The motive is that for which it is carried out. Activity as the highest form of human activity

Demonstration version of the Unified State Examination 2017, 2018 - task No. 20.

“The motive of _________ (A) is what motivates it, for the sake of which it is carried out. A specific _________ (B) usually acts as an incentive, which is satisfied in the course and with the help of activities. This is a certain form of communication between living organisms and the outside world, necessary for the existence of _________ (C), a social group, society as a whole.
_________ (D) needs are caused by the biological nature of man. These are the needs of people in everything that is necessary for their existence, development and reproduction. _________ (D) needs are related to the fact that a person belongs to society, occupies a certain place in it, participates in work activities and communication with other people. _________ (E) needs are associated with a person's knowledge of the world around him, his place in it and the meaning of his existence. Each of the groups of needs corresponds to a certain type of activity.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once.

Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
1) need
2) activity
3) nature
4) social
5) natural
6) genuine (reasonable)
7) individuality
8) individual
9) ideal (spiritual)

BUT	B	AT	G	D	E

Unified State Examination in Social Studies Task 20 Insert terms and concepts according to the context Preparation for the Unified State Examination in Social Studies Unified State Examination Options in Social Studies Video lessons Analysis of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies Useful tips, proven methods, tips and technologies

Decision:

Answer: 218549

Early version of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2017 - task No. 20.

Read the text below with a number of words missing.
Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
“A person who actively explores and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________ (A). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (C), cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).
Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________ (D) develop, expand the scope
its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries _________ (E) for his choice.
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:
1) activity
2) intelligent
3) duty
4) everyday
5) responsibility
6) socialization
7) personality
8) aspiration
9) communication

The table below lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

BUT	B	AT	G	D	E

Activity- this is the process of a person's active attitude to reality, during which the subject achieves the goals set earlier, the satisfaction of various needs and the development of social experience. Distinctive features of human activity are its social character, purposefulness, plannedness, systematicity.

The psychological characteristics of human activity include: motives, methods and techniques, purpose and result.

motives- these are those internal goals that are associated with the needs of the individual and encourage her to a certain activity. The motive of activity is that which induces it, for the sake of which it is carried out.

The motive and goal form a kind of vector of activity that determines its direction, as well as the amount of effort developed by the subject in its implementation. This vector organizes the entire system of mental processes and states that are formed and unfold in the course of activity.

Goals- the most significant for a person objects, phenomena, tasks and objects, the achievement and possession of which constitute the essence of his activity. The purpose of an activity is an ideal representation of its future result. A distinction should be made between the final goal and intermediate goals. Achieving the ultimate goal is tantamount to satisfying a need. Intermediate goals include goals that a person sets as a condition for achieving the final goal.

Methods and techniques (actions)- relatively complete elements of activity aimed at achieving intermediate goals subordinate to a common motive.

There are three types of activity that genetically replace each other and coexist throughout the life of a person: play, study, work.

A game- a form of human activity in conditional situations, aimed at recreating and assimilating social experience, fixed in socially fixed ways of implementing objective actions.

Doctrine is a type of human activity, the purpose of which is the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities by a person. The main goal of learning is preparation for future independent labor activity, and the main means is mastering the generalized results of what was created by previous work.

Work- this is an activity aimed at creating a socially useful product that satisfies the material or spiritual needs of people. Directed in accordance with its installation to create a certain result, labor, at the same time, is the main way of personality formation. In the process of labor, not only this or that product of the labor activity of the subject is born, but the subject itself is also formed.

Task 27.

“Mo-ti-vom ____ (A) na-zy-va-et-sya that which wakes her up, for the sake of which she is carried out-la-et-sya. As a mo-ti-va, usually you-stu-pa-et con-kret-naya _____ (B) che-lo-ve-ka. This is a certain form of communication with the outside world ____ (B), so-qi-al-noy group, society as a whole. Depending on the tasks of studying the needs in modern science, they use different classes si-fi-ka-tion. According to the requirements, called by the bio-lo-gi-che-sky nature of a person-lo-ve-ka, called-zy-va-yut-sya ____ (G). These are the needs of people in everything that is not-about-ho-di-mo for their existence, development, development and reproduction. Needs, connected with the fact that a person belongs to a society, for a certain place in it, participates in labor-do-howl de-i-tel-no-sti, in common with other people-mi, ha-rak-te-ri-zu-yut -sya as ____ (D). Needs, connected with the knowledge of the people around the world and the meaning of their own being -stvo-va-niya, from-no-syat-Xia to _____ (E). Each of the groups of needs-no-stay you-zy-va-et with-from-reply-stu-ing types of de-I-tel-no-sti.

The words in the list are given in the name-ni-tel-nom pas-de-zhe. Each word (word-in-co-che-ta-nie) can be used-pol-zo-va-but only once. You-bi-rai-te after-before-va-tel-but one word after another, cape-len-but for-filling each pass. Please pay attention to the fact that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

Spi-juice ter-mi-nov:

1. need

2. activity

3. reason

4. social

5. natural

6. authentic

7 socialization

8. personality

9. ideal (spiritual)

Answer: 218549

Task 27. Pro-chi-tay-te the text below, in some way a number of words are missing. You-be-ri-those from the pre-la-ga-e-mo-th list of words, some-rye not-about-ho-di-mo put in place of the passes.

“In a broad sense, any _____ (1) of a person is creative, since it is aimed at _____ (2) of the natural and social environment. In a narrower sense, _____ (3) is associated with activities specifically aimed at creating a qualitatively new result. This connection of creativity with the appearance of high-quality _____ (4) allows us to consider the creative activity of people of different _____ (5), and not just those who are usually called creative in everyday speech. Researchers distinguish such features of creative activity as a strong positive _____ (6), imagination and intuition, orientation towards a fundamentally new result, the need to overcome a certain barrier with the help of intellectual and volitional efforts.

Spi-juice ter-mi-nov:

A) result

B) profession

B) creativity

D) personality

D) culture

E) transformation

G) activity

H) novelty

I) motivation

Answer: ZHEVZBI

All types of material and spiritual _____ (1) of a person are derived from labor and carry its main feature - the creative _____ (2) of reality, and, as a result, of itself. An important feature of activity is that it always has an explicit or implicit objective _____ (3). All its components have one or another subject content, and it itself is necessarily aimed at the creative creation of a certain material or spiritual _____ (4). So, thanks to the activity of the worker, real machines and buildings are created, and in the activity of the writer and artist, works of art are created. If we want to consciously use the word “activity” in relation to one or another _____ (5), human life, then we must necessarily imagine the objective _____ (6) of its components, its final “product”.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once. Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

Spi-juice ter-mi-nov:

A) character

B) activity

D) a person

D) communication

E) transformation

G) product

H) behavior

Answer: VEAGIB

“Activity is a form of interaction inherent only to a person with ____ (1). Its main content is the change and ____ (2) of the world in the interests of people. Activity is characterized by a focus on creating something that is not in nature, on ____ (3) a product of material or spiritual culture.

Activity is always associated with a certain ___ (4), and it is carried out for the sake of its satisfaction. Activities are manifested in various spheres of society. It is characterized by such features as ____ (5), productivity, social character. It includes a goal, means, ____ (6), and the process of activity itself usually consists of a series of actions or actions "

Spi-juice ter-mi-nov:

A) the world around B) adaptation

C) transformation D) result

E) production E) consciousness

G) consumption H) need

Life in all its forms is associated with movement, and as it develops, motor activity acquires more and more perfect forms. The activity of plants is practically limited by the exchange of substances with the environment. Animal activity includes elementary forms of exploration of this environment and learning. Human activity is the most diverse. In addition to all kinds and forms characteristic of animals, it contains a special form called activity.

Activity can be defined as a specific type of human activity aimed at the knowledge and creative transformation of the surrounding world, including oneself and the conditions of one's existence. In activity, a person creates objects of material and spiritual culture, transforms his abilities, preserves and improves nature, builds society, creates something that would not exist in nature without his activity. The creative nature of human activity is manifested in the fact that, thanks to it, he goes beyond his natural limitations, that is, surpasses his own genotypically conditioned capabilities. Thanks to the productive, creative nature of activity, man has created sign systems, tools for influencing himself and nature.

Consider the structure of activity in the form of the following diagram.

activity

MOTIVES - what motivates a person to act

ACTIONS - relatively completed elements of activity aimed at achieving intermediate goals, subject to a common plan

GOALS - what the activity is aimed at

ACTION

Motor

(motor)

Central

(thinking)

Touch

(sensitive)

Execution

Regulation

Orientation

The control

Human activity has the following main characteristics: motive, purpose, subject, structure and means.

motive activity is called that which induces it, for the sake of which it is carried out. The motive is usually the need of a person, which is satisfied in the course and with the help of this activity. The motives of human activity can be very diverse:

organic;

functional;

material;

social;

spiritual.

Organic motives are aimed at satisfying the natural needs of the body (production of food, housing, clothing, etc.).

Functional motives are satisfied with the help of various cultural forms of activity (sports).

Material motives induce a person to activities aimed at creating household items, various things and tools in the form of products that serve natural needs.

Social motives give rise to various activities aimed at taking a certain place in society, gaining recognition and respect from the surrounding people.

Spiritual motives underlie those activities that are associated with self-improvement of a person. The type of human activity is determined by its dominant motive (since any human activity is polymotivated, that is, it is stimulated by several different motives).

As goals activity is its product, and the motives and goals may not coincide. Why a person acts in a certain way is often not the same as what he acts for. When we are dealing with activity in which there is no conscious goal, then there is no activity in the human sense of the word, but there is impulsive behavior which is directly driven by needs and emotions.

deed- an action, performing which a person realizes its significance for other people, i.e. its social meaning.

Subject activity is what it directly deals with. So, for example, the subject of cognitive activity is any kind of information, the subject of educational activity is knowledge, skills, and the subject of labor activity is the created material product.

AT structure activities usually distinguish actions and operations as the main components. An action is a part of an activity that has an independent, conscious human goal.

The action has a structure similar to the activity: the goal is the motive, the method is the result. There are actions:

sensory- actions to perceive the object;

motor- motor actions;

strong-willed- actions related to the manifestation of volitional efforts;

mental;

mnemic- actions of memory;

external subject- actions are aimed at changing the state or properties of the external world;

mental- actions performed in the inner plane of consciousness.

As funds the implementation of activities for a person are those tools that he uses, performing certain actions and operations. The development of the means of activity leads to its improvement, as a result of which the activity becomes more productive and of high quality.

Every human activity has external and internal components. To internal the components include anatomical and physiological structures and processes involved in the management of activity by the central nervous system, as well as psychological processes and conditions included in the regulation of activity. To external components include a variety of movements associated with the practical implementation of activities.

The ratio of internal and external components of activity is not constant. With the development and transformation of activity, a systematic transition of external components to internal ones is carried out. He is accompanied by them interiorization and automation. In the event of any difficulties in the activity, during its restoration associated with violations of internal components, a reverse transition occurs - exteriorization: reduced, automated components of activity unfold, manifest themselves outwardly, the internal ones again become external, consciously controlled.

Considering the problem of human activity, there are:

sensorimotor processes;

ideomotor processes;

emotional-motor processes.

Sensorimotor processes- these are processes in which the connection between perception and movement is carried out. They distinguish four mental acts:

1) sensory moment of reaction - the process of perception;

2) the central moment of the reaction - more or less complex processes associated with the processing of the perceived, sometimes the difference, recognition, evaluation and choice;

3) the motor moment of the reaction - the processes that determine the beginning and course of movement;

4) sensory corrections of movement (feedback).

Ideomotor processes associate the idea of movement with the execution of movement. The problem of the image and its role in the regulation of motor acts is the central problem in the psychology of correct human movements.

Emotional-motor processes- these are processes that connect the performance of movements with emotions, feelings, mental states experienced by a person.

Human activity has the following Main characteristics: 1) motive; 2) purpose; 3) subject; 4) structure; 5) funds.

motive An activity is what motivates a person to do it. The motive is usually specific need, which is satisfied in the course and with the help of this activity. The activity of the subject is always associated with some need. Being an expression of the subject's need for something, the need causes his search activity, which manifests the plasticity of activity, the connection of activity with the properties of objects that exist independently of it. This, in turn, presupposes the determinism of human activity by the external world and the objectification of a need, its transformation into a specific motive for activity. In the future, the activity of the subject is no longer directed by the object itself, but by its image. Thus, a perceived need becomes motive of behavior.

As a target activity is an ideal representation of its (activity) future result, which determines the nature and methods of human actions. The result of activity can be a real physical object created by a person, certain knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the course of activity, a creative result.

The goal is not introduced into individual activity from the outside, but is formed by the individual himself.

This process inevitably includes the experience accumulated by mankind, which this individual learns in the process of training and education. Usually, in the process of activity, a person has not one, but a whole system of goals subordinate to each other.

The concepts of motive and purpose in the psychological analysis of activity have an important place. Unmotivated activity, as well as non-purposeful, simply cannot be. The motive and goal form a kind of vector of activity that determines its direction, as well as the amount of effort developed by the subject in its implementation. This vector organizes the entire system of mental processes and states that are formed and unfold in the course of activity.

It is important to emphasize that on the basis of the same motive, different goals. If the motive encourages activity, then the goal "constructs" a specific activity, determining its characteristics and dynamics. The motive refers to the need that encourages activity, the goal - to the subject to which the activity is directed and which must be transformed into a product in the course of its implementation.

The subject of activity called what is directly involved. So, for example, the subject of cognitive activity is all kinds of information, the subject of labor activity is the created material product.

The means of carrying out activities for a person are the tools that he uses when performing certain actions or operations.