A month before the exam in social studies. Treaty Examples of ethnos dynamism

Each ethnic group has its own unique stereotype of behavior. Sometimes the behavioral stereotype of an ethnic group changes from generation to generation. This indicates that this ethnos is developing, and ethnogenesis is not dying out. Sometimes the structure of an ethnic group is stable, because the new generation reproduces the life cycle of the previous one.

The structure of an ethnic stereotype of behavior is a strictly defined norm of relations: between a collective and an individual, between individuals, among themselves, between intra-ethnic groups ... These norms tacitly exist in all areas of life and everyday life, being perceived in a given ethnic group and in each individual era as the only possible a way of coexistence... Coming into contact with another norm of behavior in another ethnic group, each member of this ethnic group is surprised, lost and tries to tell his fellow tribesmen about the eccentricities of another people...

Different peoples arose in different eras and had different historical destinies. Of course, ethnic groups are influenced by the geographical environment through the daily communication of a person with the nature that feeds him, but that's not all. Traditions inherited from ancestors play their role, habitual enmity or friendship with neighbors play their own role, cultural influences, religion have their own meaning, but, besides all this, there is a law of development that applies to ethnic groups as to any natural phenomena. We call its manifestations in the diverse processes of the emergence and disappearance of peoples ethnogenesis ...

The stereotype of the behavior of an ethnos is as dynamic as the ethnos itself. Rituals, customs and norms of relationships change either slowly and gradually, or very quickly.

According to the book L.N. Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis and biosphere of the earth". M., 1994. S. 92-93

Show answer

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) the student's opinion is expressed: agreement with a particular point of view;

2) two arguments (explanations) are given, for example:

in case of agreement that the development of ethnic groups is a natural

phenomenon, it can be said that

The processes of formation and development of nations cannot be directed by the activities of people, do not depend on their will;

Like a living organism, ethnoi in their development go through the stages of origin, "childhood", maturity and extinction;

in case of agreement that the development of ethnic groups is a social

process, it can be stated that

Social phenomena have a decisive influence on the development of ethnic groups: norms of relations, interaction with neighbors, etc.; even natural factors affect an ethnic group most often indirectly;

Through production, which in itself is a social phenomenon.

Other arguments (explanations) may be given.

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Read the text and complete tasks 26-31.

The stereotype of the behavior of an ethnos is as dynamic as the ethnos itself. Rituals, customs and norms of relationships change either slowly and gradually, or very quickly.

According to the book L.N. Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis and biosphere of the earth". M., 1994. S. 92-93

26. Plan the text. Select for this. the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

27. What three types of norms does an ethnic stereotype of behavior include?

30. L. Gumilyov cites the following facts. The knights who captured Palestine resented the Arab custom of polygamy, and the Arabs considered the uncovered faces of French ladies to be shameless. What feature of the ethnic stereotype is manifested in these facts? Give the position of the text that helped you answer this question.

31. The author believes that ethnic groups develop according to the laws of nature. At the same time, many researchers attribute ethnogenesis to social phenomena. Which of these points of view do you think is more correct? Based on the text and social science and historical knowledge, give two arguments (reasons) in defense of your opinion.

AT 4. Below are some terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of "consumption".

Find and write down the number of the term that falls out of this row.

Answer: ___________________

Part 3

The stereotype of the behavior of an ethnos is as dynamic as the ethnos itself. Rituals, customs and norms of relationships change either slowly and gradually, or very quickly.

B. Activity implies the conscious activity of a person.

A4. What is the natural sciences?

1. History

2) mathematics

3) art history

A5. The elder of the tribe gathered grown men around the fire. He began to tell the story of their divine ancestor. At the same time, members of the tribe performed a ritual dance around the fire. Which side of society does this example illustrate?

A6. Are the following statements about education correct?

A. The modern education system includes educational institutions of various types.

B. The modern system of education in a democratic society is guided by the needs of society and the individual.

A7. Direct taxes are

A8. The state in a market economy

A9. In 1995, the Rosselmash plant received a subsidy of 3 trillion rubles from the state. What part of the budget included these funds?

A10

A. In a market economy, only private property can exist.

B. State property is. basis of a command economy.

A11. Tribal community, as opposed to nationality

A12. Studies conducted in France in the 70s of the 20th century showed that the chances of a worker's son to become a leader are ten times less than those of a person from the upper strata of society. This fact reflects the inequality

A13. Are the following judgments about social statuses and roles correct?

A. The size and form of a person's income characterizes his status.

B. A person performs various roles in society.

A14. A deputy of the State Duma can, in addition to his main activity

A15. In 1948, the right of property owners to vote in several locations of their property was abolished in Great Britain. It was a movement towards suffrage

A16. Are the following statements about political parties correct?

A. A two-party system has developed in Russia.

B. Parties in our country actively participate in the election campaign.

A17. What is a human right related to economic rights?

A18. What are the powers of the State Duma?

A19. In the evening on the street, a citizen was stopped by unknown people and robbed. Where should he go for help?

A20. Are the following legal statements correct?

A. Legal norms are binding on the citizens of the country.

B. Legal norms in modern society exist only in written form.

Part 2

IN 1. The above list shows the similarities between class and nation and the differences between class and nation. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers of the similarities, and in the second column - the serial numbers of the differences.

1) occupies a certain place in the production system

2) develops under the influence of objective factors

3) belongs to large social groups

4) belonging characterizes the innate status of the individual

IN 2. Find the types of art in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the answer line.

Answer: _________________

IN 3. Establish a correspondence between punishments and types of offenses: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

PUNISHMENT	TYPE OF OFFENSE
A) a conviction	1) crime
B) reprimand	2) misdemeanor
B) imprisonment
D) warning

Write down the selected numbers in the table.

AT 4. Below are some of the features. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of "personality".

Find and write down the number of the characteristic that falls out of this row.

Answer: ______________

Part 3

Read the text and complete tasks C1 - C6.

About intelligence

The person must be intelligent. And if his profession does not require intelligence? And if he could not get an education: so there were circumstances? What if the environment doesn't allow it? And if intelligence makes him a "black sheep" among his colleagues, friends, relatives, will it simply interfere with his rapprochement with other people?

No, no and NO! Intelligence is needed under all circumstances. It is necessary both for others and for the person himself ...

Many people think: an intelligent person is one who read a lot, received a good education (and even predominantly humanitarian), traveled a lot, knows several languages.

And meanwhile, you can have all this and be unintelligent, and you can not possess any of this to a large extent, but still be an internally intelligent person.

Deprive a truly intelligent person completely of his memory. Let him forget everything in the world, he will not know the classics of literature, he will not remember the greatest works of art, he will forget the most important historical events * , but if at the same time he retains a susceptibility to cultural values, an aesthetic sense, he will be able to distinguish a real work of art from a rough "thingy ”, made only to surprise if he can admire the beauty of nature, understand the character and individuality of another person, enter into his position, and having understood another person, help him, will not show rudeness, indifference, malevolence, envy, but will appreciate the other at its true worth , - this will be an intelligent person ... Intelligence is not only in knowledge, but in the ability to understand another.

C1. Highlight the main semantic parts of the text. Give a title to each of them (make a text plan).

C2. What qualities do many people think they associate intelligence with? Name four qualities.

C3. What qualities inherent in a truly intelligent person are given in the text? Name any four qualities.

C5. Two people argued until they were hoarse, each defending his point of view. Imperceptibly, they moved on to discussing each other's personal qualities, it came to mutual insults. For several months, these people did not greet or talk to each other. Can this behavior be called intelligent? Provide a piece of text to help answer the question.

C6. How, in your opinion, should a person behave, whom “intelligence will make ... a “black sheep” among his colleagues, friends, relatives, will simply interfere with his rapprochement with other people”? Using the content of the text, social science knowledge and personal experience, make two judgments.

OPTION 8

Part 1

A1. What distinguishes a person from an animal?

A3. Are the following judgments about the global problems of modern society correct?

A. Global problems threaten the existence of humanity as a biological species.

B. Global problems cannot be solved in individual countries, regions of the world.

A4. What is the exact sciences?

A5. He went out to the instrument, and enchanting music poured into the hall. Listeners experienced a flurry of various emotions. This is an example of activity in the field

A6. Are the following judgments about spiritual culture correct?

A. Works of spiritual culture are the result of creativity of individuals, society as a whole.

B. Works of spiritual culture are preserved and passed on to the next generations.

A7. In market conditions, commodity prices

A8. Which of the following is a factor (source) of production?

A9. In Germany in the 1920s, cafe patrons were often forced to pay twice as much for lunch as the price indicated on the menu. This fact is a direct manifestation

A10. Are the following statements about forms of ownership correct?

A. One of the ways to increase the share of state property is nationalization.

B. Competitive struggle of producers is possible only under conditions of private property.

A11. Siberians, Urals are

A12. On average, in the world in the age group over 65, there are 67 men per 100 women. This indicator reflects

Read the text and complete tasks C1 - C6.

The structure of an ethnic stereotype of behavior is a strictly defined norm of relations: between a collective and an individual, between individuals, between intra-ethnic groups. These norms tacitly exist in all areas of life and everyday life, being perceived in a given ethnic group and in each individual era as the only possible way of coexistence. Coming into contact with another norm of behavior in another ethnic group, each member of this ethnic group is surprised, lost and tries to tell his fellow tribesmen about the eccentricities of another people.

Different peoples arose in different eras and had different historical destinies. Of course, ethnic groups are influenced by the geographical environment through the daily communication of a person with the nature that feeds him, but that's not all. Traditions inherited from ancestors play their role, habitual enmity or friendship with neighbors play their role, cultural influences, religion have their own meaning, but, besides all this, there is a law of development that applies to ethnic groups as to any natural phenomena. We call its manifestations in the diverse processes of the emergence and disappearance of peoples ethnogenesis.

The stereotype of the behavior of an ethnos is as dynamic as the ethnos itself. Rituals, customs and norms of relationships change either slowly and gradually, or very quickly.

According to the book L.N. Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis and biosphere of the earth". M., 1994. S. 92-93

C1 Highlight the main semantic parts of the text. Give a title to each of them (make a text plan).

C2. What three types of norms does an ethnic stereotype of behavior include?

C6. The author believes that ethnic groups develop according to the laws of nature. At the same time, many researchers attribute ethnogenesis to social phenomena. Which of these points of view do you think is more correct? Based on the text and social science and historical knowledge, give two arguments (reasons) in defense of your opinion.

Keys Option 6.

job number	Answer	job number	Answer
A1		A11
A2		A12
AZ		A13
A4		A14
A5		A15
A6		A16
A7		A17
A8		A18
A9		A19
A10		A20

job number	Answer
IN 1
IN 2
IN 3
AT 4

C1. Highlight the main semantic parts of the text. Give a title to each of them (make a text plan). Answer:

	score
The following semantic parts can be singled out: 1) development and stability of the ethnos; 2) norms of relations within an ethnic group; 3) what influences the development of an ethnos. Other formulations are possible that do not distort the essence of the fragment, and the allocation of additional semantic blocks
The main semantic parts of the text are highlighted, their names (points of the plan) correspond to the content. The number of selected parts can be different.
Not all the main parts of the text are highlighted, their names (plan items) correspond to the main ideas of the selected fragments, OR not all the selected parts of the text correspond to meaningful and logically completed components of the text, OR not all the names of the selected parts correspond to their content

Maximum score

C2. What three types of norms does an ethnic stereotype of behavior include? Answer:

The content of the correct answer and instructions for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)	score
The correct answer should contain the following elements: 1) the answer to the question, for example: the dynamism of the stereotype of behavior is manifested in the fact that rituals, customs and norms of people's relationships are constantly changing; 2) examples, for example: - a change in the norms of family and marriage relations among European peoples: from a decisive role in choosing a spouse of relatives to an independent and free choice of a marriage partner, - a change in the attitude of the Russian nobility towards foreign Europeans: from a feeling of their complete alienation in the period Muscovite Russia to the passion for everything foreign in subsequent centuries. Other examples may be given.
The question is answered, two examples are correctly given
Question answered and one example given OR Two examples given and question not answered
Question answered OR one example given
Answer is incorrect or missing
Maximum score

C5. L. Gumilyov cites such facts. The knights who captured Palestine resented the Arab custom of polygamy, and the Arabs considered the uncovered faces of French ladies to be shameless. What feature of the ethnic stereotype is manifested in these facts? Give the position of the text that helped you answer this question.

Based on the text and social science and historical knowledge, give two arguments (reasons) in defense of your opinion.

The content of the correct answer and instructions for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)	score
The correct answer must contain the following elements: 1) the student's opinion is expressed: agreement with a particular point of view; 2) two arguments (explanations) are given, for example: when consent with the fact that the development of ethnic groups is a natural phenomenon, it can be indicated that: The processes of formation and development of nations cannot be directed by the activities of people, do not depend on their will; Like a living organism, ethnoi in their development go through the stages of origin, "childhood", maturity and extinction; when consent with the fact that the development of ethnic groups is a social process, it can be stated that: Social phenomena have a decisive influence on the development of ethnic groups: norms of attitude, interaction with neighbors, etc.; Even natural factors influence the ethnic group most often indirectly - through production, which in itself acts as a social phenomenon. Other arguments (explanations) may be given.
The student's opinion is expressed, two arguments are given
The student's opinion is expressed, one argument is given, OR the student's opinion is not expressed, but is clear from the context, two arguments are given.
The student's opinion is expressed, no arguments are given, OR the student's opinion is not expressed, but it is clear from the context, one argument is given, OR the answer is incorrect or missing.
Maximum score

Test

Exercise 1

Question:

Compulsory payments levied by the state from individuals and legal entities are

1) insurance payments

2) taxes

3) tariffs

4) dividends

Task #2

Question:

Read the text below, each position marked with a letter.

(A) Modern science claims that life appeared on planet Earth about 4.7 billion years ago. (B) The first people on the planet appeared about 3 billion years ago. (B) Accept that a person could not become the creator of the world around him.

Determine which test positions

1) reflect the facts

2) express opinions

Please indicate the correspondence for all 3 answer options:

1) reflect the facts

2) express opinions

Task #3

Question:

The Constitution of the country as the Basic Law of the State is distinguished by the fact that

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) its provisions must not contradict all other normative acts

2) it is adopted by the country's parliament

3) she is accepted by the president

4) its provisions cannot be revised

Task #4

Question:

Are the following statements about family true?

A. A family is a small group.

B. The family arose before the state.

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) both statements are correct

2) both judgments are wrong

3) only A is true

4) only B is true

Task #5

Question:

The objects of material culture include (are)

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) the ritual of changing the military guard

2) steam engine

3) the myth of the exploits of Hercules

4) rules of conduct in cinema

Task #6

Question:

Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn based on the data in the table.

1) Most citizens do not think about the state of the environment in their cities and find it difficult to answer the question

2) Most of the citizens surveyed consider the environmental situation in their city to be very good

3) More than half of the citizens surveyed rated the environmental situation in their city as very good

4) The opinion that the environmental situation in their area is very bad is shared by more than a quarter of the respondents

5) about 1/3 of the citizens surveyed positively assess the environmental situation in their city as very good

Task #7

Question:

These human needs are expressed in the desire to preserve and protect one's life, one's relatives and one's home from intrusion, disasters, and discomfort. This is

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) spiritual needs

2) security needs

3) social needs

4) physiological needs

Task #8

Question:

The division of society into groups is called

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) social position

2) social status

3) socialization

4) social stratification

Task #9

Question:

Are the following statements about the role of the state in a market economy correct?

A. In the modern world, the state does not interfere in the economy at all.

B. The state regulates the market with the help of legal norms.

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) both statements are correct

2) only A is true

3) only B is true

4) both judgments are wrong

Task #10

Question:

Are the following statements about culture correct?

A. We call a well-read and well-mannered person cultured.

B. Primitive peoples did not have cultured people.

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) both statements are correct

2) both judgments are wrong

3) only B is true

4) only A is true

Task #11

Question:

In winter, citizen K. saw in the store a bicycle of the right model for 5 thousand rubles. When she came to the same store in the spring to buy this bike, its price rose to 7.5 thousand rubles. What market situation does this example illustrate?

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) rising prices due to reduced supply

2) balance between supply and demand

3) lagging demand behind supply

4) rising prices due to a seasonal increase in demand for goods

Task #12

Question:

In the narrow sense of the word, society should be understood as

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) the social organization of the country

2) a territory with certain boundaries

3) association of lovers of old books

4) the political organization of the state

Task #13

Question:

Are the following statements about the state correct?

A. In a broad sense, the state is equivalent to the country and the politically organized people in this territory

B. In the narrow sense, the state means only the organization of the supreme power standing above society.

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) only B is true

2) both statements are correct

3) both judgments are wrong

4) only A is true

Task #14

Question:

The system of methods for exercising state power, the attitude of power to the realization of the rights and freedoms of the individual

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) state structure

2) political regime

3) political system

4) form of government

Task #15

Question:

On planet Earth, the fertile soil layer is depleted, fresh water supplies are depleted, and some species of animals and plants are completely destroyed. What problems does this situation indicate?

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) about global environmental problems

2) about the international political crisis

3) about spiritual crisis

4) about the financial crisis

Task #16

Question:

What are the main factors of production?

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) demand

2) price

3) offer

4) earth

Task #17

Question:

The above list shows the similarities between the concepts of "state" and "rule of law" and the features of differences. Select the serial numbers of similarities and differences.

1) similarities

2) features of difference

The system of separation of powers

Law supremacy

Existence of governing bodies and structure

state sovereignty

Task #18

Question:

Second grader Sasha attends a music school and a technical modeling club. At what level of education is Sasha?

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) basic general education

2) initial vocational education

3) primary general education

4) complete general education

Task #19

Question:

Are the following statements about the law correct?

A. A rule of law is a rule of people's behavior that must be followed.

B. A rule of law is a desirable but not mandatory pattern of human behavior.

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) both statements are wrong

2) only A is true

3) only B is true

4) both judgments are true

Task #20

Question:

Are the following statements about a person correct?

A. Man is part of nature.

B. Man develops under the influence of both nature and society.

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) both statements are correct

2) only A is true

3) both judgments are wrong

4) only B is true

Task #21

Question:

The branch of law that regulates the property and personal relations of citizens and firms is called

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) labor law

2) civil law

3) family law

4) administrative law

Task #22

Question:

In state H, the president forms the government. At the same time, there is a parliament that must approve the composition of the government proposed by the president. What form of government is represented in the state H?

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) presidential republic

2) constitutional monarchy

3) absolute monarchy

4) parliamentary republic

Task #23

Question:

Citizen Zh. purchased a black case. The next day, he returned to the same store and asked to change his case to brown. Despite the receipt, the seller refused to change the cases. What consumer right has been violated?

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) on reliable information about the product

2) to replace or return defective goods

3) to replace or refuse the goods without giving reasons within 14 days

4) to cancel the purchase within 14 days

Task #24

Question:

In country X, a sociological survey of citizens was conducted. They were asked the question: "How do you assess the environmental situation in the city where you live?".

The survey results are presented in the table.

Which of the following conclusions follow directly from the information received during the survey?

Choose from 5 answer options:

1) The majority of the population is dissatisfied with the lack of the opportunity to live in a favorable ecological environment.

2) Ecology is the most acute problem of the economy of the country X

3) Among the population of country X there is no unanimity of opinion on environmental issues.

4) The government of country X can be advised to increase funding for environmental education programs for citizens.

5) With the development of production, environmental control should be strengthened.

Task #25

Question:

Establish a correspondence between the area of culture and its characteristics: for each element of the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column

Please indicate the correspondence for all 4 answer options:

1) religion

2) art

Faith in the underworld

Pluralism of opinions

Reflection of the personal position of the author in the work

Observance of a certain ritual

Answers:

1) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;

2) (1 b.) Correct answers:

3) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1;

4) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1;

5) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;

6) (1 b.) Correct answers: 4; 5;

7) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;

8) (1 b.) Correct answers: 4;

9) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;

10) (1 b.) Correct answers: 4;

11) (1 b.) Correct answers: 4;

12) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;

13) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;

14) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1;

15) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1;

16) (1 b.) Correct answers: 4;

17) (1 b.) Correct answers:

18) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;

19) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;

20) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1;

21) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;

22) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1;

23) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;

24) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3; 4; 5;

25) (1 b.) Correct answers:

End