What does the letter b look like. "Entertaining alphabet"

>>Russian language Grade 2 >>Russian language: Separating soft sign (ь)

Separating soft character (ь)

The role and meaning of the soft sign in Russian

Today in the Russian language lesson we will study a special letter, which is called a soft sign. Such a letter as a soft sign does not have and does not designate any sound, but its role is to indicate the softness of consonant sounds in writing.

For example: bathhouse, stranded, coal, seal, laziness, sorry, horse.

But, besides the fact that the soft sign is an indicator of the softness of consonant sounds, it can also be divisive.

And so, now we can summarize and conclude that such a letter as a soft sign is used in Russian:

To soften the preceding consonant;
As a delimiter;
To denote certain grammatical forms.

We have already determined when it is necessary to write a soft sign in words to soften consonants. And now let's try to deal with the separating soft sign and find out why the soft sign is also called separating, in which cases the soft sign is separating, and how words with a separating soft sign are written.

In order to better understand this topic and understand the difference between a soft sign, which serves to soften consonant sounds and a separating soft sign, let's try to consider this issue with an example.

For example: Seed and family

Read these words carefully. Now pay attention to how the last syllable in the first word sounds - seed. In this word “seed”, the sound [m "] has a soft sound, since the letter I gives it softness, and the vowel and consonant are pronounced together in this syllable.

Now let's look at the next word. The word "family" is [sem "ya]. In this case, we see that the consonant and the vowel following it are pronounced separately. Such a separate pronunciation between a vowel and a consonant in writing is indicated by a soft sign, which is called a separating soft sign.

For example: Kolya - stakes, salt - salt, flight - will pour.

Therefore, we can already conclude that the separating soft sign indicates that the consonant and vowel are pronounced separately.

Rules for writing a separating soft sign

Separating b (soft sign) is written:

First, in the middle of a word before vowels: e, e, u, i. For example: blizzard, terrier, monkey, health, underwear, leaves.

Secondly, in words of foreign origin before the letter O. For example: champignons, postman, broth.

Thirdly, a dividing soft sign is written in the roots of words, after consonants. For example: December, barley, sparrows, steppe, night.

Also, it must be remembered that the separating soft sign is never written:

First, at the beginning of the word;
Secondly, after prefixes.

And now let's take a closer look at the picture and try to compare the difference between the soft sign, which serves to soften the consonant and the dividing soft sign:

Homework

1. Read carefully the words with a soft sign and first write down only those for which the soft sign acts as an indicator of softness, and then the words with a separating soft sign.

Moth, dress, family, skates, day, chairs, wool, streams, stakes, ice-hole, laziness, despondency, housing, friends, bathhouse, health, jelly, coat, autumn, letter, downpour, computer, corduroy, Daria, happiness, joy, sadness.

2. Choose antonyms for these words and tell me what role the soft sign plays in them?

Purity, boredom, work, harm, light, enemies, sugar.

3. Write the words in the plural:

Friend, leaf, wing, bough, log, tree.

4. When writing a separating sign, what sound do you hear in words?
5. Solve the crossword.

Crossword questions:

1. What is another name for a snowstorm?
2. Where do bees live?
3. Dad, mom, I am friendly ....
4. An animal that loves to climb trees.
5. Carlson's favorite treat.

"b" Letter R turned over - Turned around with a soft sign.

Soft sign, soft sign -

Hello my dear readers!

Rubric learn letters, we continue to get acquainted with the letters, and these are not even letters, but signs "b" and "b"(soft sign and hard sign). And these signs can be found in the middle and at the end of words, but you will not find words starting with these signs. Consider the letters with your child, think about what they look like, find the difference in them. Pick up words with a soft sign and pronounce them with a hard one with the child, let the op feel the difference in pronunciation.

I think it will help you practical material chosen by me: art word, children love funny rhymes and quickly remember them, games- this is a favorite pastime for kids, well, of course, guessing crosswords, children like it too.

Signs "b" and "b"

Merry Poems

"b" The squirrel bent its tail, The stump rested. She fluffed her tail, yes so - Became like a soft sign! E. Tarlapan A soft sign is a cunning sign. Don't name him. It doesn't pronounce But the word is often asked. Why does the house have a corner Turned into coal No fire, just like that? This is a soft sign. Everything is shorter than our shadow, It means the day is coming soon. The shadow grows, goes away This means it will be night soon. The blizzard whips this way and that, It hits in the face with loose grain, Very hard and prickly Despite the soft sign.

"b" A hoisting crane drove up to the construction site. The hoisting crane is a huge strong man. The wolf is terribly angry - He can't eat the food. Hedgehog, although it is edible, Inconvenient for eating: Shrinking, put out the needles - Killed the bad wolf. Go around the whole planet There is no animal with a firm sign. Maybe somewhere on Venus Are the animals prowling with a firm sign? Solid separating sign, He is strict, reasonable, And walks in a black tailcoat And a cap on one side, Opponent of every fight Silent night and day. Some kind of strange Solid mark... I don't understand him at all.

"b" A soft sign lives carelessly, He walks forever without a cap. A stubborn solid sign He wears a cap - that's the only way. Let's draw a soft sign Gently drop like this: A droplet will soften the letter - The word is soft. A. Shibaev I am a magician. I want - I will appear and transform Chalk used for writing at school Aground, dangerous at sea. Who is the magician - guess This letter is a soft sign. Everyone knows this letter: Sound does not mean Can only show

"b" Let's scoop up water with a ladle, eat soup, drink some tea. G. Vieru Everyone knows without a clue: A solid sign as a key to a fairy tale. We never have it Will not take Karabas. V. Stepanov Leaning on a long tail In the circus, the cobra stood up: - Shhhhhh... I don't threaten you I depict a solid sign. E. Tarlapan – How do we write a solid sign? - We write a solid sign like this: Wheel and match, pigtail behind. Silent solid sign Not pronounced at all! But many words need it, You will have to teach him. Do you want - do not want It's in the alphabet! A. Potapova

Proverbs and sayings

I want to eat fish

I don't want to get into the water.

Games

And gra "Who is attentive?".

1. According to the last sounds of words table, window, goose- Make up a new word.

Answer: Elk.

2. What is common in words: linen, coat, monkey, gun, dust?

3. What is common in the names of these items: entrance, announcement, lifting (crane), edible, eat?

The game "Who is more?".

1. Think of words in which one sound is indicated by two letters. (Salt, day, horse, shadow.)

The game "Ladder".

1. Soft sign "b". 2. Solid sign "b".

– – – b – b – – –

– – – – b – – b – – –

– – – – – b – – – b – – –

Possible answer. Possible answer:

elk, deer, horse. congress, detour, entrance.

Game "Entertaining models".

Make up words according to the following patterns:

1. – – – b ( Horse, elk, stranded.)

2. – – – b – – ( Coat, letter, skates.)

3. – ъ – – – ( Exit, entry, ate.)

4. – – – ъ – – – ( Entrance, driveway.)

The game "The word crumbled."

Gather the scattered words:

1. Yuviag ( winter storm), pour ( stranded).

2. Lies ( ate), zi'nya ( flaw).

Game "Finish the word."

1. Beech ... (- var), tet ... (- for the sake of), layer ... (- var), yan ... (- var), Feb…
(-ral), honey ... (- after all),

2. Volume ... (- rides, -ekt, -em, -unity, -phenomenon, -clarification), lift ... (- rides,
-eat), connector ... (- rides, -emny, -arenny, -clarify).

The game "Transformation of words."

1. What letter in the word bone need to be replaced to get the name of the desired person in the house? ( Guest.)

2. What letter do you need to add to injection turned into coal?
(Soft sign.)

3. We will always be where necessary,

Insert a soft sign into words,

To ferret would not chorus,

Stakes – rut never.

Insert a soft sign to form new words: Kolya ( stakes), foam ( hemp), ate ( spruce), seed ( family), chorus ( ferret), say ( mole).

4. What letter should be added to the word sat down to get a word denoting the end of a meal? ( Solid sign - ate.)

5. Which letter should be added and which should be subtracted from the word seven to make a word eat? (Hard sign to add, soft sign to take away.)

The game "Tell me a word."

He sleeps in a hole in the long winter, But as soon as the sun begins to warm, On the way for honey and raspberries Heading off… (bear). They have a very strange look: Dad has curls in a wave, And my mother has a haircut. Why is she offended? Gets angry often For all mother ... (lioness). We are happy to overtake each other. You look, my friend, do not fall! Good then, easy Fleet… (skates).

A huge cat will flash behind trunks, Eyes are golden and ears with tassels. But it's not a cat, watch out Goes hunting insidious ... (lynx). Red cat gnaws a tree The tree gnaws, lives happily. And he will drink water, hiss, die. Don't touch him with your hand This red cat... (the fire).

Game "Grammatical arithmetic".

1. Tire - a + spruce \u003d? ( Overcoat.)

2. Karakul - sack + stranded =? ( Caramel.)

3. Soda - yes + pain =? ( Sable.)

The game "Always small".

Answer the question asked in the poem

Answer: "Y", "b", "b".

Crosswords

1. Identical syllables in words with "b" and "b".

O n e t: syllable - rides; syllables - et or - ut.

2. Words with "b".

1. Small bathing area. 2. Way of movement.

3. Bright illumination of the sky horizon. 4. Drawing on bone, wood.

5. Share, fate, chance.

Answer: bathhouse, walking, dawn, carving, fate

3. Add letters.

Answer: zero, salt, role, mole, pain, roofing felt, dust, true story.

4. Words with "b" and "b".

1. Large side branches of a tree. 2. Climbing plant.

3. The main weapon of the hunter. 4. Any object.

5. Humanoid animal. 6. Assembly.

Answer: branches, bindweed, gun, object, monkey, congress.

Riddles

Ladle, ladle and ladle.

Download -

The presentation includes videos about letters, poems, slides with written letters, coloring books.

On the 2nd slide there is a video about a solid mark. We draw the attention of the child to the fact that b does not mean any sound. It is placed after the consonant letter, before the vowels e, e, u, i.

On slide 3 is a poem about what the letter looks like. Let the child come up with their own version. Write a letter in the album, draw to the image.

On the 4th slide is a riddle poem. The child completes the missing words and finds words with a solid sign in the riddle.

On slide 5 there is a small poem that you can repeat from memory and find words with b. Print out the coloring page, shade the letter.

On the 7th slide there is a video about a soft sign. Pay attention to the child that b does not mean any sound. Make a sound analysis of the words “shadow” and “day”. These words have three sounds, but 4 letters. We put b at the end to show that the consonant is soft.

What does the letter b look like? On the 8th slide one of the options. Come up with your options. Write down the letter in the album, draw to the image.

Read the poem on slide 9. Find words with b. Match with pictures.

Read the poem on slide 9. How many times does b occur? Pay attention to the word "pouring". In this word, b has a different role - it separates the vowel from the consonant. The dividing soft sign is written after the consonant, before the vowels e, e, u, i, and.

The letters "b" and "b" do not represent any sound. “b” shows that the consonant in front of him is soft (for example, in the words horse, day, skates, days). Also, “b” and “b” can separate a consonant and a vowel (for example, in the words eat, entrance, family, pours).

Tinting of apartments and offices, window tinting of buildings. The main advantage of window tinting in buildings is increased safety. Special films with anti-vandal properties give the windows increased strength. Another plus is maintaining the required air temperature in the building. Tinted windows keep the heat inside the building in winter, and prevent the penetration of sunlight in summer. Our company, thanks to modern technologies, carries out window tinting at any time of the year, since the film is applied to the inside of the glass. Window tinting will not be afraid of temperature changes and high humidity.

Alenkina Olga Arnoldovna, Volzhsky, Volgograd region

Letter b

Name the letter, circle the written and printed letters

b

Phonetic charging

What letter must be added to turn the corner into coal?

(Soft sign - b)

What does the letter look like b ? Read the poems, color the pictures

Let's draw a soft sign

Gently droplet

Like this:

A droplet will soften the letter -

The word is soft.

The soft sign lives carelessly.

He goes without a cap forever.

The squirrel bent its tail

The stump rested.

She spread her tail, yes so -

Became similar

to the soft Sign!

Find a letter b and circle

T BU O M A C H J

S U Z H A N G R Y O L D Y A C H Y U E L

A L O L A L Y U CH T b V Y Y T S W R H

Type a letter b

b b

b b

b b

Cross out the "fourth extra"

7 b 2

The ship was carrying caramel,

The ship ran aground.

And sailors three weeks

They ate caramel aground.

Draw on the pattern b

m

about

l

about

d

e

well

b

R

a

d

about

with

.

.

in

b

Yu

.

.

m

s

.

.

with

in

and

n

.

.

d

about

well

.

.

Guess what's written here. Add letters. Orally make sentences with these words

Type and write the letter:

b

Bibliography

Alyonkina, O.A. Classroom hours for vocational guidance of schoolchildren: textbook.-method. allowance / O.A. Alyonkina; ed. T.V. Chernikova; – M.: Planeta, 2013. – 234 p. - (Educational work).

Volina V.V., Fun grammar. - M.: Knowledge, 1995. - 336 p.

Business time, fun hour: Poems, stories, proverbs, songs, signs / Fig. L. Kuznetsova. – Reissue. – M.: Det. lit., 1988. - 32 p.: ill.

Entertaining alphabet: Book. For the teacher / Compiled by V.V. Volin. – M.: Enlightenment. 1991. - 368 p.

Games in speech therapy work with children. - M., 1987

Proverbs, sayings, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters . A popular guide for parents and educators / Comp. Tarabarina T.I., Elkina N.V. Hood. G. Sokolov, V. Kurov. - Yaroslavl: "Academy of Development", 1998. - 224 p., ill. - (Ser.: "Game, learning, development, entertainment").

Collection of riddles: teacher's guide / Comp. M.T. Karpenko. – M.: Enlightenment, 1988.

Marshak, S.Ya. Cheerful alphabet. –– M., 1986

Electronic media – Wiki. rdf. en

Illustrations by Abutkina N.Yu., Alenkina O.A., Alenkina O.M.

Goals:

1. Get to know the letter b(soft sign). Expand the meaning of the soft sign to indicate the softness of consonants in writing;
2. Improve students' reading skills;
3. Develop the vocabulary of students (when getting acquainted with the history of the emergence of Moscow);
4. Cultivate a sense of pride in their homeland.

Lesson type: lesson learning new material.

Type of lesson: combined.

Teaching method: heuristic conversation.

Teaching methods: informative, stimulating, instructive.

Teaching Methods: reproductive, partially exploratory.

Education methods: expressive presentation, conversation, creative tasks, creation of problem situations, game.

Equipment:

• drawing depicting a soft sign, letter combinations with a soft sign;
• individual mirrors;
• Dictionary;
• drawings depicting deer, elk, fallow deer;
• drawings depicting the Kremlin, the Cathedral, the Tsar Cannon, the Tsar Bell;
• audio recording of O. Gazmanov's song "Moscow";
• attributes for the scene “Old Moscow” (costumes of pedlars, costume of Yuri Dolgoruky);
• postcards depicting the Spasskaya Tower, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, the Assumption Cathedral, etc.

Keywords:

1. Kremlin
2. Red Square
3. Bell tower
4. Cathedral
5. Church

Lesson plan

1. Organizational moment.

2. Acquaintance with a new letter.

2.1 Work in ABC

a) reading letter combinations - consonant letters with a soft sign in columns

b) observation of the pronunciation of these letter combinations

c) reading the 1st column

d) a conversation about the lexical meaning of the words of each pair

2.2 Work in copybook

a) letter letters b

b) letter comparison b with a letter S

c) showing letter letters on the board

d) letter letters b students

e) physical education for fingers

f) work on connections with letters

2.3 Work in the ABC

a) reading the 2nd column

b) sound-letter analysis of the word “moose”

c) reading the 3rd column

d) scene “Pictures of old Moscow”

e) physical education session with an audio recording of O. Gazmanov’s song “Moscow”

f) work with the text “Moscow Kremlin”

3. The result of the lesson.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Smile.

Wish each other a good mood, confidence when meeting a new letter, reading and writing words and texts with this letter.

Warm-up (with individual mirrors)

Let's do gymnastics for the lips and tongue. Take a mirror, clean the upper teeth with the tongue. First outside, then inside. For breakfast, they ate delicious jam, got dirty.

The tongue, like a turkey, went for a walk along the upper lip, sound [a]. The horse is clattering along the pavement, the tip of the tongue is knocking on the palate, and now it is knocking on the teeth, loudly and firmly [d], loudly and softly [d?], dull and hard [t], dull and soft [t?]. What have we said now? (Sounds). What are the sounds? (vowels and consonants). What sounds are called vowels? What sounds are called consonants? Describe the sound [d?]. Think about how the softness of sounds is indicated in writing.

2. Acquaintance with a new letter.

2.1 Working with the ABC:

Today we will get acquainted with a very interesting letter.

A well-known magician lives in his beloved ABC. What's his name?

soft step,

This is a letter ... soft sign (show b)

Do you want to know why he calls himself a magician?

a) Reading letter combinations - consonants with b in columns

Open the ABC (by tab) on page 154.

Read on your own, to yourself, letter combinations of consonants with b in columns.

b) Observation of pronunciation

Reading these letter combinations from the board (in chorus, in a chain)

L BE G

What did you notice?

Conclusion: b does not denote a sound, it is a special letter, it denotes the softness of consonant sounds in writing.

The soft sign is a real magician. Why? Let's read a couple of words.

c) Reading the 1st column on your own

Read the 1st column yourself

What tricks and transformations did you notice?

(Replaced a hard consonant at the end of a word with a soft one.)

Has the meaning and sound of the words changed?

d) A conversation about the lexical meaning of the words of each pair:

Mole - Mole Angle - Coal

Was - Byl Dust - Dust

Kon - Horse

Angle is a geometric figure formed by two rays coming out of one point - the vertex.

Charcoal - in art, a drawing material made from fired thin tree branches or planed sticks.

2.2 Work in copybook:

a) Letter letters b(soft sign)

Let's learn how to write our magician in cursive (p. 35)

b) Comparison of writing a letter b with a letter S, common elements and dimensions

What does the letter look like b?

c) Show letter letters on the board

I draw a soft sign with a gentle drop like this ...

d) Letter letters, learning

Task: circle the letter b in writing; keeping the slope, write down b 5 times (check how the handles are held, posture)

e) Physical education for fingers

f) Work on connections with letters:

How it connects b with letters?

(Bottom or loop - turning in the middle of the letter).

A soft sign boasted that he was the most magical and beautiful among children in copybooks. Who will put this braggart magician in his place? (Assumptions of children).

Some residents of our ABC began to laugh: “We can show tricks even without you. Look, there was ONION, became LUKE, was MAL, became MYAL". So the vowels put Khvastunishka in his place.

Who put the Bouncer in his place? Let's remember which vowels indicate the softness of consonants in writing ( I, E, Yu, E, I).

2.3. Work in the ABC:

a) Reading the 2nd column

Read the words on your own. What did you notice?

Name consonants that sound soft in words:

GOOSE LAZY DEER DOE ELSE

b) Sound-letter analysis of the word “ ELK”

How many syllables in a word ELK?

How many letters?

How many sounds?

Why are there fewer sounds than letters?

(Letter b does not denote a sound, therefore there are more letters in the word than sounds).

Explain the meaning of the word DOES?

(An animal from the deer family).

c) Reading the 3rd column of words (3 + 2 words). Independent reading

Read the key words to the text, find the word denoting the building for worship. (Church, cathedral)

How are these words different? (The cathedral is the main and large church in large cities.)

Is there a church in our city? (Yes) Where is she?

Who goes to church the most? (Orthodox)

In which building in our city do Muslims pray? (In the mosque).

Explain the meaning of the word BELL TOWER.(Tower with bells on the church building).

Explain the meaning of the word KREMLIN.(City fortress in old Russian cities).

Why is the area called Red? (It means beautiful).

Where is she? (We will learn about this in the story).

d) Introductory talk:

Make a guess - What will the text be about?

And which of you guys was in Moscow?

What did you like?

Now I will wave a magic wand and we will be transported many, many years ago, to ancient Moscow ... Do you want to?

Scene “Pictures of old Moscow”.

(Music sounds, 2 boys appear in Russian costumes, with knots on sticks).

Teacher: What are these boys?

Boy 1: I am Ilyushka, and this is my brother Vanyushka. We are going to Moscow to learn a trade. What is Moscow like? Who built? Why did he call it Moscow?

Teacher: You guys and I are on the way. We will also go to this city and find out who founded it, built it and why they called it Moscow?

Fanfares or bells sound. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky enters the stage.

Prince: I am Grand Duke Yuri Dolgoruky. I rode with my retinue from the rich and glorious city of Suzdal. I want to choose a place for an outpost on one of the seven hills near the pine forest. Two rivers joined here. One - Moscow - full-flowing, clean. Another - Neglinka - a narrow forest river.

Teacher: Vigilantes go further through the dense forest, they see - as if thick fog swirls between the trees. It began to thicken and turned into a huge, unprecedented beast: it has three heads, and the skin covered half the sky, it shimmers with different colors. The Grand Duke was not timid - he pulled the reins and rode straight at that beast. Yes, I didn’t get there - a wonderful vision melted like a cloud. The old wise adviser, who was always with the prince, explained the sign in this way: “To be in this place for a great city - it will be great, for the beast is huge, it will be triangular, for the beast is three-headed, and people of different nations will converge there, for its skin is multi-colored” .

Prince: Put, warriors, my fortress here! Surround it with a rampart and a fence. Yes, build oak princely chambers.

Teacher: So did the combatants. And Prince Yuri Dolgoruky ordered in 1147 to write a letter to Prince Svyatoslav: “Come to me, brother, to Moscow.” This year is still considered the year of birth of Moscow. Fortress Moscow stood in the days of peace and war. Merchants, merchants, artisans and glorious warriors gathered in it. Moscow became a big city. Large, but fit all behind the Kremlin oak walls. And under Prince Dmitry Donskoy, walls of white stone rose, and they began to call Moscow Belokamennaya. They began to talk about her: “Moscow is the head of all cities!”

Boy 2: What's ahead behind the white walls? Will we come to Moscow soon?

Teacher: Soon, soon we will arrive in Moscow, but we will not see the white stone walls!

Boy 1: Why?

Teacher: Five hundred years ago, Prince Ivan III ruled Moscow, and the sovereign issued a decree.

Herald: Hey, listen, people of Moscow! Our sovereign, Grand Duke Ivan III, ordered to rebuild the white stone fortress. He decided to build new walls to replace the old, dilapidated, patched ones. The walls are like stone lace, with two-horned battlements and loopholes for guards and archers. And from all sides to raise red stone towers, guards. Yes, such that the evil enemy does not dare to attack our glorious city!

Teacher: Years passed and the Moscow Kremlin became unrecognizable. The walls are strong, durable, up to 6 meters thick. In the depths of them - warehouses with ammunition, secret passages. And they are decorated on top with red stone teeth, two meters high. And behind the walls, in the courtyard, grew rich chambers, towers and cathedrals with golden domes.

Boy 2: We know, now we know why Moscow is called golden-domed.

Teacher: And watch towers grew along with the walls.

A bell ringing sounds, then a lyrical folk song.

Teacher: And on the other side, under the Kremlin walls, there is a trading square - a trading post. Long rows of plank tents, sheds, and stalls stretched out. They traded from carts, or even just from baskets and bags. And they called this area who is the Fire, and who is the Great Bargaining.

Pedlars come out to the Russian melody, beckoning buyers.

The fair opens.

Peddler 1:

Spin, merry round dance!
Come, come, honest people!
Fly, choose, buy!
The fun fair is coming to visit ...

Peddler 2:

Here is fur fluffy, golden!
Here is a gentle - snow-white!
Here is a dark one - modest!
For any parade, take everything in a row!

Peddler 3:

And on our street
They make boxes!
And mugs, pushers,
Spindles and toys.

Fun, fun making the whole village!
And then we go to the market
Paint your wooden goods”
Buy together, who needs what!

It sounds like a fun folk song.

Teacher: Potters also sell their goods here: bowls, jugs, pots, clay whistles and dolls for the amusement of children. Boilermakers offer crockery and decorations. Blacksmiths, blacksmiths! Look how, ringing, they put their goods on the shelves!

The boys sing the song “In the forge”.

Boy 1: What a fair! Never seen one like this!

Boy 2: Here they sell cloth and grain, and furs, and fish! Both domestic and foreign goods.

Teacher: And they called this trading area Red. After all, once in Russia, guys, not only color was called “red”. “Red” meant beautiful, chief, honorary, most expensive!

e) Fizkultminutka (according to the audio recording of O. Gazmanov’s song “Moscow”)

f) Working with the text “Moscow Kremlin”

Independent reading. Questions as you read.

1st paragraph:

What do adults and young children enjoy? (The Cathedrals of the Kremlin, i.e. the main, large church in Moscow, the bell tower of Ivan the Great).

2nd paragraph:

Read the 1st sentence in the 2nd paragraph.

Who remembered the word Kremlin? (City fortress in ancient Russian cities).

How old is Moscow? What were the walls of the Kremlin made of?

What was Moscow called later? Why? (The walls were built of white stone and they began to call Moscow White Stone.)

3rd paragraph:

What does the modern Kremlin look like? (Walls of red brick, there are towers).

What is the oldest tower in the Kremlin? (Taynitskaya tower). Interesting name: compare with the word secret. ( The tower had a hiding place - a well. This cache gave the name to the tower).

Which tower is the most beautiful? What is on it? (Spasskaya Tower. The chimes of the tower clock are heard on the radio every day by people all over the world.)

Why did Moscow need the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon?

The teacher's story about the Tsar Cannon.

Once upon a time there were cannon masters in Moscow. The guns were given names according to the animal that adorned it: "Lion", "Eagle" ... Andrey Chokhov cast the best guns. Together with other craftsmen, he cast a cannon, which world had never seen before. She was very heavy, shot with stone buckshot. They put it on a dais to protect the Spassky Gate from the Crimean Khan and his horde. But the khan did not reach Moscow, and the Chokhov cannon was called the Tsar Cannon for its beauty and size. And it stands in the Kremlin as a monument to skill, not war. (The teacher can talk about the Tsar Bell).

4th paragraph:

Where is Red Square located: in the Kremlin or near the walls of the Kremlin?

Why did Red Square get such a name?

What did Red Square see?

5th paragraph:

Why are the Kremlin and Red Square dear to every inhabitant of Russia? (This is our history).

Tasks and questions after reading:

Consider the drawings on pages 154-155. What is it? Let's take a trip around the Kremlin. I will show postcards depicting memorable historical places, and you will comment on their content. (The teacher shows postcards depicting the Spasskaya Tower, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, the Assumption Cathedral, etc.)

The Kremlin is not all of Moscow. Many squares and streets keep history in their names.

What streets of Moscow do you know? How did the streets come about? You will learn about this by reading the text “Names of Moscow streets”.

Working with the text “Names of Moscow streets”.

Reading the text aloud immediately with commenting as you read:

Reading the 1st paragraph.

I wonder how they lived without streets, lanes?

Here, it turns out, how the first streets appeared in Moscow.

Reading the 2nd paragraph.

List the streets that you remember from the text. Why did they get such names?

What is the name of the main street of Moscow?

What beautiful old names have the streets of Moscow retained?

Lexical meaning of words: craftsmen, potter.

3. The result of the lesson.

What interesting things did you learn about Moscow today?

What word did I think? This word has 1 syllable, 6 letters, 5 sounds (Kremlin).

Why are there more letters? (The soft sign does not form sound)

What is a soft sign for?

What words with a separating soft sign do you remember?

I liked the way you worked. What did you like about the lesson? What did you want to change? What would you like to hear about in the next lesson?