When no one fought in ancient Greece. Entertaining questions and tasks for extracurricular work in history
Goals:
a) sum up the study of the topic “Ancient Greece”;
b) increase interest in the study of history;
c) systematize students' knowledge of the history of Ancient Greece;
d) on the example of the history of Ancient Greece, its culture, continue to instill in children a sense of beauty, during the competition - a sense of camaraderie, duty, respect for their friends;
e) identify the level of knowledge of students in parallel classes.
Members: 5th grade students - teams of 5 people.
It is best to hold a competition in a spacious classroom. In the foreground are tables for participants. To the right of the wall is the jury table, to the left is a table for cards with questions, etc. Spectators are placed at the opposite wall.
Competition program
1. Opening speech of the moderator.
a) Introduction of the teams and the jury. (Motto, slogan, greeting to rivals and jury)
b) Greetings to the “goddess Clio”.
2. Historical warm-up.
Figures and facts
Fill in the missing numbers and words
3. Competition of captains. "Can you be a speaker?"
4. Competition “Monuments of history and culture”
5. Home composition. Essay topics:
- Feat of Leonidas.
- National Assembly in Athens.
- Achievements and values of Athens.
- Sparta is the birthplace of valiant warriors.
6. Competition of artists.
7. Quiz for fans. Riddles.
8. Questions from the box.
9. Humor and history. Teams act out scenes from the life of the ancient Greeks (homemade).
10. Summing up.
11. Awarding of winners.
The course of the game-competition
1. The host informs the purpose of the competition, the procedure and rules for its conduct. Represents the members of the jury.
a) teams introduce themselves, give each other a song, poems or a wish for success in prose. This is necessary to create a warm friendly atmosphere.
b) “Goddess Clio” addresses the contestants with a greeting.
To you who came here
Ready for the competition
I turn my greetings.
I wish you, O sons of Herodotus:
Fight honestly under the vaults of the temple of science.
And shine no less with nobility,
Than thirsty for a fight!
May the Great Nike give
Victory to those who will be more worthy
And knowledge will show skillfully.
Muse of History - Clio -
Invites you.
2. HISTORICAL WORKOUT, “NUMBERS AND FACTS”
The leader alternately lays out cards with numbers on the table in front of the teams. In a minute, the teams must report the facts from the history of Ancient Greece related to these figures.
776 BC e. Greece hosted the first Olympic Games.
323 BC e. - Sudden death of Alexander the Great.
146 BC e. The Romans established their rule over Greece.
42 km - the distance from Marathon to Athens, which the Athenian warrior ran to report the victory over the Persians.
16 - the Macedonian phalanx consisted of 16 rows.
12 - so many feats, according to legend, Hercules performed.
11 - an eleven-meter statue of Athena was installed in the Parthenon.
10 - so many years of war between the Greeks and the Trojans.
7 - so many girls and boys were sent by King Aegeus to the island of Crete as a gift to the Minotaur.
INSERT THE MISSING NUMBERS AND WORDS.
The teams take turns filling in the missing numbers and words.
Nature divided Greece into. . . . . parts, (3)
Homer wrote. . . . poems. (2)
Solon reformed c. . . . century BC e. (6)
It was in the Greek alphabet. . . . letters. (24)
Pericles was elected to the highest office. . . . years in a row. (15l.)
The war between Athens and Sparta continued. . . . years. (27)
A gazebo with columns that protects from the sun is called. . . . (portico)
The Greek city-state is called. . . . (policy)
The council of the nobility in Athens is called. . . . (Areopagus)
What is the name of the building with many intricate passages? (maze)
The school where they did gymnastics, wrestling and running is called. . . (palaestra)
Who commanded the Greek army and fleet? (strategist)
They were called helots in Sparta. . . . ? (slaves)
Alexander the Great was a teacher. . . . ?(Aristotle)
3. CAPTAIN COMPETITION “CAN YOU BE A SPEAKER”
Imagine that an Athenian and a Spartan met, and each is trying to convince the other that the order in his state is better. You must pick up facts that will convince not only the debaters, but also the audience.
4. COMPETITION “MONUMENTS OF HISTORY AND CULTURE”
Blitz - a poll of teams.
What is the main achievement and discovery of the Greeks in writing?
(alphabet of 24 letters)
What did the Greeks write on? (on parchment)
Who is Herodotus? (father of history)
What sciences did the Greeks create? (history, physics, botany)
Which Greek scientist created geometry? (Euclid)
Name 2 Greek poems. (“Iliad”, “Odyssey”)
What vases are called red-figure?
What vases were called black-figure?
What sports compete in the Olympics?
(running, jumping, throwing, wrestling)
Which temple on the Acropolis is dedicated to Athena? (Parthenon)
Name the prominent Greek sculptors? (Phidias, Miron, Polykleitos)
5. HOME COMPOSITION. WORK TOPICS:
Feat of Leonidas;
National Assembly in Athens;
Achievements and values of Athens;
Sparta is the birthplace of valiant warriors.
6. COMPETITION OF ARTISTS.
An “artist” is allocated from each team
He must draw one or more occupations of the ancient Greeks. While the “artists” are painting, the competition continues among the audience.
7. QUIZ FOR FANS.
In which country was the first person to drink tea from porcelain cups and write on paper? (in China)
When did no one fight in ancient Greece? (during the Olympic Games).
When did the horse win the war? (Trojan horse).
Whose laws did Solon repeal? (Dragon).
At what age did Alexander the Great take the throne? (at age 20)
What issue did the National Assembly decide by open vote? (choice of strategist)
How many cities were named after Alexander the Great? (more than 20)
What does the Greek word for theater mean? (place for entertainment)
Explain terms and catchphrases:
Democracy
Citizens;
Palaestra;
Phalanx;
concise speech;
Achilles' heel;
Pyrrhic victory;
Trojan horse.
He will lead you astray
Or lead the way
It will make you close your eyes from fatigue.
News like lightning
Will deliver to everyone from heaven,
And his name is. . . (Hermes)Underground on a throne
He sits gloomy
Souls of the Hellenes of the Dead
He guards well.
Dog his ferocious Cerberus
Never sleep.
This god is called. . . (Hades)His appearance scares all the brides.
From the mountain his fire burns to heaven.
Thrones, a shield for a hero and many miracles
Kuet in his forge. . . (Hephaestus)White face and slim
She was born from the foam.
Full of love and not angry
This goddess. . . (Aphrodite)On the front of the Parthenon
Unusual picture:
Argued with Poseidon
Goddess of Wisdom. . . (Athena)He is a sharp shooter and plays the lyre.
Nine Muses accompany him.
In brilliance and light he appears -
Brother of Artemis, god. . . (Apollo)
8. QUESTIONS FROM THE DRAWER.
Each team is assigned two people. From the box, they alternately pull the numbers of questions and answer them.
1. What is a monarchy?
2. What was the name and what was the carefully processed skin of calves and lambs used for?
3. How did the Greeks call their country?
4. Who was called Cerberus?
5. The name of the majestic temple in honor of the goddess Athena?
6. How did Hercules clean out the stables of Augius?
7. Were the companions of Dionysus named?
8. How were the years counted in Greece?
9. Once Phidias was accused of dishonesty, how did he prove his innocence?
10. The second name of the city of Troy is. . . ?
11. He was the military leader of the Trojans. . . ?
12. He was the bravest warrior among the Greeks. . . ?
13. In the homeland of Odysseus, his wife waited for many years -?
9. HUMOR AND STORY .
Teams play scenes from the life of the ancient Greeks, (homework)
Diogenes, who came to the competition, seeing an inept archer, sat down right next to the target itself with the words:
This is the safest place.
Once Thales, looking at the stars on the way home, got so carried away that he fell into a hole. An old woman passing by helped the unlucky astronomer to get out, saying:
What can you, Thales, know in the sky when you do not see what is under your feet?!
10. SUMMING UP.
At today's lesson, we talked about Ancient Greece, that she gave the world examples of democracy, showed the image of a real citizen who knows how to reasonably combine rights and duties in her activities. Each of us must also be a patriot of our Motherland, love our Fatherland and be proud of it, take care of it. After all, as the ancient Greek poet Simonides of Keos said: “For complete happiness, a person needs a glorious Fatherland.” The future and glory of our Fatherland depends on you.
11. AWARDING OF WINNERS.
The teacher expresses gratitude to everyone for the shown knowledge. Announces the results of the competition. Laurel branches are awarded to the winners. The magazine can be graded "5".
1. In which country did they first drink tea from porcelain cups and write on paper? 2. When did no one fight in Ancient Greece? 3. Which library had fireproof books? 4. When did the volcano help people? 5. When did only one horse win the war? 6. Which countries had long walls? 7. When in history were shoes held in high esteem? 8. When and by whom was stupidity openly praised? 9. Where and when did the most peaceful domestic animals suddenly “eat people”? 10. Who "founded" the state that never existed? 11. What is the distance between Constantinople and Constantinople? 12. What are the names of the numbers we use? Where were they invented? 13. Which of the rulers of England provided patronage to pirates and slave traders? 14. Who was the inventor of the printing press? 15. What staircase has no one ever walked up? 16. When did flowers fight in history? 17. What was the name of the longest war in the world? 18. Who was the first European to reach the shores of India by sea? 19. What was the name of the peasant uprising in France after the most common male name? 20. Who owns the sayings: “The state is me”, “Citizens have no rights, there are only one duties?” 21. Under whose leadership was the British siege of the city of Orleans lifted? 22. Were Jan Hus and the Pope Opponents or Allies? 23. What was the name of bread in Old Slavonic? 24. Every 10 thousand warriors were called by the Mongols "darkness", and at their head was ... 25. The system of measures of the government of Ivan the Terrible, aimed at strengthening the autocracy and further enslaving the peasants? 26. Outerwear in Russia, called a word borrowed from the Tatars. 27. Which Russian city had an "evil character"? 28. Where did the word "pants" come from? 29. What blood vessel is the capital of a European state? 30. What was the surname of Peter I? 31. Who is said to have stopped the Sun and moved the Earth? 32. Which city is “worth mass”? 33. What is "Greek fire"? 34. What Russian tsar liked carpentry? 35. What rocket raced at a speed of 6-8 km / h? 36. Who was the king of "money bags"? 37. Which people had round heads? 38. Who and about whom said: "He walked on my left flank, but was my right hand"? 39. Which of the Russian tsars was nicknamed the "Peacemaker"? 40. Two historical figures lived in the same country, in the same century, became national heroes of their country and had the same names. Who is it? 41. When did the “money bag” rule Russia? 42. When in military history did a pig represent a danger? 43. How to get from Dorpat to Yuryev? 44. What railway station in Russia is called by name and patronymic? 45. What was the name of the community in Slavonic? 46. Which of the Russian tsars was nicknamed "The Quietest"? 47. Who was called "a rebel worse than Pugachev"? And for what? 48. What was the name of the magazine whose editor-in-chief was Catherine II? 49. Where and when could one meet the “dogs of the Lord”? 50. When in history was the broom held in high esteem? 51. Who ruled earlier: Henry IV of Bourbon or Henry VII Tudor? 52. When did the Bloody Tsar rule in Russia? 53. The ruler of what vast state lived in a “barn”? 54. Where did the "rodents" and "ragged" live? 55. What are "arabesques"? 56. Two historical figures of Russia were countrymen, had the same fate. They are separated by a period of one hundred years. Who is it? 57. Which country had the longest legislature? 58. Who said these words: “Minerals do not come into the yard by themselves”? 59. What does the expression “To chop on the nose” mean, what is its history? 60. In honor of what important historical events were the Cathedrals of St. Basil the Blessed and Christ the Savior built? 61. To whom and where was the monument "Grateful Russia" erected? 62. When and where was tea brewed right in the sea? 63. Against whom did the Luddites fight? 64. Tea, coffee, tobacco, corn. What do these items have in common? 65. In what country did the "mad" live? 66. The Soviet poet K. Simonov wrote in a poem that the battle took place "on the blue and wet crackling ice of Peipsi in six thousand seven hundred and fiftieth year from creation." What battle was he talking about? Why was the ice "wet"? When did this battle take place? Why does the poet indicate a different date? 67. The national anthem of France was composed in one city, and got its name from the name of another city. Why did it happen like that? Where and by whom was this hymn composed? What is it called? 68. Who said: “Each warrior must understand his maneuver. They fight not by numbers, but by skill”? 69. What does the expression "Scream at the top of Ivanovo" mean, what is its history? 70. What is there in common between the name of the American ballroom dance and the revolt of the North American colonies against English taxation? 71. Who said: "The creation of one's own industry is a fundamental not only economic, but also a political task"? 72. What was the name of the capital of the Drevlyans, burned by Princess Olga as revenge for the murder of her husband Prince Igor? 73. What did the word "kutafya" mean in Russia? 74. What are "sulits"? 75. Who were the "youths" in Ancient Russia? 76. About whom A. S. Pushkin said: “The ruler is weak and crafty. Bald dandy. Enemy of labor. Unintentionally warmed by glory, ”and Vyazemsky:“ The Sphinx, unsolved to the grave ... ”? Whom did they mean? 77. What was the name of the policy of the Bolsheviks during the civil war? 78. What does the expression "Tarabar letter" mean? 79. What was the name of the king in Russia, who ruled between the Rurik and Romanov dynasties. 80. What is common between the natural phenomenon, the novel by I. Ehrenburg and the reign of N. Khrushchev. 81. Who are dissidents? 82. What bird in Russia from time immemorial has become a symbol of courage and daring? 83. What color was the first naval ensign in Russia? 84. What "exotic" animals did Peter I successfully put up near Pskov against the Swedish cavalry? 85. Who is a cavalry girl? 86. Who were the first to make a non-stop flight across the North Pole from Moscow to Portland (USA)? 87. When was the salute to the winners given for the first time during the Great Patriotic War? 88. What is the Pashkov House famous for? 89. One source states: “The battle of Borodino began early in the morning on August 26, 1812.” The French historian Rambaud, describing the battle of Borodino, wrote: "September 7, 1812, the battle began at 5 o'clock in the morning." How to explain this discrepancy in sources? Who is right? 90. What period of Russian culture N. A. Berdyaev in his work calls the "Russian cultural renaissance"? 91. What does the expression "Saryn, to the kitchka!" Mean? 92. What animal served as a riding horse in the Swedish army in the 15th century, and then as a courier and policeman? 93. What historical events are captured in the paintings of Surikov V.I. “Boyar Morozova” and “Morning of the Streltsy Execution”. 94. How did the “lesson years” differ from the “forbidden years”? 95. What was the name of the first printed book published in 1564 in Russia? 96. Who are Barma and Postnik, and why are they famous? 97. "The dictatorship of the heart", "velvet dictatorship", "the policy of a fluffy tail and a wolf's mouth" was called by contemporaries the internal political course ... Whom? 98. The Baroness has always been faithful to her footman. And even followed him to the scaffold. What events are we talking about? Baronessa and her lackey - who are they? 99. What did the phenomenon called lend-lease mean? 100. What does the expression "Red Thread" mean?
Lesson-generalizations on the topic "History of Ancient Greece"(History teacher Kudryavtseva Elena Fedorovna)
COMPETITION OF EXPERTS IN THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE
Competition for 5th grade students on the history of Ancient Greece.
This type of activity involves the systematization of knowledge, the generalization of the material covered, and arouses interest in the study of history.
The game is divided into a number of stages: - the preparatory stage, the game itself and the final stage.
Involves a variety of activities:
Checking home compositions on a predetermined topic;
Historical warm-up, work with cards on the main dates;
Compilation of oral stories about Ancient Greece;
Drawings on the topic "Classes of the Greeks";
Involving fans in the game through a quiz for them;
^ Purpose: development of cognitive interest of students.
Summarize the study of the topic "Ancient Greece";
Increase interest in the study of history;
To systematize students' knowledge of the history of Ancient Greece;
On the example of the history of Ancient Greece, its culture, continue to instill in children a sense of beauty, during the competition - a sense of camaraderie, duty, respect for their friends;
To identify the level of knowledge of students in parallel classes.
Participants: students of the 5th grade - teams of 5 people.
^ Competition program
1. Opening speech of the presenter,
A) Presentation of the teams and the jury.
B) Greeting "goddess Clio".
2. Historical warm-up.
Figures and facts
Fill in the missing numbers and words
3. Competition of captains. "Can you be a speaker?"
4. Competition "Monuments of history and culture"
5. Home composition. Essay topics:
Feat of Leonidas.
National Assembly in Athens
Achievements and values of Athens
Sparta is the birthplace of valiant warriors.
6. Competition of artists.
7. Quiz for fans. Riddles. Crossword.
8. Questions from the box.
9. Humor and history. Teams play scenes from the life of the ancient Greeks, (homework)
10. Summing up.
11. Awarding of winners.
The course of the game - competition
1. The host informs the purpose of the competition, the procedure and rules for its conduct. Represents the members of the jury.
A) teams introduce themselves, give each other a song, poems or a wish for success in prose. This is necessary to create a warm friendly atmosphere.
B) the “goddess Clio” addresses the participants of the competition with a greeting
To you who have come here, ready to compete,
I turn my greetings.
I wish you, O sons of Herodotus:
Fight honestly under the vaults of the temple of science ..
And shine no less with nobility,
Than thirsty for a fight!
Let the Great Nike bestow
Victory to those who will be more worthy
And knowledge will show skillfully.
Muse of History - Clio -
Invites you.
^ 2. HISTORICAL WORKOUT, "NUMBERS AND FACTS"
The leader alternately lays out cards with numbers on the table in front of the teams. In a minute, the teams must report facts from the history of Ancient Greece related to these numbers.
776 BC e. Greece hosted the first Olympic Games. 323 BC e. - Sudden death of Alexander the Great. 146 BC e. The Romans established their rule over Greece.
42 km - the distance from Marathon to Athens, which the Athenian warrior ran to announce the victory over the Persians
16 - the Macedonian phalanx consisted of 16 rows.
12 - so many feats, according to legend, Hercules performed ..
11 - an eleven-meter statue of Athena was installed in the Parthenon.
10 - so many years of war between the Greeks and the Trojans.
7 - so many girls and boys were sent by King Aegeus to the island of Crete as a gift to the Minotaur.
^ INSERT THE MISSING NUMBERS AND WORDS.
The teams take turns filling in the missing numbers and words.
Nature divided Greece into ..... parts, (3)
Homer wrote .... poems. (2)
Solon carried out reforms in the .... century BC. e. (6)
The Greek alphabet had .... letters. (24)
Pericles was elected to the highest position .... for years in a row. (15l.)
The war between Athens and Sparta lasted .... years. (27)
A gazebo with columns that protects from the sun is called .... (portico)
Greek city - the state is called .... (polis)
The council of the nobility in Athens is called .... (Areopagus)
What is the name of the building with many intricate passages? (maze)
The school where they did gymnastics, wrestling and running is called ... (palestra)
Who commanded the Greek army and fleet? (strategist)
Helots in Sparta were called .... (slaves)
The teacher of Alexander the Great was .... (Aristotle)
3. ^ CAPTAIN COMPETITION "CAN YOU BE A SPEAKER"
Imagine that an Athenian and a Spartan met, and each is trying to convince the other that the order in his state is better. You must pick up facts that will convince not only the debaters, but also the audience.
4.^ COMPETITION "MONUMENTS OF HISTORY AND CULTURE"
Blitz - a poll of teams.
What is the main achievement and discovery of the Greeks in writing?
(alphabet of 24 letters)
What did the Greeks write on? (on parchment)
Who is Herodotus? (father of history)
What sciences did the Greeks create? (history, physics, botany, politics)
Which Greek scientist created geometry? (Euclid)
Name 2 Greek poems.
("Iliad", "Odyssey")
What vases are called red-figure?
What vases were called black-figure?
What sports compete in the Olympics?
(running, jumping, throwing, wrestling)
Which temple on the Acropolis is dedicated to Athena? (Parthenon)
Name the prominent Greek sculptors? (Phidias, Miron, Polykleitos)
^ 5. HOME COMPOSITION. WORK TOPICS:
Feat of Leonidas;
National Assembly in Athens;
Achievements and values of Athens;
Sparta is the birthplace of valiant warriors.
^ 6. ARTIST COMPETITION.
From each team stands out "artist"
He must draw one or more occupations of the ancient Greeks. While the "artists" draw, the competition continues among the audience.
^ 7.QUIZ FOR FANS.
In which country was the first person to drink tea from porcelain cups and write on paper?
(in China)
When did no one fight in ancient Greece? (during the Olympic Games).
When did the horse win the war? (Trojan horse).
Whose laws did Solon repeal? (Dragon).
At what age did Alexander the Great take the throne?
What issue did the National Assembly decide by open vote? (choice of strategist)
How many cities were named after Alexander the Great? (more than 20)
What does theater mean in Greek? (place for entertainment)
Explain terms and catchphrases:
Democracy
Citizens;
Palaestra;
Speaker;
Phalanx;
concise speech;
Achilles' heel;
Pyrrhic victory;
Trojan horse.
1. He will lead you astray
Or lead the way
It will make you close your eyes from fatigue.
News like lightning
Will deliver to everyone from heaven,
And his name is ... (Hermes)
2.Underground on the trail
He sits gloomy
Souls of the Hellenes of the Dead
He is endowed with guarding.
Dog his ferocious Cerberus
Never sleep.
This god is called ... (Hades)
3. With his appearance, he scares all the brides.
From the mountain his fire burns to heaven.
Thrones, a shield for a hero and many miracles
Forges in his blacksmith ... (Hephaestus)
4.White and slender,
She was born from the foam.
Full of love and not angry
This goddess ... (Aphrodite)
5. At the front of the Parthenon
Unusual picture:
Argued with Poseidon
Goddess of Wisdom... (Athena)
6. He is a sharp shooter and plays the lyre.
Nine Muses accompany him.
In brilliance and light he appears -
Brother of Artemis, god... (Apollo)
^ 8. QUESTIONS FROM THE DRAWER.
Each team is assigned two people. From the box, they alternately pull the numbers of questions and answer them.
1. What is a monarchy?
2. What was the name and what was the carefully processed skin of calves and lambs used for?
3. How did the Greeks call their country?
4. Who was called Cerberus?
5. The name of the majestic temple in honor of the goddess Athena?
6. How did Hercules clean out the stables of Augius?
7. The companions of Dionysus were called ..?
8. How were the years counted in Greece?
9. Once Phidias was accused of dishonesty, how did he prove his innocence?
10. The second name of the city of Troy is ...?
11. The military leader of the Trojans was ...?
12. The bravest warrior among the Greeks was ...
13. In the homeland of Odysseus, his wife waited for many years -
^ 9. HUMOR AND STORY.
Teams play scenes from the life of the ancient Greeks, (homework)
10. SUMMING UP.
At today's lesson, we talked about Ancient Greece, that she gave the world examples of democracy, showed the image of a real citizen who knows how to reasonably combine rights and duties in her activities. Each of us must also be a patriot of our Motherland, love our Fatherland and be proud of it, take care of it. After all, as the ancient Greek poet Simonides of Keos said, “for complete happiness, a person needs a glorious Fatherland.” The future and glory of our Fatherland depends on you.
11. AWARDING OF WINNERS.
Laurel branches are awarded to the winners.
Guys, help ... No one knows .. We went through the history of the Mongol-Tatars, so what do you think? We were asked to write 10 Tatar words that are nowused. For example! I know this is not the case: chair is a Tatar word and we use it. Help
"USSR" PLEASE HELP: 1) why there was no section on the evacuation of people and enterprises in the Soviet mobilization plan 2) who3) plan "barberry" is
4) who was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars during the war
5) who led the evacuation council during the war
6) what was used to rebuild the economy on a war footing
7) the reasons for the victories of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad
8) with whom the USSR did not fight during the Great Patriotic War
9) the reasons for the failure of the plan of the German offensive on Kursk
10) what battle in the 2nd world war stopped the advance of the Nazis
who could say such words about himself? for what reason? 1. I hid him, I hid him out of fear so that he would not be killed. I called the inhabitants of the swampsFor them to help me. One wise woman told me: "Do not be discouraged and do not be afraid! Your child is inaccessible to his opponent: thickets are impassable, death does not enter through them!" 2. Envy and malice torment me. The one whom I envy is handsome, kind, commands thousands of people. They all curse and hate me. For the sake of seizing power in the country, I will do anything, up to murder. 3. My name is Adamat, which means "Eater", Those of you who did not do evil and were not the cause of other people's tears, do not be afraid of my sharp teeth. But woe to envious people, liars and thieves! Sooner or later we will meet with them.
Help answer briefly 1. Who led the Russian army on the Kulikovo field?2. Who fought with Chelubey on the Kulikovo field, how did the fight end?
3. Which of the monks was sent by St. Sergei of Radonezh with Dmitry Donskoy to the Battle of Kulikovo?
4. Whom did Alexander Nevsky defeat on Lake Peipus?
5. What was the first military rank given to Alexander Suvorov?
6. Why did Fyodor Ushakov receive his first order, and which one?
7. What mountains in Europe did the Russian army led by Suvorov cross?
8. What was the first heroic deed performed by the young cadet Fedya Ushakov?
9. How many Russian ships were lost when Ushakov led the fleet?
10. Who led the Russian fleet during the capture of the island of Corfu?
11. What kind of highly moral, dignified behavior did the Russian army differ from the cruel Turkish army during the war with France at the end of the 18th century?
12. Name the highest naval order introduced since the Second World War.
13. The Order, which is awarded to officers of the navy, since the time of the World War, for skillful and good organization, ensured military success.
14. Which of the Russian princes led the militia in troubled times at the beginning of the 17th century?
15. Who and in what city of Russia publicly and publicly called to act as a militia against the unrest and Polish intervention at the beginning of the 17th century?
16. Who led the Russian army during the war against Napoleon in 1812?
17. Name a Russian Orthodox warrior glorified as a holy martyr during the modern war against Chechen bandits?
18. Name the Russian Orthodox priest-rector of the church in honor of the Archangel Michael of Grozny, who was brutally murdered by Chechen fighters.
19. How should a Russian Orthodox warrior treat the enemies of his fatherland?
20. How old was Suvorov when he, when he led the Russian army, crossed the Alps?
21. What was the first battle won by the commander of the fleet, Rear Admiral Ushakov?
22. What was the first victory that Ushakov brought to the entire Russian fleet, commanding only its vanguard?
Who wants to answer, who does not want, does not answer
Entertaining questions and tasks for extracurricular work in history
Questions
1. In what country did they first drink tea from porcelain cups and write on paper?
2. When did no one fight in Ancient Greece?
3. Which library had fireproof books?
4. When did the volcano help people?
5. When did only one horse win the war?
6. Which countries had long walls?
7. When in history were shoes held in high esteem?
8. When and by whom was stupidity openly praised?
9. Where and when did the most peaceful domestic animals suddenly "devour people"?
10. Who "founded" the state that never existed?
Answers
1. Paper and porcelain were invented in China.
2. During the Olympic Games.
3. In the library of the capital of Assyria, Nineveh, there were clay books.
4. During the Spartacus uprising, the gladiators hid on the top of Mount Vesuvius, and then descended along a sheer cliff on ropes woven from the vines of wild grapes that grew there.
5. The Trojan horse alone did what the whole army could not do for a long time.
6. In China - GreattoChinese wall; walls connecting the Athenian port of Piraeus with Athens.
7. The peasant war in Germany in 1525, when the rebels marched under the banner on which the village shoe was inscribed. The uprising became known as "Under the Banner of the Shoe."
8. In the book of the medieval scholar E. Rotterdam "A laudatory word of stupidity."
9. In England, during the period of fencing, the saying arose "sheep devoured people."
10. Thomas More described the non-existent state "Utopia"
Questions
11. What is the distance between Constantinople and Constantinople?
12. What are the names of the numbers we use? Where were they invented?
13. Which of the rulers of England provided patronage to pirates and slave traders?
14. Who was the inventor of the printing press?
15. What staircase has no one ever walked up?
16. When did flowers fight in history?
17. What was the name of the longest war in the world?
18. Who was the first European to reach the shores of India by sea?
19. What was the name of the peasant uprising in France after the most common male name?
20. Who owns the sayings: “The state is me”, “Citizens have no rights, there are only one duties?”
Answers
11. These are different names for the same city.
12. In everyday life, we use numbers that were invented in India, and they came to Europe with the Arabs, so they got the name “Arab”.
13. Elizabeth I
14. Johannes Gutenberg.
15. According to the feudal.
16. In England, internecine war between the feudal families of the White and Scarlet Roses.
17. Hundred Years War between England and France 1337-1453
18. Vasco da Gama.
19. Jacquerie.
20. Louis XIV.
Questions
21. Under whose leadership was the British siege of the city of Orleans lifted?
22. Jan Hus and the Pope were opponents or allies?
23. What was the name of bread in Old Slavonic?
24. Every 10 thousand warriors were called by the Mongols "darkness", and at their head stood ...
25. The system of measures of the government of Ivan the Terrible, aimed at strengthening the autocracy and further enslaving the peasants?
26. Outerwear in Russia, called a word borrowed from the Tatars.
27. Which Russian city had an "evil character"?
28. Where did the word "pants" come from?
29. What blood vessel is the capital of a European state?
30. What was the surname of Peter I?
Answers
21. Jeanne d´ Ark.
22. Opponents.
23. Zhito.
24. Temnik.
25. Oprichnina.
26. Armenian.
27. At Kozelsk, the Tatars-Mongols called it the "evil city" for the desperate resistance they put up for 11 weeks.
28. Wool and cloth, from which these clothes were sewn, were produced in the city of Bruges.
29. Vienna.
30. He is from the Romanov family.
Questions
31. Who is said to have stopped the Sun and moved the Earth?
32. Which city is “worth mass”?
33. What is "Greek fire"?
34. What Russian tsar liked carpentry?
35. Which rocket raced at a speed of 6-8 km / h?
36. Who was the king of "money bags"?
37. Which people had round heads?
38. Who and about whom said: "He walked on my left flank, but was my right hand"?
39. Which of the Russian tsars was nicknamed the "Peacemaker"?
40. Two historical figures lived in the same country, in the same century, became national heroes of their country and had the same names. Who is it?
Answers
31. The teachings of Nicolaus Copernicus turned the idea of the world upside down. Before that, it was believed that all the planets, including the Sun, revolve around the Earth.
32. Henry IV said this about Paris when he switched from one faith to another in order to gain the throne.
33. A combustible liquid that the Byzantines used in battles against the Arabs and Slavs.
34. Peter I.
35. The first steam locomotive invented by Steffenson was called the Rocket, and its speed was originally 6-8 km / h.
36. Louis Philippe in France expressed the interests of the financial bourgeoisie.
37. The Parliamentarians in England in 1642 dressed simply, did not wear wigs, and were nicknamed "roundheads" for this.
38. A. V. Suvorov about M. I. Kutuzov after the capture of Izmail.
39. Alexander II.
40. In the Czech Republic in the 15th century, Jan Hus and Jan Zizka.
Questions
41. When did the “money bag” rule Russia?
42. When in military history did a pig represent a danger?
43. How to get from Dorpat to Yuryev?
44. What railway station in Russia is called by name and patronymic?
45. What was the name of the community in Slavonic?
46. Which of the Russian tsars was nicknamed "The Quietest"?
47. Who was called "a rebel worse than Pugachev"?
48. What was the name of the magazine, the editor-in-chief of which was Catherine II?
49. Where and when could one meet the “dogs of the Lord”?
50. When in history was the broom held in high esteem?
Answers
41. In the XIV century - Prince Ivan Danilovich, nicknamed Kalita, i.e. "money bag".
42. In the Battle of the Ice, the troops of the German knights were built in a formidable wedge - the “pig”.
43. Different names of the same city.
44. In Siberia, the station "Erofey Pavlovich" is named after the Russian explorer Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov.
45. Rope.
46. Alexey Mikhailovich.
47. N. A. Radishchev for the book Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
48. "All sorts of things."
49. So called members of the Jesuit order, founded in 1540 by the Spanish nobleman Ignatius Loyola. They also appeared in Europe.
50. In Russia in the XVI century. under Ivan the Terrible during the period of the oprichnina. The distinctive sign of the guardsman was a dog's head and a broom, which meant: like a dog sniffing out enemies and sweeping them with a broom.
Questions:
51. Who ruled before: Henry IV of Bourbon or Henry VII Tudor?
52. When did the Bloody Tsar rule in Russia?
53. The ruler of what vast territory of the state lived in a “barn”?
54. Where did the "rodents" and "ragged" live?
55. What are "arabesques"?
56. Two historical figures of Russia were countrymen, had the same fate. They are separated by a period of one hundred years. Who is it?
57. Which country had the longest legislature?
58. Who said these words: “Minerals do not come into the yard by themselves”?
59. What does the expression "Hack on the nose" mean, what is its history?
60. In honor of what important historical events were built the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed and Christ the Savior?
Answers
51. Henry VII Tudor reigned in England in the 80s of the 15th century, and Henry IV of Bourbon ruled in France in the 70s of the 16th century.
52. Nicholas II, in 1894-1917 He was nicknamed so for the event of January 9, 1905, World War I, the events on the Khodynka field associated with his coronation.
53. The capital of the state of Batu Khan was on the Volga and was called Sarai-Batu.
54. In the XVI century. in France there was an uprising of crocans, or "rodents". "Ragged men" were called Gezes during the Dutch bourgeois revolution of the 16th century.
55. Arabic ornament of geometric shapes, leaves, flowers.
56. S. T. Razin and E. I. Pugachev. Both come from the Zimoveyskaya village on the Don. Razin was the leader of the peasant war in Russia at the end of the 17th century, Pugachev was the leader of the peasant war in Russia at the end of the 18th century. Both were executed in Moscow.
57. Long Parliament in England.
58. M. V. Lomonosov.
59. The nose is a commemorative plaque, a tag for records. They carried it with them and made notches as a keepsake. Means "to remember for a long time."
60. St. Basil's Cathedral - in honor of the capture of Kazan and annexation to Russia on October 2, 1552, and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior - in honor of the victory of Russian troops in the Patriotic War of 1812.
Questions:
61. To whom and where was the monument "Grateful Russia" erected?
62. When and where was tea brewed right in the sea?
63. Against whom did the Luddites fight?
64. Tea, coffee, tobacco, corn. What do these items have in common?
65. In what country did the "mad" live?
66. Soviet poet K. Simonov wrote in a poem that the battle took place
"on blue and wet
Chudsky crackling ice
six thousand seven hundred and fifty
from the creation of the year."
What battle was he talking about? Why was the ice "wet"? When did this battle take place? Why does the poet indicate a different date?
67. The national anthem of France was composed in one city, and got its name from the name of another city. Why did it happen? Where and by whom was this hymn composed? What is it called?
68. Who said: “Each warrior must understand his maneuver. They fight not by numbers, but by skill”?
69. What does the expression "Scream at the top of Ivanovo" mean, what is its history?
70. What is there in common between the name of the American ballroom dance and the revolt of the North American colonies against the English taxation?
Answers
61. In Moscow, on Red Square, there is a monument to the sculptor I.P. Martos in honor of Prince D.M. Pozharsky and citizen K. Minin. The monument states that it was erected by "grateful Russia".
62. In 1773, English merchants brought to Boston, an English colony in North America, a large consignment of tea, which was taxed by Parliament. Bostonians, disguised as Indians, attacked the ships and threw the tea into the sea. The event went down in history as the Boston Tea Party.
63. Luddites were called destroyers of machines in England, therefore, they fought against machines and equipment installed in capitalist enterprises.
64. All of them penetrated into Europe from the New World, were considered in Europe as "colonial" goods.
65. In France during the French Revolution. In 1793, the extreme measures, led by Jacques Roux, were called "mad" by the Girondins.
66. We are talking about the Battle of the Ice, which took place on Lake Peipsi. The ice was already a little melted, as it was spring. The battle took place on April 5, 1242, according to the chronology adopted in Russia under Peter I. Before that, in Russia, the years were counted from the “creation of the world”, according to the old chronology, and the date of the battle is indicated.
67. During the French Revolution, officer Rouget de Lille in Strasbourg composed a revolutionary song in one night. For the first time it was performed by a detachment, speaking from the city of Marseilles. The song was liked, spread, it was sung by the whole country. The name of the city from where she became known, the song was called "La Marseillaise". It became the national anthem of France. S. Zweig has a short story about the history of the creation of the Marseillaise, it is called “The Genius of One Night”.
68. A. V. Suvorov "The Science of Victory".
69. In the Moscow Kremlin, near the bell tower of Ivan the Great, there was Ivanovskaya Square. On it, all important sovereign decrees were publicly announced to the people. It is used in the sense of condemnation when a person speaks too loudly.
70. The American waltz is called "Boston", the uprising of North American colonists was called the "Boston Tea Party"
Questions
71. Who said: "The creation of one's own industry is a fundamental not only economic, but also a political task"?
72. What was the name of the capital of the Drevlyans, burned by Princess Olga as revenge for the murder of her husband Prince Igor?
73. What did the word "kutafya" mean in Russia?
74. What are "sulits"?
75. Who were the "youths" in Ancient Russia?
76. About whom A. S. Pushkin said: “The ruler is weak and crafty. Bald dandy. Enemy of labor. Unintentionally warmed by fame, ”and Vyazemsky:“ The Sphinx, unsolved to the grave ... ”? Whom did they mean?
77. What was the name of the policy of the Bolsheviks during the civil war?
78. What does the expression "Tarabar letter" mean?
79. What was the name of the king in Russia, who ruled between the Rurik and Romanov dynasties.
80. What is common between a natural phenomenon, the novel by I. Ehrenburg and the reign of N. Khrushchev
Answers
71. S. Yu. Witte.
72. Iskorosten.
73. This was the name of a slovenly dressed woman in Russia.
74. In the XIII century. one of the elements of throwing weapons of Russian soldiers, which is often mentioned in chronicles.
75. Junior members of the prince's squad.
76. Alexandra I
77. "War Communism"
78. A letter written in a special, secret way was used in secret correspondence of the 12th-13th centuries. In the 19th century gibberish letters were used by officials, at a later time - by the Old Believers. Means "to speak in a language incomprehensible to most".
79. B. Godunov, 1589–1605
80. They have the common name "thaw", i.e. temporary warming, softening of the political regime: the debunking of Stalin's personality cult, the rehabilitation of the repressed, etc.
Questions
81. Who are dissidents?
82. What bird in Russia from time immemorial has become a symbol of courage and daring?
83. What color was the first naval ensign in Russia?
84. What "exotic" animals did Peter I successfully put up near Pskov against the Swedish cavalry?
85. Who is a cavalry girl?
86. Who were the first to make a non-stop flight across the North Pole from Moscow to Portland (USA)?
87. When was the salute to the winners given for the first time during the Great Patriotic War?
88. What is the Pashkov House famous for?
89. One source states: "The battle of Borodino began early in the morning on August 26, 1812." The French historian Rambaud, describing the battle of Borodino, wrote: "September 7, 1812, the battle began at 5 o'clock in the morning." How to explain this discrepancy in sources? Who is right?
90. What period of Russian culture does N.A. Berdyaev call the "Russian Cultural Renaissance" in his work?
Answers
81. People who advocated the observance of human rights, the democratization of social and political life in the USSR in the mid-1960s-1980s.
82. Falcon.
83. Red-white-blue.
84. Camels.
85. Nadezhda Durova - participant in the Patriotic War of 1812
86. The crew of the aircraft Heroes of the Soviet Union V. P. Chkalov, G. F. Baidukov and A. V. Belyakov in 1937
87. August 5, 1943 Moscow for the first time saluted the winners with artillery salvos. Since that time, every major victory was celebrated with fireworks in the capital.
88. Famous Russian architect of the 2nd half of the 18th century. V. I. Bazhenov built a private house in Moscow, in which, since 1861, the first public library in Moscow was located.
89. Both sources are right, the dates in one case are given according to the old style, in the other - according to the new one.
90. Silver age.
Questions
91. What does the expression "Saryn, to the kitchka!" Mean?
92. What animal served as a riding horse in the Swedish army in the 15th century, and then as a courier and policeman?
93. What historical events are captured in the paintings of V.I. Surikov "Boyarynya Morozova" and "Morning of the Streltsy Execution".
94. How did the “lesson years” differ from the “forbidden years”?
95. What was the name of the first printed book published in 1564 in Russia?
96. Who are Barma and Postnik, and why are they famous?
97. "The dictatorship of the heart", "velvet dictatorship", "the policy of a fluffy tail and a wolf's mouth" was called by contemporaries the internal political course ... Whom?
98. The Baroness has always been faithful to her footman. And even followed him to the scaffold. What events are we talking about? The baroness and her footman - who are they?
99. What did the phenomenon called lend-lease mean?
100. What does the expression "Red Thread" mean?
Answers
91. Cry when capturing ships. Saryn is a bum. Kichka - the front of the ship. While robbing the rich, the robbers on the Volga and other rivers did not touch the poor. Means "to step aside, to hide, not to interfere."
92. Elk.
93. Church schism 1653-1656 The massacre of Peter I with the rebellious archers in 1698
94. "Lesson years" - the terms during which the owner of the land could return the serfs who left him. "Reserved summers" - the periods during which the peasant transition from one owner to another on St. George's Day was temporarily prohibited.
95. "Apostle", printed by Ivan Fedorov.
96. Architects of the "St. Basil's Cathedral" or Pokrovsky Cathedral "on the moat" in Moscow.
97. M. T. Loris-Melikov.
98. During the French Revolution, King Louis XVI tried to leave the country under the guise of a lackey. His wife, Marie Antoinette, had a foreign passport prepared in the name of Baroness Korf, who was leaving for Russia with a lackey. At one of the postal stations, the king was identified and returned to Paris, where he was greeted by the people with deathly silence. Later, in January 1793, the king was executed. Marie Antoinette was also sent to the scaffold.
99. Assistance provided by the USA to the USSR in the form of arms, ammunition, food supplies.
100. The expression entered the speech of several peoples from the language of English sailors at the end of the 18th century. Since 1776, by order of the Admiralty, a red thread was woven into all the ropes of the English navy along the entire length of the rope. It was possible to pull it out only by destroying the rope itself. The British naval rope was recognizable everywhere. It is used in the meaning of the very essence, a constant sign.
Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon
At the foot of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower stands the famous Tsar Bell. It was cast in the Kremlin by caster Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail in 1733-1735. In 1737, a fire broke out in Moscow, which also engulfed the Kremlin. From uneven cooling during fire extinguishing, the red-hot bell cracked. A piece weighing 11.5 tons broke off from it. After the fire, it was in a pit, and only in 1836, according to a specially designed project by the architect Montferrand, was it raised and installed on a pedestal.
The Tsar Bell is the largest in the world. Its weight is 200 tons, height - 6.14 m, diameter - 6.6 meters.
Not far from the bell there is an interesting monument of the 16th century - the Tsar Cannon. It was cast from bronze by the Russian master Andrei Chokhov in 1586. Its weight is 40 tons, length is 5 meters 34 centimeters. Caliber - 890 millimeters. In terms of caliber, it was the largest gun in the world. They were supposed to shoot from it with buckshot. It met all the requirements that were imposed on combat orders of the 16th century, and was intended for the defense of the Moscow Kremlin. The carriage and the cannonballs lying near it are decorative, cast iron; they were cast in 1835 in St. Petersburg at the Byrd factory. Each core weighs 1 ton.
Everything in the Kremlin attracts: both the golden-domed cathedrals, shining with domes in the sun, and the ancient stones, turned into snow-white lace by wizards in the old days. And, bypassing the Kremlin, we, of course, admire the walls and towers that protected Muscovites from enemies. Here, every inch of the earth is the history of our people, and therefore, seeing the sights of the ancient Kremlin, we feel a sense of deep pride in our people, our state and our history.
POEMS
1. You have no equal in the world,
Old Moscow!
Shine of days, forever glorious,
You will always be alive.
The city built by Dolgoruky
In the middle of dense forests
The grandchildren lovingly lifted up
Above other cities!
Here Ivan Vasilyevich the Third
I broke the yoke of slavery,
Here, for a long series of centuries,
It was the source of our strength.
Here I found my obstacle
Poles arrogant army;
Napoleon had to
To unravel the fluctuation of happiness.
Here, as it was, so now -
Holy heart of all Russia,
Here stand her shrines
Behind the Kremlin wall!
Here the paths crossed
From all six seas
This is where the greats studied.
Believe in your country!
Expanding, growing
All in palaces and all in gardens
You stand, holy Moscow,
On its seven hills...
You stand shining with gold
immense domes,
Over the east and sunset
The roof of the bells ripples.
2. Moscow River, praise to you!
You've seen a lot over the centuries.
Whenever you could speak
You would have a lot to say.
Would you tell us about
How people started to settle
Behind the tyn - tyn, behind the house - the house,
Grew on your shore
The beginning of the future capital.
You reflected in the surface of the waters
That first Kremlin and the new city,
What did our Russian people build
Under the first pine wall.
This is the first town
At the crossroads of all roads.
3. It was a terrible year when all countries
Feared more than fire
Batu - the grandson of Genghis Khan,
Cursing your neighborhood with him ...
There was a terrible age when the Mongols
They went to Russia like an avalanche,
On an autumn day across the bare steppe,
Topcha dry feather grasses.
So it went like a monstrous stream
In Russia, the Mongol horde
In one cruel quest
Burn and plunder cities.
4. In this memorable year - 1328
Muscovites for a reason
They gave the nickname to the prince:
Ivan Kalita.
"Kalita" means a bag for coins,
And more precisely, there is no nickname for the prince! ..
And from this time
The Khan did not send the Baskaks to the places for tribute -
Ivan Kalita sent his clerks.
And they brought all the good not to the Tatars, not to the camp,
And to Moscow, right to the Kremlin, to decide
Prince Ivan -
What will go to the Tatars, what will he himself,
That in payment will go to those who need him ...
So all the roads of the earth led to Moscow.
The princes could not be at enmity with Kalita.
Today, the princes can’t argue with Moscow -
After all, just a little - Prince Ivan collects shelves.
The heavier the yoke lifts the people,
The sooner the stronger the economy grows.
The richer Moscow is, the larger the economy,
It is more convenient for Ivan to reign over her.
And Moscow gathered cities around itself.
From now on, the Horde considered only Moscow.
5. And here are the first hours -
Spasskaya tower chimes.
Huge millstone for beauty
Painted with blue paint.
The heavy dial creaks -
The plate is turning
And the numbers burn with gold
Under the fixed arrow.
And the "hours" beat loudly
Chimes over Moscow
And the townspeople will know
Watch during the fight.
We would all marvel in our days
Spasskaya tower clock,
And to our great-grandfathers they
They seemed like a miracle, a fairy tale.
6. Fast Neglinka and noisy
circling around the city,
At the tower of Sviblova she
I became friends with the Moscow River.
Under this corner tower,
What is in place now
Neglinnaya with the Moscow River
Always making noise together.
The economy was not smart.
Both in summer and in cold
They dragged a bucket behind a bucket
Water carriers from the rivers.
And with a yoke they went to the river,
And they drove up with a barrel.
A number of baths stood not far away -
The sovereigns kept
And here are the "reasons" in that tower
Came knowing the science
And rose to the top
Then river water.
Pumps, pipes, hoses
Attached, ready.
Mother Moscow can be proud
New plumbing.
To tell the truth, that water
It would not be enough for the city -
To the Kremlin and its gardens
There was barely enough water.
But in this smallness - space
For the pride of the people
And the Sviblov tower since then
Nicknamed Waterfall.
FROM THE LIFE OF THE SLAVES
"Tactics"
The Slavs went into battle each with two small spears, and some had strong and heavy shields. They were also armed with bows and arrows. Slavic warriors did not wear shells, but in the summer, according to the Byzantine, they fought in short pants alone.
In battle, the Slavs avoided open areas, preferring to meet the enemy in forests, gorges, or near cliffs; at the same time, they widely used the art of ambush, resorted to various kinds of military tricks, mastered many methods of fighting day and night, and were extremely skillful in crossing rivers.
The Slavs also learned to hide well in the tall steppe grass, often they themselves attacked the enemy unexpectedly and out of the blue and defeated even a strong enemy. They knew how to lure the enemy into a forest thicket with a feigned flight, and there, hiding behind the trees, hit the enemies with arrows, the ends of which were sometimes smeared with poison.
Question: Suggest why the Slavs preferred to fight in the forest, avoided open areas and tried to lure the enemy into the forest, ravine.
Answer:
According to the Byzantine author, the Slavs as a whole did not have a single command and were not able to fight in the correct formation. Of course, the Slavs, who lived in separate tribes, could not yet create a strong army with a single military command, similar to the army of Byzantium. This can explain to a certain extent the military tactics of the Slavs.
"Dwelling of the Slavs"
Byzantine sources provide valuable information about the life of the Slavs. Our ancestors were slender, blond, ruddy. According to foreigners, the Slavs were distinguished by their powerful physique, tall stature, great strength and extraordinary endurance: they could endure heat, cold and hunger for a long time, they were content with the simplest food, and sometimes, in case of need, they even ate raw animal meat and fish.
The Slavs liked to settle in forests, near impassable rivers, swamps and lakes, in high places, so that housing would not be flooded during spring floods.
The Slavs did not yet know how to build reliable dwellings - they wove miserable shacks of brushwood for themselves, covered with straw, just to hide from rain and bad weather. They did not know how to make stoves and chimneys at all in antiquity - they arranged hearths in the middle of the dwelling, where they lit a fire, and the smoke went into a hole in the roof or in the wall.
The Slavs sometimes arranged their dwellings with many exits. Belongings and supplies were usually buried in the ground.
QUESTION: Guess why the Slavs arranged many exits in their dwelling and hid their belongings.
The Slavs arranged many exits in their dwellings, so that it would be easier to leave in case of a sudden attack. The centuries-old experience of their ancestors taught the Slavs to store supplies in hiding places, to use only what is necessary.
"Crossing"
In order to successfully fight the Slavs, the Byzantine author advises to prepare cavalry and infantry against them, mainly lightly armed, and to prepare a large number of throwing weapons - not only arrows, but also various types of spears. The Byzantine also advises, if possible, to prepare material for the construction of so-called floating bridges, so that the crossing over the rivers is prepared in advance. Indeed, in the country of the Slavs there are many impassable rivers, the author points out.
QUESTION: Guess what the author of the source means when he talks about the construction of floating bridges.
"Chur, me!"
Almost until the end of the 10th century, our ancestors were pagans. Little information has come down to us about the pagan faith of the Slavs. We know that the Eastern Slavs honored the god - the thunderer Perun, as well as the god of the wind Stribog. The deity of the sun was called Dozhbog. The Slavs honored Veles, who was considered the patron saint of herds and therefore was called the "cattle god", and others. In addition, the Slavs believed that in the forest (according to a very ancient belief of our ancestors) there lived a forest god - a goblin, in the water - a water god, in the riverbeds - mermaids; they especially honored the household god - brownie.
The Slavs, like other peoples kindred to them, thought that the souls of dead ancestors did not leave their native hearth. In case of any trouble, they used to say in the old days: "Chur, protect me!"
QUESTION: Guess what these words meant.
Answer: The Slavs believed that the souls of dead ancestors do not leave their home, which means that they take care of their descendants, keep them from all sorts of troubles if they honor the memory of their ancestors. If not, then these household gods become restless, bring trouble. The souls of the ancestors were listed under the name of "brownies", they were also called "churs" or "shurs". That's what they used to say in case of trouble: "Chur, protect me!".
"Bonfire"
The Slavs surrounded each settlement with a high log wall, the houses behind it were not visible. The huts were small, up to half went into the ground. Roofs were laid in two slopes with reeds or straw sheaves, for strength they were coated with raw clay.
A watchtower was set up on the highest pine tree in the settlement. They climbed it not by stairs, but by a pole with crossbars. You can see far from the tower. If the vigilant guard noticed that unkind aliens were approaching the village, he immediately raised the alarm. A fire was lit on the tower, the neighbors were notified.
In a short time, all the nearby villages learned about the danger, and people came together to repel the attack of the enemies.
QUESTIONS: Why was the watchtower climbed by a pole with crossbeams, and not by a ladder? What should be a signal fire?
Answer: The Slavs used a pole with crossbars, since it could easily be lifted up and hidden in the branches of a pine tree, the sentinel was like in a fortress. The signal fire was kindled on the tower with the condition that it be with thick smoke. It was the thick smoke that was a signal to the neighbors of the impending danger.
"Trade"
Novgorod merchants traded with Tsargrad. Various goods were brought there: furs, honey, wax, linen, yellow stone - amber, weapons, shields, jewelry.
First, the Novgorodians sailed along the Volkhov River. From the Volkhov we sailed to Ilmen Lake, then to the Lovat River. But Lovat soon turned east, and the merchants had to go south. We had to drag the boats overland to the Dnieper. And the Novgorod merchant caravan sailed further down the Dnieper.
At the mouth of the Dnieper, where the river flows into the Black Sea, the Novgorodians would camp to prepare for sea voyage. They set big sails, brought a lot of brushwood. And the boats sailed into the sea.
Question: Why did the people of Novgorod need so many bundles of brushwood?
Answer: After the large sails were set, the Novgorodians tied the boats along the sides with bundles of brushwood so that they would hold steady on the water.
"Outstanding Commander"
Svyatoslav, the son of Prince Igor and Princess Olga, was a commander of great glory in Russia in the 10th century. His campaigns, victories and death were known in countries close and far from Kyiv. His whole life, starting from childhood, was spent in the fight against restless neighbors who threatened the eastern and southwestern borders of the Old Russian state.
The Byzantine historian left a reliable description of Svyatoslav in adulthood. After the battles on the Danube, Svyatoslav negotiated the end of the war with the Byzantine emperor Tzimiskes:
“He looked like this: medium height, not too tall, not too small, with thick eyebrows, blue eyes, a flat nose, a shaved beard and thick long hair on his upper lip. His head was naked, but only on one side of it hung a lock of hair ... a thick neck, broad shoulders, and the whole body is rather slender. In one ear hung a golden earring, adorned with two pearls, with a ruby inserted in the middle of them. His clothes were white, nothing but cleanliness, not different from others.
QUESTION: Guess what the lock of hair hanging on one side of the head meant.
Answer: Svyatoslav's head was shaved, and a lock of hair meant the nobility of the family.
"Egg Dyeing"
The custom of painting eggs and giving them to each other on a spring holiday existed among the Slavs long before the adoption of Christianity.
Above the festive food, a special ceremony was previously performed, with the help of spells they gave it powerful healing properties. The Slavs, presenting each other with colored eggs, mutually wished for health, kissed, believing that this rite conveys to their loved ones a piece of the supernatural power that entered them along with the festive treat.
QUESTION: Guess why eggs were dyed.
Answer: Arranging multi-day and crowded spring holidays, feeding various deities and spirits, the Slavs usually smeared the egg shells with blood, because blood has long been considered an exquisite delicacy of spirits and gods. Subsequently, this turned into the custom of dyeing eggs.
"Clothing"
The negotiations between Svyatoslav and Tzimiskes took place by the river. The Russian prince was sitting on the bench of the boat, which moored to the shore, and the Byzantine arrived on horseback.
Emperor Tzimiskes was in gilded armor. A gilded harness adorned the horse. Numerous retinue shone with expensive outfits. The attention of the Byzantines was attracted by the hair on the upper lip, that is, the mustache, and the curl on the shaved head of Svyatoslav.
The Byzantines were also surprised by the fact that Svyatoslav did not differ from his soldiers in clothing, except for its purity. Question: Suggest why Svyatoslav wore clothes that did not differ from the clothes of soldiers.
Answer: Svyatoslav did not differ from his warriors in clothing for a reason. In addition to an earring with pearls and a ruby, the rich prince did not want to burden himself with anything that could interfere with camp life.
Severe and simple life at all times distinguished many famous military leaders. Long before Svyatoslav, Alexander the Great shared with his warriors all the hardships of the march. Much later than Svyatoslav, Alexander Suvorov, even as an old man, slept on an armful of hay, covered himself with a raincoat, and did not put on a warm uniform until his soldiers received winter clothes.
"In winter time"
If it happened that the Slavs went into open battle, then with a cry they slightly moved forward all together. If the enemies could not withstand their onslaught, then the Slavs advanced stronger, otherwise they simply ran away, were in no hurry to grapple with the enemy in hand-to-hand combat. They were heading towards the forest, where they knew how to fight well.
First, the Slavs have few food supplies; secondly, they have bad winter clothes; thirdly, traces remain in the snow in winter. The Byzantine gives five such arguments.
QUESTION: Name two more arguments in favor of waging war in winter.
Answer: Fourthly, rivers freeze in winter, and therefore they can be easily crossed, there is no need to have floating facilities. Fifthly, in winter, the trees stand without leaves, and therefore it is more difficult for the Slavs to hide behind them.
"Rook"
On one of the summer days, the Slavs went to the forest to look for a suitable tree for the boat. They walked for a long time through the forest. There are many trees in the forest, but not all of them are suitable for work: one is crooked, the other is rotten, the third is knotty, the fourth sloppy.
By evening we came across a century-old oak tree. We measured the thickness of the trunk, it turned out three girths with more. With a sharp hatchet, three notches were made on the oak: two along the trunk and one under it - across. The mark meant that it was they who would cut this oak, and no one else.
Summer has passed, autumn has passed. Winter came, snow fell. They cut down an oak, took it out of the forest and brought it to the village.
We started to get along with the rook. First of all, the oak was sanded: the bark was removed from it. Then they began to hew the log from above and from the sides. Day by day a pile of yellow chips grew and grew taller than a man. Day by day the oak deck became more and more like a boat.
Then it was the turn to make the boat from the inside.
QUESTION: Guess how the Slavs did it.
Answer: The Slavs kindled a fire. When the fire flared up, they began to take hot coals out of the fire with a shovel and put them on top of the deck. The coals burned, the breeze fanned them. The deck smoked from the hot coals. The coals burned through, and a scorched hole remained in the deck. The Slavs put new coals into it, and the deck smoked again. So little by little they burned the boat from the inside.
"For guard"
Years, dozens of years passed, the Slavs already owned the entire arsenal of the then heavy weapons. This was especially evident in 597 during the assault on the Greek city of Thessaloniki. The Slavs now had siege engines, iron rams, huge mechanisms for throwing stones. They also had the so-called "turtles" - mobile towers. These formidable structures slowly moved towards the fortress. The soldiers placed on them were hidden by wooden barriers - shields. As soon as the "turtles" approached the fortress, the soldiers jumped out of their hiding places and, showering the defenders with arrows, took possession of the wall.
The Byzantines recognized that by the end of the 6th century, the Slavs "learned to wage war better than the Romans" (that is, than they themselves).
A vulnerable spot on the mobile tower - the "turtle" - were wooden shields that hid the soldiers, they could catch fire.
QUESTION: Imagine what the Slavs came up with to protect these shields from fire.
Answer: To protect against fire, the Slavs covered wooden shields with raw skins.
"Bathing"
Children suffering from dryness are placed in a tree split by a lightning strike, then they go around the tree with them nine times and hang children's shirts on its branches. When returning home, children are bathed in water taken from nine rivers or wells, and sprinkled with ashes from seven furnaces. From fever and other illnesses, peasants bathe in rivers, forest springs and wells, and after bathing they wipe themselves with a clean rag and hang it on a nearby tree or willow bush; instead of a rag, they also hang a shirt or a piece of their clothes and leave it until they completely decay.
QUESTION: Guess what is the meaning of this ritual.
Answer: The meaning of the ritual is as follows: the patient washes and wipes away the disease from his body, that is, removes it from himself and, together with a rag and a discarded shirt, transfers it to a bush or tree as earthly representatives of that heavenly, paradise tree that exudes living water that heals all diseases. As a rag or shirt rots, so must the disease itself perish. Later, with the loss of a clear understanding of ancient ideas, this rite took on the character of a sacrifice to forest and water spirits.
"With myself"
A rare person can boast that he saw a brownie. To do this, you need to put on a horse collar on Easter night, cover yourself with a harrow, teeth on yourself, and sit between the horses all night. If you are lucky, you will see an old man - small, like a stump, all covered with gray hair, even his palms are hairy. Sometimes, in order to avert a curious gaze from himself, he takes on the appearance of the owner of the house - just a spitting image. In general, the brownie likes to wear the master's clothes, but he always has time to put them in their place, as soon as a person needs things. If the owners of their brownie love, if they live in harmony with him, then they will never want to part with him, even moving to a new house.
Question: Guess how the Slavs transported the brownie with them.
Answer: When moving to a new house, our ancestors did this: they would scrub under the threshold, then they would collect garbage in a scoop and scatter it in a new hut, believing that the "owner" was moving to a new place of residence with this garbage. Just remember to bring him a pot of porridge for a housewarming party and say with all possible respect: “Grandfather brownie, come home. Come live with us!"
"Two faces"
This Slavic god was about two faces: one face is like the sun, the other is like a crescent. The priests of this god knew the secret, ancient sciences of counting days, months, years. In front of the temple, a great variety of various flowers were planted, which opened their corollas at different times of the day, from early morning to late evening.
QUESTION: Guess what this god patronized. His name? Why did they plant so many flowers?
Answer: The Slavs revered Chislobog as the patron of the passage of time. One, like the sun, his face is such that the sun measures the course of the day, the other face is like a crescent, for the moon measures the course of the night. The priests of Chislobog kept in order large sun and moon clocks, which were dedicated to this mysterious god.
And you could find out what time it was now by looking at the amazing flower clock. So far, they have not been created equal in beauty.
POEMS
N. Konchalovskaya
Our ancient capital
Near Moscow, on the roads,
Among forests and wastelands,
In the old days there were many
Watchmen-monasteries.
Monks have always lived in them,
They drank, ate, did not grieve,
Everything gave them the land -
Gardens and fields.
monastery grounds
Immediately visible from afar -
So it blooms with fertility
From monastic land.
monastery wheat
Ears higher than growth,
Above the belt - oats,
Knee-deep hay.
And works in the fields
Not a ringer and not a monk -
Laborers plow the field,
Fortress men.
Everything is ready for the monk:
And from the fish catch
And from the beekeeper income
The people are brought to the monastery.
Cattle are bred for the monk
Pine trees are cut down for the monk.
In a narrow monastery cell,
In four blank walls
About the land of ancient Russian
The story was written by a monk.
He wrote in winter and summer,
Illuminated by dim light.
He wrote from year to year
About our great people.
About the invasion of Batu
He wrote in a terrible hour,
And his words are simple
Through the centuries have come down to us.
A poem about St. Sophia Cathedral
He's been here for a long time
Golden in the heavenly coolness,
In the middle of the village, but at those bazaar rows,
He stood here no worse
Than the main cathedral in Tsargrad,
And he would keep his posture on the camps of any cities.
He stood majestically, well-groomed by the mite of the people,
And like a white archangel
Rising above the sinful earth,
And in winter and summer, flickering in the haze of bad weather.
He kept his watch like a faithful fellow sentry.
And in the days of celebration, he, like a bird,
And proud and free,
And reigned, and soared, not sparing his openings,
bell tower
And with might and main it blossomed with a tail of colored chimes.
And he stood, permanent, at every invisible
And he sanctified any enthusiasm with his voice.
And under his sign were born here, loved,
And under his sign they left this sad pier.
POEMS
1. Your duty is: to keep the laws,
Do not look at the faces of the strong,
No help, no defense
Do not leave orphans and widows.
Your duty is to save the innocent from troubles,
Cover the unfortunate;
From the strong to protect the powerless
Break the poor out of their shackles
2. While we burn with freedom,
As long as hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, we will devote to the fatherland
Souls wonderful impulses!
Comrade! Believe! She will rise
Star of captivating happiness!
Russia will wake up from sleep
And on the ruins of autocracy
Write our names.
3. ... And we lived,
Like Christ in the bosom,
And we knew honor.
Houses with greenhouses, with Chinese gazebos
And with English parks.
Played on every flag
Played, beckoned affably,
Russian hospitality and promised affection.
The French don't like
In a dream, what holidays!
Not a day, not two - a month
We asked here.
Their actors, music,
A whole regiment of servants.
None of the contradictions
Whom I want - I have mercy
Whoever I want, I'll execute.
Law is my wish
The fist is my police.
4. Go to the fire for the honor of the Motherland!
For faith, for love!
Go and die flawlessly.
You will not die in vain: the matter is solid,
When blood flows under him.
Believe in earthly Sunday.
In descendants your tribe will come to life,
And my holy generation
Will cover Russia and flourish.
5. I know: death awaits
The one who rises first
On the oppressors of the people -
Fate has doomed me
But where, tell me when was
Is freedom redeemed without sacrifice?
Prison is in honor of me, not in reproach.
For the right thing, I'm in it.
And should I be ashamed of these chains,
When do I wear them for the Fatherland?
6. Bogatyrs forged from pure steel.
Are you not the decoration of our days?
Freedom sparks fiery?
Ryleev died like a villain.
So remember him, Russia.
7. It is not the wind that makes noise in the damp forest,
Ants goes to a bloody feast...
With him Chernihiv go to breastfeed,
Lay down your head for Mother Russia.
And not a storm fell down a strong oak,
And the traitorous worm undermined him.
The will-sun rolled down,
Mortal night lay down in the battlefield.
As a battle horse stands on that field,
On the ground before him lies a young knight.
Horse! My horse! Jump to the holy Kyiv-grad:
There are comrades, there is my dear brother ...
Take my last breath to them
And say: "I could not take down the chains,
It is impossible to survive the thought of sorrow,
That he could not buy liberty with blood! .. "
8. Believe in earthly Sunday,
In descendants your tribe will come to life,
And my holy generation
Will cover Russia and flourish.
Two heads and six legs; four walk, and two lie still
Self-esteem - what is it: concept, structure, types and levels
Cassandra's Path, or Pasta Adventures War on Earth and Underground