Time machine scientific developments. Real cases of time travel

Scientists have managed to prove that it is possible to travel in time ... So, according to the research of the Israeli scientist Amos Ori, time travel is scientifically substantiated. And at present, world science already has the necessary theoretical knowledge to be able to assert that in theory it is possible to create a time machine.

The mathematical calculations of the Israeli scientist were published in one of the specialized publications. Ori concludes that the creation of a time machine requires the presence of gigantic gravitational forces. The scientist based his research on the conclusions made back in 1947 by his colleague, Kurt Gödel, the essence of which is that ...

The theory of relativity does not deny the existence of certain models of space and time.

According to Ori's calculations, the ability to travel into the past arises if the curved space-time structure is shaped into a funnel or ring. At the same time, each new coil of this structure will carry the person further into the past. In addition, according to the scientist, the gravitational forces necessary for the implementation of such temporary travel are probably located near the so-called black holes, the first mention of which dates back to the 18th century.

One of the scientists (Pierre Simon Laplace) put forward a theory about the existence of cosmic bodies that are invisible to the human eye, but have such high gravity that not a single light beam is reflected from them. The beam needs to overcome the speed of light in order to be reflected from such a cosmic body, but it is known that it is impossible to overcome it.

The boundaries of black holes are called event horizons. Each object that reaches it gets inside, and it is not visible from the outside what is happening inside the hole. Probably, the laws of physics cease to operate in it, temporal and spatial coordinates change places.

Thus, the spatial journey becomes a journey through time.

Despite this highly detailed and significant study, there is no evidence that time travel is real. However, no one has been able to prove that this is just a fiction. At the same time, throughout the history of mankind, a huge number of facts have been accumulated that indicate that time travel is still real. So, in the ancient chronicles of the era of the pharaohs, the Middle Ages, and then the French Revolution and world wars, the appearance of strange machines, people and mechanisms was recorded.

In order not to be unfounded, here are a few examples:

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In May 1828, a teenager was caught in Nuremberg. Despite a thorough investigation and 49 volumes of the case, as well as portraits sent all over Europe, it turned out to be impossible to find out his identity, just like the places where the boy came from. He was given the name Kaspar Hauser, and he had incredible abilities and habits: the boy saw perfectly in the dark, but did not know what fire, milk was. He died from an assassin’s bullet, and his personality remained a mystery. However, there were suggestions that before coming to Germany, the boy lived in a completely different world.

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In 1897, a very unusual incident occurred on the streets of the Siberian town of Tobolsk. At the end of August, a man of strange appearance and no less strange behavior was detained there. The man's surname is Krapivin. When he was taken to the police station and began to be interrogated, everyone was surprised by the information that the man shared: according to him, he was born in 1965 in Angarsk, and worked as a PC operator.

The man could not explain his appearance in the city in any way, however, according to him, shortly before that, he felt a severe headache, after which he lost consciousness. Waking up, Krapivin saw an unfamiliar town. To examine a strange man, a doctor was called to the police station, who diagnosed him with “quiet insanity”. After that, Krapivin was placed in a local lunatic asylum.

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The tourists asked for directions, but instead of helping, the men looked at them strangely and pointed in an indefinite direction. After some time, the women again met strange people. This time it was a young woman with a girl, also dressed in old-fashioned clothes. The women this time did not suspect anything unusual until they came across another group of people dressed in ancient clothes.

These people spoke in an unfamiliar dialect of French. Soon the women realized that their own appearance caused amazement and bewilderment of those present. However, one of the men pointed them in the right direction. When the tourists reached their destination, they were amazed not by the house itself, but by the sight of the lady who sat next to it and made sketches in the album. She was very beautiful, in a powdered wig, a long dress, which was worn by aristocrats of the 18th century.

And only then did the Englishwomen finally realize that they were in the past. Soon the landscape changed, the vision disappeared, and the women swore to each other not to tell anyone about their journey. However, later, in 1911, they jointly wrote a book about the experience.

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In 1924, British Royal Air Force pilots were forced to make an emergency landing in Iraq. Their footprints were clearly visible in the sand, but they soon broke off. The pilots were never found, although in the area where the incident occurred, there were no quicksands, no sandstorms, no abandoned wells ...

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In 1930, a country doctor named Edward Moon was returning home after visiting his patient, Lord Edward Carson, who lived in Kent. The Lord was very ill, so the doctor visited him every day and knew the area well. One day, Moon, walking outside the estate of his patient, noticed that the area looked a little different than before. Instead of a road, there was a muddy path that led through deserted meadows.

While the doctor was trying to understand what had happened, he met a strange man who was walking a little ahead. He was dressed somewhat old-fashioned and carried an ancient musket. The man also noticed the doctor and stopped, obviously in amazement. When Moon turned around to look at the estate, the mysterious wanderer disappeared and the entire landscape returned to normal.

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During the battles for the liberation of Estonia, which were fought throughout 1944, not far from the Gulf of Finland, a tank reconnaissance battalion commanded by Troshin came across a strange group of cavalrymen dressed in historical uniforms in the forest. When the cavalry saw the tanks, they fled. As a result of the persecution, one of the strange people was detained.

He spoke exclusively in French, so he was mistaken for a soldier of the allied army. The cavalryman was taken to the headquarters, but everything he told shocked both the translator and the officers. The cavalryman claimed that he was a cuirassier of the Napoleonic army, and that the remnants of it were trying to get out of the encirclement after the retreat from Moscow. The soldier also said that he was born in 1772. The next day, the mysterious cavalryman was taken away by employees of the special department ...

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Another similar story is connected with the Kola Peninsula. For many centuries there was a legend that the highly developed civilization of Hyperborea was located there. In the 1920s, an expedition was sent there, supported by Dzerzhinsky himself. The group headed by Kondiaina and Barchenko went to the area of ​​Lovozero and Seydozero in 1922. All materials on the return of the expedition were classified, and Barchenko was later repressed and shot.

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No one knows the details of the expedition, however, local residents say that during the search a strange hole was discovered underground, but incomprehensible fear and horror prevented scientists from penetrating there. Local residents also do not risk using these caves, because one may not return from them. And besides, there is a legend that near them they have repeatedly seen either a caveman or a snowman.

This story, perhaps, would have remained classified if, as a result of intrigues, it had not got into Western publications. One pilot of the NATO troops told reporters about a strange story that happened to him. It all happened in May 1999. The plane took off from the NATO base in Holland, carrying out the task of monitoring the actions of the parties in conflict with the Yugoslav war. When the plane was flying over Germany, the pilot suddenly saw a group of fighters that were moving straight at him. But they were all strange.

Flying closer, the pilot saw that it was the German Messerschmites. The pilot did not know what to do, because his plane was not equipped with weapons. However, he soon saw that the German fighter had come under the sight of the Soviet fighter. The vision lasted for a few seconds, then everything disappeared. There is other evidence of past penetrations that have taken place in the air.

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So, in 1976, the Soviet pilot V. Orlov said that he personally saw how ground military operations were being conducted under the wing of the MiG-25 aircraft he piloted. According to the descriptions of the pilot, he was an eyewitness to the battle that took place in 1863 near Gettysburg. In 1985, one of the NATO pilots, taking off from a NATO base located in Africa, saw a very strange picture: below, instead of a desert, he saw savannahs with a lot of trees and dinosaurs grazing on the lawns. Soon the vision disappeared.

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In 1986, the Soviet pilot A. Ustimov, in the course of a mission, discovered that he was over Ancient Egypt. According to him, he saw one pyramid, which was completely built, as well as the foundations of others, around which many people were swarming. In the late 80s of the last century, captain of the second rank, military sailor Ivan Zalygin got into a very interesting and mysterious story. It all started with the fact that his diesel submarine got into a severe lightning storm.

The captain decided to surface, but as soon as the ship took the surface position, the watchman reported that an unidentified floating craft was right on the course. It turned out to be a rescue boat in which Soviet sailors found a military man in the form of a Japanese sailor during the Second World War. During a search of this man, documents were found that were issued back in 1940. As soon as the incident was reported, the captain received an order to proceed to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, where counterintelligence representatives were already waiting for the Japanese sailor. Members of the team took a non-disclosure agreement for the fact of the find for a period of ten years.

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The mysterious story happened in 1952 in New York. In November, an unidentified man was hit on Broadway. His body was taken to the morgue. The police were surprised that the young man was dressed in ancient clothes, and in the pocket of his trousers were found the same old watch and a knife made at the beginning of the century.

However, the surprise of the police knew no bounds when they saw a certificate issued about 8 decades ago, as well as business cards indicating the profession (traveling salesman). After checking the address, it was possible to establish that the street indicated in the documents has not existed for about half a century. As a result of the investigation, it was possible to find out that the deceased was the father of one of the long-livers of New York, who disappeared for about 70 years during an ordinary walk. To prove her words, the woman showed a photo: it had the date - 1884, and the photo itself showed a man who died under the wheels of a car in the same strange suit.

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In 1954, after popular unrest in Japan, a man was detained during passport control. All his documents were in order, except that they were issued by the non-existent state of Tuared. The man himself claimed that his country is located on the African continent between French Sudan and Mauritania. Moreover, he was amazed when he saw that Algiers was in the place of his Tuared. True, the Tuareg tribe really lived there, but it never had sovereignty.

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In 1980, a young man disappeared in Paris after his car was covered in a bright, glowing foggy ball. A week later, he appeared at the same place where he disappeared, but at the same time he thought that he was absent for only a few minutes. In 1985, on the first day of the new school year, second-grader Vlad Geineman played "war" with his friends at recess. To knock the "enemy" off the trail, he dived into the nearest doorway. However, when a few seconds later the boy jumped out of there, he did not recognize the school yard - it was completely empty.

The boy rushed to the school, but he was stopped by his stepfather, who had been looking for him for a long time to take him home. As it turned out, more than an hour and a half had passed since he decided to hide. But Vlad himself did not remember what happened to him during this time. An equally strange story happened to the Englishman Peter Williams. According to him, he got into some strange place during a thunderstorm. After a lightning strike, he lost consciousness, and when he came to, he found that he was lost.

After walking along a narrow road, he managed to stop the car and ask for help. The man was taken to the hospital. After some time, the young man's health improved, and he could already go for a walk. But since his clothes were completely ruined, the roommate lent him his. When Peter went out into the garden, he realized that he was in the place where he was overtaken by a thunderstorm. Williams wanted to thank the medical staff and a kind neighbor.

He managed to find a hospital, but no one recognized him there, and all the clinic staff looked much older. There were no records of Peter's admission in the registration book, as well as a roommate. When the man remembered the trousers, he was told that they were an outdated model that had been out of production for over 20 years!

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In 1991, a railway worker saw that a train was coming from the side of the old branch, where not even the rails were left: a steam locomotive and three wagons. It was of a very strange appearance, and clearly not of Russian production. The train passed the worker and left in the direction in which Sevastopol was located. Information about this incident was even published in one of the publications in 1992. It contained data that back in 1911 a pleasure train left Rome, in which there were a large number of passengers.

He got into a thick fog, and then drove into the tunnel. He was not seen again. The tunnel itself was filled with stones. Perhaps they would have forgotten about this if the train had not appeared in the Poltava region. Many scientists then put forward the version that this train somehow managed to pass through time. Some of them attribute this ability to the fact that almost at the same time when the train set off, a powerful earthquake occurred in Italy, as a result of which large cracks appeared not only on the surface of the earth, but also in the chronological field.

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In 1994, a ten-month-old girl was discovered by the crew of a Norwegian fishing vessel in Atlantic northern waters. She was very cold, but she was alive. The girl was tied to a life buoy, on which there was an inscription - "Titanic". It is worth noting that the baby was found exactly where the famous ship sank in 1912. Of course, it was simply impossible to believe in the reality of what was happening, but when they raised the documents, they really found a 10-month-old child on the Titanic passenger list.

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There are other pieces of evidence related to this ship. So, some sailors claimed that they saw the ghost of the sinking Titanic. According to some scientists, the ship fell into the so-called time trap, in which people can disappear without a trace, and then appear in a completely unexpected place. The list of disappearances can be continued for a very, very long time.

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It makes no sense to mention all of them, because most of them are similar to each other. Almost always, time travel is irreversible, but sometimes it turns out that people who have disappeared for a while then return safely. Unfortunately, many of them end up in madhouses, because no one wants to believe in their stories, and they themselves do not really understand whether what happened to them is true.

Scientists have been trying to solve the problem of temporary movements for several centuries. It may well happen that soon this problem will become an objective reality, and not the plot of science fiction books and films.

Many have heard of a time machine, but few know that science fiction writer Edward Mitchell first wrote about the possibility of time travel in 1881. In his short story "The Clock that Went Back", he described a similar possibility, and only then HG Wells came up with the concept of "time machine".

As is often the case, science fiction writers have become prophets to some extent. After some time, Albert Einstein came up with the theory of relativity. And in our time, attempts at time travel have been embodied in the Large Hadron Collider.

In general, for many centuries people have dreamed of going on a journey through time, seeing with their own eyes how gladiator fights or jousting tournaments took place, or finding out if robots would take over the planet in the future. And only in the last century, thanks to the mathematician Kurt Gödel, humanity learned that time travel is possible. Based on Einstein's theory of relativity, Gödel concluded in 1949 that the universe has a circular structure, which suggests the possibility of time travel. All that is needed for this is a very fast transport, which will serve as a time machine, accelerating to 298 thousand kilometers per second (to the speed of light). For example, a sunbeam reaches the Earth in 8 minutes 19 seconds, while overcoming 150 million kilometers. If any device manages to accelerate faster, then it will fall into the future or the past.

Perhaps the most promising time-jumping experiment was the one that began in 1983, when scientists began designing and building the Large Hadron Collider, a gigantic tube 27 kilometers long with a vacuum inside. The main objective of the project was to disperse matter so much that it exceeds the speed of light and jump into another time. The first significant advances came in April 2012, when scientists announced that they had reached speeds approaching the speed of light. It was a real triumph, since no one had previously been able to achieve such a speed in a vacuum, but it was not possible to overcome the speed of light during the experiment.

However, in the course of the experiment, certain results were still achieved. So, scientists have registered a phenomenon associated with the fact that while moving at high speed, elementary particles moved in time in the opposite direction relative to the natural course of events.

Such results were provided by the scientists of the American Vanderbilt University Thomas Weiler and Chiu Mann Ho. They concluded that the Large Hadron Collider is, in fact, the world's first man-made time machine. In addition, during the experiments, the researchers came to the conclusion that in addition to the so-called Higgs bosons (a hypothetical particle that is responsible for the presence of mass in matter), completely new types of bosons arise in the collision of particles, which occurs at great speed - singlet bosons. It has been suggested that these singlet Higgs bosons can travel in time. In this case, it is not difficult to fix the particle itself, since the signal of its detection is recorded even before the collision of the beams generating it.

Note that Weiler and Ho's hypothesis is based on the so-called M-theory, another hypothesis about the "theory of everything". It explains all the fundamental foundations of the universe in the language of mathematical formulas.

At present, science is at a very advanced stage of development, but it is not able to provide practical solutions for temporary travel. And even if it is still possible to prove the existence of singlet bosons and their ability to move in the direction of past time, this will not give even theoretical chances to move living beings or objects into the past with their help. If only people can learn to control the properties of singlet bosons, then with their help, it would theoretically be possible to send all sorts of messages into the past. But it is necessary to weigh all the pros and cons, because this can not only save humanity, but also cause significant harm.

And in general, despite the assurances of scientists that the hadron collider is the world's first time machine, after all, it is not the only one. Some scientists say that there is an alternative way to travel in time - the so-called black holes. They have not been fully explored. And all because it is very difficult to observe them, even with the most powerful telescope. Black holes can only be found using x-rays. At the same time, astrophysicists understood how black holes formed. Giant stars that existed millions of years ago went through all stages of development, after which they died. They exploded, gradually faded and shrank to small sizes. But their mass remained very large, and therefore the formed lump turned out to be very dense and heavy.

According to scientists, if the Earth turned into a black hole, then a pea less than a centimeter in diameter would remain from it. At the same time, the force of attraction would remain the same as it is now.

Black holes suck in everything within their gravitational field. According to scientists, it is black holes that are a kind of time machine created by the cosmos. However, it is impossible to seriously consider a black hole as a variant of a time machine, because, according to physicists, before a person reaches a zone in which the laws of gravity do not apply, the same gravity will kill him (a person will begin to decompose into molecules already when entering a black hole ).

That is why scientists are confident that evidence that a time machine will be invented in the future must be sought in the distant past. And most likely, one of the descendants will still be able to create a real time machine or learn how to pass through black holes. As evidence of such a development of events, scientists cite a large number of artifacts that were discovered randomly in different parts of the planet.

So, for example, in the Alps in 1991, a mummy was discovered under a layer of snow. Archaeologists claim that it lay under the snow for 5300 years. With the help of modern technology, it was possible to restore the appearance of a person. He received the name Etzi. But the strangest thing was that in the hands of this man was a stone scraper, which was used several million years before his death (in the Paleolithic era), as well as a flint knife, which was used by people 10 thousand years ago, and a copper axe. It is known that in Europe copper began to be used only a couple of centuries after the death of Ötzi.

And another archaeological find has not received an explanation. In 2008 in China, while excavating a tomb dating back to the fifteenth century, archaeologists discovered a Swiss watch with a serial number. The clock was made in the nineteenth century…

Previously, people could only dream of time travel. Now, modern science has reached the point of time travel. Scientists have put forward a seemingly incredible hypothesis about closed time curves. This hypothesis suggests that time flows follow a complex trajectory and return back, but certain conditions are necessary for this to happen. At present, this is only a theory, and it is unlikely to come to practice in the near future, but the very fact that such a hypothesis exists is the first step towards creating a time travel machine.

While scientists are struggling to confirm this hypothesis, individuals have already found practical applications for it. According to some scientists, using the theory of closed curves, you can improve the computer in such a way as to speed up the computational process and at the same time reduce the error. Then the computer will approach the speed of data processing to the human brain. At present, a quantum computer is just a theory, but it is he who can become the prototype of a time machine. It is quite possible that theoretical research will soon move into a practical phase, and the first people will appear who want to travel in a time machine.

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From the era of Queen Victoria to the present day, the concept of time travel has fascinated the minds of fantasy lovers. What is it like to travel through the fourth dimension? The most interesting thing is that time travel does not require a time machine or something like a "wormhole".

You must have noticed that we are constantly moving in time. We move through it. At a basic level, time is the rate at which the universe is changing, and whether we like it or not, we are subject to constant change. We get older, the planets move around the sun, things are destroyed.

We measure the passage of time in seconds, minutes, hours and years, but this does not mean at all that time flows at a constant speed. Like water in a river, time passes differently in different places. In short, time is relative.

But what causes temporary fluctuations on the way from the cradle to the grave? It all comes down to the relationship between time and space. A person is able to perceive in three dimensions - length, width and depth. Time also complements this party as the most important fourth dimension. Time does not exist without space, space does not exist without time. And this couple is connected in a space-time continuum. Any event that occurs in the universe must involve space and time.

In this article, we will look at the most real and everyday possibilities. travel through time in our universe, as well as less accessible, but no less possible paths through the fourth dimension.

The train is a real time machine.

If you want to live a couple of years a little faster than anyone else, you need to master space-time. Global positioning satellites do this every day, three billionths of a second ahead of the natural course of time. In orbit, time passes faster because the satellites are far from the mass of the Earth. And on the surface, the mass of the planet drags time with it and slows it down on a relatively small scale.

This effect is called gravitational time dilation. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, gravity bends spacetime, and astronomers use this consequence when they study light passing near massive objects (we wrote about gravitational lensing here and here).

But what does this have to do with time? Remember - any event that occurs in the universe involves both space and time. Gravity not only pulls together space, but also time.

Being in the flow of time, you will hardly notice a change in its course. But rather massive objects - like supermassive black hole alpha Sagittarius, located in the center of our galaxy - will seriously distort the fabric of time. The mass of its singularity point is 4 million suns. This mass slows down time by half. Five years orbiting a black hole (without falling into it) is ten years on Earth.

The speed of movement also plays an important role in the speed of our time. The closer you get to the maximum speed of movement - the speed of light - the slower time passes. The clocks on a fast moving train will be one billionth of a second late at the end of the journey. If the train reaches a speed of 99.999% of the speed of light, in one year in a train car, you can be transported two hundred and twenty-three years into the future.

In fact, hypothetical journeys into the future in the future are built on this idea, sorry for the tautology. But what about the past? Is it possible to turn back time?

Time travel to the past

The stars are relics of the past.

We found that travel to the future happens all the time. Scientists have proven this experimentally, and this idea is at the heart of Einstein's theory of relativity. It is quite possible to move into the future, the only question is “how fast”? As for traveling into the past, the answer to this question is to look into the night sky.

The Milky Way galaxy is about 100,000 years wide, which means light from distant stars has to travel thousands and thousands of years before it reaches Earth. Catch this light, and in fact, you just look into the past. When astronomers measure cosmic microwave radiation, they look into space as it was 10 billion years ago. But is this all?

There is nothing in Einstein's theory of relativity that would rule out the possibility of traveling to the past, but the very possibility of a button that could take you back to yesterday violates the law of causality or cause and effect. When something happens in the universe, the event creates a new endless chain of events. The cause is always born before the effect. Just imagine a world where the victim would die before a bullet hits her in the head. This is a violation of reality, but despite this, many scientists do not exclude the possibility of traveling into the past.

For example, it is believed that going faster than the speed of light can send people back into the past. If time slows down as an object approaches the speed of light, could breaking that barrier turn back time? Of course, when approaching the speed of light, the relativistic mass of the object also grows, that is, it approaches infinity. It seems impossible to accelerate an infinite mass. Theoretically, warp speed, that is, the deformation of speed as such, can deceive the universal law, but even this will require a huge expenditure of energy.

What if time travel to the future and past depends less on our basic knowledge of the cosmos than on existing cosmic phenomena? Let's take a look at a black hole.

Black holes and Kerr rings

What is on the other side of a black hole?

Loop around a black hole long enough and gravitational time dilation will send you into the future. But what if you landed right in the mouth of this space monster? About what will happen when diving into a black hole, we have already wrote, but did not mention such an exotic variety of black holes as Kerr ring. Or the Kerr black hole.

In 1963, New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr proposed the first realistic theory of a rotating black hole. The concept includes neutron stars - massive collapsing stars the size of St. Petersburg, for example, but with the mass of the Earth's Sun. We have included neutron holes in the list of the most mysterious objects in the Universe, calling them magnetars. Kerr theorized that if a dying star collapsed into a spinning ring of neutron stars, their centrifugal force would prevent them from becoming a singularity. And since a black hole would not have a singularity point, Kerr figured it would be perfectly possible to get in without fear of being torn apart by gravity at the center.

If Kerr black holes exist, we could pass through them and exit into a white hole. It's like the exhaust pipe of a black hole. Instead of sucking in everything that is possible, the white hole will, on the contrary, throw out everything that is possible. Perhaps even in another time or another universe.

Kerr black holes remain a theory, but if they do exist, they are portals of sorts, offering a one-way trip to the future or past. And although an extremely advanced civilization could develop in this way and travel through time, no one knows when the “wild” Kerr black hole will disappear.

Wormholes (wormholes)

Curvature of space-time.

Theoretical Kerr rings are not the only possible shortcuts to the past or future. Sci-fi films, from Star Trek to Donnie Darko, often deal with the theoretical Einstein-Rosen bridge. These bridges are better known to you as wormholes.

Einstein's general theory of relativity allows for the existence of wormholes, since the theory of the great physicist is based on the curvature of space-time under the influence of mass. To understand this curvature, imagine the fabric of space-time as a white sheet and fold it in half. The area of ​​the sheet will remain the same, it will not deform, but the distance between the two points of contact will obviously be less than when the sheet was lying on a flat surface.

In this simplified example, space is depicted as a two-dimensional plane, and not four-dimensional, which it actually is (recall the fourth dimension - time). Hypothetical wormholes work similarly.

Let's move to space. The concentration of mass in two different parts of the universe could create a kind of tunnel in space-time. In theory, this tunnel would connect two different segments of the space-time continuum with each other. Of course, it is quite possible that some physical or quantum properties prevent such wormholes from arising on their own. Well, or they are born and immediately die, being unstable.

According to Stephen Hawking, whose ten most interesting facts from his life we ​​recently presented to you, wormholes can exist in quantum foam - the smallest medium in the universe. Tiny tunnels are constantly being born and broken, linking separate places and times for short moments.

Wormholes may be too small and short-lived to move a person, but what if one day we will be able to find them, hold them, stabilize and increase them? Provided, as Hawking points out, that you are prepared for feedback. If we wanted to artificially stabilize the space-time tunnel, the radiation from our actions could destroy it, just as the backlash of a sound could damage a speaker.

We're trying to squeeze through black holes and wormholes, but is there another way to travel through time using a theoretical cosmic phenomenon? With these thoughts, we turn to physicist J. Richard Gott, who outlined the idea of ​​a cosmic string in 1991. As the name suggests, these are hypothetical objects that may have formed early in the development of the universe.

These strings permeate the entire universe, being thinner than an atom and being under strong pressure. Naturally, it follows from this that they give gravitational pull to everything that passes near them, which means that objects attached to the cosmic string can travel through time at incredible speed. Pulling two cosmic strings closer together, or placing one of them near a black hole, creates what's called a closed time-like curve.

Using the gravity produced by two cosmic strings (or a string and a black hole), a spacecraft could theoretically send itself into the past. To do this, one would need to make a loop around the cosmic strings.

By the way, quantum strings are very hotly debated right now. Gott stated that to travel back in time, one must make a loop around a string containing half the mass-energy of an entire galaxy. In other words, half of the atoms in the galaxy would have to be used as fuel for your time machine. Well, as everyone is well aware, it is impossible to go back in time before the machine itself was created.

In addition, there are time paradoxes.

The paradoxes of time travel

He killed his grandfather - he killed himself.

As we have already said, the idea of ​​traveling into the past is slightly clouded by the second part of the law of causality. Cause precedes effect, at least in our universe, which means it can spoil even the most well-thought-out plans for time travel.

To begin with, imagine that if you travel 200 years into the past, you will appear long before you were born. Think about it for a second. For some time the effect (you) will exist before the cause (your birth).

To better understand what we are dealing with, consider the well-known grandfather paradox. You are an assassin who travels through time, your target is your own grandfather. You sneak through a nearby wormhole and approach a living 18-year-old version of your father's father. You raise your gun, but what happens when you pull the trigger?

Think. You are not yet born. Even your father hasn't been born yet. If you kill your grandfather, he will not have a son. This son will never give birth to you, and you will not be able to travel back in time on a bloody task. And your absence will not pull the trigger, thereby denying the entire chain of events. We call this a loop of incompatible causes.

On the other hand, one can consider the idea of ​​a serial causal loop. Although it makes you think, it theoretically eliminates time paradoxes. According to physicist Paul Davis, such a loop looks like this: a mathematics professor goes into the future and steals the most complex mathematical theorem. After that, he gives it to the most brilliant student. After that, the promising student grows and learns in order to one day become a man whose professor once stole a theorem.

In addition, there is another model of time travel that involves skewed probability when approaching the possibility of a paradoxical event. What does this mean? Let's get back into the shoes of your girl's killer. This time travel model could virtually kill your grandfather. You can pull the trigger, but the gun won't fire. The bird will chirp at the right moment, or something else will happen: the quantum fluctuation will not allow the paradoxical situation to take place.

And finally, the most interesting. The future or past that you are going to may simply exist in a parallel universe. Think of it as a paradox of separation. You can destroy anything you want, but it will not affect your home world in any way. You will kill your grandfather, but you will not disappear - perhaps another “you” in a parallel world will disappear, or the scenario will follow the paradox schemes we have already considered. However, it is quite possible that time travel will be disposable and you will never be able to return home.

Completely confused? Welcome to the world of time travel.

Scientist Stephen Hawking wants a law to stop people from traveling through time, and he knows how to do it.

A special machine that allows you to travel to the past or the future is insanely popular with filmmakers and writers. Scientists make only cautious predictions, promising to construct it by at least 2120, but there is a lot of shocking evidence that they are cunning and hide the real truth from humanity...

1. Its existence is proven by the most exact science in the world - mathematics

Together, a group of scientists from the USA and Canada created a fully functional model of a time machine based on mathematical laws. In shape, it should look like a box or a soap bubble, in the center of which a “passenger” is placed. When the structure accelerates along a circular path, it passes through space and time. Its work is possible thanks to the theory of relativity of Einstein, who proved that in our Universe there are timelike curves along which you can move - travel.

2 Time Travelers Are Dying From Hallucinations

The lighthouse of the military base of Montauk in the state of New York today can be visited by any tourist, because it is one of the historical sites. And it is wildly popular because it is a real proof of the possibility to go to another era. The BBC TV channel once even devoted a scientific program to the lighthouse, in which the experiments of the secret "Montauk project" were once carried out.

From 1943 to 1983, within its framework, subjects were irradiated with high-frequency radio pulses, which, according to the idea of ​​a group of American scientists, were supposed to help them travel back in time. Most of the experimental people went crazy and died from hallucinations, while the rest went missing. The American government decided to avoid scandals and hastily close the project.

3. Even the Chinese emperor has been in the future!

In December 2008, Chinese archaeologists unsealed the tomb of Emperor Xi Qingn, which had remained untouched for 400 years. Previously, science was too imperfect, which made it impossible to open the grave. In it, historians have found an amazing object, as if transferred from another era. The world was circulated with photographs of watches in the form of a ring with the inscription "made in Switzerland". From the serial code, it was possible to understand that the watch was actually made in Switzerland about 100 years ago. But how did they get into the tomb, which was securely sealed? The most daring assumptions assure that the emperor traveled in time or was visited by a mysterious guest from the future.

4. American ships were able to move not only in time, but also in space

Trying to change the outcome of World War II, the US military decided on the "Philadelphia experiment". It was supposed to become secret, as it was aimed at defeating the German troops. Scientists conducted technical experiments so that Navy ships could become invisible to enemy radars. Obviously, some errors were made in the calculations: having disappeared in Philadelphia, they appeared in Virginia, moving hundreds of miles away from their original point. The crew of sailors were so disoriented in space after such a "journey" that they were declared insane, and the project was closed without much fuss.

5. British officer predicted airfield repairs

In 1935, Sir Victor Goddard, an officer in the British Royal Air Force, flew over the airfield in Edinburgh. He was sure that it had long been abandoned and that there was not a single living soul at its location. When approaching the airfield, he saw a cleared runway, working mechanics and new aircraft. Instead of the usual black color, they had yellow. Of course, no one believed Victor, but four years later the new leadership of the Air Force forced the entire aircraft to be repainted yellow and the old airfield to be reopened.

6The hipster who went to 1941

In 1941, a photograph was taken, the authenticity of which was called into question many times - and just as many times scientists proved that the picture was not subjected to processing. The hipster who miraculously appeared at the opening of the Golden Bridge in Canada was lost in the crowd, but was spotted by a photographer. He differs from the other people in the picture with his clothes and accessories: a printed T-shirt, sunglasses and a portable camera that could not have been in the 40s of the XX century.

7. The mysterious case of Krapivin

In the city archives of Tobolsk, anyone can get acquainted with the mysterious criminal case of a certain Krapivin, who was detained on August 28, 1897 on one of the streets of the city, because he was strangely dressed. At the police station, during interrogation, he told them that he was born on April 14, 1965 in Angarsk and works as a computer operator. Since both the profession and the appearance of the man caused only bewilderment, he was arrested as a spy. Even the testimony that he lost consciousness at work did not help, but woke up in another era and in another place. Krapivin ended his days in a city lunatic asylum.

8. Bad experience with time travel

Americans can indeed be considered leaders in the number of experiments with the space-time continuum. The Weekly World News newspaper contains an article about the mistake of a group of young and ambitious scientists who decided to experiment with moving into the past. They came up with a capsule for such a trip and put a rat in it. When the rat came back a few seconds later, it looked still active and healthy.

Then one of the future luminaries of science decided to take her place. When he couldn't get back to the lab, his colleagues rushed to the New York archives and discovered that in 1918 the Police Courier newspaper wrote about the strange corpse of a man in a capsule, in whose pocket they found a mobile phone. Naturally, in the report it was recorded as a “strange object” and the way it was used remained incomprehensible to the servants of the law at the beginning of the 20th century.

9. Soldiers who made the wrong war

In 1944, in the area of ​​the Gulf of Finland, a group of Soviet tankers accidentally discovered in the forest a company of several cavalrymen in a strange uniform, as if from a distant past. At first, the military thought they were partisans, but they were surprised how the grown men were terrified of the tanks. They were considered spies, especially since they spoke French during interrogation. It turned out that they all served in Napoleon's army, and during the retreat from Moscow they fell into heavy fog and lost their friends. When they went out to the people, they ended up in the USSR during the Second World War.

10. The world's greatest scientist is pushing for a ban on time travel.

A living legend of modern science, Stephen Hawking has led a coalition of science luminaries for 50 years pushing for a legal ban on time travel. Stephen does not lose hope to achieve what he wants, because he does not want to reveal to lawyers and statesmen the secrets that make such a transfer possible. The physicist does not like to joke about this topic and certainly cannot be considered insane.

For thousands of years, humanity has been at war with time. To prevent the aging process, to know the future - all this pushes humanity to think about how to make a time machine. The brightest minds of mankind have worked on this issue both in the past and in the present. Writers famous for fantasy stories, filmmakers who make films about time capsule travels, make people believe in the idea of ​​creating a machine that can transport people through time.

The history of attempts to create a time machine

Physicists, in particular Albert Einstein and Kurt Gödel, have been working to create a machine that can transport a person through time space into the past or future. The theory that Einstein put forward is based on the control of the universe. Or rather, to derive the equation of its gravitational field. The scientist believed that the Universe is a rotating body. And light is an element that enters the trajectory of its rotation. Thanks to this, you can fly through the space-time rings that are created during the rotation of the Universe and light particles, thereby seeing your past.

The theory of relativity has always been controversial among mathematicians and physicists. After all, if scientists believe in its veracity, accept it, they will automatically agree that time travel is by no means a fairy tale, but a very real possibility.

There is another opinion that exists among scientists who want to conquer time. It consists in the fact that time can be affected, like everything else. The fact is that time is the same component of our world as space. It can be changed or distorted by the pressure of gravity. At the same time, time turns from a straight line into a loop through which you can travel. You just need to pick up a certain speed.

But then it is a theory that is not confirmed by practice. And the question of how to invent a time machine remains just a question, although there are many not entirely substantiated claims that such a machine has existed for a long time.

Modern attempts at creation

Temporary tunnel projects have been carried out in the United States of America. All of them were developed in order to confirm the possibility of time travel. Although some sources confirm that in the course of such experiments it was possible to get into the future. The paradox is that all the subjects who confirmed such "breakthroughs" were recognized as simply crazy. This begs the question of why experiments were carried out that were previously recognized as invalid? For example, a secret project called "Phoenix", during which it was found that time loops exist. The participants wanted to find out how the theory of temporal movement is possible in practice. Unfortunately, those who answered yes were assigned to places for the insane.

No one knows if a time machine will be invented. Or maybe it already exists. Some mysteries always remain unsolved. It is possible that even a positive answer to this question will not be able to satisfy scientists, it will only let them understand that they have put their whole life on the altar of science, solving a riddle that has already been solved in the distant past or future.

Sources: onlinemultfilmy.ru, hobiz.ru, kinogo.co, www.tripadvisor.ru, elhow.ru

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