The best modern psychologists of the world. Outstanding psychologists and their contribution to the development of science - abstract

It is amazing, but most of the authors of books on child psychology, living and writing in our country, are unfamiliar to their parents. We read foreign psychologists. Maybe it's a tribute to fashion, or maybe the publishers' marketing policy. Nevertheless, modern Russian psychologists write books for parents. And what books! If you're lost in the maze of parent-child relationships, check out the books in this article. We are sure that many questions will be answered. Website for parents Growing up in Tver presents 10 child psychologists, authors of books on parenting.

We limited ourselves to ten authors, but there are, of course, many more. It is Russian psychologists that we recommend in this review, because they know Russian reality firsthand and understand well where the legs of modern problems grow from.

Books on parenting Gippenreiter Yu.B.

1. Julia Borisovna Gippenreiter is our everything. She is deservedly considered a modern classic in the field of psychology. By the way, she writes not only books for parents, but also textbooks for students. Which is not at all surprising: she is a doctor of psychological sciences, a professor. Currently, he is a professor at the Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Moscow State University. But we are grateful to her for her ability to convey to the heart of every parent the idea that the main tool of education is not a belt, but unconditional love. Books are produced in large numbers, reprinted many times, quotes from them and pocket versions are issued - all this is evidence of her talent as a popularizer of read article.

Books on child psychology by Irina Mlodik

2. Irina Yuryevna Mlodik - child psychologist, chairman of the association of psychologists-practitioners "Just Together". Her ironic style of writing books and common sense approach to problem solving captivate readers. By allowing us to be “imperfect parents”, Irina Yuryevna not only won the love of the target audience, but also opened the eyes of many parents to what their children feel. She talks with parents on the most pressing topics: how to tell a child about death, how to teach them to make choices, and many others.

Books:

A book for imperfect parents
Initiation to a miracle, or non-guide to child psychotherapy
School and how to survive in it
While you were trying to become a god... The painful path of the narcissist
Where you are not yet

Nina Nekrasova

3. Nina Nekrasova - teacher, author of methods, more than 35 years of experience working with children. Another author whose books are as easy to read as they are interesting. Live examples, unexpected angles, scientific depth - that's what characterizes her books. Together with her daughter Zaryana, she writes for many women's and family magazines. We are sure that you have read her articles in the magazine "My Child". Books have been translated into other languages. In each of her books, Nina Nekrasova convinces parents that most problems can be avoided if you remember the main tool of education - unconditional love.

Books:

Stop raising children - help them grow
No danger. From birth to school.
No danger. School years
How to find contact with a child? Fabulous Opportunities!
What do you need to live together. Fun parenting for the whole family
For dad to help. How to teach a man to take care of a baby

Ekaterina Murashova

4. Ekaterina Murashova - family and child psychologist, writer, author of books for teenagers. She worked under the "Doctors of the World" program with children from socially disadvantaged families. Winner of literary awards. He writes a column for Snob magazine. According to her script, the film "Correction Class" about the problems of adolescents was shot.

Books:

Love or nurture?
Mattress children and disaster children.
Your incomprehensible child.
Psychological recipes for parents

Vladimir Levy

5. Vladimir Levi - writer, psychotherapist, candidate of medical sciences, psychologist. The books have been translated into many languages.

Books:

Irregular child
How to raise parents or a new non-standard child
The art of being yourself
Quaddy qua
me and us
Lucky for people

Alla Barkan

Books:

6. Barkan Alla Isaakovna - pediatrician, doctor of medical sciences, professor of psychology, master of philosophy at the University of Vienna, author of more than 120 articles and 19 books about children.

The world through the eyes of a baby. Baby through the eyes of a psychologist
Bad habits of good children
Ordinary family wars

Belonoshchenko Evgenia

7. Evgenia Belonoshchenko - psychologist, founder of the baby club, organizer of trainings for parents. The book Born with Character is an attempt to systematize the types of children's personalities. The traditional school of psychology talks about temperaments, here it offers a different look at children's characters. After reading this book and finding in it the type of your child, you will definitely better understand him and his actions.

Book

Born with character

Olga Vologodskaya

8. Vologda Olga Pavlovna

It turns out that it is very convenient for parents to maintain lack of independence in their child. And it happens on the contrary, too early parents load their children with independence. What portions to give freedom? Where to begin? How to recognize the danger and teach the child to see these boundaries for himself? This is described in the book of Olga Vologodskaya.

Book:

Education of independence in children. Mom, can I do it myself?!

Ludmila Strelkova

9. L. P. Strelkova. The Emotional Dictionary is an unusual book. This is a psychological workshop that parents do with their children. Plunging into the stories-situations proposed by the author, one can learn to share the feelings of another. But this is one of the secrets of education. No wonder they say that happiness is when you are understood.

Emotional primer from Ah to ah-yay-yay

Olga Yurchenko

10. Olga Yurchenko - teacher and psychologist. She raises in her books such topical problems of children's education as laziness and deceit. How to distinguish between manipulation and a cry for help? What is hidden behind childish deception and where does laziness come from? Olga Yurchenko tried to find answers to these and other questions. The books contain a large number of tests and exercises to help you sort out your problems.

The whole truth about children's lies, or what parents of young deceivers need to know
I don't want to and I won't! How to deal with children's laziness

Open any newspaper or magazine and you will find the terms proposed by Sigmund Freud. Sublimation, projection, transference, defenses, complexes, neuroses, hysterias, stresses, psychological traumas and crises, etc. - all these words have firmly entered our lives. And the books of Freud and other prominent psychologists also firmly entered it. We offer you a list of the best - those that have changed our reality

17 best books by great psychologists

We offer you a list of the best - those that have changed our reality.

Eric Bern. Games People Play.

Bern believes that every person's life is programmed up to the age of five, and then we all play games with each other using three roles: Adult, Parent and Child.

Edward de Bono. Six Thinking Hats

Edward de Bono, a British psychologist, developed a method for teaching effective thinking. The six hats are six different ways of thinking. De Bono suggests "trying on" each headgear to learn how to think in different ways depending on the situation.

The red hat is emotions, the black hat is criticism, the yellow hat is optimism, the green hat is creativity, the blue one is thought control, and the white one is facts and figures.

Alfred Adler. Understand human nature

Alfred Adler is one of the most famous students of Sigmund Freud. He created his own concept of individual (or individual) psychology. Adler wrote that a person's actions are influenced not only by the past (as Freud taught), but also by the future, or rather the goal that a person wants to achieve in the future. And based on this goal, he transforms his past and present.

In other words, only knowing the goal, we can understand why a person acted this way and not otherwise. Take, for example, the image with the theater: only by the last act do we understand the actions of the characters that they performed in the first act.

Norman Doidge. Brain plasticity

MD, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Norman Doidge devoted his research to brain plasticity. In his main work, he makes a revolutionary statement: our brain is able to change its own structure and work due to the thoughts and actions of a person. Doidge talks about the latest discoveries that prove that the human brain is plastic, which means it can change itself.

The book features stories of scientists, doctors, and patients who have achieved amazing transformations. Those who had serious problems managed to cure brain diseases that were considered incurable without surgery and pills. Well, those who did not have any special problems were able to significantly improve the functioning of their brain.

Susan Weinshenk "Laws of Influence"

Susan Weinshenk is a well-known American psychologist specializing in behavioral psychology. She is called "The Brain Lady" as she studies the latest advances in neuroscience and the human brain and applies her knowledge to business and everyday life.

Susan talks about the basic laws of the psyche. In her bestselling book, she identifies 7 main motivators of human behavior that affect our lives.

Eric Erickson. Childhood and society

Erik Erikson is an outstanding psychologist who detailed and supplemented the famous age periodization of Sigmund Freud. The periodization of human life proposed by Erickson consists of 8 stages, each of which ends with a crisis. This crisis a person must go through correctly. If it does not pass, then it (the crisis) is added to the load in the next period.

Robert Chaldini. The psychology of persuasion

The famous book of the famous American psychologist Robert Cialdini. It has become a classic in social psychology. "Psychology of Persuasion" is recommended by the world's best scientists as a guide to interpersonal relationships and conflict management.

Hans Eysenck. Personality measurements

Hans Eysenck is a British psychologist, one of the leaders of the biological direction in psychology, the creator of the factor theory of personality. He is best known as the author of the popular IQ test.

Daniel Goleman. Emotional Leadership

Psychologist Daniel Goleman completely changed the way we think about leadership when he said that for a leader, “emotional intelligence” (EQ) is more important than IQ.

Emotional intelligence (EQ) is the ability to identify and understand emotions, both one's own and those of others, and the ability to use this knowledge to manage one's behavior and relationships with people. A leader without emotional intelligence may be highly trained, sharp-witted, and endlessly generating new ideas, but he will still lose out to a leader who can manage emotions.

Malcolm Gladwell. Insight: The Power of Instant Decisions

The famous sociologist Malcolm Gladwell presented a number of interesting studies on intuition. He is sure that each of us has intuition, and it is worth listening to it. Our unconscious, without our participation, processes huge amounts of data and gives out the most correct decision on a silver platter, which we just have to not miss and use properly for ourselves.

However, intuition is easily frightened by the lack of time to make a decision, the state of stress, as well as the attempt to describe in words your thoughts and actions.

Viktor Frankl. Will to Meaning

Viktor Frankl is a world-famous Austrian psychologist and psychiatrist, student of Alfred Adler and founder of logotherapy. Logotherapy (from the Greek "Logos" - the word and "terapia" - care, care, treatment) is a direction in psychotherapy that arose on the basis of the conclusions that Frankl made while being a concentration camp prisoner.

This is a meaning-seeking therapy, this is the way that helps a person find meaning in any circumstances of his life, including such extreme ones as suffering. And here it is very important to understand the following: in order to find this meaning, Frankl proposes to explore not the depths of the personality (as Freud believed), but its heights.

That's a very big difference in accent. Before Frankl, psychologists mainly tried to help people by exploring the depths of their subconscious, and Frankl insists on the full disclosure of a person's potential, on exploring his heights. Thus, he places emphasis, figuratively speaking, on the spire of the building (height), and not on its basement (depths).

Sigmund Freud. Dream interpretation

Sigmund Freud needs no introduction. Let us say only a few words about his main conclusions. The founder of psychoanalysis believed that nothing happens just like that, you always have to look for the cause. And the cause of psychological problems lies in the unconscious.

He came up with a new method that introduces into the unconscious, and therefore studies it - this is the method of free associations. Freud was sure that everyone lived in the Oedipus complex (for men) or the Electra complex (for women). The formation of personality occurs precisely during this period - from 3 to 5 years.

Anna Freud. Psychology Self and defense mechanisms

Anna Freud is the youngest daughter of the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. She founded a new direction in psychology - ego psychology. Her main scientific merit is the development of the theory of human defense mechanisms.

Anna also made significant progress in studying the nature of aggression, but still her most significant contribution to psychology was the creation of child psychology and child psychoanalysis.

Nancy McWilliams. Psychoanalytic diagnostics

This book is the bible of modern psychoanalysis. American psychoanalyst Nancy McWilliams writes that we are all irrational to some extent, which means that for each person it is necessary to answer two basic questions: “How crazy?” and “What exactly is psycho?”

The first question can be answered by three levels of the work of the psyche, and the second - by the types of character (narcissistic, schizoid, depressive, paranoid, hysterical, etc.), studied in detail by Nancy McWilliams and described in the book Psychoanalytic Diagnostics.

Carl Jung. Archetype and symbol

Carl Jung is the second famous student of Sigmund Freud (we have already talked about Alfred Adler). Jung believed that the unconscious is not only the lowest in a person, but also the highest, for example, creativity. The unconscious thinks in symbols.

Jung introduces the concept of the collective unconscious, with which a person is born, it is the same for everyone. When a person is born, he is already filled with ancient images, archetypes. They pass from generation to generation. Archetypes affect everything that happens to a person.

Abraham Maslow. The far reaches of the human psyche

Abraham Maslow is a world famous psychologist whose pyramid of needs is known to everyone. But Maslow is famous for more than that. He was the first to describe a mentally healthy person. Psychiatrists, psychotherapists, as a rule, deal with mental disorders. This area is fairly well explored. But few have studied mental health. What does it mean to be a healthy person? Where is the line between pathology and normality?

Martin Seligman. How to learn optimism

Martin Seligman is an outstanding American psychologist, the founder of positive psychology. He became world famous for his studies of the phenomenon of learned helplessness, that is, passivity in the face of supposedly unavoidable troubles.

Seligman proved that the basis of helplessness and its extreme manifestation - depression - is pessimism. The psychologist introduces us to two of his main concepts: the theory of learned helplessness and the concept of explanatory style. They are closely related. The first explains why we become pessimists, and the second explains how to change the way we think from a pessimist to an optimist. published .

Have questions - ask them

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consciousness - together we change the world! © econet

Even though each of the theoretical psychologists presented here is likely to have been guided by the ideas of a certain dominant school, they all made individual invaluable contributions to the development of psychology.
The magazine was published in July 2002 Review of General Psychology, in which the ranking of the 99 most influential psychologists was presented. The ranking was based on three main factors: journal citation frequency, textbook introduction frequency, and a survey of 1,725 members of the American Psychological Association.

10 Influential Psychological Thinkers

The list below shows 10 psychologists who, according to the results of the survey, are considered the most influential. These people are the most famous thinkers in psychology, who played an important role in the history of psychology and expanded the understanding of human behavior through their work. This list is not an attempt to determine who was the most influential or which school of thought was the best. The list gives an idea of certain theoretical views that have influenced not only psychology but our culture as a whole.

1. B. F. Skinner

In a 2002 study of the 99 most prominent psychologists of the 20th century, B.F. Skinner topped the list. Skinner's enduring behaviorism made him the dominant personality in psychology, and therapies based on his theories are widely used today, including in areas such as economics.

2.

When people think of psychology they think of the name Freud. In his work, he adhered to the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes. Freud also offered evidence that people's psychology and behavior are influenced by their cultural differences. The work and writings of Sigmund Freud contributed to a deeper understanding of the personality, the development of clinical psychology, human potential and pathopsychology.

3. Albert Bandura

Bandura's work is part of a cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. He emphasized the importance of social learning theory through observation, imitation and modeling. "Learning would be extremely laborious, if not dangerous, if people were to rely solely on the result of their own actions." In his book The Theory of Social Learning, 1977, the author systematically sets out reasonable assumptions that human behavior is regulated by complex interactions of external and internal factors: social processes have just as much influence on behavior as cognitive ones.

4.

The works of Jean Piaget affect the understanding of children's intellectual development in the field of psychology. Jean Piaget's research helped develop developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, genetic epistemology, and the emergence of reforms in education. Albert Einstein once called Piaget's observations of children's intellectual development and thought processes a discovery "so simple that only a genius could think of it."

5. Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of the influence of human potential on psychology and education. Carl Rogers became one of the most important humanistic thinkers, known for the eponymous direction in therapy "Rogers therapy", which he himself called person-centered psychotherapy. As his daughter Natalie Rogers describes, he was "an example of compassion and democratic ideals in life and in work as an educator, writer and therapist."

6. William James

Psychologist and philosopher William James is often referred to as the father of American psychology. His 1200-page book Principles of Psychology has become a classic. His teachings and writings helped the development of psychology as a science. In addition, James contributed to the development of functionalism, pragmatism and served as an example for many students of psychology during his 35-year teaching career.

Erik Erikson's theory of age development has contributed to the creation of a keen interest in the study of the development of human potential. As a follower of ego psychology, Erickson extended psychoanalytic theory by exploring personality development: events in early childhood, adulthood, and old age.

8. Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov is a Russian physiologist whose studies of conditioned reflexes helped the formation and development of such a direction as behaviorism in psychology. Pavlov's experimental methods helped scientists move away from introspection and subjective assessments and move towards the objective measurement of behavior in psychology.

Lewin has been called the father of modern social psychology for his pioneering work in which he used scientific methods and experiments to study social behavior. Lewin was a constructive theorist who, through his sustained impact on psychology, became one of the pre-eminent psychologists of the 20th century.

10. Readers' Choice

Eugene Garfield (in 1977) and Haggbloom (in 2002), when publishing their rating lists, left the last item of the list empty in order to allow the reader to independently choose the psychologist who, in the reader's opinion, should be included in this list.

Psychology, or the science of the soul, has been known to the world since antiquity. That's when she was born. Over the years, this science has been changed, developed, supplemented.

They made a huge contribution to this psychologists who explored the inner world of man. They wrote many treatises, articles and books, on the pages of which they told the world something new, something that turned the view of many things upside down.

In this material, the site presents to your attention the names the most famous psychologists in the world, quotes from which are often found in books, magazines and newspapers. These are the people who became famous all over the world for their discoveries and scientific views.

Sigmund Freud - the most famous psychologist in the world, who founded psychoanalysis

Many of you have probably heard about this great Austrian psychologist, psychoanalyst, psychiatrist and neurologist. It was his inquisitiveness in the knowledge of human nature and a penetrating mind that prompted him to the following idea: the cause of a nervous breakdown lies in a whole complex of conscious and unconscious processes that closely interact with each other.

Therefore, the most influential psychologist in the world created psychoanalysis - a specific method of treatment. mental disorders which brought Freud worldwide recognition.

The essence of Freud's psychoanalysis is as follows: the patient ceases to control his thoughts and says the first thing that comes to his mind through associations, fantasies and dreams.

Based on all this, the analyst draws a conclusion about what unconscious conflicts led to the problem. Then the specialist interprets it to the patient in order to find ways to solve the problem.

This innovative method of treating mental disorders had a huge impact on medicine, psychology, anthropology, sociology, literature, and art of the 20th century.

Despite the fact that it has been criticized and is still being criticized in scientific circles, it is widely used in our time.

Abraham Harold Maslow - author of the pyramid of human needs

Abraham Harold Maslow is also among the world's most influential psychologists. The American psychologist founded humanistic psychology, according to which a person from birth strives for self-improvement, creativity and self-sufficiency.

In other words, a person is the creator of his own life, having the freedom to choose and develop a lifestyle, unless physical or social influences interfere.

Among the scientific works of the world-famous thinker, special attention deserves " Maslow's pyramid". It consists of special charts that reflect the needs of a person, which the psychologist has distributed as they grow.

They are shown in the following picture:

The author explains this distribution by the fact that while a person experiences physiological needs, he cannot experience needs that are at the highest level. Maslow's pyramid is widely used in economics today.

Victor Emil Frankl - founder of logotherapy

Viktor Emil Frankl is included in the list of the most famous psychologists in the world for a reason. After all, being also a psychiatrist, as well as a philosopher, he created the Third Vienna School of Psychotherapy.

Among the most popular scientific works of the thinker, the work “Man in search of meaning” should be highlighted. It was this monograph that became the impetus for the development of logotherapy - a new method of psychotherapy.

According to her, the desire of a person to find and realize his meaning of life in the world is the primary motivating force.

The main task of logotherapy, which Frankl created, is to help a person make his past, present and future more meaningful, thus saving him from neurosis.

Frankl called the suppression of this need existential frustration. This psychological state often leads to mental and neurotic disorders.

Alois Alzheimer - psychiatrist who studied pathologies of the nervous system

The name of the German psychiatrist and neurologist is probably known to many of you. After all, she named a well-known mental disorder, accompanied by a violation of memory, attention, performance and disorientation in space. Namely, Alzheimer's disease.

A neurologist devoted his entire life to the study of various pathologies of the nervous system. In his articles, he covered topics such as like schizophrenia, brain atrophy, alcoholic psychosis, epilepsy and much more.

The works of the German psychiatrist are still widely used throughout the world today. So, in order to diagnose Alzheimer's disease, the same diagnostic methods are used that a neurologist used back in 1906.

Dale Carnegie - the world's most famous psychologist, guru of human relationships

American educational psychologist, Dale Carnegie wanted to become a teacher in order to stand out and achieve recognition, because in his youth he was ashamed of his appearance and poverty.

So he decided to try his hand at oratory. Giving all of himself to training and practicing speech, he achieves his goal and begins his career with teaching stage art and rhetoric.

Then he creates his own institute of oratory and human relations, where he teaches everyone the communication skills that he created himself.

Dale Carnegie was not only a famous educator, psychologist, motivational speaker and lecturer, but also a writer. In 1936, his book How to Win Friends and Influence People was published and became a worldwide bestseller. In it, the author in an understandable language, based on examples from life, explains to readers what needs to be done in order to gain respect, recognition and popularity.

Of course, there are much more influential world psychologists. But we did not focus on each of them. But they only singled out those personalities whose names everyone should know.

After all, their works are truly valuable, because they have changed the lives of many people. They contain the information that each person can use to solve a particular difficult situation, gain valuable life skills, improve relationships with others, and also in order to fill their existence with meaning.

You may be interested in: Memory test.

Last update: 22/03/2015

Overview of prominent thinkers in psychology

The breadth and variety of psychology can be seen by looking at some of the most famous thinkers. While each theorist may have been part of the most important philosophical school, each brought unique contributions and new perspectives to the development of psychology as a science.

A study that appeared in July 2002 « » created a ranking of the 99 most influential psychologists. The rankings were based primarily on three factors: journal citation frequency, textbook introductory citations, and survey results. 1725 members of the American Association psychologists.

10 Influential Thinkers in Psychology

The following list provides an overview of 10 psychologists from this survey. These people are not only some of the most famous thinkers in the field of psychology, they also played an important role in the history of psychology and made important contributions to our understanding of human behavior. This list is not an attempt to determine who was the most influential or which schools of thought were the best. Instead, this list provides insight into some of the theoretical perspectives that influence not only psychology but also the cultural environment in which we live.

Tops the list in a 2002 study of the 99 most prominent psychologists of the 20th century. Skinner made a huge contribution to the development and promotion of behaviorism. Therapies based on his theories are still widely used today, including behavior modification techniques.

When people think of psychology, many tend to think of Freud. His work supports the notion that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes, and he also offered evidence that cultural differences influence psychology and behavior. His works and writings have contributed to our understanding of personality, clinical psychology, human development, and pathopsychology.

The works are considered part of the cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. His social learning theory emphasized the importance of observational learning, imitation and modeling. “Learning would be extremely laborious, not to say dangerous, if people had to rely only on the results of their own actions in order to understand what they should do. Bandura explained in his book Social Learning Theory.

The work of Jean Piaget has had a profound impact on psychology, especially in our understanding of children's intellectual development. His research contributed to the growth of developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, genetic epistemology, and educational reform. Albert Einstein once described Piaget's observations on children's intellectual growth and thought processes as a discovery, "So simple that only a genius could think of it."

Carl Rogers emphasized human potential, which had a huge impact on psychology and education. He became one of the most important humanistic thinkers. As his daughter Natalie Rogers writes, he was "He treated people through life with empathy and understanding, and embodied his democratic ideals in his work as a teacher, writer and therapist."

Psychologist and philosopher William James is often referred to as the father of American psychology. His 1,200-page text, Principles of Psychology, became a classic on the subject, and his teachings and writings helped establish psychology as a science. In addition, James made contributions to functionalism, pragmatism, and influenced many psychology students during his 35 years of teaching.

Erik Erickson's psychosocial developmental stage theory helped spark interest and research in human development across lifespan. The psychologist expanded the theory by examining development throughout life, including the experiences of childhood, adulthood, and old age.

He was a Russian physiologist, whose research influenced the development of such a direction in psychology as behaviorism. Pavlov's experimental methods helped move psychology away from introspection and subjective assessments towards the objective measurement of behavior.