Can a predicate consist of two verbs. Compound verb predicate
What is a compound predicate?
A compound predicate is a predicate in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning are expressed not by one word, but by different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (time and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.
Wed: He sang He started singing (compound verbal predicate); He sick two months(usual verb predicate). - He was ill two months(compound nominal predicate).
What is a compound verb predicate?
A compound verbal predicate is a predicate in which the lexical meaning is expressed by one verb, and the grammatical meaning by another.
What parts does a compound verb predicate consist of?
A compound verb predicate consists of 2 parts:
For example: I started singing; I wish to sing; I afraid to sing(started, I wish, I'm afraid- This auxiliary part of the predicate, infinitive sing is the main part).
Note. Both in the auxiliary part and in place of the infinitive can be used phraseological unit:
He glowing with impatience participate in conference(= willing to participate).
He wants to take on the role in conference(= willing to participate).
He eager to accept the role in conference(= willing to participate).
Auxiliary verb meanings
Ordinary verbs and phraseological units
Examples
1. Phase (beginning, continuation, end of action)
Start, become, start, continue, finish, stay, finish, quit, end and etc.
He began to prepare to leave.
He continued to prepare for his departure.
He gave up smoking.
He again began to talk about the hardships of rural life.
2. Modal meaning (necessity, desirability, ability, disposition, sensory evaluation of an action, etc.)
To be able, to be able, to lust, to desire, to dream, to intend, to renounce, to try, to try, to count, to be able, to manage, to try, to believe, to get used to, to hurry, to be embarrassed, to endure, to adore, intolerance, to fear, to be afraid, to be cowardly, to be ashamed, to set a goal , to burn with desire, to have honor, to have intention, to make a promise, to have a habit and etc.
I can sing.
I wish to sing.
I'm afraid to sing.
I like singing.
I'm ashamed to sing.
I hope to sing this aria.
How to find the syntactic role of the infinitive?
Not at least some combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate. In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, a few criteria must be met:
The predicates expressed by the complex form of the future tense of the verb are not compound verbal predicates: I am tomorrow Will work (this is a normal verb predicate).
What is a compound compound verb predicate?
Burdening occurs due to the consumption of an additional modal or phase verb(s) as part of a compound verbal predicate (see the table above): I started wanting to eat .I felt that soon I can start to eat (additional verbs underlined).
What are atypical cases of the structure of a compound verb predicate?
I was ready(don't mind, able) wait.
Exercise on the topic “Distinguishing between ordinary and compound verbal predicate.The syntactic role of the infinitive»
Exercise: Highlight the grammatical bases of the sentences. Determine the class of predicates. Determine the syntactic role of the infinitive.
1. He was afraid to go to the doctors.
2. A servant came to call me to the princess.
3. The old woman left to take care of the departure.
4. He asked me to work on leaving.
5. The stately state poet knows how to force both the master and the men to speak in their language.
6. I try to teach them respect for my native land.
7. Under no effort will a person be able to convey the charm of this day.
8. In Moscow, I will neither see you, nor write to you, nor call you.
9. The rarest drops of rain began to beat heavily on the ground.
10. The autumn rain will drizzle for a long time.
11. And as if in response to her words, the rarest and warmest rain quietly begins to rustle along the river and bushes.
12. Dense, neglected alleys immediately began behind the gate.
13. Sinister rumors began to circulate.
14. They continued to sniff, doze and yawn for 10 years.
15. The sea periodically completely stopped making noise.
16. And the blizzard, as if mocking, did not want to let up.
17. Antonenko ordered the people to leave the barge.
18. I will not allow you to speak badly about life in my presence.
19. Tagilov did not go to have breakfast.
20. She did not even have time to say hello to him.
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Additional to the site:
Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting the action or sign of what is expressed by the subject.
Predicate has a lexical meaning (names what is reported about the realia named in the subject) and grammatical meaning (characterizes the statement from the point of view of reality or irreality and the correlation of the statement with the moment of speech, which is expressed by the forms of the mood of the verb, and in the indicative mood - and time).
There are three main types of predicates: simple verb, compound verb and compound nominal .
Simple verbal predicate, ways of expressing it
Simple verb predicate(PGS) can be expressed one word and ambiguously
.
PGS- one word :
1) a verb in conjugated form, that is, the form of one of the moods; in these cases, the predicate agrees with the subject: He read / reads / will read / would read / let him read / this book.
2) verbal interjection or infinitive; there is no agreement between the predicate and the subject: And the hat bam right on the floor. As the music starts, the boy will immediately dance.
PGS- phrase :
1. PGS - phraseologically free , but syntactically related phrase - may have the following structure and typical meaning:
1) repetition of the verb form to indicate the duration of the action:
I go, I go, but the forest is still far away.
2) repetition of the verb form with a particle so to indicate an intense or fully implemented action:
That's what he said.
3) repetition of the same verb in different forms or single-root verbs to enhance the meaning of the predicate:
He does not sleep himself and does not let others.
I can't wait for spring.
4) a semantic verb with an auxiliary verb form that has lost or weakened its lexical meaning and introduces additional semantic shades into the sentence:
And he take it and say / know yourself sings.
5) two verbs in the same grammatical form to denote an action and its purpose:
I'll go for a walk in the garden.
6) a verb with a particle was, introducing the meaning of a failed action:
I was going to the cinema, but didn't go.
7) design with the value of the intensity of action:
All he does is sleep.
2. PGS- phraseological unit denotes a single action, inseparable in meaning into an action and its material object, in most cases this phraseological unit can be replaced by one verb: take part, come to your senses, fall into a rage, sound the alarm, have the opportunity, have the intention, have the habit, have the honor, have the right; to express a desire, to burn with desire, to acquire a habit, to consider oneself entitled, to consider it necessary etc.:
He attended the conference(=participated).
Compound verb predicate(GHS) has the following structure:
pre-infinitive part + infinitive.
Infinitive expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate - calls the action.
Pre-infinitive part expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, as well as an additional characteristic of the action - an indication of its beginning, middle or end (phase meaning) or possibility, desirability, degree of commonness and other characteristics that describe the attitude of the subject of the action to this action (modal meaning).
Phase value expressed by verbs become, start (start), accept (accept), continue (continue), stop (stop), stop (stop) and some others (most often these are synonyms for the above words, characteristic of the colloquial style of speech):
I started/continued/finished reading this book.
modal meaning can be expressed
1) verbs to be able, able, want, wish, try, intend, dare, refuse, think, prefer, get used to, love, hate, beware, etc.
2) a linking verb to be (in the present tense in zero form) + short adjectives glad, ready, obliged, must, intend, able, as well as adverbs and nouns with a modal meaning:
I was ready / willing / able to wait.
Both in the pre-infinitive part and in the position of the infinitive, a phraseological unit can be used:
He is eager to participate in the conference(= wants to participate)
He wants to attend the conference(= wants to participate).
He lit with eagerness to take part in conference(= wants to participate).
The complication of CGS occurs due to the additional use of a modal or phase verb in its composition:
I started to want to eat.
I felt that soon I could start to want to eat.
A special type of GHS is presented in sentences, the main members of which are expressed by verbs in an indefinite form: to be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest. The auxiliary part of such predicates is not typical for compound verbs: it is represented by the linking verb to be, which occurs in compound nominal predicates. In addition to being, the auxiliary part can also be represented by the verb mean, for example:
Not to come means to offend.
The predicates expressed are not compound verbal predicates:
1) the compound form of the future tense of the imperfective verb in the indicative mood: I will work tomorrow;
2) a combination of a simple verbal predicate with an infinitive that occupies the position of an object in the sentence in the case of different subjects of action in the conjugated form of the verb and the infinitive: Everyone asked her.underline ( border-bottom: 1px dashed blue; ) to sing (everyone asked, but she should sing);
3) a combination of a simple verbal predicate with an infinitive, which in a sentence is a circumstance of the goal: He went outside for a walk.
It is easy to see that in all these cases the conjugated form of the verb before the infinitive has neither phase nor modal meaning.
Compound nominal predicate
Compound nominal predicate(SIS) has the following structure:
nominal part (bundle) + nominal part.
Nominal part expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate.
Indicative part expresses the grammatical or grammatical and part of the lexical meaning of the predicate.
Indicative part
it happens:
1) abstract: the verb to be (in the meaning of "to appear", and not "to be" or "to be"), which expresses only the grammatical meaning of the predicate - mood, tense, person / gender, number; in the present tense, the abstract connective appears in the zero form: He is a student / was a student.
2) semi-significant (semi-abstract): verbs to appear (appear), be, appear (appear), present (appear), become (become), become (become), stay (remain), be considered, etc., which express the grammatical meaning of the predicate and complement the meaning expressed by the nominal part; these verbs are usually not used without a nominal part.
For example: He turned out to be a student. She seemed tired.
3) significant (full-valued): verbs of movement, state, activity go, walk, run, return, sit, stand, lie down, work, live, etc.
For example: We returned home tired. He worked as a janitor. He lived as a hermit.
Significant and semi-significantbundle when determining the type of the predicate, it can be replaced by an abstract one.
The nominal part can be expressed in one word and ambiguous.
Single-word noun expression :
1) a noun in the case form, more often in the nominative case. / instrumental.
For example: He/was a teacher. The skirt was in a cage.
2) an adjective in full and short form, in the form of any of the degrees of comparison.
For example: His words were smart. He became taller than his father. He is the tallest in the class.
3) full or short participle: Letter was not printed .
4) pronoun: This pencil is mine!
5) numeral: He was eighth in line.
6) adverb: The conversation will be frank. I felt sorry for the old man.
An ambiguous expression of the nominal part:
1) a phraseologically free, but syntactically related phrase may have the following structure:
a) a word with a quantitative meaning + a noun in the genitive case.
For example: The boy was five years old.
b) a noun with words dependent on it, if the noun itself is not very informative, and the semantic center of the statement is located precisely in the words dependent on the name (the noun itself in this case can be thrown out of the sentence almost without loss of meaning).
For example: He is the best student in the class.
2) phraseological unit: He was the talk of the town.
The linking part can also be expressed by a phraseological unit:
He looked gloomy and distracted
- phraseologism in the connective part;
A compound nominal predicate, like a compound verb, can be complicated by introducing a modal or phase auxiliary verb into it.
For example: She wanted to appear tired. He gradually began to become a specialist in this field.
The purpose of the lesson is to get acquainted with the compound verb predicate; find out how it can be expressed.
Topic: Two-part sentences. The main members of the proposal
Lesson: Compound Verbal Predicate
Compound predicates- these are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (time and mood) are expressed in different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (time, mood, etc.) is expressed in the auxiliary part.
A compound verb predicate consists of two parts:
a. auxiliary part(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (time, mood, etc.);
b. main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.
Compound verbal predicate = auxiliary verb + infinitive
I started to sing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.
Scheme for constructing a compound verbal predicate.
But not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions:
1. The auxiliary verb must be lexically ambiguous, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.
I started - what to do?; I want - what to do?.
Do not confuse! Compound verbal predicate with a combination of a predicate with an infinitive, which in a sentence is a circumstance of the goal!
She sat down (for what purpose?) to rest.
2. The action of the infinitive must refer to the subject.
I want to sing. I want to sing- compound verb predicate (I want - I, I will sing - I).
Do not confuse! If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence, then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.
I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verbal predicate sing- addition (I asked, she will sing).
3. The table shows the main auxiliary verbs, as well as short adjectives and an example of a phraseological unit that can be included in a compound verb predicate.
|
Basic auxiliary verbs |
Short adjectives as auxiliary verbs | Phraseological combinations | ||
| Beginning, end, continuation | Desirability, possibility, necessity of action | Emotional evaluation of an action | ||
|
finish start proceed stop |
try |
like hope be afraid to be ashamed get ready |
For example: (he) burns with impatience (to participate) |
|
I can sing. I want to sing. I like singing. He began to prepare to leave. He continued to prepare for his departure. He gave up smoking.
Plan for parsing a compound verb predicate
1. Indicate the type of predicate.
2. Indicate how the main part is expressed; what is the meaning of the auxiliary part and what form of the verb it is expressed.
Sample parsing
The old man started eating again.
Started to chew- compound verb predicate. Main part ( chew) is expressed as an infinitive. Auxiliary part ( set off) has the meaning of the beginning of the action and is expressed by the verb in the past tense of the indicative mood.
1. Textbook: Russian language: textbook for grade 8. general education institutions / T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M.T. Baranov, L.A. Trostentsova and others - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2008.
1. Simple sentences (collection of material on the topic of the lesson) ().
2. Federal Center for Information and Educational Resources ().
3. A single collection of digital educational resources ().
4. Vinogradov V.V. Basic questions of syntax (based on the Russian language) ().
5. Russian philological portal ().
6. Presentations "Predicates" ().
1. Highlight the grammatical foundations of sentences.
Don't let your soul be lazy!
So that the water in the mortar does not crush,
The soul must work
And day and night, and day and night!
Don't let her sleep in bed
By the light of the morning star
Keep the lazy in the black body
And don't take the reins off her!
If you want to give her an indulgence,
Releasing from work
She's the last shirt
Will rip you off without pity.
She is a slave and a queen
She is a worker and a daughter,
She has to work
And day and night, and day and night!
N. Zabolotsky
2. Interesting about Russian.
Interesting questions:
1. What letters can make delicious food?
2. Which day of the week has a double consonant in its name?
3. Which words have three letters e?
4. What words start with four consonants?
5. What letter must be entered in the name of the boy so that it turns into the name of wooden pointed poles?
6. What words are written in contract 3 letters e?
A compound verb predicate has two parts: auxiliary and main. The main part always consists of an infinitive expressing the main information in the semantics of the predicate. The auxiliary part carries a double load: it expresses the modal-temporal meaning of the predicate and complements the main informative meaning.
The lexical meaning of the auxiliary part includes:
- Indication of the beginning, end, continuation of the action: begin, become, finish, stay, continue, stop, stop, etc. Such verbs are called phase verbs and form a special lexical-semantic group, as a result of which they also acquire a grammatical meaning: You have already begun to fade a little ( Yesenin);
wipe your face and lift the strap from your cap (Konetsky);
Before a thunderstorm, the fish stopped pecking (Paustovsky).
- An indication of the necessity, desirability and possibility of action: be able, want, wish, intend, decide, assume, count, etc. Such verbs are called modal. Like phasic, modal verbs also express grammatical meaning: Without personal labor, a person cannot go
Ah, if I could hate you (Pushkin); I don't want to forget
and I can’t (Svetlov).
The difference between a simple and compound verbal predicate is especially pronounced when compared. Wed: The reader sees and understands what he wants and can see and understand.
In the main clause, all components of the semantics of the predicate are expressed by the conjugated verbal forms sees and understands, in the subordinate clause the modal-temporal component of the semantics is expressed by the auxiliary verbs wants and can, supplementing with their lexical meanings the main meaning of the predicates, expressed by infinitives.
The infinitive included in the compound verb predicate is called “subjective”, since it denotes the action of the same person as the auxiliary part: I wanted to say, I can argue, I like to talk, etc.
The infinitive realizes the need for phase, modal and emotional verbs in the object, therefore the infinitive, which is part of the predicate, can alternate in speech with a noun that acts as an object. Wed: I want to go forward and with each
during the day, every hour I want something new, but he wants to stop and stop me with him (L. Tolstoy); I'm not afraid of death. Oh no! I'm afraid to disappear completely (Lermontov); I loved the noise of the forest, the rush of moss and grass, the variegation of flowers that thrilled the hunter in the thickets of swamps, the crackling of the wings of a wild bird, the shooting, the creeping gunpowder smoke; loved to seek and unexpectedly find (Greene).
Depending on the syntactic conditions and lexical-semantic meanings of the auxiliary verbs in the infinitive, either verbal or nominal properties are strengthened. Phase and modal verbs are less bright and independent than emotional ones, therefore, combinations with verbs containing an emotional assessment of an action do not have an unambiguous interpretation in the literature and are considered either as a predicate, or as a combination of predicates with additions.
It is necessary to distinguish combinations from a compound verbal predicate that include an infinitive that acts as an addition and circumstance of the goal.
The infinitive, which plays the role of an addition, is called “objective”, since it denotes the action of another person (not the “subject” of the conjugated verb form): advised to search, asked to save, etc.: Antonenko ordered people to leave the barge (Konetsky);
The battalion commander was ordered to take the altitude that day (Lvov); Not
I will allow in my presence to speak badly_ about life, for
Auxiliary part includes:
- a linking verb to be, expressing only modal-temporal meanings. In the present tense, the link is usually absent ("zero link"): Labor for the good of society is sacred
the key to knowledge (Proverb); Personal happiness is impossible without
the happiness of others (Chernyshevsky); The morning was hazy, the sky
dim (Vigdorova); Empty and colorless is life only
among colorless people... (Chernyshevsky); The world is the greatest key value of our existence, without which they lose their meaning
and the strength of all other blessings and joys of life (Leonov);
- linking verbs, not only expressing modal-temporal meanings, but also introducing various additional shades, sometimes very significant, into the lexical meaning of the predicate: to become, to become, to become, to appear, to be considered, to seem, to be called, etc.: We have winter. Everything becomes brighter, more fun from
Ivan Ivanovich ... (Dubov); The glare of the sun seemed like diamonds
(Akhmatova); Throughout world history, a new culture has always been a synthesis of the new with the old, with the main
the beginnings of the culture it replaced (Bryusov); Regardless of all these tragic inner experiences, Blok, in all periods of his work, remained a true poet and a true artist (Bryusov);
- verbs with the meaning of movement, movement, position in space and time with varying degrees of weakening of the lexical meaning: arrive, come, return, step, stand, sit, lie down, etc.: Autumn has come rainy, cold (Vigdorova); She came out of the pool fresh, cold and fragrant, covered with trembling drops of water (Kuprin); On his table lay open a letter from Vienna (Danin).
Both auxiliary verbs and linking verbs can function in speech as simple verbal predicates with the preservation of lexical meanings. For example: There was a fresh shadow on the terrace (L. Tolstoy); Was
dark, autumn, rainy, windy night (L. Tolstoy); Trees
stood in the snow - two days ago there was a strong snowstorm (Proskurin);
In the place where the flotilla had recently stood, an ice wave was walking (P a u-
stovsky). It is easy to see that in verb forms capable of serving the grammatical side of compound nominal predicates, one of the components of semantics is the meaning of being-existence, which is complemented by other, specific meanings. The component of being determines the interchangeability of such verbs (cf .: stood in the snow - were in the snow, a wave was walking - there was a wave, etc.).
Only a change in the order of words in sentences with the verb to be, which has the most abstract meaning of being, causes a redistribution of syntactic functions. Wed: The shade on the terrace was fresh; The night was
dark, autumn, rainy, windy; There were trees in the snow - two days ago the snowstorm was strong; In the place where the flotilla had recently stood, an icy wave walked. A change in word order entails significant changes in the syntactic functions of some word forms, more subtle differences in grammatical meanings with insignificant differences in lexical semantics (the circumstance of a place on the terrace is transformed into an adverbial definition, a fresh definition becomes a nominal part of the predicate, etc.).
The main ways of expressing the nominal part of the predicate are the adjective in full and short form (moreover, the full form begins to crowd out the short one), the noun and the short passive participle. In addition, the nominal part can be expressed by prepositional case combinations, whole phrases, phraseological units, etc.
Let's supplement the above examples with the following: I spent evenings with people in Bratsk. The comrades of Shiryu soul are rich. Conversations
cordial, smart, good. These people are friendly, Their house is cozy (Bezymensky); Houses are more durable than people and are witnesses of several human generations (Paustovsky); The sail is old, whitened by the rains, with large square patches (Yakovshikh trees (Sokolov-Mikitov); He was a jack of all trades (Dubov).
In interrogative sentences, the nominal part of the predicate can be expressed by a pronoun or a combination of pronouns: Who
This? What is it? Who is Ivanov? What is art?
What is the weather today? What is the result of our work? etc.
Notes: 1. In some cases, short and full forms of adjectives differ in lexical meanings (The girl is very good and the Girl is very good), in valence properties (Life is eventful and Life is rich), etc. Therefore, not in all cases, short forms can be replaced by full ones and vice versa: Here in our area, rich in songs, The girls are too good (Fatyanov); ... In any case, life
us rich! (Koptyaeva).
2. A compound nominal predicate may include particles: With this pain, I seem to be younger (Yesenin); She was like a song to me (Yesenin); Night
as if paler today (Yesenin); The surest sign of truth is simplicity and clarity (L. Tolstoy); The wolf is not a shepherd (Proverb).
Two heads and six legs; four walk, and two lie still
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