N and Kareev biography. Kareev N

Merit Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev(1850-1931) before domestic sociology lies in the fact that he was the first in Russia to begin to read a systematic course in sociology, published the first Russian textbook on sociology "Introduction to the Study of Sociology" and is recognized as the founder of the history of Russian sociology. He devoted special works to the development of sociology in Russia: Fundamentals of Russian Sociology (1996), Lived and Experienced (1990), in which he presented the methodology, periodization and main directions of Russian sociology of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.

As a sociologist, N. I. Kareev was formed under the influence of the philosophical teachings of L. Feuerbach and N. G. Chernyshevsky, the sociological ideas of P. L. Lavrov and N. K. Mikhailovsky, M. A Bakunin and P. A. Kropotkin, E. V. De Roberti and M. M. Kovalevsky. Despite his personal acquaintance with K. Marx and F. Engels and their high appreciation of his master's thesis "The Peasants and the Peasant Question in France in the Last Quarter of the 18th Century", the Russian sociologist, paying tribute to Marxist teaching, was critical of the concept of "economic materialism".

The scientific heritage of N. I. Kareev includes over 450 works, a significant number of which have not yet been published. The works that set out his sociological views include: "Basic Questions of the Philosophy of History" (1883), "The Essence of the Historical Process and the Role of the Personality in History" (1889), "Historical-Philosophical and Sociological Etudes" (1895), "Introduction in the Study of Sociology" (1897), "General Foundations of Sociology" (1919), "Fundamentals of Russian Sociology" (1919-1929).

N. I. Kareev, offering to divide all the sciences of society into two groups: the sciences of phenomena - phenomenological and the sciences of laws - nomonological. So, he included in the first group those sciences that should describe phenomena and show their mutual connection (for example, history and philosophy of history). To the group of nomonological sciences, he ranked sociology, whose task is "to discover the laws that govern social phenomena." As N. I. Kareev himself believed, he anticipated the ideas of W. Windelband, G. Rickert and G. Simmel, since only "much time later in German philosophical literature was a similar distinction made between the two categories of sciences."

N. I. Kareev defined sociology as the science of the nature and genesis of society, its main elements, factors and forces, their changes, the nature of the processes taking place in it, "wherever, whenever all this does not exist and does not happen" . Just like O. Comte, he believed that sociology studies society "integrally", being a general theory of the social. N. I. Kareev explained the integral nature of sociology as follows: sociology cannot be a simple mechanical combination of the general theories of politics, jurisprudence and economics, since it studies "not three different subjects - the state, law and the national economy, but one subject - society" . From his point of view, sociology as a theoretical science is devoid of an applied character. Following the idea expressed by the anarchist theorist M. A. Bakunin that sociology should not predict "the forms of future social life", N. I. Kareev argued that if sociology wants to be a science, then it should not raise questions about the best structure of society . To remain a positive science, sociology must be "non-partisan and above class."

Being a professional historian and politician, I. I. Kareev saw the difference between sociology, history and politics in that the task of sociology is to integrate the knowledge of social sciences, "to discover the laws governing social phenomena", the task of history is to study the specific past, "without any there was no inclination to predict the future", and the task of politics is "to give practical instructions". History, in his opinion, prepares "the necessary factual material" for sociology, and the task of sociology is "to find manifestations of evolutionary regularity."

In general, considering sociology as a positive science, N. I. Kareev disagreed with O. Comte on two issues. First, the founder of sociology immediately moved from biology to sociology, bypassing psychology. The Russian sociologist proposed to place psychology between biology and sociology, and not individual psychology, but collective psychology. It is collective psychology that, in his opinion, is capable of becoming the true basis of sociology, since social phenomena, in the final analysis, are interaction between people, through which a person can convey to a person not only a thought, but also his mood, even inspire him with a certain desire or action. Secondly, N. I. Kareev did not agree with the ideas of O. Comte that the stages of the evolution of society are due to a change in the forms of thinking.

Noting the importance of Marxism for introducing economic analysis of social phenomena into sociology, the Russian sociologist believed that the theory of Marxism is axiomatic, absolutizes the significance of only one economic factor and, in fact, remains at the pre-Kontian level.

N. I. Kareev recognized the positivist methodology as the methodological basis of sociology. Following O. Comte, he proposed to consider society in two dimensions - statics and dynamics, defining statics as anatomy, and dynamics as the physiology of a social organism. The first studies the phenomena of social structure and is the theory of social equilibrium, the second investigates the processes taking place in the social organism and is the theory of social development.

As the main methods of sociological knowledge, I. I. Kareev singled out the comparative-historical one, which allows one to present a static picture of society, and the evolutionary one, which allows one to consider the dynamics of the development of society as a change of phases or cultural types, as well as the reasons for their emergence, design and change. At the same time, he shared the main provisions of the methodology of subjective sociology by P. L. Lavrov and N. N. Mikhailovsky in the study of social life. N. I. Kareev believed that the subjective element in the study of society is necessary, since any social phenomenon should be considered by the cognizing subject through the prism of a certain ideal.

Personality and society, according to the view of N. I. Kareev, are in continuous interaction, causing each other. He considered the starting point of sociology to be the recognition of the "publicity of man" and the rejection of "the fiction of a natural man before society and outside society." N. I. Kareev argued that personality is "the only real being with which sociology deals." Peoples or separate classes of one and the same people are the essence of collective units, consisting of separate individuals, and only the latter think, feel, desire, strive and act. In contrast to O. Comte, who recognized only society as real, the Russian sociologist believed that since human individuals are in constant interaction, it is precisely the study of different types of interactions between individuals that constitutes the main task of collective psychology, which should be the direct basis of sociology.

Personality in the sociological views of N. I. Kareev appears as a microcosm, as a subject of mental experiences, feelings and thoughts, needs and interests, desires and aspirations. In personality, the sociologist identified two main aspects - psychological and ethical. He paid special attention to the anthropological, psychological and social characteristics of the individual as a subject of culture. From his point of view, the individual is not only the bearer of the existing culture, but also its creator. The interaction of the individual and the social environment was seen as a counteraction to "traditions and innovations". If the social environment seeks to suppress individuality through traditions, then the individual fights for his individuality through innovation.

N. I. Kareev shared the point of view of P. L. Lavrov and N. K. Mikhailovsky on the role of an outstanding personality in history, on her relationship with the people. He argued that society is predominantly driven by "individuals who create and disseminate new ideas and combine the forces of society for movement", expressing urgent needs. In his opinion, the purpose of an outstanding personality is to organize the movement of the people in a certain direction.

N. I. Kareev defined society as "a set of many individual human beings, in a certain way interconnected and therefore forming a certain system." Society, according to the Russian sociologist, is a complex system of psychological interactions of individuals. Moreover, he distinguished the processes of mental interaction between members of society from the products of this interaction.

Following G. Spencer and E. V. De Roberti, characterizing society as a "supraorganic environment", N. I. Kareev distinguished two components in it: a social organization and a cultural group. The social organization determines the place of the individual in society, and the cultural group determines its originality, the difference from "personalities of another cultural group." Spiritual culture, being a set of ideas existing in society, influences the behavior of its individual members, and their practical relations that underlie social forms also depend on this behavior.

P. I. Kareev characterized the interaction of the individual and society as follows: the individual strives for self-determination in society, and the social environment seeks to assimilate the individual in itself. In society, as a combination of many individual mental lives, taken in space and time, the forces of suggestion and imitation operate, and people enter into a certain mental exchange and accumulate the results of collective mental work. So far, the influence of one person on another or their interaction is limited to changes in the inner world of each of them, i.e. are reflected in their concepts, feelings and desires, these persons are in relations with each other of a purely mental nature. Another thing, the sociologist emphasized, is when one influences the actions of the other, on his behavior, and when practical relations are established between two persons that have a bilateral character. These practical relations, the basis of which is also psychological interaction, are, in his opinion, the most primary elements that make up all complex systems of practical relations: economic, legal and political.

N.I. Kareev understood social evolution as changes in social organization and culture in the process of human interaction. From his point of view, social evolution is due to three groups of factors: geographical, anthropological and historical. The sociologist considered internationalization and world-historical continuity to be the general trend of social evolution. Social evolution proceeds unevenly, including many evolutionary series, and is accompanied by crises, the cause of which is the violation of the "static law of mutual correspondence of elements of culture and social forms." The main indicator of crises are revolutions, which can be avoided with the help of ongoing reforms.

Like many social thinkers of the late nineteenth century. NI Kareev paid great attention to the problem of social progress. He presented his understanding of this problem by analyzing the existing foreign concepts of social progress by G. Spencer, C. Darwin and K. Marx. Criticizing these concepts for biologism and economism, he proposed an ethical and psychological approach to understanding social progress.

From the point of view of N. I. Kareev, social progress should not be considered as a single process, but as consisting of five main areas: mental progress, moral progress, political progress, legal progress, economic progress. The "formula of progress" proposed by him included three components that are subordinate to the main goal of progress - the development of the individual:

- an ideal, which is a developed personality, existing in conditions of individual freedom and social solidarity;
- ways to achieve the ideal through the reworking of culture, life and social organization by critical thought;
- an expression of the law of social progress, which consists in the self-liberation of the individual and the subordination of society to it.

Based on the criterion of the role of violence in social interaction, as well as the level of freedom, equality and solidarity, I. I. Kareev identified five stages of social progress:

1) primitive societies dominated by brute force and characterized by antagonism and anarchy;
2) societies in which the domination of brute force and antagonism persist, but there is already centralization and differentiation in the form of a combination of despotism with anarchy;
3) societies in which the domination of brute force, antagonism and anarchism, characteristic of the previous stage, are weakened;
4) societies where the dominance of brute force gives way to legal regulation, in which civic consciousness is established in the form of a combination of freedom and order;
5) ideal societies, which are characterized by complete solidarity and where truth and justice reign.

The general logic of social progress was seen by N. I. Kareev as a process of humanity's exit from the state of nature through the adaptation of the individual to the social environment and the subsequent denial of the power of this environment.

A feature of the approach of I. I. Kareev to the consideration of sociological problems was the invariable appeal to how these problems were previously solved in the history of foreign and domestic sociology. Knowledge of the history of the development of sociological thought, he considered a necessary condition for scientific knowledge of the past and present life of society, since it helps the researcher "to understand more historically the cultural significance" of sociological problems. His works on the history of foreign and domestic sociology were written in the historical-critical genre.

N. I. Kareev was one of the first in Russia who made an attempt to comprehend the process of development of sociology as a science and devoted several special works to this. He paid special attention to the issue of the origin of scientific sociology, the historical mission of O. Comte and the influence of his ideas on the subsequent development of sociology. In the work "Auguste Comte as the Founder of Sociology" (1903), N. I. Kareev noted that the founder of sociology correctly guessed the historical demand of his time, thanks to which he created one "of the grandiose monuments of the human mind." N. I. Kareev proposed a classification of the main directions of world sociology. As a selection criterion, he used the opposite of theoretical approaches: positivism - antipositivism, Marxism - anti-Marxism, objectivism - subjectivism, naturalism - psychologism.

N. I. Kareev believed that Russian sociology developed in parallel with Western European. He recognized N. G. Chernyshevsky as the "initiator of a new science" in Russia. With the appearance of the works of P. L. Lavrov and N. K. Mikhailovsky, he noted, “the development of sociological literature began in Russia.” The penetration of positivism into Russian social thought was accompanied by the inclusion of its theories in various philosophical, cultural and political trends and the formation of original sociological concepts on this basis.

In the history of Russian sociology, N. I. Kareev singled out the following main periods of its development:

- the end of the 1860s - the middle of the 1890s;
- since the mid-1890s. until 1917;
- after 1917

From his point of view, the first period is characterized by the emergence of a subjective trend that opposes sociological naturalism; the second - the struggle of Marxist sociology with the sociological teachings opposing it; third - the establishment of the dominance of Marxist sociology and the possibility of convergence of "economism" and "psychologism". The periodization proposed by N. I. Kareev for the initial period of the development of sociology in Russia is still used in educational and scientific literature on the history of Russian sociology.

annotation

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the works of the founder of positivism O. Comte on the work of N.I. Kareev as one of the popularizers of the ideas of positivism in Russia. The article discusses the key ideas of the positivist teaching on the basis of the most famous and popular works of Comte, as well as the influence of the ideas of positivism on the views of Kareev. The article also considers the scientific activity of the Russian scientist as a social scientist.

Sociological theory of Kareev

In the 50-60s of the XIX century. in the public consciousness and worldview of progressive Russian intellectuals, the original ideas and work of O. Comte produced an ideological and scientific revolution. The works of Comte and his followers influenced the views of many Russian positivists - E. de Roberti, M. Filippov, N. Mikhailovsky, N.I. Kareev and other progressive Russian social scientists.

Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850-1931) taught at Warsaw and then at St. Petersburg University, in 1910 he became a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in 1929, despite a negative attitude towards the Soviet government, he was elected an honorary academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences .

The sociological theory of Kareev took shape in the first half of the 1880s. The main ideological source of social science in the 1880s and until the mid-1890s. Russian scientist remained positivism, including French positivism and especially the teachings of Comte. N.I. Kareev recognized the authority of the French thinker as one of the founders of social science as a scientific discipline.

However, it should be noted that Kareev was very critical of the legacy of the great French thinker and noted his fundamental disagreement with some postulates of Comte's teaching as early as 1876. So, according to the Russian scientist, Comte unreasonably considered biology and psychology as integral components of sociology. Kareev was convinced that it was impossible to explain social processes, taking into account only the material factors of social life. Thus, according to the Russian thinker, collective psychology had the potential to become the true basis of social science, since most social phenomena represent a spiritual interaction between people.

Many Russian sociologists, including Kareev, were critical of Comte's personality. N.I. Kareev, like many Russian social scientists of the second half of the 19th century, was attracted to the positivist doctrine not by the personal authority of the French philosopher, but by the typological methodology of positivism, which at that time seemed to Russian intellectuals a promising program for further research in the field of social sciences.

A sociologist, according to Kareev, guided by ideals, constructs forms of social life, which "simplifies too complex real relationships and facilitates the study of reality". However, in this case, the abstract approach to the study of social processes turns into a rejection of an objective analysis of social relations, and sociology focuses on the phenomena and events in the life of society as the results of the will and mind of a person. Therefore, Kareev supplemented social science with a subjectivist theory of historical progress. He believed that the idea of progress also has a subjective source, although in its objective component progress is completely based on historical observation and positive historical knowledge (for example, a permanent increase in human power over nature). Thus, Kareev can be considered as the last major researcher in the history of Russian social science who used the subjective method in his work.

The role of Kareev in the development of sociology in Russia

Studying the role of N.I. Kareev in the process of institutionalization of sociology in Russia, it should be noted that the development of social science as a new field of academic and scientific knowledge at universities was constrained by political factors.

The first course of sociology was read by Professor N.I. Kareev in St. Petersburg in the late 90s. Then Kareev soon published his lectures on sociology as a separate book. In the bibliography of this work, Russian authors owned 260 sources out of 880, but this list turned out to be incomplete - there were much more domestic sociological studies at that time.

N.I. Kareev is also known as a historiographer of Russian pre-revolutionary sociology. In his monographs "Introduction to the Study of Sociology" (1897), "General Foundations of Sociology" (1919) and the article "The Main Directions of Sociology and Its Current State" (1903), he offered systematic reviews of the state of Russian social science, its history and methodological problems. He explained the importance of systematic reviews in sociology by the need to integrate in the theory and methodology of various schools and approaches in order to create a generally accepted theory of society, believing that it is in this way that effective international cooperation of sociologists can be ensured. In these works, he not only systematized and periodized the history of sociology, identifying differences between the sociological practical tasks of social science, but also described the conceptual diversity of social science approaches in Russia, believing that the reason for this was different interpretations of the contradictions of Comte's sociological theory.

Kareev also introduced a typology of Russian social science, in which he singled out the Marxist and non-Marxist direction. Considering the problems of the institutionalization of sociology in Russia, Kareev attached importance to the national specificity of its development. Kareev identified three main periods in the development of domestic pre-revolutionary sociology: the stage before the 1890s. he characterized by the struggle of the subjective school with naturalistic reductionism and the emergence of the Marxist school; period from the mid-1990s. until 1917, he regarded as a struggle between the Marxist and non-Marxist trends in sociology; and the dominance of Marxist sociology after 1917.

At the end of the XIX century. sociology was taught as an optional special course at St. Petersburg University and at the Polytechnic Institute, in Kharkov and Warsaw, and sociological materials were taught by N.I. Kareev and A. Lappo-Danilevsky as part of courses on the methodology of history, as well as M. Kovalevsky and V. Khvostov in the program of courses on the history of political and economic doctrines.

N.I. Kareev believed that the main task of sociology is the development of the human personality, moral and social progress. He also proposed introducing the basic elements of sociological knowledge into the school curricula to instill civic qualities in the younger generation. Since 1895, he developed and published programs for self-education in social science. However, these initiatives caused opposition from both the tsarist and Soviet governments. As a result, in the early 1920s. the experiment of teaching the basics of social science at school was curtailed. Also in the early 1920s. the Sociological Institute in Petrograd was disbanded, under the auspices of which N.I. Kareev, P.A. Sorokin and other sociologists organized lectures.

The tragic fate of Kareev, who in the last years of his life was forced, unlike many of his colleagues who were exiled abroad in the early 1920s, to go to "internal emigration", whose family was affected by the repressions of the Soviet authorities, symbolizes not only the tragedy of Russian social science in the era of Stalinism, but also serves as an example of what sad consequences the monopoly of the doctrine in the field of social sciences can lead to.

the USSR Place of work Moscow University , Warsaw University , Petersburg University

Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev(November 24 [December 6], Moscow - February 18, Leningrad) - Russian historian and sociologist. Since 1910 - corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (since 1917 - Russian Academy of Sciences), since 1929 - honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Encyclopedic YouTube

1 / 3

✪ 2001184 Ocherk 01 Audiobook. Kareev N. I. "The General Course of World History"

✪ Social psychology. Sociological doctrine of Kareev.

✪ 2000115_Glava_1_Audiobook. Solovyov Sergey Mikhailovich. History of Russia since ancient times. Volume 1

Subtitles

Biography

“My grandfather on my father’s side (his name was Vasily Eliseevich) was a general and served as a regimental commander when he died back in the forties in Moscow, where his wife settled and where in her house on November 24, 1850 I saw the light on my mother’s name day ".

- Kareev N.I. lived and experienced. L., 1990. P.48

N. I. Kareev spent his childhood years in the village of Anosovo, Smolensk province. He studied at the 5th Moscow Gymnasium (until 1869), and in 1873 he graduated from the course in the Faculty of History and Philology of the Moscow University, and initially he chose the Slavic-Russian department and Academician F. I. Buslaev as a scientific adviser, but under the influence of lectures and Seminars V. I. Guerrier in the fourth year moved to the historical department. Left at the university to prepare for a professorship, he was, at the same time, a history teacher at the 3rd Moscow Gymnasium. Having passed the master's exam in 1876, he received a business trip abroad, which he used to write his master's thesis ("Peasants and the peasant question in France in the last quarter of the 18th century." M., 1879), which he defended in 1879. In 1878-1879, at the invitation of the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, N. I. Kareev taught a course in the history of the 19th century as a third-party teacher, and from the autumn of 1879 to the end of 1884 he was an extraordinary professor at Warsaw University, from where he also received a business trip abroad to prepare doctoral dissertation (“Main Issues of the Philosophy of History”, M., 1883). This essay caused a great controversy, to which Kareev responded with a book - “To My Critics”. Warsaw, 1883.

In September 1899, he was fired without a petition for political reasons from the post of professor at St. Petersburg University (he resumed teaching in 1906) and at the Higher Women's Courses, but continued to teach at the Alexander Lyceum. Since 1902, he lectured at the economic department of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. Together with St. Petersburg University, Kareev also left the Committee of the Society for Needy Students. He took an active part in the Union for Mutual Assistance of Russian Writers (1897-1901); in the Union of Higher School Workers, founded in 1905, he was chairman of the "academic commission" that developed the main issues of the structure and life of higher educational institutions and worked on the committee of the literary fund (in 1909 - chairman of the committee), as well as in the department to promote self-education, where from the very beginning he was the actual chairman. From 1904 he was a member of the St. Petersburg City Duma.

On January 8, 1905, he participated in a deputation of ten people (Maxim Gorky, A. V. Peshekhonov, N. F. Annensky, I. V. Gessen, V. A. Myakotin, V. I. Semevsky, K. K. Arseniev, E. I. Kedrin, N. I. Kareev and Gaponite worker D. Kuzin), who appeared before the Minister of Internal Affairs P. D. Svyatopolk-Mirsky demanding the cancellation of some of the military measures being taken. Svyatopolk-Mirsky refused to accept this deputation. Then the deputation came to an appointment with S. Yu. Witte, urging him to take measures so that the tsar would come to the workers and accept the Gapon petition. Witte refused, replying that he did not know the matter at all and that it did not concern him at all. After the events of January 9, 1905, Kareev was subjected to an 11-day confinement in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

In July-August 1914 he was in German captivity for five weeks.

In mid-September 1918, he was arrested with his entire family in Zaitsev (on the estate of his relative O.P. Gerasimov in the Smolensk province), was under house arrest for five days.

On October 18, 1930, he was subjected to unfair criticism by Academician N. M. Lukin at a meeting of the methodological section of the Society of Marxist Historians.

February 18, 1931 - N. I. Kareev died at the age of 81. He was buried at the Smolensk cemetery in Leningrad.

Family

Wife - Sofya Andreevna Linberg (1863-1926), daughter of the famous teacher, author of geography textbooks and compiler of geographical atlases Andrei Leonardovich Linberg (1837-1904).

The All-Russian competition of scientific works of students, graduate students and young scientists in the field of sociology (Russian Sociological Association; Faculty of Sociology, Moscow State University) and St. Petersburg Kareev Readings on Novistika bear the name of Kareev.

Scientific activity

In the work of N. I. Kareev, three themes can be distinguished that echo the works of his teacher, V. I. Guerrier:

French revolution;
Russian-Polish relations;
problems of the philosophy of history.

When he was a student, Kareev collaborated in the Voronezh "Philological Notes" and in "Knowledge", after which he did not stop writing in many journals. Kareev devoted his first major works to the history of the French peasantry (the aforementioned master's thesis and "An Outline of the History of the French Peasantry",).

Other important works by N. I. Kareev:

"Philosophy of the cultural and social history of modern times",
"Monarchies of the Ancient East and the Greco-Roman World"
"Old and new studies on economic materialism"
"The political history of France in the 19th century."
"The General Course of World History"
"Polonica" (collection of articles on Polish affairs).

Essays specially designed for young people:

"Letters to student youth about self-education" (1894)
"Conversations about the development of a worldview"
"Thoughts on the Foundations of Morality"
"Ideals of General Education"
"Choice of faculty and passing the university course"

Notes

Literature

List of works

Kareev N.I. Cosmogonic myth // "Philological notes", Voronezh, 1873
Kareev N.I. Mythological etudes // "Philological notes", Voronezh, 1873
Kareev N.I. Book laws Manu // "Philological notes", Voronezh, 1874
Kareev N.I. About the "new" look" of Mr. Shapiro on the modern system of comparative linguistics. (Objection) // “Philological notes”, Voronezh, 1874
Kareev N.I. Slavs in the most ancient times // “Philological notes”, Voronezh, 1876
Kareev N.I. Races and nationalities from a psychological point of view // Philological Notes, Voronezh, 1876
Kareev N.I. Historical sketch of the Polish Seimas. - M.: Typ. A. I. Mamontova i Co, 1888
Kareev N.I. Western European monarchy XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries. - SPb.: printing house M. M. Stasyulevich, 1908
Kareev N.I. History of Western Europe in Modern Times (in 7 volumes). - SPb.: Printing House I. A. Efron, 1892
Kareev N.I. Monarchies Ancient East and Greco-Roman world. - St. Petersburg, 1908.
Kareev N.I. General course history XIX and XX century before the beginning world war. - M.: Printing House Sytin, 1919
Kareev N.I. Philosophy of the cultural and social history of modern times (1300-1800). Introduction to the history of the XIX century. (Basic concepts, the main generalizations and the most significant results of the history of the XIV-XVIII centuries). - 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg: Type. Stasyulevich, 1902. - 205 p.
Kareev N.I. State-city ancient world: Experience ist. construction polit. and social evolution antique. civil communities. - 3rd ed. - SPb.: Typ. Stasyulevich, 1910. - 362 p. (unavailable link since 21-05-2013 )
Kareev N.I. The essence of the historical process and the role of personality in history. - 2nd ed., s append. - SPb.: Typ. Stasyulevich, 1914. - 574 s.
Kareev N.I. The French Revolution. Pg.: Ed. T-va A. F. Marx. 1918. 476 p. (Appendix to the Niva magazine). The same: M.: State. publ. ist. Library of Russia, 2003. 487 p. (To help a student of history)
Kareev N.I. Historians of the French Revolution. - L .: Kolos, 1924.
Kareev N.I. Fundamentals of Russian sociology. - St. Petersburg: Limbach, 1996. - 368 p.
Kareev N.I. lived and experienced. - L.: LGU, 1990. - 384 p.
Kareev N.I. To the question of the classification of the forms of government in Aristotle's "Politics" // Frontier (almanac of social studies). - 1996. - No. 8-9. - S. 4-11.
Kareev N.I. Fundamentals of Russian sociology // Sociological research. - 1995. - No. 8. - S. 122-129.
Kareev N.I. The Attitude of Historians to Sociology // Frontier (Almanac of Social Research). - 1992. - No. 3. - S. 4-36.
Kareev N.I. Judgment on history (Something about the philosophy of history) / Introductory article and comments by V.P. Zolotarev // Frontier (almanac of social research). - 1991. - No. 1. - S. 6-32.
Kareev N.I. Essay on the history of the reform movement and Catholic reaction in Poland. - M., 1886.
Kareev N.I. Unpublished documents on the history of the Paris sections 1790-1795. - St. Petersburg, 1912.
Kareev N.I. Istorika (Theory of historical knowledge). - St. Petersburg, 1913.
Kareev N.I. Unpublished minutes of the Paris sections of 9 Thermidor II. - St. Petersburg, 1914.
Kareev N.I. General course of world history: Essays on major historical epochs (unavailable link from 21-05-2013 - story , copy) . - Pos. Zaoksky (Tul. region): Source of life, 1993.
Kareev N.I. About Saint-Just / The publication was prepared by Yu. V. Dunaeva // Historical sketches on the French revolution. In memory of V. M. Dalin (on the occasion of his 95th birthday) / Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - M., 1998.
Kareev N.I. Two English revolutions of the 17th century. - M.: State. public ist. Library of Russia, 2002.
Kareev N.I. Textbook of New History. - St. Petersburg: Type. Stasyulevich, 1906.
Kareev N.I. Educational book of the history of the Middle Ages. - St. Petersburg: Type. Stasyulevich, 1905.
Kareev N.I. Educational book of ancient history. - St. Petersburg: Type. Stasyulevich, 1903.
Kareev N.I. lived and experienced. L.: Leningrad University. 1990. 384 p.
Sociology of history Nikolai Kareev: On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth: Interuniversity. collection / Ed. A. O. Boronoev, V. V. Kozlovsky, I. D. Osipov. - SPb.: Publishing house of SPbU, 2000. - 420 s - (Russian sociology; Issue 2).
Weber B. G. The first Russian study of the French bourgeois revolution of the XVIII century. // From the history of socio-political ideas. - M., 1955.
Frolova I. I. The significance of N. I. Kareev’s research for developing the history of the French peasantry in the era of feudalism // Srednie veka. - Issue. 7. - 1955.
Zolotarev V.P. The historical concept of N. I. Kareev: Content and evolution. - L .: Publishing house of Leningrad State University, 1988.
Safronov B. G. N. I. Kareev on the structure of historical knowledge. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow. un-ta, 1995.
Rostislavlev D. A. N. I. Kareev on the Jacobin dictatorship // Historical sketches on the French revolution. In memory of V. M. Dalin (on the occasion of his 95th birthday) / Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - M., 1998.
Classics of Russian sociology (To the 150th anniversary of the birth of N. I. Kareev) // Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. - 2000, volume III. - Issue. 4.
Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev: man, scientist, public figure: Materials of the First All-Russian scientific and theoretical conference dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of N. I. Kareev, Syktyvkar, December 5-6, 2000 / Ed. ed. Zolotarev V.P. - Syktyvkar: Syktyvkar. un-t, 2002.
Khalturin Yu. L. Antipositivist concept historical law N. I. Kareev
Khalturin Yu. L. The structure of historical knowledge according to N. I. Kareev // Sofia: Manuscript Journal of the Society of Adherents of Russian Philosophy / Philos. fak. Ural. state university; Ed. B. V. Emelyanov. - Yekaterinburg: B.I., 2003. - No. 6.
Nikolay Ivanovich Kareev. Bio-bibliographic index (1869-2007) / Comp. V. A. Filimonov. - Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan State University, 2008. - 224 p. ISBN 978-5-98180-567-7
Filimonov V. A. Lecture courses by N. I. Kareev on ancient history // Historian and his business: the fate of scientists and scientific schools. Collection of articles of the International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor Vasily Evgenievich Mayer. - Izhevsk, 2008. - S. 68-75.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev about the national determinant in the history of Russia. // National identity in the problem field of intellectual history. Proceedings of the international scientific conference (Pyatigorsk, April 25-27, 2008). - Stavropol-Pyatigorsk-Moscow: SGU Publishing House, 2008. - S. 81-84.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev: in memoriam (to the publication of little-known biographical materials about the historian) // Stavropol Almanac of the Russian Society of Intellectual History. - Issue. 10. - Stavropol-Pyatigorsk: PSLU, 2008. - S. 408-416.
Filimonov V. A.“Main Issues of the Philosophy of History” and “The Essence of the Historical Process and the Role of the Personality in History” by N. I. Kareev in the reviews of domestic researchers // Theories and methods of historical science: a step into the XXI century. Materials of the international scientific conference. - M ..: IVI RAN, 2008. - S. 286-288.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev in the discussion about the place of classical disciplines in the humanities and education // Formation of a single space of education and science in Russian higher education: history and perspective. Sat. Art. scientific conf., dedicated mem. prof. A. V. Arsenyeva / Ed. ed. L. P. Kurakov - Cheboksary: Chuvash Publishing House. un-ta, 2008. - S. 347-354.
N. I. Kareev and Kazan sociologists // Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. Peer-reviewed Federal scientific and practical. and analyt. well. Kazan, 2008. - No. 6 - S. 115-122.
Myagkov G. P., Filimonov V. A. Kazan scientists in the communicative space of N. I. Kareeva // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. - Ser. Humanite. Sciences. - 2009. - T. 151, book. 2, part 1. - S. 164-173.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev and the First World War: eyewitness view and historian’s reflection // Image of wars and revolutions in historical memory. Mat. int. on-uch. conf. - Pyatigorsk-Stavropol-Moscow: PSLU, 2009. - S. 178-186.
Filimonov V. A. M. S. Kutorga and N. I. Kareev: communicative specificity and difficulties of verification // Dialogue with time. Almanac of Intellectual History - Vol. 30. M.: KRASAND, 2010. - S. 223-235.
Myagkov G. P., Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev in 1899-1906: “leisure discourse” of a historian // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Ser. Humanite. Sciences. - 2010. - T. 152. - Book. 3. - Part 1. - S. 169-178.
Myagkov G. P., Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev and the “thick journals” of his time: in search of “his own” publication // The World of the Historian: Historiographic Collection / Ed. V. P. Korzun, A. V. Yakuba. - Issue 6. - Omsk: Om Publishing House. state un-ta, 2010. - S. 347-366.
Veshninsky Yu. Development of urban history tradition of IM Grevs in domestic science. Supplemented report at the scientific and practical seminar at the IAI RSUH "At the origins of domestic local history, urban studies, excursion studies." - "Municipal power", 2011, No. 5.
Filimonov V. A. Antiquities of the University of Warsaw in the communicative space N. I. Kareeva // Stavropol Almanac of the Russian Society of Intellectual History. - Issue. 12. - Stavropol: Publishing House of SGU, 2011. - S. 229-240.
T. N. Ivanova, A. N. Zarubin. N. I. Kareev and P. N. Ardashev: towards the publication of a forgotten obituary // Dialogue with time. Almanac of Intellectual History, 34, 2011,
Rostovtsev E. A. N. I. Kareev and A. S. Lappo-Danilevsky: from the history of relationships among Petersburg scientists at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. // Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2000. V.III. No. 4. С.105-121

Dolgova E. A." Documentary sources for the scientific biography of the historian N. I. Kareev 1917-1931 // Otechestvennye archives. 2012. No. 2. P. 75-82.
Dolgova E. A. “Unexplored pages of the life of N.I. Kareev // Questions of history. 2012. No. 8. P. 131-137.
Dolgova E. A., Tikhonova A. V. " “The difficult financial situation will have to be reflected in the course of scientific work ...”: the private life of N. I. Kareev 1917-1931. // Motherland. 2012. No. 7. P. 158-160.
Dolgova E. A." From the history of the publication of the work of N. I. Kareev "General methodology of the humanities" // Bulletin of the archivist. 2012. No. 1. P. 239-24.
Veshninsky Yu. Ivan Grevs and urban tradition. Abridged version of the article. - Website "Knowledge-Power", 2012.
Veshninsky Yu. Development of urban history tradition of IM Grevs in domestic science. - "TELEΣCOP", 2013, No. 2 (98).
“My right to write ... I justified on our partnership in science”: the activities of N. I. Kareev in the Committee for Assistance to Russians in Germany. 1914 / prepared. E. A. Dolgova // Historical archive. 2013. No. 3. P.126-136.
Filimonov V. A. The universal discourse of N. I. Kareev as an experience of representing ancient history // Antiquities 2010. Kharkiv Historical and Archaeological Yearbook - Issue. 9 - Kharkiv: Publishing House KhIAO, LLC "NTMT", 2010. - S. 325-332.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev on the Jewish Question in Western Europe and in Russia // The Image of the “Other” in Multicultural Societies. Mat. Intern. scientific conf. 22 - 24 Apr. 2011 - Pyatigorsk-Stavropol-Moscow: PSLU Publishing House, 2011. - S. 430-437.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev on the reception of the ancient cultural heritage in the Middle Ages and modern times // Dialogue with time. Almanac of Intellectual History - Vol. 40. M.: IVI RAN, 2012. - S. 240-257.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev as a gymnasium teacher: comprehension of the profession and communicative practices // Historical work as a phenomenon of culture. Sat. scientific Art. - Issue. 7 - Syktyvkar: Komi Pedagogical Institute, 2012 - S. 66-80.
Filimonov V. A. Ancient scholars - the authors of the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron in the communicative space of N. I. Kareeva // Dialogue with time. Almanac of Intellectual History - Vol. 41. M.: IVI RAN, 2012. - S. 129-164.
Filimonov V. A., Myagkov G. P. The problem of monarchical power and its organization in ancient societies in the political and historical discourse of N. I. Kareeva // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N. I. Lobachevsky. 2013. No. 4. Part 3. S. 161-167.
Filimonov V. A. Russian antiquities in the communicative space of N. I. Kareeva (Section 4.3 in the collective monograph) // Ideas and people: the intellectual culture of Europe in modern times / Ed. L. P. Repina. - M.: Akvilon, 2014. - S. 643-708.
Filimonov V. A. Publishing project as a platform for scientific communication (“History of Europe by epochs and countries in the Middle Ages and Modern Times” edited by N. I. Kareev and I. V. Luchitsky) // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Ser. Humanite. Sciences. - 2014. - T. 156. - Book. 3. - S. 197-206.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev and M. S. Korelin: communication within the Greco-Roman discourse // Dialogue with time. Almanac of Intellectual History - Vol. 49. - M.: IVI, 2014. - S. 138-162.
A scientist in an era of change: N. I. Kareev in 1914-1931: research and materials / author-compiler Dolgova E. A. M.: ROSSPEN, 2015. 512 p.

KAREEV Nikolai Ivanovich, Russian historian and sociologist; Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1910), Honorary Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929). He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University (1873), a student of V. I. Guerrier. Professor of Warsaw (1879-1884) and St. Petersburg (since 1886) universities, taught at Bestuzhev courses (since 1886). One of the organizers and permanent leader of the Historical Society at St. Petersburg University. In 1899, after student unrest, together with a group of professors, he was fired for "political unreliability" from St. Petersburg University and from the Bestuzhev courses, where he resumed teaching only in 1906. Member of the 1st State Duma (1906), member of the Cadets faction.

Widespread fame in Russia and abroad was brought to Kareev by his historical works “Peasants and the Peasant Question in France in the Last Quarter of the 18th Century.” (1879), "Essay on the history of the French peasants from ancient times to 1789" (1881). Among the numerous works of Kareev are fundamental studies on the history of the French Revolution of the 18th century, the history of Poland, "The History of Western Europe in Modern Times" (volumes 1-7, 1892-1917), popular courses on ancient, medieval and modern history used in Russia as gymnasium textbooks, works on the methodology of history, etc. Kareev was the editor of the historical department of the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron. He took an active part in the controversy of various trends and schools of social thought in the 2nd half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, becoming the largest historiographer of pre-revolutionary Russian sociology.

The theoretical views of Kareev were formed under the influence of the positivism of O. Comte, "subjective sociology" of P. L. Lavrov, N. K. Mikhailovsky, S. N. Yuzhakov. According to Kareev, sociology as a "general abstract science of the nature and genesis of society" is a "nomological" (legislative) science, while history is a "phenomenological" science that studies specific combinations of past events. Social phenomena have a psychic basis, they arise as a result of the spiritual and emotional-volitional interaction of individuals. Kareev focuses on the relationship between the individual as a "source" of cultural creativity, innovation, and the social environment that limits and normalizes human actions. The general positivist anti-metaphysical setting of Kareev's methodology was combined with the idea of the impossibility of eliminating the "subjective element" (a scientist's worldview, moral assessments, etc.) from the research practice of the social sciences. Acting as a critic of the Marxist theory of society and recognizing its partial correctness, Kareev noted the limitations of any monistic explanatory models of social life, considering their claims to intellectual exclusivity unfounded. Remaining in Soviet Russia after 1917, Kareev nurtured the idea of a theoretical synthesis of Marxist economism and the psychologism of the "subjective school".

Cit.: Basic questions of the philosophy of history. M.; SPb., 1883-1890. T. 1-3; To my critics. Warsaw, 1884; Letters to student youth about self-education. SPb., 1894; Historical-philosophical and sociological studies. SPb., 1895; Old and new studies on economic materialism. SPb., 1896; Introduction to the study of sociology. SPb., 1897; General course of world history. Essays on the most important historical epochs. SPb., 1903. Zaoksky, 1993; Polonica. Collection of articles on Polish affairs (1881-1905). St. Petersburg, 1905; General course of the history of the XIX century. SPb., 1910; Theory of historical knowledge. SPb., 1913; Historiology (Theory of the historical process). P., 1915; The French Revolution. P., 1918. M., 2003; General foundations of sociology. P., 1919; Historians of the French Revolution. L., 1924-1925. T. 1-3; Two English revolutions of the 17th century. P., 1924. M., 2002; lived and experienced. L., 1990; Fundamentals of Russian sociology. SPb., 1996.

Lit .: Zolotarev V.P. The historical concept of N.I. Kareev: Content and evolution. L., 1988; Safronov B. G. N. I. Kareev on the structure of historical knowledge. M., 1995; Sociology of History N. Kareeva. St. Petersburg, 2000; N. I. Kareev: man, scientist, public figure. Syktyvkar, 2002.

Biography

Born in Moscow

“My grandfather on my father’s side (his name was Vasily Eliseevich) was a general and served as a regimental commander when he died back in the forties in Moscow, where his wife settled and where in her house on November 24, 1850 I saw the light on my mother’s name day ".

- Kareev N.I. lived and experienced. L., 1990. P.48

N. I. Kareev spent his childhood years in the village of Anosovo, Smolensk province. He studied at the 5th Moscow Gymnasium (until 1869), and in 1873 he graduated from the course at the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University, and initially he chose the Slavic-Russian department and F.I. Buslaev as a supervisor, but under the influence of lectures and seminars V. I. Guerrier in the fourth year moved to the department of history. Left at the university to prepare for a professorship, he was, at the same time, a history teacher at the 3rd Moscow gymnasium. Having passed the master's exam in 1876, he received a business trip abroad, which he used to write his master's thesis ("Peasants and the peasant question in France in the last quarter of the 18th century." M., 1879), which he defended in 1879. In 1878-1879, at the invitation of the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, N. I. Kareev taught a course in the history of the 19th century as a third-party teacher, and from the autumn of 1879 to the end of 1884 he was an extraordinary professor at Warsaw University, from where he also received a business trip abroad to prepare doctoral dissertation (“Main Issues of the Philosophy of History”, M., 1883). This essay caused a great controversy, to which Kareev responded with a book - “To My Critics”. Warsaw, 1883.

In September 1899, he was fired without a petition for political reasons from the post of professor at St. Petersburg University (he resumed teaching in 1906) and at the Higher Courses for Women, but continued to teach at the Alexander Lyceum. Since 1902, he lectured at the economic department of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. Together with St. Petersburg University, Kareev also left the Committee of the Society for Needy Students. He took an active part in the Mutual Assistance Union of Russian Writers (1897-1901); in the Union of Higher School Workers, founded in 1905, he was chairman of the "academic commission" that developed the main issues of the structure and life of higher educational institutions and worked on the committee of the literary fund (in 1909 - chairman of the committee), as well as in the department to promote self-education, where from the very beginning he was the actual chairman. From 1904 he was a member of the St. Petersburg City Duma.

January 8, 1905 participated in a deputation of ten people (Maxim Gorky, A. V. Peshekhonov, N. F. Annensky, I. V. Gessen, V. A. Myakotin, V. I. Semevsky, K. K. Arseniev , E. I. Kedrin, N. I. Kareev and the Gaponite worker D. Kuzin), who appeared before the Minister of Internal Affairs P. D. Svyatopolk-Mirsky demanding the cancellation of some of the military measures being taken. Svyatopolk-Mirsky refused to accept this deputation. Then the deputation came to an appointment with S. Yu. Witte, urging him to take measures so that the tsar would come to the workers and accept the Gapon petition. Witte refused, replying that he did not know the matter at all and that it did not concern him at all. After the events of January 9, 1905, Kareev was subjected to an 11-day imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

In July-August 1914 he was in German captivity for five weeks.

In mid-September 1918, he was arrested with his entire family in Zaitsev (Smolensk province), was under house arrest for five days.

On October 18, 1930, he was subjected to unfair criticism at a meeting of the methodological section of the Society of Marxist Historians.

February 18, 1931 - N. I. Kareev died at the age of 81. He was buried at the Smolensk cemetery in Leningrad.

Family

Wife - Sofya Andreevna Linberg (1863-1926), daughter of the famous teacher, author of geography textbooks and compiler of geographical atlases Andrei Leonardovich Linberg (1837-1905).

The name of N. I. Kareev is the All-Russian Competition. N. I. Kareev scientific works of students, graduate students and young scientists in the field of sociology (Russian Sociological Association; Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University) and St. Petersburg Kareev Readings in Novistika.

Scientific activity

In the work of N. I. Kareev, three themes can be distinguished that echo the works of his teacher, V. I. Guerrier:

French revolution;
Russian-Polish relations;
problems of the philosophy of history.

When he was a student, Kareev collaborated in the Voronezh "Philological Notes" and in "Knowledge", after which he did not stop writing in many magazines. Kareev devoted his first major works to the history of the French peasantry (the aforementioned master's thesis and "An Outline of the History of the French Peasantry",).
During his stay in Warsaw, he took up Polish history, which resulted in the appearance of several books and articles on this subject (“The Fall of Poland in Historical Literature”, “Outline of the History of the Reformation Movement and Catholic Reaction in Poland”, “Historical Outline of the Polish Sejm” , ; “Polish reforms of the 18th century”, ; “Causes de la chute de la Pologne”, , etc.); some of these writings appeared in Polish translations.
The third category of Kareev's works is " Fundamental Issues in the Philosophy of History" (2nd ed.), the third volume of which was published under the title "The Essence of the Historical Process and the Role of the Personality in History" (), as well as a number of historical, philosophical and sociological journal articles ( some of them are collected in the book "Historical-philosophical and sociological studies", 1895). Kareev was one of the first to make an attempt to comprehend the historical development of sociology in Russia, paying attention to the patterns of this branch of social knowledge, due not only to global trends, but also exclusively specific to Russia.

Author of the course "History of Western Europe in modern times" (vols. 1-7, 1892-1917). In 1911-15 he began to develop the history of the Parisian revolutionary sections. In 1924-25 he published the 3-volume work Historians of the French Revolution, the first comprehensive review of the historiography of the Great French Revolution, not only in Russian, but also in foreign literature.

He was the editor of the department of general history of the ESBE. He invited his teacher V. I. Guerrier to write articles for the dictionary.

Other important works by N. I. Kareev:

"Philosophy of the cultural and social history of modern times",
"Monarchies of the Ancient East and the Greco-Roman World"
"Introduction to the Study of Sociology"
"Old and new studies on economic materialism"
"The political history of France in the 19th century."
"The General Course of World History"
"Polonica" (collection of articles on Polish affairs).

Essays specially designed for young people:

"Letters to student youth about self-education" (1894)
"Conversations about the development of a worldview"
"Thoughts on the Foundations of Morality"
"Thoughts on the essence of social activity"
"Ideals of General Education"
"Choice of faculty and passing the university course"

Notes

Literature

List of works

Kareev N.I. Cosmogonic myth // "Philological Notes", Voronezh, 1873
Kareev N.I. Mythological studies // "Philological Notes", Voronezh, 1873
Kareev N.I. The Book of Laws of Manu // Philological Notes, Voronezh, 1874
Kareev N.I. About Mr. Shapiro's "new look" on the modern system of comparative linguistics. (Objection) // Philological Notes, Voronezh, 1874
Kareev N.I. Slavs in ancient times // Philological Notes, Voronezh, 1876
Kareev N.I. Races and nationalities from a psychological point of view // Philological Notes, Voronezh, 1876
Kareev N.I. Historical sketch of the Polish Sejm. - M.: Type. A. I. Mamontova & Co., 1888
Kareev N.I. Western European monarchy of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. - St. Petersburg: printing house of M. M. Stasyulevich, 1908
Kareev N.I. History of Western Europe in Modern Times (in 7 volumes). - St. Petersburg: Printing house of I. A. Efron, 1892
Kareev N.I. Monarchies of the Ancient East and the Greco-Roman world. - St. Petersburg, 1908.
Kareev N.I. General course of the history of the 19th and 20th centuries until the beginning of the World War. - M.: Sytin Printing House, 1919
Kareev N.I. Philosophy of the cultural and social history of modern times (1300-1800). Introduction to the history of the XIX century. (Basic concepts, the main generalizations and the most significant results of the history of the XIV-XVIII centuries). - 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg: Type. Stasyulevich, 1902. - 205 p.
Kareev N.I. State-city of the ancient world: Experience ist. building a policy. and social evolution of antiquity. civil communities. - 3rd ed. - St. Petersburg: Type. Stasyulevich, 1910. - 362 p.
Kareev N.I. The essence of the historical process and the role of personality in history. - 2nd ed., with added. - St. Petersburg: Type. Stasyulevich, 1914. - 574 p.
Kareev N.I. Historians of the French Revolution. - L .: Kolos, 1924.
Kareev N.I. Fundamentals of Russian sociology. - St. Petersburg: Limbach, 1996. - 368 p.
Kareev N.I. lived and experienced. - L.: LGU, 1990. - 384 p.
Kareev N.I. To the question of the classification of the forms of government in Aristotle's "Politics" // Frontier (almanac of social studies). - 1996. - No. 8-9. - S. 4-11.
Kareev N.I. Fundamentals of Russian sociology // Sociological research. - 1995. - No. 8. - S. 122-129.
Kareev N.I. The Attitude of Historians to Sociology // Frontier (Almanac of Social Research). - 1992. - No. 3. - S. 4-36.
Kareev N.I. Judgment on history (Something about the philosophy of history) / Introductory article and comments by V.P. Zolotarev // Frontier (almanac of social research). - 1991. - No. 1. - S. 6-32.
Kareev N.I. Essay on the history of the reform movement and Catholic reaction in Poland. - M., 1886.
Kareev N.I. Unpublished documents on the history of the Paris sections 1790-1795. - St. Petersburg, 1912.
Kareev N.I. Istorika (Theory of historical knowledge). - St. Petersburg, 1913.
Kareev N.I. Unpublished minutes of the Paris sections of 9 Thermidor II. - St. Petersburg, 1914.
Kareev N.I. The General Course of World History: Essays on the Major Epochs of History. - Pos. Zaoksky (Tul. region): Source of life, 1993.
Kareev N.I. About Saint-Just / The publication was prepared by Yu. V. Dunaeva // Historical sketches on the French revolution. In memory of V. M. Dalin (on the occasion of his 95th birthday) / Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - M., 1998.
Kareev N.I. Two English revolutions of the 17th century. - M.: State. public ist. Library of Russia, 2002.

Bibliography

// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Gnatyuk O. L. Russian political thought at the beginning of the 20th century: N. I. Kareev, P. B. Struve, I. A. Ilyin. - St. Petersburg, 1994. - 125 p.
Pogodin S. N."Russian school" of historians: N. I. Kareev, I. V. Luchitsky, M. M. Kovalevsky. - St. Petersburg, 1997. - 377 p.
Sociology of history Nikolai Kareev: On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth: Interuniversity. collection / Ed. A. O. Boronoev, V. V. Kozlovsky, I. D. Osipov. - SPb.: Publishing house of SPbU, 2000. - 420 s - (Russian sociology; Issue 2).
Weber B. G. The first Russian study of the French bourgeois revolution of the XVIII century. // From the history of socio-political ideas. - M., 1955.
Frolova I. I. The significance of N. I. Kareev’s research for developing the history of the French peasantry in the era of feudalism // Srednie veka. - Issue. 7. - 1955.
Zolotarev V.P. The historical concept of N. I. Kareev: Content and evolution. - L .: Publishing house of Leningrad State University, 1988.
Safronov B. G. N. I. Kareev on the structure of historical knowledge. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow. un-ta, 1995.
Rostislavlev D. A. N. I. Kareev about the Jacobin dictatorship // Historical sketches on the French revolution. In memory of V. M. Dalin (on the occasion of his 95th birthday) / Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - M., 1998.
Classics of Russian sociology (To the 150th anniversary of the birth of N. I. Kareev) // Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. - 2000, volume III. - Issue. 4.
Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev: man, scientist, public figure: Materials of the First All-Russian scientific and theoretical conference dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of N. I. Kareev, Syktyvkar, December 5-6, 2000 / Ed. ed. Zolotarev V.P. - Syktyvkar: Syktyvkar. un-t, 2002.
Khalturin Yu. L. Antipositivist conception of historical law by N. I. Kareev
Khalturin Yu. L. The structure of historical knowledge according to N. I. Kareev // Sofia: Manuscript Journal of the Society of Zealots of Russian Philosophy / Philos. fak. Ural. state university; Ed. B. V. Emelyanov. - Yekaterinburg: B.I., 2003. - No. 6.
Nikolay Ivanovich Kareev. Bio-bibliographic index (1869-2007) / Comp. V. A. Filimonov. - Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan State University, 2008. - 224 p. ISBN 978-5-98180-567-7
Filimonov V. A. Lecture courses by N. I. Kareev on ancient history // Historian and his business: the fate of scientists and scientific schools. Collection of articles of the International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor Vasily Evgenievich Mayer. - Izhevsk, 2008. - S. 68-75.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev about the national determinant in the history of Russia. // National identity in the problem field of intellectual history. Proceedings of the international scientific conference (Pyatigorsk, April 25-27, 2008). - Stavropol-Pyatigorsk-Moscow: SGU Publishing House, 2008. - S. 81-84.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev: in memoriam (to the publication of little-known biographical materials about the historian) // Stavropol Almanac of the Russian Society of Intellectual History. - Issue. 10. - Stavropol-Pyatigorsk: PSLU, 2008. - S. 408-416.
Filimonov V. A.“Main Issues of the Philosophy of History” and “The Essence of the Historical Process and the Role of the Personality in History” by N. I. Kareev in the reviews of domestic researchers // Theories and methods of historical science: a step into the XXI century. Materials of the international scientific conference. - M ..: IVI RAN, 2008. - S. 286-288.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev in the discussion about the place of classical disciplines in the humanities and education // Formation of a single space of education and science in Russian higher education: history and perspective. Sat. Art. scientific conf., dedicated mem. prof. A. V. Arsenyeva / Ed. ed. L. P. Kurakov - Cheboksary: Chuvash Publishing House. un-ta, 2008. - S. 347-354.
N. I. Kareev and Kazan sociologists // Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. Peer-reviewed Federal scientific and practical. and analyt. well. Kazan, 2008. - No. 6 - S. 115-122.
Myagkov G. P., Filimonov V. A. Kazan scientists in the communicative space of N. I. Kareeva // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. - Ser. Humanite. Sciences. - 2009. - T. 151, book. 2, part 1. - S. 164-173.
Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev and the First World War: eyewitness view and historian’s reflection // Image of wars and revolutions in historical memory. Mat. int. on-uch. conf. - Pyatigorsk-Stavropol-Moscow: PSLU, 2009. - S. 178-186.
Filimonov V. A. M. S. Kutorga and N. I. Kareev: communicative specificity and difficulties of verification // Dialogue with time. Almanac of Intellectual History - Vol. 30. M.: KRASAND, 2010. - S. 223-235.
Myagkov G. P., Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev in 1899-1906: “leisure discourse” of a historian // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Ser. Humanite. Sciences. - 2010. - T. 152. - Book. 3. - Part 1. - S. 169-178.
Myagkov G. P., Filimonov V. A. N. I. Kareev and the “thick journals” of his time: in search of “his own” publication // The World of the Historian: Historiographic Collection / Ed. V. P. Korzun, A. V. Yakuba. - Issue 6. - Omsk: Om Publishing House. state un-ta, 2010. - S. 347-366.
Filimonov V. A. Antiquities of the University of Warsaw in the communicative space N. I. Kareeva // Stavropol Almanac of the Russian Society of Intellectual History. - Issue. 12. - Stavropol: Publishing House of SGU, 2011. - S. 229-240.
T. N. Ivanova, A. N. Zarubin. N. I. Kareev and P. N. Ardashev: towards the publication of a forgotten obituary // Dialogue with time. Almanac of Intellectual History, 34, 2011,

Links

Profile of Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Nikolaĭ Ivanovich Kareev - books by N. I. Kareev at the Internet Archive
Dolgova E.A. Social and domestic contours of N.I. Kareev in 1917-1931. . Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
Rostislavlev D. A."N. I. Kareev about the Jacobin dictatorship »
Kareev's works on the history of the Great French Revolution
List of works by V. A. Filimonov, including about 50 works about N. I. Kareev

Deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Empire from the St. Petersburg province
I convocation	Vinaver *Kareev* Kedrin Nabokov Petrazhitsky Petrunkevich Bystrov Kolpakov Lomshakov
II convocation	Aleksinsky I. V. Gessen Cutler G. S. Petrov Struve V. M. Gessen Leppyanen I. A. Petrov
III convocation	Von Anrep Von Kruse Poletaev Smirnov Trifonov
IV convocation	Baryshnikov Badaev Evseev Zinoviev Posnikov
Italicized deputies directly from the city of St. Petersburg

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Kareev, Nikolai Ivanovich" is in other dictionaries:

- (1850 1931) historian, philosopher, sociologist. Graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University (1873); prof. Warsaw (1879 84), then St. Petersburg, universities (since 1886, with a break between 1899 1906 due to dismissal ... ... Encyclopedia of Sociology

Historian; genus. in 1850; studied at the 5th Moscow gymnasium and graduated from the course at the Faculty of History and Philology of the Moscow Univ. in 1873. Left at the university to prepare for a professorship, he was together with that teacher ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Kareev, Nikolai Ivanovich historian. Born in 1850; Graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University. Even when he was a student, Kareev collaborated in the Voronezh Philological Notes and in Knowledge; his first printed ... ... Biographical Dictionary

- (1850 1931) Russian historian, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1925; corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1910, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1917), honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929). Proceedings on the agrarian history of France, 2nd half. 18th century, French history ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Russian historian. In 1879‒84 he was a professor at the Warsaw and then St. Petersburg Universities. Since 1910, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy, since 1929 an honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1873 he graduated from the Moscow ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (1850 1931), historian, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1910), Russian Academy of Sciences (1917), USSR Academy of Sciences (1925), honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929). Works on the agrarian history of France in the second half of the 18th century, the history of the French Revolution at the end of the 18th century; new course... encyclopedic Dictionary

Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev Date of birth: December 6, 1850 Place of birth: Moscow Date of death: February 18, 1931 Place of death: Leningrad Citizenship ... Wikipedia