Sodium dihydropyrophosphate belongs to the category of inorganic compounds. Its molecular formula will not clarify much to consumers, but belonging to food additives will make many think about whether it is harmful.

Features and Specifications

Instead of the long name listed on various food labels, customers will see E450i, which is the official short name for the supplement.

The physical characteristics of the agent are unremarkable, as it is a powder in the form of small colorless crystals. The substance is easily soluble in, while forming crystalline hydrates. Like most other chemical components, the emulsifier popular in Europe does not have a special smell. The powder easily comes into contact with various chemical constituents, while such compounds are characterized by increased strength.

Get E450i in the laboratory by exposing sodium carbonate to phosphoric acid. Further, the instruction provides for heating the resulting phosphate to a temperature of 220 degrees.

Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, in contact with the skin, can cause a severe allergic reaction. But this applies only to a certain group of people who have highly sensitive skin, or do not follow the safety rules prescribed in the job description.

Symptoms in this scenario include manifestation over the next few days. The main signs cover the classic picture like swelling and itching. In some cases, the skin is covered with tiny blisters, inside which fluid forms.

These manifestations sometimes make themselves felt if a consumer with particularly sensitive skin uses cosmetic products that contain the specified substance.

Against this background, customers begin to think that when they use products containing the additive, they also put their health to an additional test. But technologists say that the dosage of E450i in food is much lower, which cannot cause a sharp deterioration in well-being, provided there is no individual intolerance or allergy.

Doctors also advise adhering to the maximum allowable daily dosage, which does not exceed 70 mg per kilogram. In order to protect potential eaters, food processing plants regularly conduct inspections. This allows you to establish whether manufacturers exceed the established standards.

Scope of application

Despite the fact that the practical benefits only provide benefits for manufacturers, today it is difficult to find canned seafood that would not include such an ingredient. It is added there to control color retention during the sterilization process.

Also, the additive often becomes a component of some bakery products. There, its main task is the reaction with soda, since the element produces an acidic result, becoming a source of acid in sufficient quantities.

They do not do without dihydropyrophosphorate in the meat department of the industry, where it acts as a moisture holder in the finished product. Some enterprises even took note of its features as an integral part in the manufacture of semi-finished potato products. It protects the mass from darkening, which is a side effect when starting the oxidation process.

In the course of numerous experiments, experts have come to the conclusion that in moderation, E450i does not pose a particular danger in food. Because of this, it is listed as an approved emulsifier in most European countries.

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Chemical formula

Molar mass of NaH 2 PO 4 , Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate 119.977012 g/mol

22.98977+1.00794 2+30.973762+15.9994 4

Mass fractions of elements in the compound

Using the Molar Mass Calculator

• Chemical formulas must be entered case sensitive
• Indexes are entered as regular numbers
• The dot on the midline (multiplication sign), used, for example, in the formulas of crystalline hydrates, is replaced by a regular dot.
• Example: instead of CuSO₄ 5H₂O, the converter uses the spelling CuSO4.5H2O for ease of entry.

Electric potential and voltage

Molar mass calculator

mole

All substances are made up of atoms and molecules. In chemistry, it is important to accurately measure the mass of substances entering into a reaction and resulting from it. By definition, the mole is the SI unit for the amount of a substance. One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary particles. This value is numerically equal to the Avogadro constant N A when expressed in units of moles⁻¹ and is called Avogadro's number. Amount of substance (symbol n) of a system is a measure of the number of structural elements. A structural element can be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, or any particle or group of particles.

Avogadro's constant N A = 6.02214076×10²³ mol⁻¹. Avogadro's number is 6.02214076×10²³.

In other words, a mole is the amount of a substance equal in mass to the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms and molecules of the substance, multiplied by the Avogadro number. The mole is one of the seven basic units of the SI system and is denoted by the mole. Since the name of the unit and its symbol are the same, it should be noted that the symbol is not inflected, unlike the name of the unit, which can be declined according to the usual rules of the Russian language. One mole of pure carbon-12 equals exactly 12 grams.

Molar mass

Molar mass is a physical property of a substance, defined as the ratio of the mass of that substance to the amount of the substance in moles. In other words, it is the mass of one mole of a substance. In the SI system, the unit of molar mass is kilogram/mol (kg/mol). However, chemists are accustomed to using the more convenient unit g/mol.

molar mass = g/mol

Molar mass of elements and compounds

Compounds are substances made up of different atoms that are chemically bonded to each other. For example, the following substances, which can be found in the kitchen of any housewife, are chemical compounds:

• salt (sodium chloride) NaCl
• sugar (sucrose) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
• vinegar (acetic acid solution) CH₃COOH

The molar mass of chemical elements in grams per mole is numerically the same as the mass of the element's atoms, expressed in atomic mass units (or daltons). The molar mass of compounds is equal to the sum of the molar masses of the elements that make up the compound, taking into account the number of atoms in the compound. For example, the molar mass of water (H₂O) is approximately 1 × 2 + 16 = 18 g/mol.

Molecular mass

Molecular weight (the old name is molecular weight) is the mass of a molecule, calculated as the sum of the masses of each atom that makes up the molecule, multiplied by the number of atoms in this molecule. The molecular weight is dimensionless a physical quantity numerically equal to the molar mass. That is, the molecular weight differs from the molar mass in dimension. Although the molecular mass is a dimensionless quantity, it still has a value called the atomic mass unit (amu) or dalton (Da), and is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or neutron. The atomic mass unit is also numerically equal to 1 g/mol.

Molar mass calculation

The molar mass is calculated as follows:

• determine the atomic masses of the elements according to the periodic table;
• determine the number of atoms of each element in the compound formula;
• determine the molar mass by adding the atomic masses of the elements included in the compound, multiplied by their number.

For example, let's calculate the molar mass of acetic acid

It consists of:

• two carbon atoms
• four hydrogen atoms
• two oxygen atoms

• carbon C = 2 × 12.0107 g/mol = 24.0214 g/mol
• hydrogen H = 4 × 1.00794 g/mol = 4.03176 g/mol
• oxygen O = 2 × 15.9994 g/mol = 31.9988 g/mol
• molar mass = 24.0214 + 4.03176 + 31.9988 = 60.05196 g/mol

Our calculator does just that. You can enter the formula of acetic acid into it and check what happens.

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Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Dihydrogenfosforecnan sodný.JPG
General
Systematic Name	Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Traditional names	Sodium dihydroorthophosphate, sodium phosphate, single substituted
Chem. formula	NaH2PO4
Physical properties
State	colorless crystals
Molar mass	119.98 g/mol
Density	hydr. 1.9096 g/cm³
Thermal Properties
T. melt.	hydr. 60°C
Chemical properties
Solubility in water	85.2 20; 207.3 80 g/100 ml
Classification
Reg. CAS number	7558-80-7
PubChem	24204
SMILES	P(=O)(O)O]
Data is based on standard conditions (25 °C, 100 kPa) unless otherwise noted.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate- an inorganic compound, an acid salt of sodium alkali metal and phosphoric acid with the formula NaH 2 PO 4 , colorless crystals, readily soluble in water, forms crystalline hydrates.

Receipt

• Neutralization of concentrated phosphoric acid with dilute sodium hydroxide solution:

$\backslash mathsf(H\_3PO\_4\; +\; NaOH\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow()\backslash \; NaH\_2PO\_4\; +\; H\_2O\; )$

• The reaction of sodium hydrogen phosphate with phosphoric acid:

$\backslash mathsf(Na\_2HPO\_4\; +\; H\_3PO\_4\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow()\backslash \; 2NaH\_2PO\_4\; )$

• Dissolution of white phosphorus in a slightly alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide:

$\backslash mathsf(P\_4\; +\; 10H\_2O\_2\; +\; 4NaOH\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow()\backslash \; 4NaH\_2PO\_4\; +\; 8H\_2O\; )$

Physical properties

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate forms colorless crystals. Highly soluble in water, poorly soluble in ethanol.

Forms several NaH 2 PO 4 crystalline hydrates n H 3 O, where n= 1, 2, which melt in water of crystallization at 100 and 60°C, respectively.

Melts of crystalline hydrates, as well as concentrated solutions of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, are viscous, turbid, opalescent liquids that easily crystallize when the temperature is lowered into a translucent vitreous mass.

Chemical properties

• The crystalline hydrate loses water when heated in vacuum:

$\backslash mathsf(NaH\_2PO\_4\backslash cdot\; 2H\_2O\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow(100^oC)\backslash \; NaH\_2PO\_4\; +\; 2H\_2O\; )$

• When heated, it forms sodium acid pyrophosphate:

$\backslash mathsf(2NaH\_2PO\_4\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow(160^oC)\backslash \; Na\_2H\_2P\_2O\_7\; +\; H\_2O\; )$ $\backslash mathsf(NaH\_2PO\_4\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow(220-250^oC)\backslash \; NaPO\_3\; +\; H\_2O\; )$

• Reacts with alkalis:

$\backslash mathsf(NaH\_2PO\_4\; +\; NaOH\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow()\backslash \; Na\_2HPO\_4\; +\; H\_2O\; )$ $\backslash mathsf(NaH\_2PO\_4\; +\; 2NaOH\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow()\backslash \; Na\_3PO\_4\; +\; 2H\_2O\; )$

• Enters into exchange reactions:

$\backslash mathsf(3NaH\_2PO\_4\; +\; 3AgNO\_3\; \backslash \; \backslash xrightarrow()\backslash \; Ag\_3PO\_4\backslash downarrow\; +\; 3NaNO\_3\; +\; 2H\_3PO\_4\; )$

Application

• Pharmacology (laxative).
• Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is used as a multi-purpose additive in the food industry E339, where it acts as a buffer and as a color stabilizer in products.
• Sodium dihydrophosphate dihydrate refers to large-scale chemical production, the price is ≈800$/t.

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An excerpt characterizing Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

Prince Andrei lived without a break for two years in the countryside. All those enterprises on estates that Pierre started and did not bring to any result, constantly moving from one thing to another, all these enterprises, without showing them to anyone and without noticeable labor, were carried out by Prince Andrei.
He had in the highest degree that practical tenacity that Pierre lacked, which, without scope and effort on his part, gave movement to the cause.
One of his estates of three hundred souls of peasants was listed as free cultivators (this was one of the first examples in Russia), in others corvée was replaced by dues. In Bogucharovo, a learned grandmother was issued to his account to help women in childbirth, and the priest taught the children of peasants and yards to read and write for a salary.
One half of the time Prince Andrei spent in the Bald Mountains with his father and son, who was still with the nannies; the other half of the time in the Bogucharovo monastery, as his father called his village. Despite the indifference he showed to Pierre to all the external events of the world, he diligently followed them, received many books, and to his surprise noticed when fresh people from Petersburg, from the very whirlpool of life, came to him or to his father, that these people, in knowledge of everything that happens in foreign and domestic policy, they are far behind him, who is sitting all the time in the countryside.
In addition to classes on estates, in addition to general studies in reading a wide variety of books, Prince Andrei was at that time engaged in a critical analysis of our last two unfortunate campaigns and drawing up a project to change our military regulations and decrees.
In the spring of 1809, Prince Andrei went to the Ryazan estates of his son, whom he was the guardian of.
Warmed by the spring sun, he sat in the carriage, looking at the first grass, the first leaves of the birch, and the first puffs of white spring clouds scattered across the bright blue of the sky. He did not think about anything, but looked cheerfully and senselessly around.
We passed the ferry on which he spoke with Pierre a year ago. We passed a dirty village, threshing floors, greenery, a descent, with the remaining snow near the bridge, an ascent along washed-out clay, a strip of stubble and a shrub that was greening in some places, and drove into a birch forest on both sides of the road. It was almost hot in the forest, the wind could not be heard. The birch tree, all covered with green sticky leaves, did not move, and from under last year's leaves, lifting them, the first grass and purple flowers crawled out green. Scattered in some places along the birch forest, small spruce trees with their coarse eternal greenery unpleasantly reminded of winter. The horses snorted as they rode into the woods and became more sweaty.
The footman Peter said something to the coachman, the coachman answered in the affirmative. But it was not enough for Peter to see the coachman's sympathy: he turned on the goats to the master.
- Your Excellency, how easy! he said, smiling respectfully.
- What!
“Easy, your highness.
"What he says?" thought Prince Andrew. “Yes, it’s true about spring,” he thought, looking around. And then everything is already green ... how soon! And birch, and bird cherry, and alder is already beginning ... And the oak is not noticeable. Yes, here it is, the oak.
There was an oak at the edge of the road. Probably ten times older than the birches that made up the forest, it was ten times thicker and twice as tall as each birch. It was a huge oak tree in two girths with broken branches, which can be seen for a long time, and with broken bark, overgrown with old sores. With his huge clumsy, asymmetrically spread, clumsy hands and fingers, he stood between the smiling birches, an old, angry and contemptuous freak. Only he alone did not want to submit to the charm of spring and did not want to see either spring or the sun.
"Spring, and love, and happiness!" - this oak seemed to be saying, - “and how you don’t get tired of the same stupid and senseless deceit. Everything is the same, and everything is a lie! There is no spring, no sun, no happiness. There, look, crushed dead firs are sitting, always the same, and there I spread my broken, peeled fingers, wherever they grew - from the back, from the sides; as you have grown, so I stand, and I do not believe your hopes and deceptions.
Prince Andrei looked back at this oak tree several times as he drove through the forest, as if he was expecting something from him. There were flowers and grass under the oak, but he still, frowning, motionless, ugly and stubbornly, stood in the middle of them.
“Yes, he is right, this oak is a thousand times right,” thought Prince Andrei, let others, young ones, again succumb to this deception, and we know life, our life is over! A whole new series of thoughts, hopeless, but sadly pleasant in connection with this oak, arose in the soul of Prince Andrei. During this journey, it was as if he thought over his whole life again, and came to the same calming and hopeless conclusion that he had no need to start anything, that he should live out his life without doing evil, without worrying and desiring nothing.

Other names: sodium phosphates, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, monosodium phosphate, monosodium salt of orthophosphoric acid, sodium phosphate monosubstituted, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium salt of orthophosphoric acid, sodium phosphate disubstituted, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium orthophosphate, trisodium phosphate, trisodium salt of orthophosphate acid, sodium phosphate tri-substances, sodium phosphate, E339.

sodium phosphates- sodium salts of phosphoric acid. Phosphate acid with sodium forms salts with varying degrees of substitution of hydrogen atoms. In the food industry, there are:

• E339i monosodium orthophosphate (NaH 2 PO 4);
• E339іi disubstituted sodium orthophosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 12H 2 O);
• E339ііі trizamischenny sodium orthophosphate (Na 3 PO 4 12H 2 O).

These additives are used as acidity regulators, emulsifying salts, color fixatives, water-retaining agents, stabilizers, antioxidant synergists.

Structure One-substituted sodium otrophosphate exists in the form of an anhydrous form, mono- and dihydrate. Disubstituted sodium orthophosphate exists in the form of an anhydrous form, as well as in the form of hydrates (di-, hepta - and dodeca-), mainly dodecahydrate. Sodium phosphate exists in the form of an anhydrous form, as well as in the form of a hydrated form (semi-, mono-, hexa-, octa-, deca - and dodeca-), mainly dodecahydrate. Moreover, the latter always contains in its composition 0.25 molar amount of sodium hydroxide.

Receipt Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate and phosphate are obtained by reacting phosphoric acid with the appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide or soda ash:

• H 3 PO 4 + NaOH → NaH 2 PO 4 + H 2 O
• H 3 PO 4 + 2NaOH → Na 2 HPO4 + 2H 2 O
• H 3 PO 4 + 3NaOH → Na 3 PO4 + 3H 2 O

Usage Sodium phosphates are used in the production of minced meat and fish products as separate salts, or as a mixture in an amount of 0.3% by weight of minced meat. Phosphates contribute to the swelling of muscle proteins, moisture retention during cooking, increasing the juiciness and yield of minced products. They ensure the stability of fat emulsions, which prevents the formation of broth-fat edema during cooking sausages, and inhibit oxidative processes in fat. With the introduction of phosphates, the structure of minced meat improves.

Phosphates are also used in the production of processed cheeses as melting salts. Often used together with other phosphates and citrates. To restore the salt (ionic) balance necessary for the thermal stability of milk, which is subjected to heating, stabilizer salts are added to it, which can be phosphates capable of binding calcium ions. Salts are used in the form of 10-25% aqueous solutions. The dosage of the stabilizer salt depends on the heat resistance of a particular batch of milk and therefore has a wide range within 0.05-0.4% of the mass of the normalized mixture.

They are used as a stabilizer for dried milk and cream, an anti-crystallizer for condensed milk, etc. Acceleration of the dissolution of dry mixtures (for example, for ice cream) is achieved by adding sodium phosphates and citrates.

Sodium monophosphate has proven itself as a green color stabilizer for cooked vegetables. It maintains the acidity of the medium (pH 6.8-7.0), which is optimal for color retention. Preference is given to using a mixture of magnesium carbonate with sodium phosphate for these purposes.

Other applications: as a laxative in medicine, a water softener, a component of detergents, glass, protective coatings for metals. Used as a bleach in photography, in the textile industry.

Bibliography

• Sarafanova L. A. Food Additives: Encyclopedia. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - St. Petersburg: GIORD, 2004. - 808 p. ISBN 5-901065-79-4 (p. 649 - 654)
• Lastukhin Yu.A. Nutritional supplements. E-codes. Structure. Receiving. Properties. Proc. allowance. - Lviv: Center of Europe, 2009. - 836 p. ISBN 978-966-7022-83-9 (p. 678 - 681)
• Sanitary norms and rules "Requirements for food additives, fragrances and technological aids" APPROVED. Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus December 12, 2012 No. 195
• Health Canada. List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents (Lists of Permitted Food Additives) Date issued: 2014-08-28
• Appendix 1 to SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03 FOOD ADDITIVES FOR FOOD PRODUCTION
• Decree of January 4, 1999 N 12 Kyiv On approval of the list of food additives permitted for use in food products

Content

The introduction of innovative technologies into the industrial sector is not possible without the use of chemical compounds necessary for the lifestyle of modern Homo sapiens. Based on the fact that the phosphate requirement for an adult is about 1150 mg/day, there is nothing wrong with using sodium phosphate compounds for food production.

What is sodium phosphate

Phosphates are an important element of adenosine triphosphoric acid, which provides energy balance in the human body. The term "sodium orthophosphate" encompasses a class of salts from the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid H3PO4 in reaction with NaCl or NaOH, used as an acidity regulator, stabilizer, emulsifier, and water-retaining agent. Dihydrogen phosphate belongs to the group of antioxidant compounds used as a food additive E339.

Sodium Phosphate Formula

Among the common formulas of sodium phosphate that are used in industry are:

• Orthophosphate Na3PO4 with water H2O (as well as dodecahydrate, trisodium phosphate). The additive is used in the energy sector, the production of abrasive detergents, powders, the technical industry for processing technological equipment, obtaining a protective coating on metal. The dihydrate is common in pharmaceuticals.
• Disodium phosphate NaH2PO4 is a chemical substance that prevents sticking of powdered products. Its second name is sodium hydrogen phosphate or hydrogen orthophosphate. It is a white powder with a high degree of hygroscopicity and good solubility.
• NaH2PO4 dihydrogen phosphate plus H2O is a monophosphate, monohydrate or substituted aqueous, high temperature resistant.

Application of sodium phosphate

Sodium Phosphate is used as an anti-crystallizer. It retains the color of the product during heat treatment, making its structure soft and tender. The chemical properties of the substance make it possible to avoid rancidity, oxidation of products, and to obtain resistance to decomposition. It is possible to buy Na3PO4 with a molar mass of 162.93 g / mol from the manufacturer, taking 1 kg as a sales unit.

The use of sodium phosphate (additive E339) is common in the production of:

• dairy products, including condensed milk, dried cream;
• confectionery, bakery products;
• sausage, meat products;
• chunky, processed cheeses (as melting salt);
• dry soups and dry broths;
• pasty sauces, baking powder, tea bags.

The harm of sodium phosphate

Sodium phosphate (phosphorus) belongs to the IV class of danger (low-hazardous substance) and has a high level of purity. With massive natural components, its structural formula contains harmful chemically synthesized compounds. Excessive consumption of dihydrogen phosphate in the e339 supplement can affect digestion and cause calcium to be washed out of bone tissue - this is the harm of sodium phosphate.

Video

The harm of the compound to the human body cannot be viewed through the prism of the daily diet. Food additives that exceed the permissible norm by GOST are at least unsafe for health. The video shows that the E339 supplement can increase the shelf life, enhance the effect of antioxidants. Na3PO4 replaces potassium in baking products.