The name of the cases. Change of nouns by cases: what is the name? How to distinguish the dative and prepositional cases if they have the same endings and semantic questions

Recently I came across a mention of the fact that there are more cases in Russian than the six that we studied at school. I began to dig further and, in general, counted as many as thirteen of them. This allowed me to deeply feel the essence of the concepts of case and declension, and even more to fall in love with the Russian language.

We more or less “know everything” about the six official cases, so I’ll immediately write about what I managed to dig up about the other seven: quantitative-separative, deprivative, expectant, local, vocative, transformative and countable. I will comment on everything without references to sources, because I don’t remember them at all; all this information can be collected bit by bit by slipping the names of cases on Yandex and paying attention to the fact that in the places found it was about the Russian language. In all reasoning I will use my own sense of language, so I cannot promise absolute correctness, but I hope that all this will be interesting to someone. I would be very glad to competent comments or just the opinions of sympathizers.

quantitative-separating the case is a variation of the genitive, in the sense that it answers its own questions and indicates some of its functions. Sometimes it can be easily replaced by a parent, but sometimes it will sound clumsy. For example, you offer a cup of (whom? What?) tea or (whom? What?) Tea? Note that of the classic six cases, the form "chau" falls under the dative case (to whom? To what?), but here it answers the question of the genitive (to whom? What?). Some will say that the form "tea" sounds somehow archaic, rustic. Not sure if this is true; I would rather say “tea” than “tea”, or even reformulate the sentence so as to use the accusative case (“Will you have tea?”). Here's another example: "set the heat." Rustic? Probably not. And the option "set the heat" cuts the ear. More examples: “pour juice”, “add speed”.

depriving the case is used together with the negation of the verb in phrases like "not to know the truth" (but "to know the truth"), "not to have the right" (but "to have the right"). It cannot be said that in the negative version we use the genitive case, because in some cases the words remain in the accusative form: “do not drive a car” (and not cars), “do not drink vodka” (and not vodka). This case arises only if we believe that any one specific case must correspond to each function of a noun. Then the deprivative case is such a case, the forms of which can correspond to the forms of the genitive or accusative. Sometimes they are interchangeable, but in some cases it is noticeably more convenient for us to use only one of the two options, which speaks in favor of the superfluous case. For example, “not a step back” (meaning “not to do”) sounds much more Russian than “not a step back”.

expectant the case is a rather complicated phenomenon. We can wait (be afraid, beware, be shy) for someone or something, that is, it seems that we must use the genitive case with these verbs. However, sometimes this genitive case suddenly takes the form of an accusative. For example, we are waiting for (whom? What?) Letters, but (whom? What?) Mom. And vice versa - “wait for a letter” or “wait for mom” - somehow not in Russian (especially the second one). Of course, if these forms are considered acceptable, then there is no waiting case, just with the verb wait (and its counterparts) you can use both the genitive and accusative cases. However, if these forms are not recognized as acceptable (which I, personally, tend to), then the waiting case arises, which for some words coincides with the genitive, and for some - with the accusative. In this case, we need a criterion for how to inflect a given word.

Let's try to understand the difference between the expressions "wait for a letter" and "wait for mom." When we wait for a letter, we do not expect any activity from the letter. We are not waiting the letter itself, namely letters, the delivery of a letter, the arrival of a letter, that is, some phenomenon associated with its appearance in our mailbox. Writing plays a passive role here. But when we are waiting for mom, we are not waiting for “the delivery of mom by a taxi driver to the place of our meeting,” but rather mom herself, hoping that she will hurry to arrive on time (while it is quite possible that she will use a taxi). That is, it turns out that if an object expressed by a noun can influence its own appearance, then we are waiting for it in the form of an accusative case (it will be “guilty” if it is late), and if the object itself cannot do anything, then we We are waiting in parental form. Perhaps it has something to do with the concept of animation? It may well be, it happens; for example, in the accusative case there is also a similar effect - for inanimate objects in the second declension, it coincides with the nominative ("sit on a chair").

Local case is the most understandable of all special cases. It exists, it is used by each of us, its forms are obvious, they cannot be replaced by other words, and therefore it is very strange that it is not included in the school list. The prepositional case can be divided into two functions (there are more, but we will ignore this): an indication of the object of speech and an indication of the place or time of the action. For example, you can talk about (whom? what?) Square, and you can stand on (whom? what?) Square, think about (whom? what?) room and be in (whom? what?) room. The first case is called "explanatory case" and the second case is called "local". For the square and the room, these forms do not depend on the function. But, for example, at the nose, forest, snow, paradise, years - they depend. We talk about the nose, but the weekend is on our nose; we think about the year, but the birthday is only once a year. You can't walk in the forest, you can only walk in the forest.

The funny thing is that here it is not the preposition that controls the case, but the meaning. That is, if we come up with a construction with the preposition "in", when being in the corresponding place is not meant, we will definitely want to use the explanatory, and not the local case. For example, "I know a lot about the forest." If you say “I know a lot about the forest”, then it immediately seems that you know a lot only when you are in the forest, and, moreover, you forgot to say what exactly you know a lot about.

Vocative case is used when referring to the object expressed by the noun. Two groups of examples are given in different sources. One group includes short forms of names used only when addressing (Vas, Kol, Sing, Len, Ol) and some other words (mum, dad). Another group includes obsolete (female) or religious (God, Lord) forms of address. I don't like the idea of taking this as a case, because it doesn't seem to me that the resulting word is a noun at all. Therefore, by the way, the possessive case in Russian is not a case, since the words "Vasin" or "mother" are not nouns, but adjectives. But what is the part of speech then "Ol"? Somewhere I met the opinion that this is an interjection, and, perhaps, I agree with this. Indeed, "Ol" differs from "hey" only in that it is formed from the name "Olya", but in fact it is just an exclamation aimed at attracting attention.

transformative case (also inclusive) is used in phrases like "went to astronauts" or "ran for president." At school, we were told that all cases except the nominative are indirect, but this is a simplification; the essence of indirection is not entirely in this. The word is put into one of the indirect cases when it is not the subject. In English, there is only one indirect case, which is why it is sometimes called “indirect”. Its forms differ from direct only in a few words (I/me, we/us, they/them, etc.).

If, when analyzing the phrase “he went to astronauts”, we will assume that “cosmonauts” is a plural, then we need to put this word in the accusative case, and it turns out that “he went to (whom? What?) Astronauts” . But they don’t say that, they say “he went to the astronauts”. However, this is not a nominative case for three reasons: 1) there is a preposition before “cosmonauts”, which does not exist in the nominative case; 2) the word "cosmonauts" is not a subject, so this case should be indirect; 3) the word "astronauts" in this context does not answer the questions of the nominative case (who? what?) - you can’t say “who did he go to?”, Only “who did he go to?”. Therefore, we have a transformative case that answers the questions of the accusative, but the form of which coincides with the form of the nominative in the plural.

counting case occurs when using some nouns with numerals. For example, we say “during (whom? What?) Hours”, but “three (whom? What?) Hours, that is, we use not the genitive, but a special, countable case. As another example, the noun "step" is called - supposedly, "two steps". But I think I would say “two steps”, so it is not clear how correct this example is. An independent group of examples are nouns formed from adjectives. In the counting case, they answer the questions of the adjectives from which they originated, and in the plural. For example, “there is no (whom? what?) workshop”, but “two (what?) workshops”. Note that the use of the plural here is not justified by the fact that there are two workshops, because when we have two chairs we say “two chairs”, not “two chairs”; we use the plural only starting with five.

Total. Of all these cunning cases, only the locative and the transformative seem to me to be complete. Waiting also makes some sense, since I don’t like waiting for the “weather” by the sea. Quantitative-separative and deprivative are too slippery and can often be replaced by a genitive, so they can be considered simply options that are preferred in certain cases. I am not ready to consider the vocative as a case at all, because, as I said, it does not seem to me that "uncle" is a noun. Well, and countable - the devil knows. The effect with nouns formed from adjectives can be considered just a glitch of the language, and there seems to be only one example with the hour.

Great and rich, so many subtleties in it that it seems impossible to remember everything. In fact, there is nothing complicated. Just for each question you need to be able to find the right solution. Let's look together at how many cases there are in Russian, what questions they answer, and the easiest way to remember them.

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Definition

What is a fall? To begin with, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the concept itself. . Case is a form that indicates relationship between words. With its help, the proposal can be agreed and formed. For example:

We, joy, accept, he, the team.
We gladly accepted him into the team.

In the first variant, there is simply a set of words that are in no way related to each other. In the second paragraph, thanks to the shape change, we get a complete sentence with a formed thought.

How many cases are there in Russian? The common number is six. That is how much is offered for study by schoolchildren. However, linguists argue that the present number 15. Apparently, in order to simplify the system, it was decided to remove some of them from the curriculum.

Main types

All nouns are comparable to questions and auxiliary expressions. Their interaction with each other is very convenient: if you forget one thing, another can come to the rescue.

Some cases questions match, and to distinguish between them, you can turn to declensions for help.

What are the main cases in Russian.

Nominative

Used to name objects, has the following identifying features:

questions who? - mother. What? - frame;
auxiliary expression "is";
occurs with endings in the singular: I skl: -a, -ya. II: -oh, -e. III:ÿ;
plural: -s, -i, -a, -i.

Marina has always loved to read books. Is there anyone? - Marina (1 class).
The leaves fluttered in the wind. Is there anything? - Leaves (1 cl.).

Genitive

Defines an ownership. To facilitate the memorization of the genitive case in Russian, there are a number of ways:

you can compare it with the expression "no" who? - father. What? Palace;
used with prepositions: at, around, before, with, from, near, without, from, after, about, for;
ending in singular: I skl: -s, -i. II: -a, -z. III: -i;
in the plural: -ov, -ev, -ey.

After my mother left, we were a little upset. No one? - Moms (1st class).
There were no horses in the stable. There is nothing? - Horses (plural).

Dative

It has a hint in the name itself, to pass something to someone. Its features:

defines the last action point;
"give" to whom? - a boy. What? - a glass;
prepositions: by, to;
endings in unit number: I skl: -e, -i. II: -y, -y. III: -i;
in the plural: -am, -yam.

Grandma didn't like our game. Give to whom? - Grandmother (1st class).
Running across the field was a lot of fun. Give what? - Field (2 cl.).

Accusative

Names the action object:

"I see" who? - girlfriend. What? - hand;
prepositions of the accusative case: through, on, in, for, about;
endings in unit number: I skl: -y, -y. II: -o, -e;
in the plural: -, -s, -and, -a, -ya, -her.

It was especially nice to hear from the little sister. I see who? - Sister (1st class).
A dog was running across the bridge. See what? – Bridge (3rd declension.).

Instrumental

The belonging of a part of speech to this case is determined as follows:

"admire" who? - wife. How? - chain mail;
used with prepositions: over, before, under, with, for;
endings in the singular: I declension: -oy, -oy, -ey, -ey. II: -om, -em. III: -e: -yu;
in the plural: -ami, -ami.

Before which stop did you ask to stop? Love what? – Stop (1st line).
Lena and I have been friends since the fifth grade. I love who? - Lena (1 cl.).

Prepositional

Always used with prepositions, and also has the following properties:

most often used prepositions - on, with, about, in, about;
"I dream" about whom? - about a fox. About what? – about the assessment;
endings in unit number: I skl: -e, -i. II: -e, -i. III: -i.
plural: -ah, -ya.

My dream of having a puppy has finally come true. Thinking about who? - Puppy (1 declension.).
A birch grove grew at the court. Think about what? - Yard (1 declension.).

To memorize all the names, children can be asked to learn a short sentence:

Irina
gave birth
girl
Velela
drag
diaper.

Table - cases.

Additional varieties of case forms

Vocative. It could include appeals to someone created by "circumcision". Example: mom, dad, Tan, etc.
Local. Prepositions: at, at, on. Answers the questions: where, on what? Example: on the bedside table, at the school yard.
Dividing. Genitive derivative In russian language. Example: add speed, set the heat.
Countable. Used with numbers. Example: four balls, two cabinets.
Deferral. Indicates starting point of movement. Example: from the garden, from the house.
Depriving. To negate verbs. Example: Can't go, not ready to say goodbye.
Quantitative-determinative. It has similar traits to the parent. Example: a cup of tea.
Waiting. Example: wait for a friend.
Transformative (inclusive). Example: go to the sailors, go to the stewardesses.

Noun declension

Every noun can be inflected. There are 1, 2 and 3 declensions, as well as words related to this part of speech, may be divergent. These include the words "way", "ten", and nouns ending in "me".

Declension of nouns, table.

case	I declension		II declension		III declension
case	Female genus	Husband. genus	Husband. genus	Wed genus	Female genus
Nominative	Road a	pap a Coast I	Watermelon	Zhit about Mor e	Salt
Genitive	Road and	pap s Coast and	Watermelon a Korn I	Zhit a Mor I	Sol and Gran and
Dative	Road e	pap e Coast e	Watermelon at Korn Yu	Zhit at Mor Yu	Sol and Gran and
Accusative	Road at	pap at Coast Yu	Watermelon	Zhit about Mor e	Salt
Instrumental	Road oh An her	pap oh Coast her	Watermelon ohm Korn eat	Zhit ohm Mor eat	Salt Yu edge Yu
Prepositional	Oh dear e About An e	Oh dad e Oh Coast e	About watermelon e Oh corn e	Oh life e Oh mor e	Oh sol and Oh gran and

Attention! Only the nominative case is considered direct, the rest are indirect.

Cases and questions

Case and auxiliary word			Prepositions	Endings by numbers
				Unit h.
						III fold.
Nominative	Who? (father). What? (telephone)	My father always read a lot. The phone rang several times a day.	Without pretexts	-and I	-, -o, -e	—	-s, -i, -a, -i
Genitive	Whom? (parents). What? (inspiration)	There were no parents in the kitchen. I had to draw without inspiration.	Around, at, before, with, from, near, for, from, without, about, after	-s, -and	-and I	-and	-ov, -, ev, -ey
Dative	To whom? (to a kitten). What? (ceiling)	Masha poured milk for the kitten. Garlands were attached to the ceiling.	By, to	-e, -and	-u, -u	-and	-am, -yam
Accusative	Whom? (friend). What? (house)	We invited a friend along. Moving to a new house was not fun.	Through, for, in, on, about	-u, -u	-o, -e	—	-, -i, -s, -a, -i
Instrumental (admire)	By whom? (artist). How? (creation)	She always dreamed of becoming an artist. Katya has been admiring her creation for the fifth hour already.	Under, behind, before, with, over	-oh / oh, -ee / her	-om, -em	-Yu	-ami, -ami
Prepositional	About whom? (about Masha) About what? (about travel)	We didn't even think about Masha. Mom has been thinking about this trip for a long time.	Oh, in, oh, at, on	-e, -and	-e, -and	-and	-ah, -i

How to learn cases easily

How to easily and simply determine the case of a noun and an adjective

Conclusion

For faster and easier memorization, you just need to choose a more convenient option - visual materials. For example, for visual perception easier to work with tables and charts. So cases and questions will not cause you any problems.

The study of cases and their differences.

The Russian language is considered one of the most difficult languages in the world. Of course, it is difficult for anyone to learn non-native vocabulary. But, precisely because of the transformation of words into cases, the Slavic dialect becomes too difficult to understand. Yes, and many native speakers are often confused about this issue, so we will try to figure it out further.

Change of nouns by cases: what is the name?

Change of nouns by cases - called declension.

declination- this is our transformation of the words at the end. And it is necessary so that the words are properly fastened together. In this way, statements are obtained in the Russian lexicon.

Noun- this is the component of the phrase that implies the subject. Both living and non-living. Therefore, it gives answers to the questions posed: who? So what?

Covers very broad concepts:

the name of the items(chair, knife, book)
designation of persons(woman, baby, vegetarian)
naming living beings(dolphin, cat, amoeba)
name of substances(coffee, gelatin, starch)
terms of various factors and cases(fire, intermission, correspondence)
designation of all stays, actions and properties(tearfulness, optimism, running)

There are six different cases:

nominative
genitive
dative
accusative
instrumental
prepositional

Cases of nouns in Russian: a table with questions, prepositions and auxiliary words in the singular

For perception and the fastest assimilation of information, tables are often used. They perfectly show what questions are used.

first declension- nouns of feminine and masculine gender, the ending of which is - a, i
Second declension- masculine nouns without an ending and which end in a soft sign, neuter with an ending - o, e
third declension- these are feminine words that finish with a soft sign at the end

In the plural, also, for better perception, a table is used, which differs, however, only in the ending.

Incorrect use of cases: what kind of error?

It seems that you look at the tables and examples, and everything becomes clear. And you think, what's so difficult about it? And in fact, it turns out that many make mistakes. Despite the fact that they know the material. And, as a rule, these are very common mistakes that require special attention.

Allocate 2 major mistakes which are connected:

with an incorrect definition of the declension of the noun
with inappropriate use of prepositions

Prepositions require special attention:

thanks to
according to
despite
like
contrary to
across

IMPORTANT: These prepositions are used in the dative case.

For example, to maneuver according to (what?) Law. Or, thanks to (what?) friendship with the Fedorov family.

There are also a number of other statements that should be noted. often used in the wrong case:

In view. The current preposition is practiced only in the genitive case. For example, due to an excess (what?) of money.
Such a statement as "together with" requires the instrumental case, since it has the weight of a joint action. For example, to play with (who?) nephew.
Also, suggestion "as well as" also asks for the instrumental case. For example, along with other (what?) things.
But after the expression "on" the adverb asks for a prepositional case. If there is a meaning "after something". For example, at the end of the contract.

How to distinguish the nominative from the accusative?

Every student faces these questions. And adults often face a similar choice. And it is not surprising that these aspects are often confused. After all, the questions are the same inanimate word endings the same, but animate noun endings totally different.

How the nominative case differs from the accusative case: instructions.

Certainly, the question is raised.
Above in the table there was already a reminder that the nominative is guided by questions who? what?(as the main member of the sentence). And accusative - (I see) whom? what?(minor member of the sentence).
And there is a little trick. Because the word in the nominative case will always be main member in a sentence, then we determine the main members of the sentence - the subject and the predicate.
If our word is not the main member of the sentence, therefore, it is in the accusative case, and will be a secondary member of the sentence.
Another technique: put a question to the word being checked in an animated form. For example: who? parrot (subject in the nominative case) pecks what?(whom?) grain (secondary member of the sentence, accusative case).
Also, a significant role goes to the preposition, which is associated with an independent part of speech (or not). In the first variant (nominative case), the noun is always used without pretext. But in the second (accusative case), on the contrary, more often with him ( in, on, for, through and others).
Recognizing the case will also help ending. The table above has already mentioned what kind of completions each case has.

How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive case?

The most important helper is the question you need to ask yourself in your mind. The genitive case is known to respond to questions whom or what No? And here is the accusative case on - see who? Hear what? Question whom? the same in both cases.

Read the instructions below.

Mentally replace an animate object with an inanimate one.
The question is suitable for the inanimate in the genitive case - what is not? But in the accusative, an inanimate object reacts to a question what do I see, what do I hear?
Example: I caught ( whom?) a butterfly. We pose an inanimate question. I caught ( what?) a butterfly. Question what? does not fit. So it's an accusative case.

By the way, in genitive case would mean attachment someone or something. Bought a suitcase for what?) travel (genitive). Nightstand made ( Of what?) from wood (genitive). Also point to a particle of something. A flower is a part (of what?) of a plant (genitive). Or is it going comparison of objects. Smartphone is better what?) push-button telephone (parent).
It is also important that in the genitive case the verb will be with negative particle. In the shop not It was ( what?) sour cream (genitive).
But in accusative has the place is spacious or intermediate touch. Define ( what?) the weather for tomorrow (accusative). And also, the effect passes to the object entirely. For example, I closed ( what?) door (accusative). Drank (what?) milk (accusative). Or will express desire and intention. I want to eat ( what?) Apple.

Indeclinable nouns: list

It seems that all the nuances have been considered, and a little clarification has begun. But it was not there! The Russian language has come up with some more traps - these are nouns that do not decline. And this is where foreigners get a shock.

In short, these are foreign words (practically). But to make it a little clearer, below is a list.

Nouns of foreign origin (proper and common nouns) ending in -о, -е, -у, -ю, -и, -а:
- highway
- interview
- flamingos
Again words of foreign origin. But! Feminine and with a consonant ending:
- madam
- Carmen
Surnames. Russian and Ukrainian, the ending of which ends in -o and -s, their:
- Ivanchenko
- Korolenko
- Sedykh, etc.
And, of course, abbreviations and abbreviations:

Declension of nouns by cases: an example

Rules are rules, and the example is much easier to understand. To make it easier visually, we will also resort to the help of a table.

How to quickly learn cases and their questions?

In principle, there is nothing complicated. If soundly to understand and delve into. And it’s hard not only for visitors from other countries, but also for our children. Therefore, in order for information to be assimilated faster, now they just haven’t come up with anything. But we taught in school years, put a book under the pillow. And, most importantly, it worked! I read it before going to bed, slept all night on a book and already remembered everything.

Of course, many teachers resort to the help of rhymes or games. But parents should help their children in this matter.
First of all, you need to remember how many cases there are. There are only 6 of them.
And then, using the most common and everyday examples, explain to the child what questions the noun answers. This means that cases are easier to determine.
The most important thing is practice! They took the child from the educational institution and go on the bus. Forward! Practice on the words you observe. Even on the bus.
By the way, a small sample of a light rhyme. He and the kids like it, and will help to learn the educational information as soon as possible.

Poem about cases: Ivan gave birth to a girl, ordered to drag a diaper

All parents can repeat this rhyme in unison. After all, he was remembered as "twice two." And most importantly, it is easy for children to perceive.

Ivan (I - nominative)
Gave birth (P - genitive)
Girl, (D - dative)
Velel (V - accusative)
Drag (T - creative)
Diaper (P - prepositional)

Video: How easy is it to learn cases? A simple memorization technique

Russian grammar is one of the most important parts of the language. Grammar allows us to speak confidently correct and without errors. Often the speech of people who do not know grammar sounds very funny, because all the words at the same time sound ridiculous and incoherent. For example, after all, everyone has heard how some foreigner is trying to communicate in Russian. Frankly, they don't work and they look ridiculous. In order not to look like they need to know grammar.

The noun is one of the most important independent parts of speech, which is practically the most common part of speech. It has such inconsistent features as number, case. The case paradigm is change noun depending on the meaning it has in the sentence. In this article, you will learn how to determine cases for nouns what are indirect cases, how to ask them questions correctly, as well as about the cases themselves and their questions.

Cases

The only rule for the correct change of nouns is the correct setting of the ending in connection with the question asked. For native speakers, this is an easy task, but foreigners need to memorize the endings and correctly determine them.

Declension

Also exists 3 types of declension at nouns.

First decline. The name of the creatures. masculine and feminine with the ending -a, -я. For example, a flask, a pig.
Second decline. The name of the creatures. masculine and neuter with the ending -o, -e. For example, a tree, a well.
Third declension. The name of a feminine being with a null ending, or in -ь. For example, horse, horse.

Noun change different declensions.

	Question	1 declension (plural)	2 declension (plural)	3rd declension (plural)
Nominative pad.	who what?	tire (tires), moms (moms)	spaceship (spaceships)	horse (horses)
Parental fall.	who?, what?	tires (tires), moms (moms)	spaceship(s)	horses (horses)
Dative pad.	to whom; to what?	tire (tires), mom (moms)	spaceship (spaceships)	horses (horses)
Accusatory pad.	who?, what?	tire (tires), mom (moms)	spaceship (spaceships)	horse (horses)
Creative pad.	who?, what?	tire (tires), mother (mothers)	by spaceship(s)	horse(s)
Prepositional fall.	About who about what?	about a tire (about tires), about mom (about moms)	about a spaceship (about spaceships)	about a horse (about horses)

In Russian there is such a thing as indirect cases- these are all cases, except for the nominative.

All of them have their meaning:

Determinants

There are many ways to determine the case of a noun. The fastest, easiest and most efficient way to date is to use qualifiers. Different cases can be determined using the following determiners.

The use of determiners makes it easier to change nouns by case. To do this, it is enough to put this word before the noun, and then ask a question and put the correct ending. For each case, it is enough to memorize one word.

In addition, the question is of great importance for determining the case. The table gives an idea of what prepositions are used with case forms of nouns in Russian.

Cases are the foundation of the grammar of the Russian language and everyone is required to know each of them by heart. But remembering all of them is very easy, two days of cramming is enough to remember them for a lifetime. Good luck!

In Russian, word change by cases called inclination. case-- is a certain the form given word. There are six cases in Russian.

Nominative singular is the initial form of a noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral or verb form - participle. For nouns in the nominative case, we will ask questions who? or what?: boy, tree. The nominative case usually belongs to subject in a sentence.

Genitive answers the questions whom? or what?, no boy, no tree.

Dative answers the questions to whom? or what? give to the boy, give to the tree.

Accusative answers the questions whom? ** or ** what? I see a boy, a tree.

AT instrumental nouns we will ask questions by whom? or how?, admiring the boy, the tree.

AT prepositional legitimate questions to the noun about whom? or about what?, I think about the boy, about the tree.

Case, in Russian, is a category of grammar that interacts nouns with other words in a text or sentence. Cases directly depend on the declined noun to one degree or another, while, as a rule, the ending of these words changes. In total, there are six cases in Russian, namely:

1) nominative (answers questions: who? Or what?)

2) genitive (answers the questions: whom? Or what?)

3) dative (answers questions to whom? Or what?)

4) accusative (answers questions: whom? Or what?)

5) creative (answers the questions: by whom? or what?)

6) prepositional (answers questions: about whom? or about what?)

In Russian, a case is a grammatical category that expresses an attitude towards an object denoted by a noun. Modern Russian has 6 cases. Here is a table where you can see all cases, as well as their endings for various genders in the singular and plural.

Case is a grammatical category characteristic of nouns and adjectives. Words can change in cases and this change is called declension. That is, nouns (and adjectives) are declined according to cases. This declension depends on other words that stand next to the given word and determine its case.

In total, there are 6 cases in Russian:

Nominative - who? / what? - friend, bag

Genitive - whom? / What? - friend, bags

Dative - to whom? / what? - friend, bag

Accusative - whom? / what? - friend, bag

Creative - by whom? / by what? - friend, bag

Prepositional - about whom? / about what? - about a friend, about a bag

The case in the Russian language is a separate grammatical category, through which the relation to any subject is expressed. In general, there are cases determined on the basis of the questions asked, and here is the table:

Pay attention to the auxiliary words that help determine the case.

The one below will allow you to study and remember such an important topic in Russian as case well.

A case is called the form of a word, when the word changes in cases - it declines.

But not all parts of speech can have a case and decline in cases.

For example, we can decline nouns, adjectives, pronouns, but we do not decline verbs by case.

There are only six cases in Russian, each case has its own questions for animate and inanimate objects, and also has different endings for the singular and plural.

Table of cases of the Russian language with questions and examples below:

Case is the form of the word in which it is used in Russian. There are six cases in the Russian language, and each of them has its own formulation of the question to which it answers. Here is a case table with prepositions and endings used -

The case is the grammatical basis of the word, shows the syntactic role of the word and connects the words into sentences. To change in cases means to decline a word.

In order for sentences to be logically connected and nouns to be easily perceived, adjective numerals must take the necessary form. To do this, you need to be able to decline correctly, and here we turn to CASE for help.