Comma starting from tomorrow. Punctuation

What we love the participial turnover for is its unambiguity. He always separates. Almost. In any case, 90% of school graduates have this fact in their heads.

True, a little later, one of them realizes that not everything is so simple and that there are still cases in which the adverbial turnover is not distinguished by commas.

However, more on that later. Let's remember first how to find the beginning and end of this construction - at least in order not to miss it on occasion.

So, we are looking for a participle - this is the time. We are looking for all the words dependent on it (recall: together with the gerund they form a gerund) - these are two. Well, on three - we throw out this construction from the text. If we have determined the turnover correctly, the meaning of the phrase should not be distorted from this manipulation. Compare: The dog sneezed and with his tail between his legs, got away and The dog sneezed and went away. Some details are gone, but overall the picture remains the same.

Is the adverbial turnover after the union? It's okay - it will be separated by commas according to the general rules: Rabbit bounced and, shorn with ears, bucked like a goat.

The opening comma is not put unless after the union a, but here its absence is fully justified - in these circumstances, the adverbial turnover cannot be removed with impunity: He buzzed like a bumblebee a pretending to be a tiger growled terribly.

If we meet two adverbial turnovers side by side and they are connected by a union and, then the same rule works as for a similar situation with homogeneous members - no comma is put: Walking up and down the street andsmiling at passers-by he was perfectly happy.

These were flowers - the most elementary. And now there will be berries - the cases are more complicated.

Let's take at least a participial turnover with an allied word which: Oh those roses without seeing which You just can't leave here! Did you notice the missing trailing comma? This is a feature of such structures.

Also, the adverbial turnover is not distinguished if it has a well-established, idiomatic meaning: run headlong, roll up your sleeves, wait with bated breath.

And how not to say about such common combinations as starting from? These verbal prepositions are too closely related to gerunds not to mention them. It is believed that constructions with them are isolated in two ways: in one case, they are distinguished by a comma, in the other, they do fine without it.

How not to make a mistake? The secret is to consider the context.

If included in the structure based the gerund retains the meaning of the action someone is doing - the comma is welcome. Compare: He made this conclusion based on an overheard conversation and The plan was developed based on the results of the study. In the last sentence, this combination is used as a preposition (it can be replaced by a preposition, for example on).

If turnover beginning with is clarifying in nature and is not related to the designation of time, we also put a comma: Camel, starting with the muzzle and ending with the tail, was all of himself thoughtful and important. If this combination emphasizes the beginning of the time period, we ignore the comma: We will be back to work from September.

The context must also be taken into account when we are dealing with a construction starting with according to. As a rule, it is isolated. The only exceptions are cases in which this combination is part of the predicate or is closely related to it in meaning: I allow you to act according to the circumstances.

Hello. Tolstoy wrote in "Anna Karenina": "Everything was new, from new French wallpaper to the carpet, which covered the whole room." Now is it correct to say "wallpaper" or "wallpaper"?

This is an obsolete form. Right now: wallpaper.


	Question #277118

Dear Help! Once again I repeat my question.
Can you please tell me whether “starting” in this case is a gerund and, accordingly, whether a comma is needed in the following case:
The draft contract should contain information on how the contracting authority will actually fulfill its obligations (,) from the planning stage to the conclusion and execution of the contract.
Thank you!