel General. In peacetime, armies are rarely organized as military formations. Usually divisions, regiments, battalions are directly part of the district.

Front (district)- This is the highest military formation of a strategic type. Larger formations do not exist. The name "front" is used only in wartime for a formation conducting combat operations. For such formations in peacetime, or those located in the rear, the name "district" (military district) is used. The front includes several armies, corps, divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops. The composition and strength of the front may be different. Fronts are never subdivided according to the types of troops (i.e., there cannot be a tank front, an artillery front, etc.). At the head of the front (district) is the commander of the front (district) with the rank of army general.

Associations- these are military formations, including several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. The formations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined-arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces. The military district covers the territory of several subjects of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational formation of the Navy. Commanders of districts and fleets direct their troops (forces) through headquarters subordinate to them.

connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various types of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as units (subdivisions) of support and maintenance. Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other equivalent military formations. The word "connection" means - to connect the parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). Together, this is the division. However, in some cases, the brigade can also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which in itself has the status of a unit. The brigade headquarters in this case, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part- is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The concept of "part" most often means a regiment and a brigade. In addition to the regiment and brigade, division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military department, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food depot, district song and dance ensemble, garrison house of officers, garrison household complex service, central school of junior specialists, military institute, military school, etc.). Parts can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, separate battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as separate companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, separate battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and the ships of the Navy - the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all combined in one word "unit". The word comes from the concept of "division", "divide" - the part is divided into divisions.

To organizations include such structures for ensuring the vital activity of the Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest houses, camp sites, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces is designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and maintenance of their stocks, prepare and operate communications, ensure military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care to the wounded and sick, carry out sanitary and hygienic and veterinary measures and perform a number of other logistics tasks security. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, warehouses with stocks of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield and others), as well as repair, medical, rear guards and other units and subunits.

Quartering and arrangement of troops- the activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, quartering troops, creating conditions for the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and the conduct of hostilities.

To troops not included in the types and types of troops of the Armed Forces, include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops designed to protect the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve the problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the FSB of Russia.

Their tasks follow from the purpose of the Border Troops. This is the protection of the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation; protection of marine biological resources; protection of the state borders of the states - members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the basis of bilateral treaties (agreements); organizing the passage of persons, vehicles, cargo, goods and animals across the state border of the Russian Federation; intelligence, counterintelligence and operational-search activities in the interests of protecting the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and the protection of marine biological resources, as well as the state borders of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia designed to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful encroachments.

The main tasks of the Internal Troops are: prevention and suppression of armed conflicts, actions directed against the integrity of the state; disarmament of illegal formations; compliance with the state of emergency; strengthening the protection of public order, where necessary; ensuring the normal functioning of all state structures, legally elected authorities; protection of important government facilities, special cargo, etc.

One of the most important tasks of the Internal Troops is to participate, together with the Armed Forces, in accordance with a single concept and plan, in the country's territorial defense system.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural values ​​on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.

In peacetime, the main tasks of the Civil Defense Troops are: participation in activities aimed at preventing emergency situations (ES); training the population in ways to protect themselves from the dangers arising from emergencies and as a result of military operations; carrying out work to localize and eliminate the threats of emergencies that have already arisen; evacuation of the population, material and cultural values ​​from dangerous zones to safe areas; delivery and ensuring the safety of goods transported to the emergency zone as humanitarian aid, including to foreign countries; providing medical assistance to the affected population, providing it with food, water and basic necessities; fighting fires resulting from emergencies.

In wartime, the Civil Defense troops solve tasks related to the implementation of measures for the protection and survival of the civilian population: the construction of shelters; carrying out activities for light and other types of camouflage; ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into the centers of destruction, zones of infection and pollution, catastrophic flooding; fighting fires arising during the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions; detection and designation of areas subjected to radiation, chemical, biological and other contamination; maintenance of order in areas affected by the conduct of military operations or as a result of these operations; participation in the urgent restoration of the functioning of the necessary communal facilities and other elements of the system for providing the population, rear infrastructure - airfields, roads, crossings, etc.

http://www.grandars.ru/shkola/bezopasnost-zhiznedeyatelnosti/vooruzhennye-sily.html

Military-administrative division of the Russian Federation

The main military administrative unit of the Russian Federation is the military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Since December 1, 2010 in Russia in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 21, 2010 "On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation"

Four military districts were formed:
Central Military District;
Southern Military District;
Western military district;
Eastern military district.

Western military district

Western Military District (ZVO) It was formed in September 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2010 on the basis of two military districts - Moscow and Leningrad. The ZVO also included the Northern and Baltic Fleets and the 1st Air Force and Air Defense Command.

The history of the Leningrad Military District (LenVO) began on March 20, 1918, when the Petrograd Military District was formed. In 1924, it was renamed into Leningradsky. In 1922, the troops of the district took part in the defeat of the White Finnish detachments that invaded Karelia, and in 1939-1940. - in the Soviet-Finnish war. Moreover, at the first stage (before the creation of the North-Western Front), the leadership of military operations in the war was carried out by the headquarters of the LenVO.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the administration of the LenVO was transformed into the field administration of the Northern Front, which on August 23, 1941 was divided into the Karelian and Leningrad fronts. The field administrations of the Northern and then the Leningrad fronts simultaneously continued to perform the functions of a military district administration. The troops of the fronts fought bloody battles with the German troops, defended Leningrad and participated in lifting its blockade.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the LenVO was re-formed. The field administration of the Leningrad Front participated in the formation of its administration. The troops were quickly transferred to peacetime states, after which they began systematic combat training. In 1968, for his great contribution to strengthening the power of the state and its armed defense, for success in combat training and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the LenVO was awarded the Order of Lenin. Since May 1992, the troops of the LenVO became part of the established Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces).

The Moscow Military District (MVO) was formed on May 4, 1918. During the Civil War and military intervention in Russia (1917–1922), he trained personnel for all fronts, supplied the Red Army with various types of weapons and materiel. A large number of military academies, colleges, courses and schools operated on the territory of the Moscow Military District, which only in 1918-1919. trained and sent to the fronts about 11 thousand commanders.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, on the basis of the Moscow Military District, the field administration of the Southern Front was formed, which was headed by the commander of the district troops, General of the Army I.V. Tyulenev. By order of the Headquarters of the Supreme Command of July 18, 1941, the headquarters of the Moscow Military District simultaneously became the headquarters of the front of the Mozhaisk defense line being created. Along with this, a lot of work was carried out in the Moscow Military District to form and prepare reserve formations and units for active fronts. Also in Moscow, 16 divisions of the people's militia were formed, which included 160 thousand volunteers. After the defeat of the German troops near Moscow, the Moscow Military District continued the formation and resupplying of formations and military units of all branches of the armed forces, supplying the army with weapons, military equipment and other materiel.

In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, 3 front-line, 23 army and 11 corps directorates, 128 divisions, 197 brigades were formed in the Moscow Military District and 4190 marching units with a total number of about 4.5 million people were sent to the active troops.

In the post-war years, elite military formations were deployed on the territory of the Moscow Military District, most of which bore the honorary titles of guards. The district retained its importance as the most important source of mobilization resources and was a major training base for military command personnel. In 1968, the district was awarded the Order of Lenin for its great contribution to strengthening the defense power of the state and success in combat training. After the collapse of the USSR, the Moscow Military District became part of the formed RF Armed Forces. At present, the troops and forces of the Western Military District are deployed within the administrative boundaries of three federal districts (North-Western, Central and part of the Volga) on the territory of 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The headquarters of the district is located in St. Petersburg, in the historical complex of the General Staff on Palace Square. The Western Military District is the very first district formed in the new system of military-administrative division of the Russian Federation.

The ZVO troops include more than 2.5 thousand formations and military units with a total number of more than 400 thousand military personnel, which is about 40% of the total number of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Commander of the Western Military District subordinates all military formations of the types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation deployed on the territory of the district, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces. In addition, military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Troops of the FSB, as well as units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation performing tasks on the territory of the district are under its operational subordination.

Southern Military District

Southern Military District (SMD) It was formed on October 4, 2010 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation (RF) of September 20, 2010 "On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation" on the basis of the North Caucasus Military District (SKVO). It also included the Black Sea Fleet, the Caspian Flotilla and the 4th Air Force and Air Defense Command.

The North Caucasus Military District was established by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars dated May 4, 1918 in the territories of the Stavropol, Black Sea, Dagestan provinces, the regions of the Don, Kuban and Terek troops. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council (RVS) of the Southern Front dated October 3, 1918, the Red Army of the North Caucasus was renamed the 11th Army. In November 1919, on the basis of the cavalry corps, the 1st Cavalry Army was created under the command of S.M. Budyonny.

After the Civil War, in accordance with the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic of May 4, 1921, the Caucasian Front was disbanded and the administration of the North Caucasian Military District was recreated with headquarters in Rostov-on-Don. During the years of the military reform (1924–1928), a network of military educational institutions was created in the district to train military personnel. The troops received new models of weapons and equipment, on the development of which the personnel worked. In the prewar years, the North Caucasus Military District was one of the most advanced military districts.

From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the soldiers of the 19th Army, formed in May-June 1941 from the military personnel of the North Caucasus Military District, fought courageously and staunchly against the Nazis. In late June - early July, the 50th Kuban and 53rd Stavropol cavalry divisions were formed in a matter of days. In the second half of July, these formations became part of the Western Front. The North Caucasus Military District became a forge of military personnel.

From October 1941, the North Caucasian Military District was stationed in Armavir, and from July 1942 - in Ordzhonikidze (now Vladikavkaz) and prepared marching reinforcements for the active fronts. In early August of the same year, the management of the North Caucasus Military District, together with the newly formed formations and units, was redeployed to the territory of Georgia in Dusheti and subordinated to the commander of the Transcaucasian Front. On August 20, 1942, the North Caucasus Military District was abolished, and its administration was transformed into the administration for the formation and staffing of the Transcaucasian Front.

The main events of the second half of 1942 and the first half of 1943 on the Soviet-German front unfolded within the territory of the North Caucasian Military District. Two great battles took place here: Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943) and for the Caucasus (July 25, 1942 - October 9, 1943).

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, when the army was transferred to a peaceful position, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of July 9, 1945, 3 military districts were created on the territory of the North Caucasus: Don, Stavropol and Kuban. In Rostov-on-Don, the headquarters of the Don Military District was located, which in 1946 received its former name - the North Caucasus. Work has begun on the reorganization, arrangement of formations and military units and the restoration of the destroyed infrastructure of the district. In 1968, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his great contribution to strengthening the defense power of the state and success in combat training.

The troops of the North Caucasus Military District played a decisive role in the defeat of illegal armed formations during the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus. For the courage and heroism shown at the same time, 43 servicemen of the North Caucasus Military District became Heroes of the Russian Federation. In recognition of the merits of the military personnel of the district, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated August 17, 2001 No. 367, heraldic signs were established for the North Caucasus Military District: the standard of the commander of the North Caucasus Military District, the emblem of the North Caucasus Military District and the insignia of the military personnel "For Service in the Caucasus".

In August 2008, the troops of the North Caucasian Military District took a direct part in the 5-day operation to force Georgia to peace, defeated the aggressor in a short time and saved the people of South Ossetia from genocide. For the courage and heroism shown during this operation, the title of Hero of the Russian Federation was awarded to: Major Vetchinov Denis Vasilyevich (posthumously), Lieutenant Colonel Konstantin Anatolyevich Timerman, Captain Yakovlev Yuri Pavlovich, Sergeant Mylnikov Sergey Andreevich. The commander of the North Caucasian Military District, Colonel-General Sergei Makarov, was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree, and many of his subordinates were awarded the Order of Courage, insignia - St. George's Crosses of the 4th degree and medals "For courage."

On February 1, 2009, Russian military bases were formed in the territories of the Republic of South Ossetia and the Republic of Abkhazia, which became part of the district.

Currently, the troops and forces of the Southern Military District are deployed within the administrative boundaries of two federal districts (Southern and North Caucasian) on the territory of 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, in accordance with international treaties, 4 military bases of the district are located outside the Russian Federation: in South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Armenia and Ukraine (Sevastopol). The district headquarters is located in Rostov-on-Don.

The commander of the Southern Military District subordinates all military formations of the types and branches of the RF Armed Forces stationed in the district, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces. Under its operational subordination are also military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Troops of the FSB, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, performing tasks on the territory of the district. The main task of the troops and forces of the Southern Military District is to ensure the military security of the southern borders of Russia.

Central Military District

Central Military District (TsVO) It was formed on December 1, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2010 "On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation" on the basis of the Volga-Ural and part of the troops of the Siberian Military District. It also included the 2nd Air Force and Air Defense Command.

The history of the Russian army in the Volga region and the Urals goes back to the mists of time, to the time of the annexation of the Kazan Khanate to Russia in 1552. In the 18th century, the first regiments and battalions of the regular Russian army appeared in the border fortresses of the Orenburg region and large cities of the Volga region, the Urals and Western Siberia.

However, the creation in Russia of the military district system as an integral part of the military administration dates back to a later time - to the second half of the 19th century. During the military reform of 1855-1881. The territory of Russia was divided into 15 military districts, in which artillery, engineering, quartermaster and military medical departments were created.

During the Civil War and military intervention (1918–1922), on March 31, 1918, the Supreme Military Council of the Russian Republic decided to change the military-administrative division of the country. In May 1918, 6 military districts were created, including the Volga and Ural military districts (PriVO, UrVO). The Siberian Military District (SibVO) was formed on December 3, 1919 (in accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of November 26, 1993, the historical date of its formation was restored - August 6, 1865).

After the end of the Civil War, the troops of the PriVO took part in the elimination of banditry in the Astrakhan, Samara, Saratov, Tsaritsyn provinces and in other regions of the country, and also fought against the Basmachi formations in Central Asia.

The formation of the PriVO, Ural Military District and Siberian Military District in the prewar years took place in the conditions of technical re-equipment and organizational restructuring of the Red Army. The main efforts were concentrated on organizing the development of new weapons and equipment, training specialists, and improving the efficiency and quality of combat training. At the same time, the experience of hostilities near the lake was taken into account. Hassan, on the river. Khalkhin Gol and the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939–1940 A little later - in 1940-1941. a lot of work was done to deploy, prepare and send military formations to the border military districts.

The Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) occupies a special place in the history of the Volga, Ural and Siberian military districts. In those years, more than 200 military educational institutions were stationed in the territories of the districts, which trained more than 30% of the total number of command personnel of the army in the field. Here, more than 3 thousand associations, formations and military units were formed, trained and sent to the front, which took part in hostilities on almost all fronts and in all battles of the Great Patriotic and World War II: in the defense of Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, in battles near Kursk, in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states, getting rid of fascism of the peoples of Eastern Europe, the capture of Berlin, as well as in the defeat of the Kwantung Army of militaristic Japan.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the military districts carried out a large amount of measures to receive troops returning from the front, carry out demobilization and transfer formations, units and institutions to peacetime states. Planned combat training was carried out in the troops, and the training and material base was improved. Much attention was paid to the study and generalization of the experience of the war, its introduction into the practice of combat training. In 1974, for their great contribution to strengthening the defense power of the state, the PriVO, Ural Military District and Siberian Military District were awarded the Orders of the Red Banner.

On September 1, 1989, the PriVO and UrVO were merged into the Volga-Ural Military District (PURVO) with headquarters in Samara. In Yekaterinburg, on the basis of the former headquarters of the Ural Military District, the headquarters of the combined arms army was created. In December 1992, the PUrVO was again divided into PriVO and UrVO, but in 2001 they were merged again.

Currently, the troops of the Central Military District are deployed within the administrative boundaries of three federal districts (Volga, Ural and Siberian) on the territory of 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It also includes the 201st military base located in the Republic of Tajikistan. The headquarters of the Central Military District is located in Yekaterinburg.

The Commander of the Central Military District subordinates all the military formations of the types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation stationed in the district, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces. Also in the operational subordination of the commander of the troops of the Central Military District are military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Troops of the FSB, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, performing tasks on the territory of the district.

Eastern Military District

Eastern Military District It was formed on December 1, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2010 "On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation" on the basis of the Far Eastern Military District (FER) and part of the troops of the Siberian Military District (SibVO). It also included the Pacific Fleet and the 3rd Air Force and Air Defense Command.

Until the middle of the 19th century, the Far East and Transbaikalia were part of the East Siberian Governor General. In 1884, the Amur Governor-Generalship was created (with the center in Khabarovsk), within whose borders the Amur Military District (VO) was located until 1918.

On February 16, 1918, the regional commissariat of the Red Army was created in the city of Khabarovsk - the first central body for managing the armed forces of the Far East. After the start of an open military intervention against Russia in the Far East and the Far North, in accordance with the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) of May 4, 1918, within the borders of the Amur, Primorsky, Kamchatka regions and about. Sakhalin, the East Siberian Military District was established (with administration in Khabarovsk).

From September 1918 to March 1920, the armed struggle against the American-Japanese interventionists was carried out mainly in the form of guerrilla warfare. In February 1920, by decision of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, a buffer state was created - the Far Eastern Republic (FER) and its People's Revolutionary Army (NRA) was organized on the model of the Red Army.

On November 14, 1922, after the liberation of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, the Far Eastern Region was dissolved and the Far Eastern Region was formed. In this regard, the NRA was renamed the 5th Red Banner Army (with headquarters in Chita), and then (in June 1924) was abolished. All troops and military institutions located in the Far East, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, became part of the Siberian Military District.

In January 1926, the Far Eastern Territory was formed instead of the Far Eastern Region. In July-August 1929, Chinese troops attacked the CER, armed provocations began on the state border, attacks on Soviet border outposts. On August 6, 1929, a Special Far Eastern Army (ODVA) was created by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR to ensure the defense of the Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territories and Transbaikalia. For the successful completion of combat missions, the valor and courage shown by the fighters and commanders in the defense of the Soviet Far Eastern borders, in January 1930, the ODVA was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and became known as the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army (OKDVA).

In 1931, the Primorsky Group was created from the troops stationed in Primorye. In the spring of 1932, the Transbaikal group was organized. In mid-May 1935, the Trans-Baikal Military District (ZabVO) was formed on the basis of the administration of the Trans-Baikal Group of Forces OKDVA. On February 22, 1937, the Air Force of the Far East was organizationally formalized.

In connection with the increased threat of an attack by Japan, OKDVA on July 1, 1938 was transformed into the Far Eastern Front (DVF). In July-August 1938 there was a military conflict near Lake Khasan. Formations and units of the 39th Rifle Corps took part in the fighting.

After the events at the lake Khasan, the Far Eastern Fleet administration was disbanded in August 1938 and the directly subordinate NCOs of the USSR were created: the 1st Separate Red Banner Army (OKA) (with headquarters in Ussuriysk) and the 2nd Separate Red Banner Army (with headquarters in Khabarovsk), as well as the Northern Army Group . The 57th Special Rifle Corps was stationed on the territory of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR).

In May-August 1939, the troops of the Far East took part in the battles near the Khalkhin-Gol River. In June 1940, a field department of the Far East Fleet was created. At the end of June 1941, the troops of the front were put on high alert and began to create a deep, multi-echeloned defense in the border zone. By October 1, 1941, in the main areas accessible to the enemy, the construction of field defenses was completed to the full operational depth.

In 1941-1942, during the period of the greatest threat of attack from Japan, formations and units of the first echelon of the front occupied their defense areas. At night, 50% of the personnel were on duty.

On April 5, 1945, the Soviet government denounced the neutrality pact with Japan. On July 28, 1945, the US, British and Chinese ultimatum to surrender was rejected by the Japanese government. By this time, the deployment of three fronts in the Far East was completed: the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern and Transbaikal. The forces of the Pacific Fleet, the Red Banner Amur Flotilla, the Border Troops and the Air Defense Forces (Air Defense) were involved in the operation.

On August 8, 1945, the Soviet government issued a statement declaring a state of war with Japan effective August 9. On the night of August 9, Soviet troops went on the offensive. At 17:00 on August 17, the command of the Kwantung Army of Japan ordered its troops to surrender. On the morning of August 19, the mass surrender of Japanese military personnel began.

In September-October 1945, 3 military districts were formed on the territory of the Far East: on the basis of the Trans-Baikal Front - the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District, on the basis of the 1st Far Eastern Fleet - the Primorsky Military District (PrimVO), on the basis of the 2nd Far East Fleet - the Far East military district (DVO).

In May 1947, on the basis of the Directorate of the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District, the Directorate of the High Command of the Far East was formed with the subordination of the Far Eastern Military District, the Primal Military District, the ZabVO (transformed from the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District), the Pacific Fleet and the Amur military flotilla.

On April 23, 1953, the Far Eastern Military District was reorganized, a new district administration was formed on the basis of the administration of the Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Forces in the Far East (with headquarters in Khabarovsk).

On June 17, 1967, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Far Eastern Military District through the succession of the Order of the Red Banner of the former OKDVA. On August 10, 1967, in Khabarovsk, the order was attached to the Battle Banner of the district.

At present, the troops and forces of the Eastern Military District (VVO) are deployed within the administrative boundaries of two federal districts (the Far Eastern and part of the Siberian) and the territories of 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The district headquarters is located in Khabarovsk.

All military formations of the types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation deployed in the territory of the district, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces, are subordinate to the Commander of the Air Defense Forces. Under its operational subordination are also military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Troops of the FSB, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, performing tasks on the territory of the district. The main task of the troops and forces of the Air Defense Forces is to ensure the military security of the Far Eastern borders of Russia.

Tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The changed foreign policy situation in recent years, new priorities in the field of national security have set completely different tasks for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces), which can be structured in four main areas:

Deterrence of military and military-political threats to security or encroachments on the interests of the Russian Federation;

Protection of the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;

Implementation of military operations in peacetime;

Use of military force.

The peculiarities of the development of the military-political situation in the world make it possible for one task to grow into another, since the most problematic military-political situations are complex and multifaceted.

The containment of military and military-political threats to the security of the Russian Federation (encroachments on the interests of the Russian Federation) means the following actions of the RF Armed Forces:

Timely detection of a threatening development of the military-political situation or preparation of an armed attack on the Russian Federation and (or) its allies;

Maintaining the state of combat and mobilization readiness of the country, strategic nuclear forces, forces and means ensuring their functioning and use, as well as control systems in order to, if necessary, inflict the specified damage on the aggressor;

Maintaining the combat potential and mobilization readiness of groupings of general-purpose troops (forces) at a level that ensures the repulsion of local-scale aggression;

Maintain readiness for strategic deployment when transferring the country to wartime conditions;

Organization of territorial defense.

Ensuring the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation includes the following components:

Maintaining safe living conditions for Russian citizens in areas of armed conflict and political or other instability;

Creation of conditions for the security of the economic activity of Russia or the economic structures representing it;

Protection of national interests in territorial waters, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of Russia, as well as in the World Ocean;

Carrying out, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, operations using the forces and means of the Armed Forces in regions that are a sphere of vital economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;

Organization and conduct of information confrontation.

Power operations of the RF Armed Forces in peacetime are possible in the following cases:

Fulfillment by Russia of allied obligations in accordance with international treaties or other interstate agreements;

Combating international terrorism, political extremism and separatism, as well as preventing sabotage and terrorist acts;

Partial or full strategic deployment, maintenance of readiness for use and use of nuclear deterrence capabilities;

Conducting peacekeeping operations as part of coalitions created within the framework of international organizations, where Russia is a member or has joined on a temporary basis;

Ensuring the state of war (emergency) in one or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the decisions of the highest bodies of state power;

Protection of the state border of the Russian Federation in the airspace and underwater environment;

Enforcement of the regime of international sanctions imposed on the basis of a decision of the UN Security Council;

Prevention of ecological disasters and other emergencies, as well as elimination of their consequences.

Military force is used directly to ensure the security of the country in the following cases:

Armed conflict;

Local war;

regional war;

Large scale war.

Armed conflict- one of the forms of resolving political, national-ethnic, religious, territorial and other contradictions with the use of means of armed struggle. At the same time, the conduct of such hostilities does not imply the transition of relations between the state (states) into a special state called war. In an armed conflict, the parties, as a rule, pursue private military-political goals. An armed conflict can be the result of a proliferation of an armed incident, a border conflict and other limited-scale clashes in which weapons are used to resolve contradictions. An armed conflict may be of an international character (with the participation of two or more states) or an internal character (with the conduct of armed confrontation within the territory of one state).

Local war is a war between two or more states, limited by political goals. Military operations are conducted, as a rule, within the borders of the opposing states, and affect mainly the interests of only these states (territorial, economic, political, and others). A local war can be waged by groupings of troops (forces) deployed in the conflict area, with their possible strengthening due to the transfer of additional forces and means from other directions and the partial strategic deployment of the armed forces. Under certain conditions, local wars can develop into a regional or large-scale war.

regional war is a war involving two or more states (groups of states) of the region. It is conducted by national or coalition armed forces using both conventional and nuclear weapons. In the course of hostilities, the parties pursue important military-political goals. Regional wars take place on the territory limited by the boundaries of one region, as well as in the waters, airspace and space adjacent to it. The conduct of a regional war requires the full deployment of the armed forces and the economy, the high tension of all the forces of the participating states. If nuclear-weapon states or their allies participate in this war, there may be a threat of the use of nuclear weapons.

large scale war- this is a war between coalitions of states or the largest states of the world community. It can be the result of the expansion of an armed conflict, local or regional war by involving a significant number of states in them. In a large-scale war, the parties will pursue radical military-political goals. It will require the mobilization of all available material resources and spiritual forces of the participating states.

Modern Russian military planning of the activities of the Armed Forces is based on a realistic understanding of the available resources and capabilities of Russia.

In peacetime and in emergency situations, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, together with other troops, must be ready to repel an attack and defeat an aggressor, to conduct both defensive and offensive active operations in any variant of unleashing and waging wars (armed conflicts). The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must be able to successfully solve tasks simultaneously in two armed conflicts without carrying out additional mobilization measures. In addition, the RF Armed Forces must carry out peacekeeping operations - independently and as part of multinational contingents.

In the event of an aggravation of the military-political and military-strategic situation, the RF Armed Forces must ensure the strategic deployment of troops and contain the aggravation of the situation at the expense of strategic deterrence forces and forces of constant readiness.

Tasks of the Armed Forces in wartime- to repel an enemy aerospace attack with available forces, and after a full-scale strategic deployment, solve problems simultaneously in two local wars.

The Federation includes various troops (missile, ground, aerospace, etc.), and together they represent an organization for organizing the defense of the country. Their main task is to repel aggression and protect the territorial integrity of the state, but recently the tasks have changed a bit.

1. Deterring not only military but also political threats to security.
2. Implementation of military operations in non-war time.
3. Ensuring the political and economic interests of the state.
4. Use of force for security.

At the lessons of life safety, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is studied in grades 10-11. Therefore, this information should be known to all citizens of the Russian Federation.

A bit of history

The modern composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is indebted to history. It was formed depending on possible acts of aggression against the state. The most significant stage in the history of the development of the army is the victory at the Kulikovo field (1380), near Poltava (1709) and, of course, in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

A standing army in Russia was formed under Ivan the Terrible. It was he who began to create troops with centralized control and supply. In 1862-1874, a reform was carried out with the introduction of all-class military service, the principles of leadership were also changed, and technical re-equipment was carried out. However, after the revolution in 1917, the army was gone. Instead, the Red Army was formed, and then the USSR, which were divided into 3 types: land, air force and fleet.

Today, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed a little, but the main backbone has remained the same.

Ground troops

This species is the most numerous. It was created to be present on land and, by and large, the ground forces are the most important element of the army. It is impossible to capture and hold territories without this kind of troops, to repel the invasion of the landing force, etc. It is for these purposes that such units were created. In turn, they are divided into the following types:

1. Tank forces.
2. Motorized rifle.
3. Artillery.
4. Rocket troops and air defense.
5. Special services.
6. Signal Corps.

The largest personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes ground forces. This includes all types of military units listed above.

Tank (armored) troops. They represent the main striking force on earth and are an extremely powerful tool for solving problems of the first importance.

Motorized rifle troops are units with a large number of personnel and equipment. Their purpose is the independent conduct of hostilities over a large area, although they can act as support as part of other branches of the military.

Artillery and missile units always consist of formations, parts of tactical missiles, and artillery.

Air defense - troops providing protection for ground units and the rear from attacks from aircraft and other means of attack from the air. Special services perform highly specialized functions.

Military Space Force

Until 1997, they existed, but the Decree of the President of July 16, 1997 ordered the creation of a new type of aircraft. Since that time, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed somewhat: the Air Force and space defense units have merged. This is how the Aerospace Forces were formed.

They are engaged in reconnaissance of the aerospace situation, determining the probable start of an air or missile attack and notifying military and government authorities about it. It goes without saying that the Russian Aerospace Forces are called upon, among other things, to repel aggression from the air or from space, even, if necessary, with the use of nuclear weapons.

The composition of the VKS

Modern videoconferencing of Russia include:

1. Space troops.
2. Air defense and missile defense troops.
3. Military units of technical support.
4. Communications and electronic warfare troops.
5. Military educational institutions.

Each branch of the military has its own range of tasks. The Air Force, for example, repel aggression in the air, hit enemy targets and troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.

The Space Force monitors objects in space and detects threats to Russia from airless space. If necessary, they can parry possible blows. The space forces are also responsible for launching spacecraft (satellites) into the Earth's orbit and their control.

Fleet

The Navy is intended to protect the state from the sea and ocean, to protect the interests of the country in maritime areas. The Navy consists of:

1. Four fleets: Black Sea, Baltic, Pacific and Northern.
2. Caspian flotilla.
3. Submarine forces, which are designed to destroy enemy boats, strike at surface ships and their groups, and destroy ground targets.
4. Surface forces for strikes against submarines, amphibious landings, and counteraction to surface ships.
5. Naval aviation for the destruction of convoys, submarine flotilla, ship groups, violation of enemy surveillance systems.
6. Coastal troops, which are entrusted with the task of defending the coast and objects on the coast.

Rocket troops

The composition and organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also include missile troops, which may contain a land, air, and water component. primarily intended for the destruction of nuclear attack weapons, as well as enemy groupings. In particular, the main targets of the strategic missile forces are enemy military bases, industrial facilities, large groups, control system, infrastructure facilities, etc.

The main and important property of the Strategic Missile Forces is the ability to accurately strike with a nuclear weapon over vast distances (ideally, anywhere in the world) and simultaneously on all important strategic targets. They are also designed to create favorable conditions for other branches of the Armed Forces. If we talk about the organization of the Strategic Missile Forces, then they consist of units that are armed with medium-range missiles and units with intercontinental missiles.

The very first unit was formed on July 15, 1946. Already in 1947, a successful first test launch of the R-1 (ballistic) guided missile was made. By 1955, there were already several units that had long-range missiles. But literally 2 years later they conducted an intercontinental test, with several stages. It is noteworthy that she was the first in the world. After testing an intercontinental missile, it became possible to create a new branch of the military - a strategic one. This logical step was followed, and in 1960 another branch of the Armed Forces, the Strategic Missile Forces, was organized.

Long-range or strategic aviation

We have already talked about the Aerospace Forces, but we have not yet touched on such a branch of the troops as long-range aviation. It deserves a separate chapter. The structure and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes strategic bombers. It is noteworthy that only two countries of the world have them - the USA and Russia. Together with intercontinental missiles and submarine missile carriers, strategic bombers are part of the nuclear triad and are primarily responsible for the security of the state.

The composition and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in particular, long-range aviation, is to bombard important military-industrial facilities behind enemy lines, destroy its infrastructure and large concentrations of troops, military bases. The targets of these aircraft are power plants, factories, bridges, and entire cities.

Such aircraft are called strategic bombers because of the ability to make intercontinental flights and use nuclear weapons. Some types of aircraft can use it, but are unable to make intercontinental flights. They are called long-range bombers.

A few words about the TU-160 - "White Swan"

Speaking of long-range aviation, one cannot fail to mention the Tu-160 missile carrier with a variable wing geometry. In history, it is the largest, most powerful and heaviest supersonic aircraft. Its feature is swept wing. Among the existing strategic bombers, it has the largest takeoff weight and combat load. The pilots gave him the nickname - "White Swan".

Armament TU-160

The aircraft is capable of carrying up to 40 tons of weapons, including various types of guided missiles, free-fall bombs and nuclear weapons. The bombs of the "White Swan" bear the unofficial name of "weapons of the second stage", that is, they are intended to destroy targets that have survived after a missile strike. Its huge arsenal is capable of carrying the Tu-160 aircraft, which is why its strategic status is fully justified.

In total, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include 76 such bombers. But this information is constantly changing due to the decommissioning of old aircraft and the acceptance of new aircraft.

We have described the main points regarding the purpose and composition of the Russian Federation, but in fact the armed forces are an extremely complex structure, which is understood from the inside only by specialists directly related to it.

The staff strength of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces) since January 1, 2018 - by 293 people, or 0.016%, from 1 million 903 thousand 51 people to 1 million 902 thousand 758 people.

At the same time, the number of military personnel remained the same: 1 million 13 thousand 628 people. The TASS-DOSIER editors have prepared a certificate on how the staffing of the Russian armed forces has changed.

The number of the Armed Forces after the collapse of the USSR

The number of military personnel in the USSR Armed Forces by the end of 1991 reached 3.7-3.8 million people (not including civilian personnel). On May 7, 1992, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree "On the Creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation." This document, among other things, required the Ministry of Defense to develop and submit proposals for "reducing the size and combat strength of the RF Armed Forces." At that time, according to various estimates, there were 2.5-2.8 million military personnel in Russia.

According to data from open sources, by 1994 the number of military personnel in Russia had decreased to 2.1 million, by 1996 - to 1.7 million (by 40% compared to 1992). On May 31, 1996, Yeltsin signed the Defense Law. Article 4 of the document stated that the powers of the head of state include the approval of the staffing level of military personnel of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies. From that moment on, the number of military personnel is established by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation. In total, seven such decrees have been published since 1997 (excluding the decree of November 17, 2017).

Decrees on the number of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

On July 16, 1997, Yeltsin, by decree "On Priority Measures to Reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and Improve Their Structure," established from January 1, 1999, the staff strength of the Armed Forces at 1.2 million people. On March 24, 2001, there was a further reduction in the staffing level of the Armed Forces. By Putin's decree "On Ensuring the Construction and Development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Improving Their Structure", the regular number of military personnel was reduced by 16.7% from January 1, 2006, to 1 million.

On November 28, 2005, by his decree, for the first time after the collapse of the USSR, Putin increased the number of military personnel (by 13%) - from 1 million to 1 million 134 thousand 800 people (since January 1, 2006). The same decree established for the first time the authorized strength of the RF Armed Forces (including civilian personnel) - 2 million 20 thousand 500 people.

On January 1, 2008, Putin left the number of military personnel unchanged from the date of signing the decree, slightly reducing only the total staff strength of the Armed Forces - to 2 million 19 thousand 629 people.

On December 29, 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, by decree "On Certain Issues of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", again reduced the total number of military personnel by 12%, to 1 million. At the same time, as part of the military reform launched by Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, it was announced the liquidation of the institute midshipmen and warrant officers, as well as the reduction of the central apparatus and administration of the Ministry of Defense by 2.5 times - from 22 thousand to 8.5 thousand people. In the same 2008, Serdyukov promised to reduce the officers of the Armed Forces by 2.3 times - from 355 thousand to 150 thousand.

However, already in 2011, the scale of the reduction of the officer corps was reduced. The institute of warrant officers and warrant officers was returned to the Armed Forces by the new Minister of Defense Sergei Shoigu. In April 2015, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Nikolai Pankov said that the number of officer corps in Russia is about 200 thousand people.

On July 8, 2016, Putin signed a decree "On the regular strength of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", which left the number of military personnel unchanged (1 million), but increased the total number of the Armed Forces by 542 - up to 1 million 885 thousand 371 people.

On March 28, 2017, for the first time since 2005, Putin increased the number of military personnel of the Armed Forces by 1.3% - from 1 million to 1 million 13 thousand 628 people. By the same decree, the total staffing of the Armed Forces (including civilian personnel) was increased from January 1, 2017 by 0.6% - up to 1 million 897 thousand 694 people, and from July 1, 2017 - by another 0.3% - up to 1 million 903 thousand 51 people.

The Russian Armed Forces have a three-service structure, which is more in line with today's requirements and makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of combat employment, greatly simplify the interaction of various branches of the Armed Forces, and reduce the cost of the command and control system.

At present, the Armed Forces structurally include three kind

• Ground troops,
• Air Force,
• Navy;

  three types of troops

as well as

• troops that are not part of the branches of the Armed Forces,

• Rear of the Armed Forces,
• organizations and military units for the construction and quartering of troops.

Structure of the Ground Forces

Ground troops as a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they are designed to conduct combat operations primarily on land. In terms of their combat capabilities, they are capable, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to conduct an offensive in order to defeat the enemy grouping and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to a great depth, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, firmly hold the occupied territories, areas and frontiers.

The leadership of the Ground Forces is entrusted to General Command of the Ground Forces.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces is such a governing body that combines full responsibility for the state of the branch of the Armed Forces, its construction, development, training and use.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is entrusted with the following tasks:

• carrying out the preparation of troops for conducting combat operations, based on the tasks determined by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
• improvement of the structure and composition, optimization of the number, incl. military branches and special troops;
• development of military theory and practice;
• development and implementation in the training of troops of combat regulations, manuals, methodological aids;
• improvement of operational and combat training of the Ground Forces jointly with other branches of the RF Armed Forces.

The Ground Forces include:

• types of troops - motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, military air defense, army aviation;
• special forces (formations and units - reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, technical support, automobile and rear protection);
• military units and institutions of the rear.

At present, the Ground Forces organizationally consist of

• military districts (Moscow, Leningrad, North Caucasus, Volga-Ural, Siberian and Far East),
• armies,
• army corps,
• motorized rifle (tank), artillery and machine gun-artillery divisions,
• fortified areas,
• brigades,
• individual military units
• military institutions,
• enterprises and organizations.

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the armed forces, which forms the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their battle formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, effective means of reconnaissance and control.

Tank forces- the main strike force of the Ground Forces and a powerful means of armed struggle, designed to solve the most important tasks in various types of military operations.

Rocket troops and artillery- the main firepower and the most important operational tool in solving combat missions to defeat enemy groupings.

Military air defense is one of the main means of defeating an air enemy. It consists of anti-aircraft missile, anti-aircraft artillery and radio engineering units and subunits.

Army Aviation designed for operations directly in the interests of combined arms formations, their air support, tactical air reconnaissance, tactical air assault landings and fire support for their actions, electronic warfare, minefields and other tasks.

The successful fulfillment of the tasks set before them by the combined arms formations is ensured by special troops (engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection) and services (weapons, rear).

In order to harmonize the efforts of the world community in matters of maintaining peace (implementation of paragraph 6 of the UN Charter "Observation Mission"), the Ground Forces are entrusted with the task of implementing the functions of peacekeeping activities. We provide assistance to other states in military construction, organizing the operation and maintenance of weapons and military equipment acquired from Russia, and training specialists in various fields in the educational institutions of the Ground Forces.

Currently, units and units of the Ground Forces are serving peacekeeping in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.

Air Force (Air Force)- type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are designed to conduct reconnaissance of enemy groupings; ensuring the gain of dominance (deterrence) in the air; protection from air strikes of important military-economic regions (objects) of the country and groupings of troops; air attack warnings; destruction of objects that form the basis of the military and military-economic potential of the enemy; air support for ground and naval forces; airborne landings; transportation of troops and materiel by air.

Structure of the Air Force

The Air Force includes the following types of troops:

• aviation (types of aviation - bomber, attack, fighter aircraft of air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special),
• anti-aircraft missile forces,
• radio engineering troops,
• special forces,
• units and institutions of the rear.

bomber aviation It is armed with long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers of various types. It is designed to defeat groupings of troops, destroy important military, energy facilities and communications centers mainly in the strategic and operational depth of the enemy’s defense. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles.

Attack aircraft Designed for aviation support of troops, engagement of manpower and objects mainly on the front line, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as combating enemy aircraft in the air.

One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is the high accuracy of hitting ground targets. Armament: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets.

Air defense fighter aircraft is the main maneuvering force of the air defense system and is designed to cover the most important directions and objects from enemy air attacks. It is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from the defended objects.

Air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

reconnaissance aviation Designed to conduct aerial reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and weather, can destroy enemy hidden objects.

Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, attack and fighter aircraft. To do this, they are specially equipped with photographic equipment for day and night shooting at various scales, radio and radar stations with high resolution, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, and magnetometers.

Reconnaissance aviation is subdivided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation.

Transport aviation designed for the transportation of troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, airborne landings, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc.

Special aviation designed for long-range radar detection and guidance, air-to-air refueling, electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, control and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescue of crews in distress, evacuation of the wounded and sick.

Anti-aircraft missile troops designed to protect the country's most important facilities and groupings of troops from enemy air strikes.

They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, which have great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons.

Radio engineering troops- the main source of information about an air enemy and are designed to conduct its radar reconnaissance, control the flights of its aircraft and comply with the rules for the use of airspace by aircraft of all departments.

They issue information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling air defense formations, units and subunits.

Radio-technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar complexes capable of detecting not only air but also surface targets at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference.

Units and divisions of communications are intended for the deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Units and subdivisions of electronic warfare designed to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation means of enemy air attack.

Units and divisions of communications and radio engineering support designed to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters.

Units and subunits of the engineering troops, as well as units and subunits of radiation, chemical and biological protection are designed to perform the most complex tasks of engineering and chemical support, respectively.

Navy (Navy) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is intended for the armed protection of the interests of Russia, the conduct of hostilities in the sea and ocean theaters of war. The Navy is capable of inflicting nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting ground forces in operations in continental theaters of military operations, landing amphibious assaults, participating in repelling landings enemy and perform other tasks.

Structure of the Navy

The Navy is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is subdivided into strategic nuclear forces and general purpose forces. Strategic nuclear forces have great nuclear missile power, high mobility and the ability to operate for a long time in various regions of the oceans.

The Navy consists of the following branches of forces:

• underwater,
• surface
• naval aviation, marines and coastal defense troops.

It also includes ships and vessels, special purpose units,

units and divisions of the rear.

submarine forces- the strike force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the World Ocean, covertly and quickly deploying in the right directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets. Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into missile and torpedo, and according to the type of power plant, nuclear and diesel-electric.

The main striking force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads. These ships are constantly in various areas of the World Ocean, ready for the immediate use of their strategic weapons.

Nuclear-powered submarines armed with ship-to-ship cruise missiles are mainly aimed at fighting large enemy surface ships.

Nuclear torpedo submarines are used to disrupt enemy submarine and surface communications and in the defense system against underwater threats, as well as to escort missile submarines and surface ships.

The use of diesel submarines (missile and torpedo) is associated mainly with the solution of typical tasks for them in limited areas of the sea.