Years is a word with an unpronounceable consonant. Didactic materials on the Russian language for elementary school

rule

Exercises

Write the words correctly.

In Russian, there are words in which several consonants are combined side by side in the root morpheme. At the same time, in an oral conversation, one of these letters drops out, is not pronounced. For example, famous (sound "t"), peer (sound "t"), joyful (sound "t"), heart (sound "d"), etc.

Philologists believe that the sound "t" is the absolute champion in its unpronunciation. There are a lot of words with this letter, which is not heard during conversation, and most of them can be checked.

Unpronounceable consonants, which have lost their sound meaning in certain combinations, are common in Russian, although this term is conditional. Any linguist will say that letters are not pronounced at all, and such sounds do not exist.

In addition to the letter “t”, there are other unpronounceable consonants: these are the sounds “d”, “v”, “l”.

The spelling of the Russian language, taking into account their specific feature, determines the rules for the spelling of such sounds, based on the operation of morphological principles.

But how is it correct to write a word in which one of the sounds is not heard, while it is not known whether it exists at all or not?

The grammar of the Russian language implies a rule that determines the spelling of consonants.

In order to find out whether unpronounceable consonants are written in the root, you need to change the given word or choose a single-root for it, but so that the letter being checked is in front of

For example, a messenger is news, a neighborhood is a crossroads, whistle - whistle, whistle, honest - with honor, furious - with rage, etc.

As you can see, before the vowel, this unpronounceable consonant is clearly heard at the root: the sun is sunny, sad is sadness.

An exception to this rule is: flash, although it is checked - shine, splash - splash, ladder - ladder. These words just need to be remembered, as they have undergone a certain historical change.

At the same time, it is also necessary to distinguish between such words in which unpronounceable consonants simply do not exist, they do not exist. For example: vowel, tasty, skillful, dangerous, inert, peer, terrible, literature, honor, participate, food, march, etc.

The letter "t" in the stairs, "d" in the holiday and "c" in the feeling you just need to remember forever. For children at school, teachers usually offer the following tips for easy memorization:

The ladder is obtained from the steps, steps, steps;

A holiday is a day of joy and gifts;

Feelings live in us, in our heart.

Sometimes consonants play hide and seek with us. They are not pronounced, but written in a notebook. Lesson topic: "The rule for checking the spelling of words with unpronounceable consonants."

kind word hello I told you. " Hello!» This is how the soldiers greet each other. What did the word mean health? Health is health. And to be healthy meant to be healthy and to live, to be alive. So our hello! means: be healthy and live, be alive.

hello hello- this is how these words are written, since there is a related word health (health).

And we pronounce these words in a different way: hello [st] howl, hello [st] howl.

Some sounds of the Russian language are difficult to pronounce when there are several more consonants next to them. So they decided to write letters in place of these sounds, but not to pronounce the sounds.

There are many words in Russian that have three consonants in a row. One consonant out of three is not pronounced. These consonants are called unpronounceable.

Let's read the single words. Let's find words in which not all consonants are pronounced.

News, news, messenger, known, known.

The sound [t] is not pronounced in the words ve [s'n '] ik, known [sn], known [sn] o.

The root -west- is spelled the same in words with the same root.

Sad, sad, sad, sad.

The sound [t] is not pronounced in the words gr[sn] o, gr[sn] y. The root -sad- is spelled the same way.

The letter that denotes an unpronounceable consonant sound will be underlined with one line. This is a spelling.

messenger - news

sad - sadness

In these words, the sound [t '] at the end of the word is clearly heard. Underline the letter in the test word with two strokes.

messenger - news

sad - sad

In these words, the sound [t ’] is clearly heard, since after the consonant there is a vowel. Let's underline these letters with two lines.

In order not to make mistakes in writing words with unpronounceable consonants, it is necessary to choose such a single-root word so that the unpronounceable sound is clearly heard.

Verification can be single-root words in which:

- the consonant sound is clearly heard at the end of the word;

A consonant is heard clearly when it is before a vowel.

Let's try to solve a new spelling problem using familiar methods for checking roots.

Change the words according to the command of the question what? Choose a single-root word that answers the question what?

miraculous [sn] y - wonderful, miracles, wonderful interesting [sn] y - interesting, interest, interesting whistle [s'n'] no - whistle, whistle at [sn] and I - mouth, oral hru [sn] ula - crunch, crunch In all words there is a combination of consonants [sn] or [s'n'].

In words wonderful, interesting between the sounds [sn] there is no unpronounceable sound [t], and therefore there is no letter t. In words whistle, oral, crackle there is an unpronounceable consonant sound [t], there is also a letter t.

How do you know if a word has an unpronounceable consonant or not?

Read the words as we say them. Listen to the sounds in the indicated places.

star zdn oh, gro zn oh, by zdn yy, right zdn ik, good zn ik, chu vstv oh teaching stv wow

star [zn'] th, gro[zn] th, after [z'n'] y, pra[z'n'] ik, proka[z'n'] ik, feeling [st] a, participating What is interesting in the designation of sounds [stv], [zn], [z'n']?

In place of sounds [stv] there may be letters stv, stv.

In place of sounds [zn], [z'n '] there may be letters zn, zdn.

Apply familiar methods of checking and prove that the words are spelled correctly.

starry - (what?) star, late - (what to do?) late, holiday - (what?) idle

These words have an unpronounceable consonant sound, so we write the letter d

formidable - (what to do?) threaten, prankster - (what?) pranks

There is no unpronounceable consonant in these words, so there is no letter d

In the words of feeling, I participate will help memorize the letters of the dictionary.

Let's say these words and listen to the sounds: so [nc] e, se [rc] e.

We learn the necessary letters with the help of single-root test words.

There are such proverbs: sunshine warm, with the mother good. A sharp word hurts heart».

sun, (what?) sunny - sun

heart, (what?) heart - heart

Words have unpronounceable consonants, they are indicated by letters L, D.

You might be surprised that the words cross and surroundings were formerly monolithic. In ancient times, the Russian language had the word around, which meant around, around, on all four sides. BUT neighborhood- this is a place around something or in the neighborhood with something, for example: a city and its environs.

Neighborhood can be checked by word around.

What combinations of sounds in writing are dangerous?

Unpronounceable consonants can be in such combinations of sounds:

[sn], [s’n’], [zn], [z’n’], [stv], [nc], [rc].

When writing, these combinations of sounds are dangerous, as there may be an orthogram: a letter in place of an unpronounceable consonant sound.

Letters of unpronounceable consonants: D, T, V, L.

Remember the ways to check:

Powerful, joyful, unhappy,

both charming and ugly,

valiant, unselfish, honest.

Don't forget these words.

When writing in them, insert T.

Solve spelling problems in words with a dangerous combination of sounds [sn]. Try to remember the verification methods.

what?

vlas t ny - (what?) power

rados t ny - (what?) joy

unhappily t ny - (what?) misfortune

charm t ny - (what?) charm

not us t ny - (what?) bad weather

disinterested t ny - (what?) self-interest

dobles t ny - (what?) valor

ches t ny - (what?) honor

Delicious, vowel, interesting,

safe and heavenly

and wonderful and wonderful

both terrible and useless.

Don't forget these words

do not insert the letter T in them.(N. Betenkova)

Let's choose the single-root words that answer the question what? Let's change these words according to the command of the question what?

delicious - (what?) delicious

vowel - (what?) voice

interesting - (what?) interesting

safe - (what?) safe

heavenly - (what?) heaven

miraculous - (what?) miracles

beautiful - (what?) beautiful

terrible - (what?) terrible

in vain - (what?) in vain

These words do not have an unpronounceable consonant sound, so the letter T should not be in them.

Thinking about the transcription of words:

Transcriptions of words are given. Why are there more letters in words than sounds?

[l'es'n'itsa] - ladder 7 sounds, 8 letters [m'esny'] - local 6 sounds, 7 letters [sv'ersn'ik] - peer 8 sounds, 9 letters

There are more letters in these words than sounds, since one sound is unpronounceable.

Word stairs cannot be verified.

Local let's check with a word place.

Word peer formed from the ancient Russian word verst which meant age.

And here peer it is written without the letter T. The spelling of the word must be remembered.

Conclusion:

In order not to make mistakes in writing words with unpronounceable consonant sounds, it is necessary to choose such a single-root word so that the unpronounceable sound is clearly heard.

The weather is bad today

And I'm so unhappy.

The rain is absolutely terrible.

It would soon become clear again

And the red sun would shine

And it would be great around!

Nobody likes rainy weather because you can't go out to play with your friends. What to do while sitting at home when it's raining outside? Maybe study how unpronounceable consonants are written at the root of the word?

rule

To write such words correctly, you need to learn the rule:

Let's apply it to the words from the poem:

Today the weather is inclement t ee),

And I'm so unhappy t ee).

The rain is sowing absolutely terrible (terrible - no t).

It would soon become clear again (clear - no t),

And the red sun would shine (red - no t),

And it would be beautiful around (beautiful - no t)!

So it helps to check the unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word rule. It is very simple, it must be learned by heart.

Choose a test word

Let's play a word game. For each of the examples given below, select a test single-root word

• famous, messenger, agenda (news, news, news, message);
• sad (sadness, be sad);
• hello (health, health, healthy);
• stellar (star, asterisk);
• cabbage (cabbage);
• locality (place, place);
• rainy (bad weather);
• late (to be late, being late);
• joyful (joy);
• to whistle (whistle, whistle);
• heart (heart, heart);
• sun (solar);
• reed (reed);
• participant (participation);
• honest (honor);
• dangerous (fear);
• miraculous (miracles);
• terrible (terrible);
• interesting (interesting).

Second graders begin to study unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word. Grade 2 should already be able to select test words.

Related videos

Words to remember with unpronounceable consonants

It is not always possible to apply the rule. There are words in which unpronounceable consonants in the root of the word cannot be checked. They are called dictionaries, their spelling needs to be learned:

• staircase - a series of steps or rungs;
• holiday - a day when some significant event is celebrated;
• feelings - inner experience, emotional state;
• peers - people of the same age;
• peers - a synonym for the word "peers".

Find words that have unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word

It is necessary to develop the ability to find words with unpronounceable consonants among others. This requires training. Here are sentences, find in them words with unpronounceable consonants.

These sentences use words with different spellings, among them “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word”, examples of such words: messenger, joyful, lovely, wonderful, beautiful, starry, cabbage, agenda, late, reeds, locality.

Divide the words into two groups

Words for distribution: sky ... th (heavenly), whistle ... whistle (whistle), tree ... th (wooden), wheel ... th (wheeled), mustache ... th (oral), interesting ... th (interesting), crunch ... ut ( crackle), zapa ... oh (spare), viru ... th (viral), happy ... th (joyful), agreed ... th (consonant), which ... th (bone).

Such a task helps to develop the ability to classify words according to spelling: there is an unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word or there is no unpronounceable consonant.

Riddles

Let's play riddles. You need to guess and write down the last word in the sentence:

• At dawn, _______________ (sun) peers through the window.
• My love will open the door in your ____________ (heart).
• On a frosty night, lights are burning in the sky _____________ (starry).
• He is a well-known truth-seeker, he will not tolerate lies, because __________ (honest).

It will be interesting to complete such a task when studying the topic "Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word." Grade 3 will cope with such work easily and fun.

Mini dictations

Now let's write a little dictation. Choose any:

Morning is beautiful! It just rained. Cabbage beds are washed and fresh. The sun's rays are warm, and it smells good of damp earth. My heart is full of joy from this beautiful morning. Hello summer!

Unsuccessful hunt

The hunt failed. It was a stormy day. The sun disappeared behind the clouds, a sad light rain began to fall. We got out of the forest. The area was known to us. On this pasture, the village herd grazed in the summer. A shepherd's hut could be seen in the distance. In it we will rest after an unsuccessful hunt.

Spring came

Rainy days are over, spring has come. Birds sing merrily, the sun warms, streams murmur joyfully. The area was covered with grass, lilies of the valley bloomed under the trees. The buds on the trees opened. Hello Spring!

All these dictations are designed to test knowledge on the topic "Unpronounceable consonants in the root of the word." Grade 3 should be able to do this.

Insert words in text

There was a very interesting text, but the letter beetle ate some of the letters in the words. What to do? It is necessary to return the original form to words in which there are unpronounceable consonants in the root of the word.

A famous writer wrote a story about a prince who was invincible in battles. The word ... portrait speaks of the powerful ... character and the already ... appearance of the prince. This prince participated in the campaign and was subjected to danger ... awns. He himself was so cruel that he spared one old man only once.

Once after the victory, he arranged a festive feast. The table was bursting with taste ... s me .. tv. But the joyful feast was interrupted. So ... tse disappeared behind the clouds and hatred ... tye. A strong wind blew, thunder roared, lightning flashed. The prince felt ... felt severe pain, and then fell to the ground without feelings. Gru ... but this story would have ended, but then a sorcerer appeared. He was the equal… nickname of the century. This old magician miraculously revived the prince and said: “Hello ... hello, prince! You once saved me from death, I repaid your debt!

Making sentences from words

When everyone has learned how to write a dictation, you can move on to a more difficult task - making sentences. To do this, we use words that have the studied spelling "Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word." Examples of such words: at a school holiday, joyful faces, concert participants, beautiful flowers, beautiful countryside, famous writer, interesting story, heralds of spring, late autumn, inclement weather, sad look.

With these words, you can make, for example, such sentences:

Coming up with sentences using words that have an unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word, third graders remember them best.

Unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word

Remember! peer peer

Examples for spelling warm-up:

blood (cro in and), frost (moro behind), bread (bread ba), threshing (milk ti t), request (about si t), fairy tale (ska PS wat), wedding (sva de bny), spoon (lo same k), crumb (cr shea t), plumber (plumbing before m), marker (size ti t), riddle (ha Yes th), joke (shu ti t). Honest (chest t b), valiant (dobles be), messenger (weight ti), giant (giant t), hello (hello in), known (lime ti e), bone (braid be), selfish (korys be), flattering (forest be), local (months then), unhappy (happen be e), send (post ti lat), heart (ser de chny), sun (sol not chny).

Diagnostic set No. 1 Spelling of consonants at the root of the word

Exercise number 1. Insert the desired letter by changing the number of nouns

Exercise number 2. Change the gender of past tense verbs

Exercise number 3. Replace short forms of adjectives with full ones.

Exercise number 4. Select the desired letter by checking the form of the genitive case

Exercise number 5. Select the desired letter by checking the form of the genitive plural.

Exercise number 8. Check with a verb

Exercise number 9. Insert the missing letters, mark the spelling.