Participle violation. Turnover exercises

A violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover is an error that often needs to be determined in. This error can also be defined as " Violation in the construction of a sentence with a separate definition"If the participial turnover comes after the word being defined and is separated by commas, since the participle is a definition. Also, this error can be called " Violation of agreement", Since the word being defined and the participle are related to each other using agreement.

To find an error, you need to be able to find the participle in a sentence, and also know the basic rules:

The participial turnover must be consistent with the word being defined;
The participial turnover should not be removed from the word being defined;
The participial turnover should not be broken into parts by the word being defined.

Violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover: examples of sentences

Let's consider several sentences containing the error "Violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover" and fix them.

Offer:

Eucalyptus oil is a powerful antiseptic, suitable for treating colds and healing wounds.

Participle turnover: suitable for treating colds and healing wounds. It refers to the word "antiseptic", as it stands next to it, although this participial turnover is not consistent with the word "antiseptic", but with the word "oil", which is incorrect. Therefore, you need to put the sacrament in the same form as the noun "antiseptic": what kind of antiseptic? suitable.

Correct option:

Eucalyptus oil is a powerful antiseptic, suitable for treating colds and healing wounds.

Offer:

The striking park in Pavlovsk has long attracted the attention of tourists with its beauty.

Participle turnover: striking in its beauty. It is divided into parts by the word "park", which is incorrect. It would be correct to place the participle completely before or after the word being defined.

Correct option 1:

The striking beauty of the park in Pavlovsk has long attracted the attention of tourists.

Correct option 2:

The park in Pavlovsk, striking in its beauty, has long attracted the attention of tourists.

Offer:

In the novels of M. Sholokhov there is no lie, pretending to be another truth.

Participle turnover: pretending to be another truth. It refers to the word "falsehood", but does not agree with it. The noun "lie" is feminine and is in the genitive case, and the participle "pretending" is masculine and in the nominative. Therefore, you need to put the sacrament in the genitive case and the feminine: "pretending."

Correct option:

In the novels of M. Sholokhov there are no lies pretending to be another truth.

Offer:

In autumn, ears of wheat are waiting for that hour, heavy from ripened grains, when combines appear in the field.

Participle turnover: heavy from ripened grains. It is far from the defined word "ears", which makes it seem that the participial turnover refers to the word "hours". Therefore, you need to put the participial phrase before or after the word being defined.

Correct option 1:

In autumn, ears of wheat, heavy from ripened grains, are waiting for the hour when combines appear in the field.

Correct option 2:

In autumn, ears of wheat, heavy from ripened grains, are waiting for the hour when combine harvesters appear in the field.

Other types of errors can be studied in task 7 of the Unified State Examination in Russian for grade 11. More analyzed examples for task 7 can be found in the section

Participle and participial phrases are quite complex parts of speech, the use of which makes many mistakes. The article describes in detail the most common mistakes in the use of these speech constructions with examples, ways to determine the participle or participle in a sentence are given.

Mistakes in the use of adverbial phrases

Participial turnover- a speech construction, expressed by a gerund with dependent words, which names an additional action and answers questions - What do you do? Having done what? In the sentence it acts as a separate circumstance and is separated by commas.

The most common mistakes in the formation of sentences with adverbial turnover include:

The action of the participle does not apply to the subject (noun or pronoun in the nominative case).
Error examples: Brewing tea, his cup fell. Cleaning up the room Their vacuum cleaner is broken.
Participle turnover in an impersonal sentence.
Error examples: Watching the clouds I was calm. Out on the street he got hot.
Participle turnover in a sentence with a verb-predicate in the future tense.
Error examples: Having solved the problem, I'm going to rest. Visiting exhibitions, he will write an article on contemporary art.
A participial turnover cannot be a homogeneous member of a sentence with a participial turnover, a predicate or another member of the sentence (except for isolated circumstances and some adverbs).
Error examples: A small town shining with lights and surprising tourists was his favorite vacation spot. Tall palm trees rising to the sky and rustling leaves, sheltered travelers from the sun.

Incorrect use of participial phrases

Participial- a speech construction, expressed by a participle with dependent words, which names the attribute of an object by action and answers questions - Which? Which? Which? Which? It acts as a separate definition in the sentence and is separated by commas.

The most common mistakes in the use of participial phrases include:

How to determine which turnover is used in a sentence?

Cases of misuse of participial and adverbial phrases in Russian are usually associated with the fact that schoolchildren confuse these speech constructions. To determine whether a participial or participial turnover is used in a sentence, it is necessary to highlight its grammatical and syntactic features:

Find a participle or participle;
Put a question in circulation What do you do? Having done what? or Which? Which? Which? Which?);
Determine the lexical meaning of the turnover (action or sign);
Determine the syntactic role of turnover (circumstance or definition).

Examples:
Dostoyevsky's novel read in many countries, was translated into foreign languages ( read in many countries- participle turnover, answers the question - which?, agrees with the noun novel, in the sentence is a separate definition). Brewing tea she always adds some sugar ( making tea- adverbial turnover, answers the question - doing what?, depends on the verb-predicate adds, in the sentence is a separate circumstance).

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Task number 7. Grammatical errors

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters

1. Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

Remember that the prepositions THANKS, ACCORDINGLY, DESPITE are used only with the dative case:

thanks to (someone) friend

contrary to (something) expectation

according to (what?) schedule

The preposition "PO" governs the prepositional case:

upon arrival in Kazan

upon expiration

upon arrival home

Violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

The majority objected to such changes in the work plan, right: the majority objected).

Remember the rules:

1. agreement of the predicate with the words: SERIES, MOST, MINORITY, Plenty, SEVERAL, PART.

A). The predicate is put in the singular if there are no dependent words for these words (the minority supported the speaker).

B). The singular number and with inanimate subjects (a number of schools have introduced elective courses in law into their programs).

AT). Plural otherwise:

A number of teachers spoke in favor of additional hours in the Russian language (animated noun).

Part of the proceeds will go to the treatment of sick children (if the subject has a participle or a clause with the word WHICH).

Several writers and poets were present at the evening (if there are several subjects or predicates).

Many proposals for changing the structure of the speech were proposed by colleagues (if there are other members of the sentence between the subject and the predicate).

The subject and predicate are always singular in the following cases: If the subject has only a single number, for example: youth, peasantry, people, students.

If the subject has in its composition the words MANY, LITTLE, LITTLE.

For example: It has been many years since I graduated from high school.

If before the subject there are particles ONLY, ONLY.

For example: Only a small part of readers prefer the classics.

If the subject is the pronoun WHO and words derived from it

(no one, someone, etc.)

For example: Whoever embarked on the path of good cannot but be happy.

If the subject is compound numerals, the last word in which is ONE + noun.

For example: Twenty-one people came to the meeting.

3. Violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

An application is a definition expressed by a noun. If application is the name of something enclosed in quotation marks, then that application is inconsistent. How to use it correctly?

If there is a common noun before the application, then the application is used in the nominative case:

I am reading Leo Tolstoy's book "War and Peace" (Im.p.)

My mother works at the Zarya factory.

If there is no such common noun, then the application is used in the case that is necessary according to the context:

I admire War and Peace (Tv.p.)

She works for Zarya (P.P.)

What is the mistake in task number 7?

She works at the Zarya factory (that's right: at the Zarya factory).

I am reading Leo Tolstoy's book "War and Peace" (that's right: the book "War and Peace").

4. Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

You cannot use the full and short adjectives as homogeneous members: She was beautiful and happy (beautiful and happy OR beautiful and happy)

It is impossible to mix genus-species concepts in a series of homogeneous members:

The basket contained fruits, apples, pears (that's right: there were fruits in the basket: apples, pears).

It is unacceptable to use as homogeneous members of words, logically

incompatible: Those departing walked with bags and joyful faces.

It is necessary to use double unions correctly: do not replace individual words in them with other words, use only immediately before homogeneous members: The mood was NOT ONLY the main thing for the creator, BUT ALSO for the readers (that's right: the mood was the main thing NOT ONLY for the creator, BUT ALSO for the readers) . He was NOT ONLY defiant, BUT just awful (that's right: he was NOT ONLY defiant, BUT just awful).

You cannot use one preposition for homogeneous members if one of them has a different pretext: The people were everywhere: IN the streets, squares, squares (that's right: the people were everywhere: IN the streets, squares, In the squares).

Homogeneous members must be in the same case as the generalizing word:

The conference was about many writers: Turgenev, Tolstoy, Chekhov (that's right: the conference was about many writers: Turgenev, Tolstoy, Chekhov)

False if the homogeneous members are noun and infinitive: I love reading, music and sports (correct: I love reading, music and sports).

5. Incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover

First, remember that the gerund participle denotes an additional action in the main, expressed by the verb-predicate.

Correct use of adverbial phrase:

Remember that in a well-formed sentence, the subject of the action - the subject - can simultaneously perform both the main action (predicate) and the additional (germ). In such sentences, it is easy to replace the gerund with a verb. For example: While preparing for the exam, I repeated all the rules (I prepare and repeat)

A one-part definite-personal will also be correct, since in it the subject can easily be inserted into a sentence. For example: Preparing for the exam, I repeat the rules (I prepare and repeat).

Impersonal sentences will also be correct, but remember one very important condition: the sentence must contain an infinitive and the following words: CAN, NECESSARY, NECESSARY, NECESSARY, SHOULD, WANT, RECOMMENDED, REQUIRED, IMPOSSIBLE. For example: When preparing for an exam, you need to remember the rules.

Examples of misuse of adverbial turnover : Climbing the mountain, it became very cold (in an impersonal sentence there is no subject who would perform an additional action expressed by a gerund). As I was approaching the station, my hat fell off (the subject cannot perform an additional action).

6. Violations in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

Violation of agreement between the defined word and participial turnover. It is necessary to ask a question from the word being defined to the participle, and at the end of it, determine what ending the participle will have.

For example:

Poachers who violate the law face a serious fine (what kind of poachers? Violating).

It is impossible to use the defined word inside the participial turnover. It should be either BEFORE or AFTER it.

For example: A boat that moored to the shore aroused suspicion (that's right: a boat that moored to the shore).

7. Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech Direct speech is someone's speech, transmitted without changes. Indirect speech is the transmission of someone else's speech, its meaning in the form of a complex sentence. In sentences with indirect speech, pronouns 1 and 2 persons cannot be used, only 3 persons are needed.

Examples. Incorrect: Nekrasov wrote that "I dedicated the lyre to my people" (incorrect use of 1 person).

True: Nekrasov wrote that HE “dedicated the lyre to his people”

EXAMPLE 1

Offer: While on the road, home is always remembered. (Gerential turnover: being on the road. The basis of the sentence: the house is remembered. The predicate “remembers” refers to the subject “house.” The adverb “being” should also refer to the word “house.” But in this case it turns out that the house is on the way, which is not true. There is a narrator on the way, that is, "I").

Correct option: When I travel, I always remember home.

EXAMPLE 2

Offer: Leaving the shift, the workers check the factory equipment. (Gerential turnover: leaving the shift. Sentence basis: the equipment is being checked. The predicate “checked” refers to the subject “equipment.” The adverb “leaving” should also refer to the word “equipment.” But in this case, it turns out that the equipment leaves the shift, and this is not true, since workers leave the shift).

Correct option: Leaving the shift, the workers check the equipment of the factory.

EXAMPLE 3

Offer: Enjoying a delicious dinner, our conversation proceeded serenely. (Gerential turnover: enjoying a delicious dinner. The basis of the sentence: the conversation proceeded. The predicate “flowed” refers to the subject “conversation.” The adverb “enjoying” should also refer to the word “conversation.” But in this case it turns out that the conversation enjoyed a delicious dinner, which is not true, since "we" enjoyed dinner).

Correct option: Enjoying a delicious dinner, we chatted serenely.

Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

EXAMPLE 1

Offer: The author of the article writes that I appeal to everyone who is not indifferent to the fate of Russia. (The sentence contains signs of direct (“I am addressing” - speech in the first person) and indirect speech (“the author writes that”) It is necessary to remake the sentence into indirect speech, replacing the first person pronouns with third person pronouns).

EXAMPLE 2

Offer: As the journalist said, three of my lives are not enough to exhaust the topic of Baikal. (The sentence contains signs of direct (“three of my lives” - speech in the first person) and indirect speech (“the journalist said that”). It is necessary to remake the sentence into indirect speech, replacing the first person pronouns with third person pronouns)).

Correct option: As the journalist said, three of his lives are not enough to exhaust the topic of Baikal.

EXAMPLE 3

Offer: It is no coincidence that the hero says that I never hide behind other people's backs. (The sentence contains signs of direct (“I never hide” - speech in the first person) and indirect speech (“the hero says that”). It is necessary to remake the sentence into indirect speech, replacing the first person pronouns with third person pronouns)).

Correct option: It is no coincidence that the hero says that he never hides behind other people's backs.

Violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

EXAMPLE 1

Offer: Eucalyptus oil is a powerful antiseptic, suitable for treating colds and healing wounds. (Participial construction: suitable for treating colds and healing wounds. It belongs to the word "antiseptic", as it stands next to it, although this participial construction is not agreed with the word "antiseptic", but with the word "oil", which is incorrect. Therefore you need to put the sacrament in the same form as the noun "antiseptic": which antiseptic? Suitable).

Correct option: Eucalyptus oil is a powerful antiseptic, suitable for treating colds and healing wounds.

EXAMPLE 2

Offer: The striking park in Donetsk has long attracted the attention of tourists with its beauty. (Participatory turnover: striking in its beauty. It is broken into parts by the defined word “park”, which is incorrect. It would be correct to place the participial turnover completely before or after the defined word).

Correct option 1: The striking beauty of the park in Donetsk has long attracted the attention of tourists.

Correct option 2: The park in Donetsk, striking in its beauty, has long attracted the attention of tourists.

EXAMPLE 3

Offer: In the novels of M. Sholokhov there is no lie, pretending to be another truth. (Participle turnover: pretending to be another truth. It refers to the word “lie”, but is not consistent with it. The noun “lie” is feminine and is in the genitive case, and the participle “pretending” is masculine and in the nominative. Therefore, you need put the participle in the genitive and feminine: "pretending").

Correct option: In the novels of M. Sholokhov there are no lies pretending to be another truth.

EXAMPLE 4

Offer: In autumn, ears of wheat are waiting for that hour, heavy from ripened grains, when combines appear in the field. (The participial turnover: heavy from ripe grains. It is far from the defined word “ears”, which makes it seem that the participial turnover refers to the word “hours”. Therefore, you need to put the participial turnover before or after the defined word).

Correct option 1: In autumn, ears of wheat, heavy from ripened grains, are waiting for the hour when combines appear in the field.

Correct option 2: In autumn, ears of wheat, heavy from ripened grains, are waiting for the hour when combine harvesters appear in the field.

Task 7 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language, theory.

Task 7 USE 2018- This is a test of your knowledge of syntactic norms.

For this task you can get 5 points. Therefore, its correct implementation is very important. This is one of the most voluminous and difficult tasks of the exam.

So, in the demo, this task is formulated as follows:

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

A) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

B) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

C) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

D) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover

D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

1) The travelers involuntarily admired the rainbow that appeared in the sky after the rain.

2) A picture of I.I. Shishkin's "Ship Grove" is considered one of the artist's most majestic paintings.

3) Everyone who has been in small towns in Italy has seen stone bridges overgrown with ivy, dilapidated old marble facades of buildings, shimmering gilded domes.

4) In the journal "Ethnographic Review" D.N. Ushakov not only published a number of articles about the customs, but also about the beliefs of Russian peasants.

5) Having learned to make fire 40 thousand years ago, the development of mankind has noticeably accelerated.

6) Contrary to the opinion of skeptics, there are facts confirming the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations.

7) V.G. Belinsky wrote about twenty articles and reviews on the work of N.V. Gogol.

8) Reading ancient manuscripts, you can learn a lot of interesting things.

9) Tsiolkovsky wrote that the main goal of his life is to move humanity forward at least a little.

Changes in the USE 2018 task 7 was not affected, therefore, as in the past year, an example must be selected for each error.

The complexity of the task lies in the fact that there are 9 options for sentences, and there are only five names of errors. This means that 4 sentences can refer to:

1) To another type of error not listed in the left column.

2) To sentences without errors (this also occurs).

Remember that task 7 is a task for the correct connection of words with each other, for proper management and coordination. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor that all words are in the required gender, number, case, tense.

Execution algorithm:

1) For the correct completion of task 7, you need to learn to see the words markers.

2) As in other tasks, the information is grouped by error names. First, you need to learn and understand all the terms in the assignment. For example, to know what an application is and what it looks like. It is important to be able to distinguish between participial and participial phrases, as well as to know their correct construction, find homogeneous members and double conjunctions, find the subject and predicate and check them for correct connection, know the verb control, and prepositional case control.

Violation of the construction of a sentence with inconsistent application Appendix- this is a definition expressed by a noun, the name of newspapers, magazines, paintings, books, geographical objects, etc. Lake (what?) Baikal. The defined word (from which a question is asked to the application) and the application give different designations for the same subject. Things to remember: The inconsistent application is in the nominative case, regardless of the case in which the word being defined is (Lake (I.P.) Baikal (I.P.), lakes (R.P.) Baikal (I.P.), lake (D .P.) Baikal (I.P.)
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN
We met after driving a few kilometers from the city of Sochi. In the movie "War and Peace" S. Bondarchuk perfectly played Pierre Bezukhov. In "War and Peace" S. Bondarchuk perfectly played Pierre Bezukhov.	We met after driving a few kilometers from the city of Sochi. In the movie "War and Peace" S. Bondarchuk perfectly played Pierre Bezukhov.

Violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover The participle with the word being defined must agree in gender, number and case. The word being defined should not be included in participial circulation. There should not be a replacement for a real participle with a passive participle.
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN
1. We are proud of our football players (T.P.) who beat (T.P.) the English team 2. The pancakes prepared by my mother were extremely tasty. 3. The task performed by us does not cause any particular difficulties.	1. We are proud of our footballers (T.P.) who beat (R.P.) the English team 2. The pancakes prepared by my mother were extremely tasty. The task we carry out does not cause any particular difficulties.

Incorrect sentence construction with adverbial turnover gerund denotes an additional action that the subject performs. The participle in a sentence can be replaced by a homogeneous predicate. (Smiling, he walked down the street. - He walked down the street and smiled). 1. The adverbial turnover is not used if the action expressed by the predicate and the action expressed by the gerund belong to different persons. 2. The adverbial turnover is not used in an impersonal sentence if the predicate in it is not expressed by the infinitive. 3. The adverbial turnover is not used if the predicate is expressed by a short passive participle.
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN
1. When I drove up to the city, a strong wind began. 2. When I arrived in Moscow, I felt sad. 3. When I passed the exams, I was admitted to the university.	1. Approaching the city, a strong wind began. (the wind can't drive up to the city) 2. Arriving in Moscow, I felt sad. 3. Having passed the exams, I was accepted to the university (accepted by someone)

Violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate 1. The gender of compound abbreviated words is determined by the keyword: UN - United Nations (organization - the main word in f. R.) 2. The predicate is consistent with the first (main) word of the compound noun. 3. In the main and subordinate parts of a complex sentence, the subject and predicate must agree in number: all (those) + predicate in plural, who (that) + predicate in singular.
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN
1. The UN announced the resolution of the issue of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 2. Rocking chair repaired. 3. [Everyone (who is interested in theater) knows the name of Alexei Bakhrushin].	1. The UN announced the solution of the issue of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 2. The rocking chair has been repaired. 3. [Everyone (who is interested in theater) knows the name of Alexei Bakhrushin].

Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech When translating direct speech into indirect, pronouns and verbs in the form of the 1st person should be replaced with pronouns and verbs of the 3rd person
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN


Errors in constructing sentences with homogeneous members 1. Each of the homogeneous members must be grammatically correlated with a common word. 2. Each of the homogeneous members must be lexically correlated with a common word. 3. If homogeneous members are adjectives or participles, they must both be in the same form (full or short). 4. If different prepositions are assumed before homogeneous members, then they cannot be omitted. 5. All homogeneous members must be in the same case as generalizing word. 6. You can not mix genus-species concepts in a series of homogeneous members. 7. The order of words is broken when using double unions (As ..., and ... Not only but… If not...then... Not so much... but... Not that ..., but ....), repeated unions (that ... that; not that ... not that others). Parts of such unions should stand directly next to homogeneous members! 8. Parts of a double union are permanent, they cannot be replaced by other words: not only but if not...then like...and
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN
1. Raskolnikov came up with (who? What? V.p.) his theory and admires (who? What? Etc.) it. 2. Pulling the string and shooting a bow is not easy. 3. These books are interesting (short form) and well illustrated (short form) or These books are interesting (full form) and well illustrated (full form). 4. Crowds of people were everywhere: on the streets, squares, in squares. 5. The life of the peasants is depicted in the works of Russian classics (R.p.): Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy (R.p.). 6. The package contained juice and fruits: oranges, bananas. 7. It can be argued that the mood was the main thing not only for the creator of the poem, but also for the readers. 8. In North Africa, we observed many features both in nature and in human mores.	1. Raskolnikov came up with and admires his theory. (verbs are combined with nouns in different cases) 2. It is not easy to draw and shoot a bow 3. These books are interesting (short form) and well illustrated (full form). 4. Crowds of people were everywhere: on the streets, squares, squares. 5. The life of the peasants is depicted in the works of Russian classics (R.p.): Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy (I.p.). 6. The package contained oranges, juice, bananas, fruits. 7. It can be argued that the mood was not only the main thing for the creator of the poem, but also for the readers. 8. In North Africa we observed many peculiarities both in nature and also in human manners. (no union not only… but also)

Mistakes in building a complex sentence 1. Incorrect attachment of the accessory part createsambiguous perception of the meaning of the sentence.The attributive clause must come after the word on which it depends. 2. The subordinate explanatory clause is attached to the main one with the help of a particle li, which acts as a subordinating union, so the union is superfluous here.
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN
1. [The letter said] (that the auditor is going to the city (which is controlled by Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky). 2. Before the duel, Pechorin admires nature, and Werner asks if he wrote his will.	1. [The letter said], (that an auditor is going to the city), (which is managed by Skvoznik - Dmukhanovsky) (with this construction of the sentence, it seems that Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky manages the auditor, and not the city) 2. Before the duel, Pechorin admires nature, and Werner asks (what did he write his will).

Incorrect use of the case form of noun. and places. with or without preposition 1. Prepositions ACCORDING TO, DESPITE, THANK YOU, ACCORDINGLY, ALONG, LIKELY are used only with D. p. (to whom? to what?) The preposition PO in the meaning "after something, as a result of something" is used with P. p. (for whom? What?) in measure, in force, during, in continuation, in conclusion, due to, at the end, like, by means of + R.p.noun. If different prepositions with different nouns are required, they should be used. Omission of prepositions in such cases is unacceptable. 2. Prepositions in - from, on - from.
CAN	IT IS FORBIDDEN
1. Contrary to (to whom? What? D.p.) circumstances thanks to (who? what? D.p.) diligence At the end of the term Upon expiration Upon arrival of the train Upon arrival 2.to the city - from the city	1. Contrary to (whom? what? R.p.) circumstances thanks to (whom? what? R.p.) efforts At the end of the term Upon expiration Upon arrival of the train On arrival 2.from the city