Beautiful description of the night sky. Beautiful pictures that captivate with the splendor of the starry sky at night

SAGA ABOUT THE SKY

How beautiful is the sky! The sky at any time of the year, at any hour of the day! It changes imperceptibly and is never the same, because something subtle, eluding our earthly eyes, changes its state every second. The sky changes its shades, its height, its content. What kind of adjectives we do not apply to the sky, speaking or thinking about it. It can be joyful and formidable, shining and cloudy, high and low… It carries hundreds of bipolar states. Heaven lives its own secret life, forcing everything on Earth and the Earth itself to adapt to this life. It is connected by invisible threads with every entity on Earth, forcing it to internally resonate with the tone it sets, creating an inner mood, creating it unobtrusively, but secretly - calmly and powerfully. And only having gained the wisdom and freedom of the Spirit, we can rejoice at any face of it, seeing in any of its manifestations the One Life, harmonious and beautiful, like the sky itself.

NIGHT SKY

Here it is - the night sky, twinkling with myriads of mysterious stars, blue-black velvet, making the heart stop from the power of mystical attraction, and stopping the thought in its unstoppable penetration into such depths of the Universe that the human mind is no longer able to comprehend this depth.

There are no two identical stars in the Universe, just as there are no two identical people on Earth, two identical destinies. Each of them has its own attractive power, its own magic of influence, placing the milestones of our Path, from the results, the passage of which is formed by the experience we have gained.

Every corner of the night sky is beautiful in its own way, for there are countless patterns of silver embroidery woven by stars. Each star shines with only one of its inherent light, creating a surprisingly harmonious range of rays, from reddish to silvery blue.

The satellite of the Earth - the beautiful Moon, certainly dominates the night sky, not allowing you to see the stars and constellations drowning in its reflected light. But, with light cloudiness, it creates surprisingly spectacular combinations of clouds that attract the eye and give food to the richest imagination.

The winter sky is especially rich in bright stars.

Here is the beauty of the sky - the never-setting constellation Orion, tied with a pearl belt of three stars. How many myths and traditions of all times and peoples are associated with this particular constellation. Majestically and wisely, it looks at the Earth from the depths of the Universe, giving joy and craving for the knowledge of its hidden secrets. His attraction is almost irresistible, and it is so incredibly difficult to take your eyes off him. The majestic pyramids of Egypt involuntarily rise before the inner eye, invisible, secret threads connected with this constellation, which keeps the great Secret about the origins of the One Life.

Just below and to the left of Orion, on the flagpole of the constellation Canis Major, the brightest star in the sky, Sirius, shines like a silvery-bluish carbuncle.

Ursa Major is located next to its eternal pursuers - the constellations of Bootes and the Hounds of the Dogs. Her ladle, consisting of seven bright, silver stars, united the seven hearts of the Sons of the One God - the seven Great Rishis, a symbol of the great giving to humanity, the giving of great Love and Knowledge, care and help. Every seeker can quench his thirst from the heavenly ladle filled with true Life.

And nearby nestled Ursa Minor, glorious for its guiding North Star. How often, and with what hope, lost in the dense world longed for the appearance of this very star, showing him the Path to salvation and gaining a new, true life.

The mysterious, never-going Cassiopeia is like a stroke of the pen of the Great Teacher on the heavenly tablets. What beautiful secret does Cassiopeia hide in herself, this queen of the sky, so gravitating towards one of the stars of the Great Rishis that even the human eye noticed this gravity?!

How many of them - beautiful, bright and not very bright, constellations and stars in the night sky! Here is the restless Sagittarius, always rushing forward, and the calmly majestic constellation of Libra, on which the Cosmic Supreme Justice measures out to each the measure of what has been acquired; the wings of the Swan gracefully spread in flight into the unknown depths of the Universe, and next to it is the refined Lyra; the mighty constellation of Leo with the star of kings - Regulus, which bestows nobility and courage, bringing the Highest Fire into the human heart, and the mysterious constellation of Pisces, attracting to the mystical depths. Scorpio, Virgo, Gemini, Andromeda with its nebula, like a muslin, the star bracelet of the Milky Way ... And the non-flickering planets scattered, according to cosmic law, in their orbits, the reflected light of which complements the light gamut of the night sky.

Our beautiful Earth sensitively absorbs the messages of the night sky, the messages of help and love, because she so needs this love, cosmic love and ours, her children.

One can talk endlessly about the night sky, because there is no more beautiful and attractive spectacle for thought and heart. Its infinity, which takes our gaze into the depths of the Universe, gives us hope for overcoming temporary defeats and transient hardships, for they pale before this immense, powerful beauty. Heaven reduces this vanity to microscopic dimensions, giving us the courage and strength to fight this vanity, and the invisible, internal struggle with ourselves, revealing to us the heavenly Beauty and calling us to the Source of the One Life.

MORNING SKY

How different it can be - dawn, but we give our first glance, voluntarily or involuntarily, to the sky.

Dawn is bright and clear when the first ray of the Sun rising in the east is not yet visible, but we already feel it in that special tone that the eastern part of the night sky acquires. The sun dilutes the blue-black velvet of the sky, giving it a lighter shade, as if a golden brushstroke was thrown half-awake on the vault of heaven, dimming the light of the stars and creating bizarre lighting. How amazingly harmoniously earthly life is connected with the life of heaven!

And now the first ray of the rising luminary painted everything in shining, iridescent tones, driving away the morning shadows and giving all things a new impulse of life and joy. Thrown into the human heart, a sunbeam established an invisible, secret connection with it, creating that inner mood that the heart will carry within itself throughout the current day, despite transient sorrows and disappointments. How incredibly important is this intimate connection! It opens the human heart for the perception of Beauty and Love. A sensitive heart, open to these highest qualities, is able to create and bring the results of this creativity to people with joy. How creativity transforms human life, saturating it with joy, and at the same time giving an understanding of the deepest responsibility for the result of this creativity! Heaven, and only Heaven, is the true inspirer and driver of the creative heart!

And at this time, the panorama of dawn rising above the earth continues to unfold ... The stars fade in the ever-increasing sunbeams, and only the thin disk of the Moon still peeps through the bright blueness of the dawn sky. Sometimes, like a light flock of birds, a community of snow-white, small clouds will float by, casting a shadow, light as muslin, on the awakening earth. And the sunbeam is already disturbing the sleeping flowers, forcing them to open their sleepy eyes - buds and stretch their entire stem towards the light. At the same time, with a light and quivering kiss, he removed the pearly dew dress from the dormant blades of grass. And if in winter only a brave titmouse can sing the rising dawn, then in summer a whole choir of recognized singers vying with each other sings a hymn to the rising sun. Bright and clear dawn is beautiful at any time of the year! And if the blueness of the winter sky looks colder, then the rays of the rising sun fill the air with such a silvery glow that it hurts your eyes to look at this splendor of iridescent air and snow.

But the autumn dawn can have another shade ... cloudy. But the gray-eyed dawn is attractive in its own way. Swirling, at first, only in the lowlands, a gray, fluffy fog, like a blanket, covers the earth, giving it the opportunity to take a little more nap before the start of a new day, and at the same time absorbing and softening all the morning sounds. A sunbeam sinks into the bowels of this fog, and it seems that it can no longer break through this dense veil. But the rising daylight is fully aware of its power - it rises higher ... And now the first rays of the sun pierced the gray, viscous mass, and soon, there is no trace left of the fog torn to shreds. The light is life-affirming and powerfully pouring on the earth, giving us the faith that nothing transient, temporary can interfere with the steps of the One Life, and that the intimate connection between Heaven and Earth is indestructible!

NOON SKY

The sun firmly established itself in the sky. Its powerful beams fall almost vertically on the earth sweltering from the heat. Everything, with such joy tending to the sun at dawn, now seeks to hide in the blessed shade. The birds fell silent, waiting for the evening coolness. The heads of flowers in the meadow drooped a little, and only tireless hard workers - bees anxiously fly from flower to flower, setting a busy working rhythm with their buzzing.

The sky has lost its bright blueness, acquired a yellowish tint, and it seems that it is itself tired of its own unbearable heat. It looks with pleasure in the mirror of the river, trying to be nourished with life-giving moisture. And he succeeds. The first light clouds appear in the midday sky. They swim slowly, almost imperceptibly to the human eye, they swim lazily, but this seeming laziness already rustled in the crowns of trees with a light breeze, ran ripples along the smooth surface of the river, served, guided only by them, as a signal to the flowers that hastened to close their corollas. The bees, having received such confirmation of the approaching bad weather, immediately disappeared. Everyone was worried...

Beautiful, pink, like dancing flamingos, clouds appeared on the horizon. But what an armada of almost black thunderclouds they lead! This armada inevitably covers the entire sky, to the very horizon, forcing an inexplicable tension in everything that it manages to cover. Now, sharp and powerful gusts of wind are testing everyone's strength, giving everyone a chance to test themselves for stability, for the ability to withstand any bad weather.

All of a sudden everything was quiet... And suddenly a strong thunderclap shook everything around. And the lightning, the most dazzling and beautiful lightning, like a blade drawn from its scabbard, scattered the black clouds into pieces. The Heavenly Fire Fairy has begun! What a wonderful and powerful performance! The feeling that you are standing on the palm of your hand, between Heaven and Earth is amazingly real, and does not depend on your location. You are open, completely open to this most powerful flow of cleansing, higher energy. And flashes of lightning either illuminate the clouds from the inside, creating absolutely fantastic lighting, or tearing the black veil of heaven, hitting the ground. And she seems to be groaning under these powerful blows, trying to save all living things entrusted to her by the One Life. Thunderclaps absorb all other sounds. Steel streams of rain whip backhand the flesh of the earth, and it does not have time to absorb this mass of falling water, so desired in the heat. Foaming rivers, streams rush violently in one direction they know. Everyone is waiting with bated breath for the last act of this fiery extravaganza.

And then, finally, a general sigh of relief - the black cloud began to go beyond the horizon. And the life-affirming sun caressed the earth weary of struggle. But what is it that so magically draws the eye to the sky? It's a rainbow! Beautiful rainbow! A symbol of internal purification, a symbol of the hardest victory over everything superficial, transient, victory over oneself. She, like a guiding star, indicates the only true Path - the Path of the ascent of the Spirit!

How many is the sky. Being so multifaceted in summer, it is different in winter... In winter, even at noon, it retains its saturated blueness in clear weather, but in bad weather it literally presses down the earth with a gray, incredibly heavy blanket, throwing down, it seems, endless armfuls of snow and changing the face of the earth according to its imagination . And the earth dutifully accepts this game, trying on one or the other snow cover. She knows that behind this gray-white curtain that has fallen over her, a blue, bottomless sky shines, which will rescue her from snow captivity, and the sun's rays will caress and warm her chilled flesh.

A completely different autumn bad weather ... It is melancholic in its mood, and tries to convey this feeling to everything around. The cold steel of the river has merged with the steel of the sky, and the monotonous, tedious, like the squeak of a mosquito, the rain sings its sad song, rustling in the withered grass. Everything was quiet, plunging into memories, where an assessment is given to everything passed, to all victories and defeats. And the gray muslin of rain wrapped the frozen and wet earth even more tightly. And it seems that the sky has finally become thin, and there will be no end to this gray monotony.

But no. Suddenly, the rain stopped its mournful song, and a rush of wind instantly tore it to shreds and scattered the gray veil. And how things have changed! The golden-red caps of the trees instantly flared up, completely absorbing the remnants of the green. The river surface acquired a rich, blue hue, and dotted lines of flying bird flocks traced the autumn sky. And it seemed to want to throw out all the remaining heat on the earth in order to water the earth with it for long, cold months, to give it faith that everything passes, and autumn will pass, and winter will pass, and a new cycle of Life will begin again, and Heaven will always guide her in the upward spiral of this One Life.

EVENING SKY

The colors of the sky at sunset are fantastic! The sky mixes seemingly incompatible colors, obtaining such shades that only an artist can reproduce, whose heart is able to accommodate this unusual and amazing beauty. This sky can be observed for hours, and not for one second will it be the same. Here a huge disk of the day's tired sun descends below the horizon, giving the sky a golden yellow hue, but it plunges into the clouds, painting them in an unusual pinkish-red color and suggesting tomorrow's windy weather. And an absolutely fantastic picture of a sunset in late autumn, when the sun had already set, and the sky had acquired a dark, emerald-turquoise color, and against this background, as if with a prayer stretched out to the sky, naked branches of huge, black trees.

How unusual! How changeable! What forms of clouds the sky does not draw for our eyes. Here they are, light and fluffy, floating in a cheerful flock in the heavenly heights. Here they are, gloomy and frowning, a heavy armada slowly moving in the sky, giving rise to the thought of impending trials. And here they are, like a light brushstroke, creating an association with a handful of bird feathers lost during a heavy collision.

The evening sky is the last chord of the passing day! Tired, it is somehow special, calm and majestic. Its depth literally absorbs the eye, creating an extraordinary feeling of complete balance and peace. But this appeasement has nothing to do with narcissism, but on the contrary, it forces you to calmly and balancedly reassess your thoughts, views, feelings, to make the only right decision, which is so necessary for the further path.

How symbolic! While the Earth is trying to completely enslave our consciousness, Heaven strives to free it from earthly vanity, directs it to the realization of the true meaning of human life, life in harmony with the entire Universe. And how everything that happens on Earth is invisibly connected with the life of Heaven! There is nothing accidental in life! Everything is natural and determined by wise cosmic laws. And only the inability to discern this regularity forces one to complain about the emergence of another test. Everything that exists on Earth goes through its own, only inherent, stage of evolution, and Heaven teaches to correspond to this stage. Earth sets a visible, next lesson, and Heaven helps to fulfill it, prompting the only right decision to a sensitive heart, this mediator between Heaven and Earth.

And the evening sky imperceptibly begins to acquire the color of the night. And if the western part of the sky still retains the reflection of the passing day, then in the eastern part the deepening blue has already been enriched with a silvery scattering of the first stars. Gradually, this blue covers the entire sky, acquiring a bluish-black hue, and now, again, the Moon has hoisted itself in a businesslike way in the sky. The Earth has taken another step into the future, a future that is determined by Heaven, the entire Code of Cosmic Laws, but at the same time, in this certainty, everything that exists on Earth is given complete freedom of choice, the choice of the Path, the result of which is either evolution or destruction. And how important it is for every heart to realize the inevitability of this choice, because the fate of the Earth, which is formed from the results of the choice of each heart, depends on its correctness!

Tomorrow a new day will rise, throwing a ray of Light and Love into every daring heart, filling it with joy and beauty, calling to the difficult Path of Ascension.

Majorova Anastasia

I really like looking at the starry sky.

In the summer, in a village where there are no high-rise buildings, I go outside at night, sit near the house and look at the sky.

The starry sky sometimes looks deep, bottomless, and sometimes it seems that you can reach out and reach the stars.

At first, looking at the starry sky, it becomes a little scary, even dizzy, it seems that if you can’t stand on your feet, you can fall into the abyss of heaven. But then you realize that the sky is like a fluffy, soft blanket, it caresses and warms. And involuntarily, looking at the stars, I want to smile.

Download:

Preview:

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 27"

g. o. Saransk

City literary and creative competition

"Russia is a space power",

dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the flight into space

the first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin

The writing

starry sky

Completed by: 4th grade student A

MOU "School No. 27"

Majorova Anastasia

Tested by: primary school teacher

Terletskaya N.V.

2011

starry sky

I really like looking at the starry sky.

In the summer, in a village where there are no high-rise buildings, I go outside at night, sit near the house and look at the sky.

The starry sky sometimes looks deep, bottomless, and sometimes it seems that you can reach out and reach the stars.

Most of all I like to look at the starry sky in July and August. It is at this time that many stars fall from the sky. It is believed that if you manage to make a wish before the shooting star goes out, it will surely come true.

Is that so, I don't know. I have never been able to make a wish while a star is falling. After all, they fall so quickly, in a matter of fractions of a second. They flash like a spark, rush through the sky, leaving a luminous trail behind them, and disappear.

When I was very young, I was very sorry for the little stars that fell. I sadly told my mother: “One more star in the sky has become less. What if people lived on it too?

And I was also very interested in: “Where do the stars fall? Can they be found on earth?” To which my mother replied: "No, they burn up in the atmosphere and do not have time to reach the surface of the earth."

Now, having become older, I myself can learn everything about the stars from books.

Now I know for sure that a shooting star is not a dead planet, but meteors and meteorites, solid cosmic particles and stones, which, moving towards the Earth, fall into its atmosphere and burn out, causing a glow.

Some very large meteorites, however, are able to reach the surface of the Earth. Entire expeditions are often sent in search of them.

Scientists, studying the composition of meteorites, will find out from what the planets of the solar system were formed, and what the Sun was like billions of years ago.

TV shows often talk about such a phenomenon as “star rain”, when thousands of meteors fall from the sky at the same time. I have never seen the "star rain" myself, only in the TV reports of the "News" program. But I really want to watch this phenomenon myself! It must be very beautiful! A real fireworks of stars!

I really hope that someday, I will be able to see in the night sky how a huge number of meteors fall at the same time ....

And maybe someday I will even be able to find a piece of a meteorite that fell from the sky ...

But I'm not the only one who likes to watch the stars. At all times, the sky has fascinated and beckoned all mankind. Since ancient times, people have dreamed of conquering the cosmos and revealing all its secrets.

But the conquest of airspace was very long and difficult. Only the most courageous and desperate people decided to build aircraft and take them into the air. At first it was balloons, airships, airplanes, and in the twentieth century, airplanes and spaceships appeared. The flights of the first testers were not always successful. There were many cases when the brave died.

Nowadays, we are no longer surprised to see an airplane flying in the sky. And in the night sky you can often see a passing satellite. Man has completely conquered near-Earth outer space.

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the first human journey into space.

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was the first cosmonaut to fly into space. On April 12, 1961, he went into space on the Vostok spacecraft. His flight lasted only one hour and forty-eight minutes. During this time, he flew once around the globe, and then safely catapulted to Earth.

The second space flight was made on August 6, 1961 by German Titov. His flight lasted more than a day. German Titov also returned safely to Earth.

In June 1963, the first female cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova flew into space.

For the flight into space, the first astronauts received many different awards. They became honorary citizens of many cities of the world, and the streets of these cities are named after them.

However, the successful flights into space of the first astronauts do not mean at all that space travel is safe. Not once did human spaceflight end in tragedy.

And today no one can guarantee the safe return of astronauts to Earth. There, far from the Earth, various unforeseen situations can happen.

Not so long ago, in the year 2003, an American spacecraft crashed due to a malfunction in the system. All eight crew members were killed. Of course, scientists are doing everything possible to avoid such tragedies, but no one is immune from trouble.

It would seem that since space flights are so dangerous, maybe they should be stopped altogether, in order to avoid the death of people?

Not! After all, astronauts fly into space not for the sake of a walk or an exciting journey. They fly there to work. Astronauts observe the state of the Earth's surface, the weather, conduct various scientific experiments and research. In addition, astronauts often have to go out into outer space to work, which is very dangerous, because such a phenomenon that we observe from Earth, like the fall of meteors and meteorites, there, in space, carries a serious danger. Solid cosmic particles in outer space fly at the speed of a bullet and can hit the astronaut and damage the spacesuit and even cause serious injury.

That is why only the most courageous people with good health go into space. But even they have to undergo serious training before flying.

Admiring the starry sky, I often think that somewhere, high, high, people are working ...

What would our life be like without space explorers?

After all, space is fraught with many secrets and mysteries that our brave astronauts have yet to reveal. And I admire their heroism, their courage, resilience and purposefulness.

This article is about the sky. Here you can read reflections and reasoning about the sky. The material will be presented in the form of a story. The story about the sky, the impressions and observations of mankind associated with it, will not leave you indifferent. Clouds, sun and stars - all this it gives us. So, let's begin.

Such a different mood

Every person, regardless of their age, loves to look at the sky. Whether it's a grey-haired old man or a toothless kid, each of them finds their charms in him. It is like a mood, now “good”, warm, high, piercingly blue, then suddenly “frowns”, white clouds, so fluffy, suddenly become gray and unfriendly, it starts to rain. So is the mood, changeable, or excellent, sunny and bright, or cloudy, like a rainy autumn in St. Petersburg ... It was painted, photographed, studied, or simply admired.

Seasons

Like the weather, it has its own characteristics at different times of the year. The story about the sky in summer and spring will be bright and sunny, like these seasons. When the sky is high and piercing, blue or pale blue, the sun shines brightly in the sky, endowing all life on earth with its warmth. Joyfully and warmly becomes around. gardens bloom, fields and meadows turn green. Above all this splendor stretches a calm and fertile sky. Only occasionally at this time is it covered with clouds, and if this happens, then perhaps in May, when spring showers with thunderstorms generously water the earth. The sky gives her plenty to drink, in response to this, the grateful earth gives a harvest, gardens begin to bloom and forests come to life. After spring and summer showers, you can often see a rainbow in the sky. Such a beautiful sight! Make a wish! It will definitely come true.

The sky will be completely different. The sky is no longer what it used to be. Low and gloomy, gray and inhospitable, maybe even a little tired after the sweltering summer heat. You can often see a wedge of birds flying to warmer climes in the sky. It rains more often, clouds envelop the sky, which are not at all like summer fluffy, snow-white clouds. Now these are gray and heavy clouds that are ready to “cry” sadly for many hours.

The story about the sky in winter will be short and faceless, just like the sky itself. You can say that it is “sleeping”, waiting for awakening, which will come soon, in the spring. The sky seems to be in a "bad mood".

Day and night

The daytime sky is sunny, pale blue, but the night sky is mysterious and alluring. A story about the night sky can be like magic. It is covered with stars, especially many of them can be seen outside the city, where there are no high-rise buildings. From such beauty dizzy, the stars beckon and call to themselves. Each star forms constellations. Just think about how many centuries people have studied them, continue to study and discover something new, unknown. The bottomless night sky resembles a blanket in which you want to turn around, warm up, fall asleep under the lulling sparkle of stars. When you remember what it really is, it somehow immediately pops up in your memory, how the cricket “sings”, how pleasantly the coolness of a summer night envelops, how the waves rustle.

Clouds - "white-maned horses"

“Shake! Hello!". This greeting is borrowed from the Soviet cartoon of 1980, where a children's kind song sounds, which is familiar to each of us. From this cartoon, and from the song itself it breathes childhood, warmth and endless joy. More than once or twice, raising your head, looking at the clouds, you remember the words from this wonderful song. A youth musical group called "Keys" covered this song, the effect was incredible! Not a single word was changed, but the musical accompaniment was completely replayed. The video clip is “adult”, pilots and the sky, planes and the sky, so the words from the children's song take on a completely different meaning! The effect is like an exploding bomb. And here again the sky is so different, beautiful and dangerous, dear and at the same time distant. How much joy it gives people when contemplating and admiring it, how many lives it can take. And therein lies its charm.

The story about the sky and clouds is so attractive for boys, many of whom dream about it, want to soar into the heavenly distance, rise high above their native expanses, look around the fields and plains, see their city from a bird's eye view. The dream associated with the sky is to become a pilot and conquer the expanses of heaven.

Impressions and observations

In the story about observing the sky, one very important conclusion can be drawn: it can change instantly and absolutely unpredictably. From gentle and playful, blowing with a gentle breeze, it can become gloomy and gloomy. But the clouds dissipate and give place to the sun. You can also observe the seven-color miracle of nature - the rainbow. It's nice to look at such a spectacle, I want to reach out to it and run along this colorful path. But besides the rainbow after the rain, you can observe another natural phenomenon - a thunderstorm. Gray gloomy clouds collide with their edges, lightning flashes from this collision in an electrolyzed atmosphere. In addition to lightning, there are also sounds of thunder, the appearance of which is also associated with the presence of electrical discharges.

Each person perceives a thunderstorm in the sky differently. For some, this is an inconvenient misunderstanding: you have to wait, cancel or delay trips. And for someone - a reason to remember childhood, when we joyfully and carelessly ran in the rain. Rain poured down from the gray sky. In this combination, the weather causes conflicting feelings. The rain pleases, it will water the earth, and then a rich harvest will rise. But rain and lingering skies can cause sadness and feelings of loneliness. Yes, of course, it can be sadness, but you can spend a rainy evening in the company of an interesting book. And it can also be a romantic rain with kisses, with wet clothes and hopelessly ruined hair. But it will be the best rain.

Conclusion

Whatever the sky, there will always be dreamers and romantics who will strive to unravel the secrets that it keeps in itself. The attraction of the bottomless depth of the unknown space will never disappear, beckoning us to other galaxies. The story about the sky gives so many emotions, sensations. And for children it will be a cognitive process that develops their powers of observation, allowing them to be closer to nature.

The night sky is clear and transparent...

The trembling of distant stars splashes with crystal,

The amber crescent moon shines relish:

Edge of a bright, lonely bobylyom.

Starlight twinkles in the night.

It does not warm us, but pulls like a magnet,

Cold and dark space

A mystery, therefore it always beckons to itself.

The night starry sky has always been a great mystery for man, and man has always wanted to know what is there above the sky, in the universe strewn with myriads of stars. Since ancient times, people have carefully and curiously peered into the night starry sky. Spangled with thousands of stars, different in brightness and color, the night sky both beckoned and frightened people with its mystery. Sometimes clusters of night stars gave rise to intricate shapes or figures in the imagination of people, which they drew from the night stars.

Space 1977 Magic Fly

Since prehistoric times, the sky has attracted man with its beauty and mystery. But the ancient man hardly had enough time to admire the stars - his life was too harsh. Studies show that if he lived to be 24 years old, then it was happiness.

But when a person had such time, he began not only to contemplate the beauty of the sky opening up above his head, but also learned to navigate by the stars, calculating the trajectories of their movement across the sky, tied the agricultural cycle to the lunar cycle. He even began to guess and predict fate by the stars. What can I say, everyone knows that the craze for astrology is now experiencing its second coming.

In the bizarre figures formed by the stars, the ancient man saw the outlines of people, animals, birds. Man began to group these luminaries, unknown to his mind, into constellations, to give names to these constellations and individual bright and remarkable stars.

Naturally, a person had a desire to look into the sky and see more closely what and how is happening there. Therefore, he invented a telescope, which helped him learn a lot about both the sky and the Earth. So, using a telescope, Nicolaus Copernicus formulated the principles of the heliocentric system, thereby refuting the existing religious doctrine that the Earth is motionless, and the firmament stretches above it, and Ptolemy's theory that the Earth is the center of the Universe and all the luminaries pass their complex paths around the Earth.
Everyone remembers the famous phrase of Galileo Galilei "And yet it spins!", By which he confirmed his commitment to the theory of Copernicus.

Nicholas of Cusa Nicholas Copernicus Giordano Bruno Galileo Galilei
1401 - 1464 1473 - 1543 1548 - 1600 1564 - 1642
German philosopher, Polish and Prussian Italian monk, Italian physicist,
theologian, mathematician, astronomer, Dominican mathematician, mechanic poet, astronomer
ecclesiastical political economist, and philosopher and mathematician
canon figure

Following Nicholas of Cusa, Giordano Bruno put forward a hypothesis about the plurality of worlds and the eternity of the Universe, and also tried to philosophically comprehend the theory of Nicolaus Copernicus.
Some researchers of his life even claim that it was his astronomical theories that caused him to be condemned by the Catholic Church and burned. Although the verdict of the court said that Giordano Bruno was convicted as a heretic. Indeed, his view of the Christian religion and the church was very extravagant at that time.
Here is what a certain Giovanni Mocenigo wrote in his denunciation to the Venetian inquisitor in 1592:

"I, Giovanni Mocenigo, report on duty of conscience and on the orders of the confessor, which I heard many times from Giordano Bruno, when I talked with him in my house, that the world is eternal and there are endless worlds ... that Christ performed imaginary miracles and was a magician, that Christ died not of his own free will and tried to avoid death as best he could, that there is no retribution for sins, that the souls created by nature pass from one living being to another He spoke of his intention to become the founder of a new sect called "new philosophy" He said that the Virgin Mary could not give birth, the monks are a disgrace to the world, that they are all donkeys, that we have no evidence that our faith has merit before God.

Well, what to do, religion and science have always lived in some kind of parallel worlds, the intersection of which was and remains fraught with conflicts and even tragedies.

Man constantly improved the telescope and, thanks to it, penetrated further and further into outer space with his eye. As a result of such improvements, the Hubble Space Telescope appeared, which on April 25, 1990 launched the Space Shuttle Discovery STS-31 into its calculated orbit.

The Hubble Space Telescope is an automatic observatory in orbit around the Earth, named after Edwin Powell Hubble, an American astronomer who studied galaxies. The Hubble Telescope is a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency. NASA - the National Aeronautics and Space Administration - is the agency responsible for the US civil space program. Placing a telescope in space makes it possible to detect electromagnetic radiation in ranges for which the earth's atmosphere is opaque, primarily in the infrared range. Due to the absence of the influence of the atmosphere, the resolution of the telescope is 7-10 times higher than that of a similar telescope located on Earth. In orbit 650 km away from the Earth, the Hubble telescope with its powerful optics has become a real window into the world of numerous star factories. With its help, it was possible to obtain evidence of the existence of black holes in space and to take pictures of such cataclysms as the death of huge stars that are much larger than our sun. Shaking a long-standing theory of the existence of the universe, the Hubble telescope has collected evidence that the universe is constantly expanding. And this expansion is going on with greater and greater speed, which can lead to its complete death. The telescope also captured, for the first time, very clear images of the embryonic stage of star birth from clouds of gas and dust. And yet, thanks to the telescope, it was possible to follow the particles of the supernova left after the explosion, which continue to move in space at a speed of about 5 million kilometers per hour. The explosion of this star was first recorded by Chinese astronomers as early as 1054 AD. When scientists directed the Hubble telescope towards Jupiter, they were able to observe in real time a phenomenon of the rarest in terms of its destructive power: a fairly large comet collided with the huge planet Jupiter. Unfortunately, very soon the huge 12-ton telescope will cease to exist and leave orbit, as it slowly, in a spiral, approaches the Earth. During its operation, Hubble underwent preventive maintenance five times. It is assumed that after the repair work carried out by the last expedition (May 11-24, 2009), Hubble will operate in orbit until 2014, after which it will be replaced by another space telescope, the James Webb. Any person or organization can apply to work with the telescope - there are no restrictions on nationality or academic affiliation. But the competition for the right to conduct observations is very high, usually the total requested time is 6-9 times higher than the actually available time. But we can observe what is happening in the Universe, and what is photographed by this wonderful telescope, thanks to films created on the basis of materials transmitted to Earth by Hubble.

Together with the Hubble telescope, we will be able to visit the most remote corners of the Universe, see the birth and death of stars, the birth of our solar system from a dust cloud, visit the surface of Mars, fly around the rings of Saturn and meet the dawn there.
We will fly near giant nebulae, look at the very edge of the universe - at a distance of about 13 billion light years, it was there that the Hubble orbiting telescope discovered the most distant galaxies at the moment.

Are we alone? Or maybe somewhere in the Universe there is another planet like our Earth? The next generation will have the goal of discovering other planets similar to ours. I believe that we have reached the milestone of developing a technology that will allow us to answer a question that has been haunting us for the past 2,000 years. Perhaps another Earth is in the closest star system to us. We are on the verge of discovering such planets. They might look different in the light of the rays of strange suns. Will we be able to discover these other Earths, rushing stealthily among the billions of stars and trillions of planets in the universe?

Zodiac sign "Pisces" (19.02–20.03). V. Stanishevsky

The month of March is named after Mars, the Roman god of war. On March 20, at 15:33 Moscow time, astronomical spring will come - the Sun, in its movement along the ecliptic at this moment in time, will cross the vernal equinox. On Sunday, March 27, the country will switch to daylight saving time, the hands of all clocks will be moved forward one hour. March 1 - 2453431st Julian day. The sun will rise at the latitude of Moscow at 8:21 am and set at 19:04 Moscow time. March 31 - 2453461st Julian day. The sun will rise at 7:03 am and set at 20:06 Moscow summer time, respectively. During its movement along the ecliptic, the Sun moves along the constellation Aquarius at the beginning of the month, and on March 11 it passes into the constellation Pisces. As for the signs of the zodiac, the Sun until March 20 moves in the sign of Pisces, and then - in the sign of Aries.

To orient on the sides of the horizon, let's look at the constellations located near the zenith. It is easy to see the Big Dipper located in the northeast. The line passing through the two extreme stars of the Big Bear Bucket, (Merak) and (Dubhe), will point to the North Star, which is located almost exactly at the North Pole of the world. It is best to observe the luminaries and constellations near the upper climax. At this time, the constellations Gemini, M. and B. Psov are in the upper climax. The constellations of the Dragon (his Head) and Lyra also cross the celestial meridian, but above the northern point of the horizon. These constellations are in the lower culmination, their height above the horizon at this moment is minimal. Many constellations culminate below the horizon when they are not visible. Such constellations are called setting. Lyra, Dragon, B. and M. Medveditsy in Moscow are not entering.

So, near the zenith in the upper culmination is one of the most noticeable constellations - Gemini. . It is distinguished by two very bright stars of the second magnitude, located close to each other: Castor () and Pollux (). Another star of the second magnitude () lies at the feet of Pollux and points to Betelgeuse (Orion). Castor is the most beautiful double star: bright 2 m with weaker 3 m at a distance of about 5 " .

A little higher and Gemini, a good observer with binoculars will be able to distinguish a faint speck 5.3 m- an open cluster of stars M35 with a diameter of about 40 " . It can count up to 120 stars. The distance to this cluster is 270 sv. years.

Nearby is a weak star 4 m– Pass (Gemini sole). This star is known for the fact that near it on March 13 at 10 pm, the famous astronomer William Herschel discovered the new planet Uranus. For a long time, it was this star that served as a guide to follow the movement of Uranus.

The twin star Gemini lies just below Pollux and is one of the brightest and most beautiful double stars. From the main orange star 3.6 m at an angular distance of 7 " there is a green satellite (8 m). The planet Saturn is currently in the constellation of Gemini.

Closer to the zenith is the Charioteer with a bright Chapel (). In this constellation, you can distinguish an elongated triangle of three stars just under the Capella - , , ( kids). Under Charioteer, in the southwest, we can see the well-known Taurus with bright orange Aldebaran (), which is projected onto the Hyades V-shaped open cluster. Above Aldebaran, the Pleiades open cluster is clearly visible.

In the west, near the zenith, the constellation Perseus is visible with the bright star Mirfak () –1,9 m. The W-shaped constellation Cassiopeia is visible to the northwest. Between Cassiopeia and Perseus, you can see two closely spaced open star clusters - (4 m) and h (5 m).

Constellations over the southern part of the horizon (at the latitude of Moscow)

In 1572, a supernova exploded in the constellation of Cassiopeia, which was observed and described by the great astronomer Tycho Brahe. In its brilliance, it was comparable to Jupiter, which at that moment was in the constellation Pisces. Moreover, at maximum brightness, it exceeded Venus in brightness (-4.5 m). The star was visible during the day for two weeks. In the future, its brilliance began to decrease, and its color changed - from bright white through yellow, orange and, before disappearing, red. In fact, the star was visible to the naked eye for almost 16 months. The appearance of this bright new star in the sky attracted the attention of thinkers and philosophers of that time, because. clearly refuted the scholastic ideas about the "eternity and immutability" of the heavenly bodies. Tycho Brahe's descriptions of the changing brightness of this "new star" have led astronomers to classify it as a so-called Type Ia supernova. Now this supernova is called supernova Tycho.

Now astronomers are carefully studying the remnant of this supernova explosion. In the optical range, a faint nebula is visible at the site of its explosion. Tycho's supernova remnant turned out to be a source of radio emission with dimensions of about 6 " , which at a distance of 3300 pc indicates a linear size of 6 pc. Observations with the Chandra X-ray space telescope showed the existence of a huge shell of gas at the site of the explosion, heated to a temperature of several million kelvins. Attention was drawn to a star similar to our Sun, located inside the shell, not far from the site of the explosion. Measurements of the position of this star over several years using the Optical Space Telescope. Hubble showed that it has a high speed, significantly greater than the average speed of stars in this region. Usually such speeds are possessed by old stars belonging to the so-called spherical component our Milky Way. They are often called runner stars. Old stars of the spherical component are mainly composed of hydrogen and helium - the primary substance from which the Milky Way was formed. Spectral studies have shown that this star, in its chemical composition, is similar to stars like the Sun, belonging to flat component Milky Way. It contains, in addition to hydrogen and helium, heavy chemical elements, i.e. refers to the young generation of stars, which was formed from matter that had already passed through the crucible of the stellar interior and was enriched with heavy elements. But the stars of the flat component have low speeds. All this led scientists to the idea that they were dealing with a star that received its enormous speed during a supernova explosion, which is part of a close stellar pair. If this is true, then the observation of this star at the site of Tycho's supernova remnant confirmed the theory of the formation of type Ia supernovae.

According to this theory, in a close binary system, one of the components of which has a mass greater than the other, and the other slightly larger than the Sun, a more massive star has exhausted its fuel and ended its life as a white dwarf, with a mass almost equal to the limiting mass for a star of this type, i.e. . 1.4 solar (Chandrasekhar mass limit). So, the binary system has evolved into a system in which one of the stars is a “dead” white dwarf, which no longer has nuclear fuel, and the other is an ordinary star, full of energy, “in its prime”, similar to our Sun. Due to the proximity of the white dwarf, it draws matter from a normal star, which falls on it. Through this process, called accretion, the mass of the white dwarf began to increase and, as soon as it exceeded the Chandrasekhar limit, a collapse occurred - a catastrophic compression of the star, which led to its explosion, i.e. supernova formation. A powerful explosion destroyed not only the star, but the stellar pair itself. According to the calculations of scientists, the second, ordinary, star leaves the site of the explosion at a speed with which it revolved around its component, reaching hundreds of kilometers per second ( sling effect).

Observations of this runner star also refuted another hypothesis of the formation of type Ia supernovae, according to which, in a close binary system with a white dwarf, due to the rapid rotation of one star around another, gravitational waves are emitted, the system loses energy, the stars approach and eventually fall one another - a supernova explosion occurs. But in this case, after the explosion, there is no second, escaping, star.

Type Ia supernovae have the same characteristics and can serve as standards for determining the distances to those distant galaxies where they burst. It was their observations in other galaxies that allowed astronomers to solve a number of unusual problems of modern cosmology - the science of the structure and evolution of the Universe.

Now let's face south and see what constellations are visible above the southern part of the horizon. At the top climax, the brightest star in the earth's sky is observed - Sirius, or dog star, in the constellation B. Dog. Due to its brilliance and white color, it is easy to find it relatively low above the southern point of the horizon. If anyone has doubts, pay attention to the chain of stars in Orion's Belt - extend it down to the horizon.

Constellations over the northern part of the horizon (at the latitude of Moscow)

The constellation B. Dog is sometimes called Orion's dog. The arrangement of stars in it is rather unusual. Sirius is the central star of the three located on the same line. A star of the second magnitude to the west of it is called - Murzam ( messenger), because it rises a little before Sirius. Observations of the rising of the messenger star in ancient Egypt were given great importance so as not to miss the heliacal (together with the Sun) rising of Sirius, which foreshadowed the flood of the Nile. Therefore, the ancient Egyptians called Sirius star of the Nile or the star of Isis. It was believed that the joint glow of the Sun and Sirius brings a lot of heat to Earth, making the weather hot. And it is not surprising that in the future the hottest week that fell on this period was called "holidays" - "dog days".

Located relatively low above the horizon before sunrise, bright Sirius flickers strongly, shimmering in different colors, which is why, apparently, the ancient Greeks gave it a name that translates as burning bright or burning. The Arabs called him Ash-Shirah - opening door (flooding the nile).

Above the southern side of the horizon, just west of the meridian, Orion is visible during these evening hours. It is surrounded by the constellations of Gemini, Unicorn, Eridanus and Taurus. Orion Betelgeuse (translated from Arabic - giant's shoulder) is a red supergiant star, one of the brightest stars of this constellation closest to us (650 light years). Orion's Star Rigel ( giant foot or left knee) - blue and white, known in the Middle Ages among sailors as marinus aster - star of sailors. It was believed that near the day of the vernal equinox, it has a great influence on navigators. As you know, the Christian religion has a negative attitude towards astrology as contrary to the Holy Scriptures, but popularity among sailors marinus aster was such that the Catholic Church came up with two saints - Marina and Aster, the patrons of sailors, whom they introduced into their calendar. The celebration of the days of these saints falls just in March.

If Rigel - left tribe of Orion, then the star (Saif) - right knee. Three bluish-white, almost identical in brightness stars, stretched out in one line - Orion's Belt.

The most unusual and most famous landmark of the Orion constellation is the Orion Nebula (M42, 1500 light years old). Under good conditions, it is visible even to the naked eye as a blurry bright spot under Orion's Belt.

Above the northern side of the horizon at this time in the lower climax are the constellations of Cepheus, Cygnus, Lyra and part of the constellation Draco with its Head. Above the horizon is the non-setting part of the Cygnus with Deneb () and Vega (Lyra). B. Medveditsa with his Tail points to Arcturus - the brightest star of the constellation Bootes, which is just rising. In the northwest, Pegasus touched the horizon, and Andromeda is still high above the horizon. Cassiopeia is located between Andromeda and Cepheus. Along with the constellation Pisces, Mercury sets in the west.

planets

Mercury moves in the constellation Pisces, near the vernal equinox. On March 12, the greatest eastern elongation of the planet will come, when it will be at an angular distance of 18 ° from the Sun. After standing on March 19, Mercury will change its direct motion to backward. On March 29, there will be a lower conjunction of the planet with the Sun, when Mercury will be between the Earth and the Sun. In the first half of the month, you can try to see Mercury in the west, low above the horizon, just after sunset. Shine of the planet is almost -1 m .

Venus moves in the constellation Pisces. On March 31, there will be an upper conjunction of the planet with the Sun, so the visibility conditions are unfavorable.

Mars is moving in the constellation Sagittarius, the brightness is about 1 m. At the beginning of the month, the planet can be seen for half an hour before dawn in the east, low on the horizon. Then comes the period of invisibility (until the end of May).

Jupiter is moving backwards in the constellation Virgo, magnitude is about -2.5 m, it is visible all night. It's time to follow the movement of its four Galilean satellites - Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Due to the rapid orbital movement, satellites quickly change their relative position. With a good telescope on the surface of Jupiter, you can see stripes that run parallel to the equator.

Saturn moves backward through the constellation of Gemini; after standing on March 22, he changes his backward movement to a straight one. Planet shine reaches 0 m, it is visible almost all night. Now the ring of the planet is clearly visible, and with the help of amateur means, you can try to see the largest satellite, Titan.

Uranus is retrograde in the constellation Aquarius; because At the end of February, the conjunction of the planet with the Sun occurred, then its observations in this month are impossible.

Neptune is moving backwards through the constellation Capricorn, and Pluto for a long time froze in the constellation Ophiuchus.

meteor showers

Bootids (according to the Latin name of the constellation Bootes - Bootes). The meteor shower is active for almost a whole month with a maximum on March 10, when up to 5 mph is observed. Meteors are fast. Observations are best done after midnight, because. The constellation of Bootes culminates around 3 o'clock.

Virginides (according to the Latin name of the constellation Virgo - Virgo). The stream is active from March 12 to March 22 with a maximum activity on March 12, when up to 4 met/hour is observed. Observations are best done after midnight, when the constellation Virgo culminates. There are many slow bright meteors and fireballs in this stream. The stream is associated with a comet that was observed in 1834.