Indefinite pronouns in English some any no. Using some, any, no
The English language is increasingly penetrating into all cultures, enters our lives and occupies a considerable place in it. The modern world every day requires self-development from a person, and knowledge of foreign languages is included in this list. To speak English is to know and correctly use its basic constructions, taking into account all the nuances, which are many.
For some, a few memorized phrases in English may be enough, but in order to competently and fluently speak a foreign language, you need to study all its features, face its difficulties and understand the whole mechanism of its existence. And even such small particles as some, any, no, the rule of which is used differently in different cases, are important for English.
Pronouns in English
A pronoun is a word that refers to an object or its attribute, but does not name it. In English, there are several groups of pronouns, each of which has its own rules and features of use. One of the main groups is These include I, he, she, it, we, you, they, as well as the same pronouns in the objective case. The second group - It includes that, this and their forms into Possessive pronouns are my, his, her, its, our, you're and theirs. And a large place among these groups is occupied by pronouns some, any, no. The rule for each of the groups is different, but in general they create a system that is an integral part of the English language.
pronoun some
Some in English means "some", "several", "some". This pronoun is mostly used in affirmative sentences. For example:
I have some books. - I have some books.
You buy some buns. - You bought some buns.
About the nuances of use some, any, no the rule says that the first can be used in interrogative sentences if they are talking about a proposal or a request.
Would you like some milk? - Would you like some milk?
Give me, please, some water. - Give me some water, please.
With a wide variety of interpretations, the question may arise: when how to understand the translation of this word? That is why English is so varied. Some, any- there is a rule for any case of their use. If the pronoun some characterizes something in the singular, then it is translated as "some", and if in the plural, then "several". But if it is a plural uncountable, then the translation will sound like “a little”.
pronoun any
Some or any- the rule of their translation is almost the same. Pronoun any although it has its own nuances of use, it is generally interpreted like the previous pronoun, namely “some”, “several”, “some”. Also any can be used in the meaning of "any". Much is the same when applied some or any. The rule says that they must be used before the noun they characterize.
Have you got any juice? - Do you have any juice? (some juice)
I don't have any ideas. - I don't have any ideas.
Any usually used in negative and interrogative sentences. If this pronoun is combined with a particle not, then it will have the value "none". Also any often not translated at all.
She didn't make any mistakes in her test. - She didn't make any mistakes in the test.
Have you got any books here? - Do you have any books here?
Pronoun no
no translated as "not at all", "none". This pronoun occurs exclusively in negative sentences and is used with all nouns in the singular and plural. the main task no- to indicate the absence of something or someone.
I have no money today. - I have no money today.
There are no information in the newspaper. - There is no information in the newspaper.
Between not and no there is a big difference: the former is used for the verb, the latter before the noun.
Some, any - rule, derived table
Thanks to the above pronouns, you can create other words when talking about things, places or people. Some, any, no- the rule of their use allows you to combine them with other particles and get new pronouns. The English language is so multifaceted that even such operations are possible in it. But for their competent implementation, deep, fundamental knowledge is required.
| some + | any + | No+ | |
| Things | Something | Anything | Nothing |
| People | Somebody, somebody | Anybody, anyone | Nobody, no one |
| Places | Somewhere | Anywhere |
Rules for using derivatives of some, any, no
The rule for using derivatives of these pronouns is simple, but still worth attention for building literate speech.
- Derivatives from these pronouns are used when the speech does not indicate where, what or who performs the action.
- For a short answer, the forms nobody, nothing, or nowhere are suitable. They also need to be used when the affirmative form, but the task is to build a negative sentence.
- Somebody, nobody are equivalent in meaning to someone, no one. They are applied according to the same rules, and the meaning of the sentence does not change from such a replacement.
- Anybody, anything, anywhere should be used with negative verbs or in questions.
Usage table
Pronouns some, any- a rule, a table of their use - all this needs to be learned and put into practice for assimilation.
The English language is rich in grammatical structures, and you need to know all of them to speak the language at a high level. Pronouns some, any, no occupy one part of a hundred, but these structures need to be paid attention to. Like Russian, English has various word forms that make it richer and brighter. The derivatives of these pronouns play the same important role as their stems, creating new concepts and meanings. These rules need to be honed, regularly created examples of their use, taught and understood. English seems complicated when you expect its grammar to be too simple. But in fact, if you make an effort, all these designs will be remembered quickly and without difficulty.
Dear readers, you often ask us questions and ask for help. We are happy to help everyone, check your assignments and create articles with explanations. Lately, we have received several emails asking us to explain how to use the words some, any, no in sentences. According to your requests, keep the long-awaited article! If you are not always sure what you are using some, any, no If so, then you will definitely need this information.
Any- a determiner that implies a certain amount, is used with countable and uncountable nouns when a specific amount is not important or it is not necessary to indicate it. Any used in interrogative sentences any; any amount; some), but, as a rule, it is not translated into Russian. As well as any occurs in negative sentences ( none, none, none), where it can be translated into Russian:
Have you got any questions? - Do you have (any, any) questions?
Did you buy any milk? - Have you bought (any; any quantity) milk?
Were there any celebrities? - Were there (any, any) celebrities?
I cannot see any pictures. - I don't see (any) pictures.
We have not read any letters. We haven't read (any) letters.
There is not any furniture in the room. - There is no (no) furniture in the room.
no- a determinant that denotes the complete absence of something. Used in negative sentences. no is a stronger determinant than not any, conveys the idea of absence more emphatically, although both sentences are translated into Russian in the same way:
Usually, countable nouns in the plural, uncountable nouns are used after no, but in certain contexts it is also possible to use no with singular countable nouns:
I have got no friends. - I do not have friends.
She has no husband. - She doesn't have a husband.
Having a sentence with the word some, you can form its interrogative form (with any) and two negative sentences (c no and not any). If this topic is new to you, then at first you will still think about what word to use, but in the future you will learn how to build different types of statements automatically:
We introduced you to the basics of using the words some, any, no. However, that's not all. There are some more nuances, you can say exceptions, which you also do not hurt to remember.
As stated above, some most often used in affirmative sentences. Exceptions are interrogative sentences in which something is offered or asked:
Do you mind if ...?
Can I have some...?
Would you like...?
Would you like some tea? - Would you like (some) tea?
Do you mind if I take some cake? - Do you mind if I take (some) cake?
Can I have some water? - Can I have (some) water?
Some is also used in questions when they expect a "Yes" answer, and to make it clear that they are waiting for an affirmative answer:
In addition to indefinite quantity, some denotes the indefiniteness of the subject itself (some) when used with a count noun. If you want to show that an object or person is unknown or of little interest to you, do it with the help of the word some:
As it turned out, some can be found in the question. May be, any used in affirmative sentences? Yes, it is used. But not in all, but in some cases.
Any is used in, after if:
If you have any questions, just ask me. - If you have any questions, just ask me.
If they leave any messages, you must inform me. - If they leave any messages, you must inform me.
Any is used in statements to mean "any", "whatever", "doesn't matter which" to emphasize the idea of free choice:
You can choose any dress, it will be my present for you. - You can choose any dress, it will be my gift.
If you do not know the way to the laboratory, ask any student. - If you do not know how to get to the laboratory - ask any student.
If any is used in this sense, it is emphasized in the sentence.
After words with a negative meaning: never, hardly, without is used any, not some:
That's all you need to know about words some, any, no. Of course, each of these words has additional features, but we will talk about them in our next publications.
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Some are used in affirmative sentences, and the pronoun any It is customary to use in negative and conditional sentences, as well as in general questions.
Most often these pronouns are used with the meaning some, some and some. When they are used before plural nouns, then they are not translated into Russian as separate words.
He told me some interesting stories. He told me some interesting stories.
Have you got any articles about history? Do you have any historical articles?
She didn`t make any mistakes in her dictation. She did not make a single mistake in her dictation.
Pronouns can also be used as plural nouns. Examples:
My friend wants to get some new books, and I bought some for him. My friend wanted new books and I bought some for him.
She asked me for some papers, but I hadn`t any. She asked me for some paper, but I didn't have any.
Different meanings of pronouns
Some and any can also be used with meaning some, some, some. Before uncountable nouns:
Give her some water, Fred. Give her water, Fred.
There wasn't any sugar in the kitchen. There was no sugar in the kitchen.
Have we bought any ink for our office? We bought ink for our office?
Some (and not the pronoun any) is found both in special questions and in general questions that contain some kind of request.
Where can we get some wine? Where can we get wine?
Why didn't she buy some food? Why didn't she buy some food?
Can Greg have some water? Could Greg get water?
With meaning, the some part is used before uncountable nouns. Examples:
Some of the wheat was packed bags. Part of the wheat was packed in bags.
Some as value approximately used before numerals (together with about).
There were some twenty people in the room. There were about twenty people in the room (twenty people).
He waited for friends some ten minutes. He waited for friends for about ten minutes (ten minutes).
Pronoun any can be used in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with the meaning anyone and anyone before countable and uncountable nouns.
We can buy this cheese at any shop. We can buy this cheese in any store.
Can I get this milk at any shop? Can I get this milk at any store?
Derivatives from pronouns
The pronouns some and any combined with words like one, body and thing form other indefinite pronouns: someone, somebody - someone and somebody, anyone, anybody somebody, something - something and anything, anything - anything. Such pronouns are always used as subjects or objects. Examples:
Give me something to eat. Give me something to eat.
Someone is looking in the window. Someone is looking out the window.
There isn`t anybody in the classroom. There is no one in the classroom.
Did she meet anyone in the museum? Did she meet someone at the museum?
Pronoun no
The pronoun no is usually used as an adjective pronoun before nouns in both the singular and the plural. At no in this case the same value as not ... but(when it is found as countable nouns in the singular) and not ... any(when it comes before plural countable nouns and before uncountable nouns).
I have no book. = I haven "t a book. I don't have a book.
I have no time for a walk today. = I don’t have time for a walk today.
Instead of no as a pronoun-noun, the pronoun pope is used, which replaces a countable noun (singular and plural) and an uncountable noun.
In English grammar, special attention should be paid to the category of indefinite pronouns, which includes such pronouns as some, any, little, few, every, much, etc.
These pronouns are studied in separate topics, usually in pairs:
some/any;
Either/neither;
Much/many, etc.
This article will cover in detail the pronouns some and any, which are used in different meanings. To present information in a convenient, structured form, all of it is listed in a table.
Usage table for Some and Any
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1. Some and any are used in meaning before plural nouns. |
They sent me some boxes of salt - They sent me some boxes of salt. | |
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| 2. Some and any are used in meaning some, some, someinstead of plural nouns. | Some (in affirmative sentences) | Clients of our company wanted to look at the new products and we showed them some - Clients of our company wanted to look at new products, and we showed them some. |
| Any (in interrogative and negative sentences) | Tom asked me for some tickets but I hadn "t any - Tom asked me for tickets, but I didn't have any. | |
| 3. Some and any are used in meaning before uncountable nouns. However, they are often not translated into Russian. | Some (in affirmative sentences) | Add some oil, please - Add some oil, please. |
| Any (in interrogative and negative sentences) | We don "t have any work in May - We don't have work in May. | |
| 4. Some and any are used in meaning some, some, a littleinstead of uncountable nouns. | Some (in affirmative sentences) | We need some salt. Please pass me some - We need salt. Pass me the salt, please. |
| Any (in interrogative and negative sentences) | I have lost my money on my way home. Have you got any? I lost my money on the way home. You have money? | |
| 5. In special matters some is used, not any. |
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| 6. Some is used in the meaning of some before plural nouns. | Some animals die in cold weather - In cold weather, some animals die. | |
| 7. Some is used with the meaning part before uncountable nouns. | Some of the fuel was found in the forest - Some of the fuel was found in the forest. | |
| 8. Any is used in any sentence in the meaning of any, any with uncountable nouns or countable nouns in the singular. |
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