Abstract of a lesson in geography on the topic: "Natural complex of the Sea of Azov. Practical work: "Compilation of the sailing directions of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov""
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
1. To get acquainted with the natural complexes of the seas on the example of the White and Azov Seas.
2. Develop cognitive interest and geographical thinking of students.
3. Improve skills in working with various sources of geographic
information.
4. To form a feeling of love for the native nature.
Equipment: Physical map of Russia, atlases, presentation "Sea of Azov", film "Sea of Russia".
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
II. Checking homework.
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Working with average students (Front survey)
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Working with weak students (Test)
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1. Choose the right statements. BUT. Facia is a large PTC. B. Zoning is the study of the nature of the Uporovsky district AT. V. V. Dokuchaev created the science of PTK - landscape science. 2. The largest PC in terms of rank is an: BUT. Mainland Eurasia. B. West Siberian Plain, AT. Geographic cover. 3. Any human impact on nature BUT. They don't cause any consequences. B. Do not change the PC. AT. Change PC. 4. The science of natural territorial complexes is called: BUT. Zoning B. Facia AT. landscape science Answers: 1B 2B 3B 4B
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III. Learning new material.
1) The story of the teacher.
Natural complexes exist not only on land, but also in the ocean. L. S. Berg was the first to write about the existence of natural complexes of the bottom and surface of the sea. Underwater natural complexes are similar to the land PC in terms of the unity and interaction of the constituent components: the underlying surface, water, flora and fauna.
Today, our task is to show the specifics of the marine natural complex using the example of the White and Azov Seas.
2) Working with a physical map.
In the Sea of Azov, find the Kerch Strait, the Sivash Bay, the rivers flowing into the Sea of Azov: Don, Kuban.
Both seas are connected to the oceans by narrow straits, therefore they have a special appearance, they are special natural complexes.
3) Presentation "Sea of Azov".
4) Independent work of students.(Perform in a notebook)
Plan for the study (comparison) of the PC of the seas.
Which ocean basin does it belong to?
Marginal or inland (connection to the ocean)
Area (compared to other seas)
Depths (predominant and greatest, conclusion: deep or shallow)
Salinity
Temperature (freeze or not)
Sea resources
Human activity aimed at preserving the PC.
Why does the Sea of Azov remain cloudy for a long time after a storm? (It is shallow, the depth is 5-7 m. The excitement also captures the bottom silt.)
Why is the salinity in Sivash 60%o, although in Azov itself it is 11-13%0. (Very strong evaporation of heated waters, a shallow bay and the inflow of the already salty water of Azov.)
V. Watching videos “Solovki Islands”, “Kandalaksha Reserve”, “Bay (Lake) Sivash”
Homework.: § 22. Weak students - tell about the PC of the White Sea.
Individual tasks for average students
Prepare reports on natural areas of Russia:
Birds of the Arctic Desert.- Diana
3) Wealth of the tundra. - Sasha Chiryatiev
Additional material
Sea of Azov
The Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov is almost a lake, the remnant of a more extensive system of straits that once connected the Black Sea with the Caspian. The Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov is a record holder in its own way. This is one of the smallest seas in the world (only the Sea of Marmara is smaller) and the smallest sea washing the territory of Russia - its area (38,840 km2) is 11 times smaller than the Black Sea.
This is the shallowest sea in our country and the world: the greatest depth does not exceed 15 m, and the prevailing depths are 5-7 m. It can be compared with a flat-bottomed saucer. Therefore, during storms, excitement captures the entire thickness of the water and bottom silts, after which the sea remains muddy for a long time.
The Sea of Azov (in ancient times it was called Surozh) - "Mediterranean" - inland in the Atlantic Ocean basin. The Kerch Strait connects it with the Black Sea. The largest bay (Taganrog) deeply protrudes into the land in the northeastern part of the sea. At the western and northern coasts there is a system of small bays, collectively called Sivash. Sivash is separated from the sea by a narrow Arabat spit.
From large rivers, the Don and Kuban flow into the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. The waters of the rivers significantly desalinate the sea water at their confluence - up to 5-6%o with an average sea salinity of 11 - 130/00.
The decrease in river flow due to the construction of reservoirs and the use of Don and Kuban waters for irrigation has led to an increase in the salinity of the Sea of Azov. This turned out to be disastrous for some of the plankton that the fish feed on, and for the juveniles of many valuable fish (perch, bream, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon). The number of fish in the sea has decreased, although now its commercial value is great.
In summer the temperature of sea water is +25-30 3С, in winter it is below 0 °С. From late December to late February - early March, the sea is covered with ice.
On the northern shores of the Sea of Azov, there are excellent natural conditions for sea and climatic resorts.
Sivash can only formally, by the presence of a strait near the Arabat Spit, be considered a bay of the Sea of Azov. This reservoir is so isolated and has such a peculiar appearance and regime that some oceanographers call it a sea, despite its amazing shallowness (about 1 m) and small size (2560 km 2). The second name of Sivash sounds justified - the Rotten Sea (from the smell of algae decomposing in it).
Sivash is a natural accumulator of salts. During the summer, it evaporates up to half the volume of its waters. In addition to rare rains, they are replenished only by a trickle of Azov water entering through the strait. With this water, salts also enter the Sivash. Evaporation in shallow water is so intense that even in the strait, the brackish Azov water turns into bitter-salty water, reaching 60% o, and in the Sivash itself it contains up to 170 mg of salts per 1 kg of water, t ie 5 times more than the average in the oceans.
To restore and increase the marine resources of the Sea of Azov, there is a farm in the coastal zone of the Taganrog Bay where fish are bred.
With the participation of geographers, projects are being created for resort and recreation complexes on the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, the coast of which has not yet been sufficiently developed.
TEST
Seas of Russia as large natural complexes
The territory of our country is washed by thirteen seas: 12 seas of the world ocean and the Caspian Sea, which belongs to the internal drainless basin. These seas are very diverse both in terms of natural conditions, and in terms of natural resources, and in terms of the degree of their study and development.
The seas of Russia are of great economic importance. First of all, these are cheap transport routes, the role of which is especially great in foreign trade transportation. The biological resources of the seas are of considerable value. Almost 900 species of fish live in the seas washing the territory of our country, of which more than 250 are commercial, many marine mammals, mollusks and crustaceans. The importance of the mineral resources of the seas is growing ever more. You can use the energy of sea tides to generate electricity, in addition, the coasts of the seas are places of recreation.
Recently, as a result of the ever-increasing influence of human economic activity on the World Ocean, the ecological situation of the seas has sharply worsened. To preserve the natural complexes of the seas, a special state program is needed.
End of work -
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Natural zoning of Russia
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They have a similar origin and relief. In addition, similar may be their
composition, features of interaction and history of geological development. Natural complexes can be both on land and on land. They can have different sizes and ranks. For example, continents, seas and oceans are natural complexes of the lowest rank, since the geographic envelope of the Earth has the highest rank. Thus, the geographic shell consists of a set of different ranks.
Seas - aquatic natural complexes
The complexes formed in water are natural aquatic (PAC). The World Ocean is the largest aquatic complex, it is subdivided into smaller components - individual oceans, seas, bays and straits. Thus, each sea on our planet is a separate natural complex, where all components are in close relationship with each other.
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Seas of Russia as large natural complexes and their features
The territory of our country is washed by 12 seas of the World Ocean. Also on the territory of the Russian Federation is the endorheic Caspian Sea, which has no connection with the oceans. All these seas have different geographical characteristics, differ in the chemical composition of water, biological resources and depth. Each sea has its own ecosystem.
The seas of the Arctic Ocean are the coldest, they have a relatively small maximum depth (about 200 meters), and the salinity of the water in them is lower than in the ocean. Most of the northern seas are covered with ice for about eight months of the year.
The warmest sea in our country is the Black Sea. Of all the seas of the Atlantic basin, it has the greatest depth (up to 2210 meters). The water temperature in it does not fall below +7…+8 °C.
The seas of the Pacific Ocean are the deepest (average depth 4000 meters). The section of the ocean where the Mariana Trench is located has the greatest depth (more than 10,900 meters).
Due to the difference in climatic conditions and relief features in each sea, its own ecosystem has formed, all components of which exist in continuous interaction with each other. Therefore, each sea is a natural geosystem - a natural complex.
1) What natural complexes of the ocean do you know?
Large natural complexes are distinguished in the World Ocean - separate oceans, smaller ones - seas, bays, straits, etc. In addition, natural complexes of surface water layers, various water layers and the ocean floor are distinguished in the ocean.
2) How do they differ from natural land complexes?
The natural complexes of the ocean are distinguished by a different set of components and less diversity.
Questions in a paragraph
*Remember what you already know about ocean resources from the continent and ocean geography course. What resources are the seas of Russia rich in?
The oceans are rich in mineral resources that are mined from its bottom. Of greatest importance is oil and gas, which is extracted from the continental shelf. The main wealth of the deep-sea bed of the ocean is ferromanganese nodules containing up to 30 different metals. The potential of the energy resources of the waters of the World Ocean is enormous. The greatest progress has been made in the use of tidal energy. The oceans are a source of food - fish, algae, seafood. The seas of Russia are of great economic importance. First of all, these are cheap transport routes connecting our country both with other states and with its individual regions. The biological resources of the seas, primarily their fish wealth, are of considerable value. The importance of the mineral resources of the seas is growing ever more. The energy of the sea tides can be used to generate electricity. The seas are also places of rest. Of course, most of the seas of our country have too harsh natural conditions for people to relax there. But the southern seas - Azov, Black, Caspian and Japanese attract a large number of tourists.
*Name and remember the ports of the White Sea.
Arkhangelsk, Belomorsk, Vitino, Kem, Mezen, Onega, Severodvinsk, Kandalaksha.
Questions at the end of the paragraph
1. What components does the natural complex of the sea consist of?
The components of the marine PC are the underlying surface, water, flora and fauna.
2. What factors influence the formation of this complex?
Very many natural features of the seas are determined by their position within certain climatic zones: water temperature, ice coverage, fog, wind strength, storms and hurricanes, currents. All these factors have a direct impact on the conditions of navigation, facilitate or complicate it. Rivers have a great influence on marine complexes.
3. Why is it important to know the properties of sea PC?
In the era of scientific and technological progress, the problems of the integrated study and development of the natural resources of the seas and oceans are becoming one of the most important for mankind. The rational use of ocean resources requires knowledge of the characteristics of the natural complexes of the seas.
4. Describe the natural complex of the White Sea.
The White Sea runs deep into the land between the Kola and Kanin peninsulas and is connected to the Barents Sea by a wide strait. The sea has bays - Kandalaksha, Dvinsky, Mezensky, Onega, deeply protruding into the land. The rivers Northern Dvina, Onega, Mezen flow into the sea.
Underlayment surface. The relief of the seabed is uneven, the depth increases from east to west.
Water. The volume of water is 5400 km3. Rivers bring significant volumes of water into the small sea, which desalinate the sea water. The salinity of the water is about 30 ‰, in the south - 20-26 ‰. From November to May the sea is covered with drifting ice.
Flora and fauna. The biological productivity of the White Sea is low. It has 194 species of algae, 57 species of fish, beluga whales, and two species of seals.
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