Night stagecoach. Golden Rose

1. Between homogeneous members of a sentence, connected only intonation, is usually placed comma: Questions, exclamations, storiesshowered vying with each other(T.); Zotovfrowned, stopped writing, swayedon the chair(Pan.); Pale lights walked quietly in the water,flashing, fading, floatingto the surfaceleavingagain into the mysterious and terrible depths(Kor.).

Notes:
1. No comma is included:
1) between two verbs in the same form, indicating the movement and its purpose or forming a single semantic whole (there are no homogeneous members in such combinations): I'll come and visit(L.T.); go seeTimetable of classes; Look do not stumble;comingyourselflooks;We are having breakfast;Try to defineto taste; Sit down from your breath;Let's not waitspring;
2) in stable expressions: For everything abouteveryone scolds her(Cr.); Out of the blueoffended; Chatted about this and that;
3) between a noun and an application to it (definition), in which the same preposition is repeated: I would be ashamedwith a sister with a girl;Selectedfrom a girl, from an orphan.
2. They are not homogeneous members of the sentence and are not separated by a comma, but are connected hyphen:
1) paired combinations of a synonymic character: Will run the businessany-expensivelook(Sharp); I need,at the very least,eight brigades(Nick.); make sewn-covered; blizzards broke out; tell the truth-truth; nice dear person; there is no end; she bursts into laughter; with joy-fun curls curl; well, off we go; everything spun, spun; he is my friend; she is crying; tell about their life-life; this old robber thief; what is the benefit here? customs-orders have changed; we will ask him, pray; what to call you-dignify; I beg you to pardon; how they deigned to sleep, rest; stench-smoke all around; traded without data, duty-free; brought this and that;
2) antonymic pair combinations: formulate questions and answers; export-import expanded; terms of sale; mark the income-expense; receiving and issuing books; hardness-softness of consonants; run up and down; move back and forth;
3) paired combinations of an associative nature: young greenI still didn’t look at it with my own eyes(Lesk.); funny dance songs; go to the forest for mushrooms and berries; treat with barn-salt; serve tea-sugar; brought bowls; different birds-fishes are found there; knives and forks rattle; tie hand and foot; indicate your first name; they are all siblings; our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will remember us; began to feed and drink all the guests; stop eating and drinking.
3. Outwardly similar designs differ; compare: To complete the project, you will needweek, other(with the second homogeneous member of the sentence, the word is omitted a week). - Let's playa batch or two(a combination close to a compound word, and not a listing of homogeneous members).
Combinations with numerals also differ; compare: We'll have to wait for the agonizingthree fourdays(enumeration). - Work will be completed ineight - tendays ( in the meaning of "from ... to", see § 8, paragraph 1). - He will return intwo threedays(in the meaning of "or"; see § 8, paragraph 1).

2. To enhance expressiveness and intonation articulation, it is allowed to stage dash between homogeneous members of the sentence: The chain of events comes to mind:Vera's arrival - acquaintance - conversations about literature and art - explanation - refusal - parting;Everyone says the same thing:Rasputin - queen - Germans - war - the revolution(M.G.).

3. Common homogeneous members of a sentence, especially if there are commas inside them, can be separated semicolon:In the darkness, the same obscure objects vaguely appeared: in some distanceblack wall,the samemoving spots;next to mehorse rump,which, wagging its tail, widely spread its hind legs;back in a white Circassian coat,on which a rifle in a black case swayed and a white pistol head in an embroidered holster was visible;cigarette light,illuminating a blond mustache, a beaver collar and a hand in a suede glove(L.T.).

4. When contrasting between homogeneous members of a sentence that are not connected by unions, put dash: Not far offdeath isbehind(T.); not to heavensomeone else's homeland - I composed songs for my homeland(N.); He wanteddo not speak - shoutabout it; For me it was more than justfamiliar- relativesfriend,sensitivementor;It wasnot a memory, notfreshthought - rather somethingsimilar to an old dream;Henot upsetvice versa, -rejoiced;Henotwhatcomposes - fantasizes.

§ 10. Homogeneous and non-homogeneous definitions

1. Between homogeneous definitions not connected by unions, put comma.

The definitions are homogeneous:

1) if they indicate the distinctive features of different objects: Crowds of kidsblue, red, whiteshirts stand on the shore(M.G.);

2) if they denote different features of the same object, characterizing it on the one hand: A mighty, violent, deafening downpour pouredsteppe(Bub.). In this case, each of the definitions directly relates to the noun being defined, a coordinating union can be inserted between the definitions: sound, unmoving, healthy sleep(T.); rainy, dirty, dark autumn(Ch.); empty, deserted beach(Ser.); hard, hard work(Er.); strong, resolute, firm word(Furm.); fat, lazy gophers; black, bare trees; dark, reckless, dangerous thoughts; impudent, arrogant, angry face; light, casual, engaging conversation; strict, sharp, jerky team; rotten, green water of the swamp; thick, heavy, opaque liquid; arrogant, capricious face; defiant, impermissible tone; refined, noble, graceful manners; cheerful, bright holiday; great, proud, formidable name; sweet, kind woman; bizarre, menacing shadows; wrinkled, decrepit old woman; hard, prickly, piercing look; thick, shapeless legs; rough, wild, cruel customs of the Middle Ages; an old, faded dress; zealous, frenzied commitment to art; thick, suffocating dust; backward, dark, superstitious people; good-natured, affectionate old man; sharp, intelligent look; hot, cloudless day; long, narrow corridor; a deaf, deserted place; kind, sad, embarrassed eyes; peaceful, calm life; warm, still, dense air; neat, clean, cheerful kids; severe, courageous face; unfamiliar, mysterious, magnificent world of the jungle; hard, painful path; picturesque, meandering river; fresh, grey-green hay; thick, strong man; juicy, fatty leaves of a shrub;

3) if, characterizing the object from different angles, in the conditions of the context they are united by some common feature (appearance, similarity of the impression they make, reference to a distant general concept, causal relationship, etc.): It melted in the skyone small goldenlittle cloud(M.G.) - appearance; Water flows over the pebbles and hidesfilamentous, emerald green algae(Sol.) - general external impression; Withpale, wrinkledface, he suddenly jumped up and grabbed his head(Ch.) - a general concept (“changed from excitement”); It was lunar, clearevening(Ch.) (“lunar, and therefore clear”); resoundedterrible, deafeningthunderclap("terrible, because deafening"); cameheavy, darktime(“heavy, therefore gloomy”); He covered his eyesred, inflamedover the centuries(“red because inflamed”); deserted, inhospitable house; stuffy, oppressive darkness; grey, continuous, fine rain; thick, black smoke; pale, stern face; dusty, ragged people; heavy, evil feeling; senile, colorless eyes; distant, dark corner; proud, brave look; clean, new suit.

Heavy, coldthe rays lay on the tops of the surrounding mountains(L.); Seen somewhere in the skystill, noctilucent clouds(T.); Large, puffybeads in three rows wrapped aroundswarthy, thinneck(T.); He handed mered, swollen, dirtyhand(T.); Peter was nowhandsome, ruddy, fifteen years oldboy(L.T.); Cute, hard, redher lips still puckered as before(L.T.); Show everyone that thismotionless, gray, dirtylife bored you(Ch.); met himskinny, hunchbackedold woman(Ch.); He pinched his fingersthin, fluffymustache(M.G.); ATthick, darkhair shone with gray strands(M.G.); Grey, smallthe Vlasovs' house more and more attracted the attention of the settlement(M.G.); Smooth, monotonousthe muttering is interrupted(Ser.); ... Having washed down with pink, sour, fragrantwine(Cat.);

4) if, under the conditions of the context, synonymous relations are created between the definitions: Nastalidark, heavydays(T.); cold, metalliclight flashed on thousands of wet leaves(Gran.); Withmiraculous,with almost magical ease he wielded his instrument; solid, hopeless darkness; transparent, clean air; red, angry face; timid, apathetic character; thick, heavy oil; quiet, modest life; white, strong teeth; cheerful, good-natured smile; proud, independent look; remote, deserted lane; dry, cracked earth; harsh, stubborn character; happy, mischievous, boyish smile;

5) if they are artistic definitions: Some grasshoppers crackle together, and tiring ... thisincessant, sour and drysound(T.); Hispale blue glasseyes ran(T.); The old woman closedlead, extinguishedeyes(M.G.); the same when using the definition-adjective in a figurative sense: the boy's round, fish-eyed eyes; thin, crane legs;

6) if they form a semantic gradation (each subsequent definition reinforces the sign it expresses): In autumn, the feather-grass steppes completely change and receive theirspecial, unique, uniqueview(Ax.); Arriving home, Laevsky and Nadezhda Fyodorovna went into theirdark, stuffy, boringrooms(Ch.); Joyful, festive, radiantthe mood was bursting(Ser.);

7) if a single definition is followed by a definition expressed by participial turnover: little-known mounds located on the outskirts; an ancient wooden figurine blackened by time; a small, carpeted platform; black, neatly combed hair; a thin face furrowed with deep wrinkles; an empty, snow-covered field; early, slightly played dawn; hard, poorly shaved chin(cf. with a different word order: badly shaved hard chin).

Wed in the language of fiction: In the chest I foundyellowed, written in no-Latinhetman's charter(Paust.); It was somehow no-good sad in thissmall, already touched by late autumngarden(Hump.); That wasthe first, not obscured by any fearsjoy of discovery(Gran.); On thewhite, carefully ironedtablecloths appeared bear meat, dried locust ...(Azh.); View of thetall, slightly rosyfirmament(EAT.); Throughsmall, icywindow ... moonlight broke through(Closed).

But: black spots appeared on the tablecloth; hare half-worn collar; large material collected by the author etc. - the first definition refers to the combination of the second definition with a noun;

8) if they stand after the noun being defined (in this position, each of the definitions is directly related to the noun and has the same semantic independence): I saw a young womanbeautiful, kind, intelligent, charming(Ch.); I will then possess the trutheternal, undeniable(T.).

Possible derogations:

a) in poetic speech, which is connected with the rhythm and melody of the verse: Hello blue autumn days(Br.);

b) in combinations of terminological nature: late winter pear; pipes thin-walled electrowelded corrosion-proof; overhead electric drift crane; gray cloth trousers; aster early terry;

9) if they are opposed to a combination of other definitions with the same defined word: Not long ago in our area stoodlow, woodenat home and nowhigh, stone;In the window of the ticket office stretched outlarge, malehands, thensmall, female;

10) a special case is the so-called explanatory definitions, when a comma is placed between the definitions if the second of them explains the first (a union can be inserted between them i.e or namely): Inside the house the rooms were filledordinarysimple furniture(T.); With quick steps I passed a long "area" of bushes, climbed a hill and ... saw completelyother,to meunfamiliarplaces(T.); With a good feeling of hope fornew, betterlife he drove up to his house(L.T.); Evening was approaching, and in the air stood thatspecial, heavystuffiness that portends a thunderstorm(M.G.); At allothers, urbansounds were heard from outside and inside the apartment(Cat.); …Normal, peacefulcoexistence of states; was of interestand anotherextra work; Soon we will enterinto the newXXI century. In these cases, the second definition appears not as a homogeneous one, but as an explanatory one (see § 23). The possibility of punctuation options is explained by different interpretations of the meaning of the sentence; compare: I want to buyother leatherbriefcase(I already have a leather briefcase). - I want to buyother, leatherbriefcase(I have a briefcase, but not leather).

2. There is no comma between heterogeneous definitions.

Definitions are heterogeneous if the preceding definition does not refer directly to the noun being defined, but to the combination of the subsequent definition with this noun: Alyosha gave himsmall folding roundmirror(Available) (cf.: a round mirror - a folding round mirror - a small folding round mirror); The old mother laid out the grapes onlow round Tatartable(L.T.); … Do you imaginenasty southern countysmall town?(Cupr.); Early severe winterthe dawn broke through the dead haze(F.).

Heterogeneous definitions characterize an object from different angles, in different respects, i.e., they express features related to different generic (general) concepts: In the corner of the living roompot-bellied hazelthe Bureau(G.) - form and material; Magic underwater islands ... quietly passwhite roundclouds(T.) - color and shape; We lived in the basementlarge stoneHouses(M.G.) - size and material; Once upon a time I had a chance to swim along a gloomy Siberian river(Kor.) - quality and location.

If such features are united by a common generic concept, such definitions can become homogeneous: A large stone house has been allocated for the tourist base - the unifying sign "comfortable".

Depending on the style of speech, some examples allow a different understanding, and in connection with this, different intonation and punctuation; compare: It was these new, large, high-rise buildings that basically determined the face of the city.(Cat.) - in fiction; New large multi-storey buildings were built- in business speech. Wed also: In the distance, tiny, motionless lights could be seen. There were tiny, still lights in the distance.

Inhomogeneous definitions are expressed:

1) a combination of relative adjectives or participles and relative adjectives: summer health camp; marble quadrangular columns; unpublished author's rough sketches; twisted iron staircase; neglected orchard;

2) a combination of qualitative and relative adjectives: high rare last year's reeds; brand new yellow chairs; clean print striped dress; huge black disk-shaped anti-tank mines; uneven clay daubed floor; unironed gray linen towel; beautiful small oval mirror; luxurious carved gilded frame; new high economic frontiers; interesting oblong swarthy face; fashionable fluffy curled wig; thick protruding lower lip; thick curved high eyebrows.

Wed in the language of fiction: The bright winter sun peeked through our windows(Ax.); A tall blue Viennese carriage rode at a fast trot along a wide, large, highwayless road.(L.T.); Snowdrifts covered with thin ice crust(Ch.); Suddenly a horse alarm neighing was heard in the darkness(F.);

3) less often - a combination of quality adjectives: tiny white fluffy dog; soft thick black curls; huge amazing dark blue swallowtails(Shv.); milk jug with thick yellow cream(Cupr.); a light, subdued whisper(T.).

Punctuation has been discussed above with agreed definitions. Inconsistent definitions tend to be homogeneous: A young man enteredabout twenty-five years old, shining with health, with laughing cheeks, lips and eyes(Gonch.).

§ 11. Homogeneous and non-homogeneous applications

1. Between homogeneous applications that are not connected by unions, put comma.

Applications are homogeneous if they characterize a person or an object on the one hand, indicate similar features: Oblomov,nobleman by birth, collegiate secretary by rank,living without a break for the twelfth year in St. Petersburg(Gonch.) - applications after the word being defined, as well as definitions, are homogeneous; Fifteen versts from my estate lives a man I know,young landowner, retired guards officer,Arkady Pavlych Penochkin(T.) - in pre-revolutionary Russia, guards officers were, as a rule, landowners-nobles; Military gymnasium teacher, collegiate registrarLev Pustyakov lived next to his friend, lieutenant Ledentsov(Ch.) - the relationship between the profession-position and civil rank in pre-revolutionary educational institutions; Dean of the Facultycandidate of technical sciences, associate professorS. I. Sergeev - academic degree and academic title; Young beautiful womanpoetess Ivanova.

The names of academic degrees and academic titles, honorary titles appear in the general series as homogeneous applications: full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor E. V. Orlov; Honored Worker of Science and Technology, Head of the Department of Strength of Materials, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor AI Sokolov; Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Vice-Rector for Research S. G. Belyaev.

2. There is no comma between heterogeneous applications.

Heterogeneous applications characterize a person or object from different angles: commander of the Soyuz-40 spacecraft, Hero of the Soviet Union, Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR L. I. Popov; author of the book journalist Yuri Zhukov; head of the department professor G. V. Stepanov; head of the laboratory, Candidate of Chemical Sciences V. K. Leonova; country record holder Muscovite Cochin; participant of the exhibition artist Nedogonov; Candidate of Technical Sciences Captain-engineer S. T. Petrov; ex-world chess champion grandmaster V. Smyslov; Senate Republican leader Senator Smith, chairman of the subcommittee.

Note. Heterogeneous applications before the noun being defined become homogeneous in the position after the word being defined; compare: production innovator turnerIlyin - Ilyin,production innovator, turner.
Military ranks immediately before the surname are not homogeneous in relation to previous applications: unit commander captain 2nd rank E. L. Leonov; Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Major General S. G. Sorokin; Hero of Russia, test pilot 1st class, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Colonel N. N. Ivanov.
But: colonel of the medical service,Corresponding Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor I.P. Petrov - a common application denoting a military rank does not appear directly before the surname.

§ 12. Homogeneous members of a sentence connected by non-repeating unions

1. Between homogeneous members of a sentence connected by single connecting unions and yes(in the meaning of "and"), yes and, no comma: Hourlyreachedto the opposite cornerand turnedback(F.); I only sawtopswillowYeswindingedgeopposite shore(Ch.); I'm listening to,I listen and sleep(M.G.).

2. If union and has an attached meaning (with the help of this union, a heterogeneous member of the sentence can also be attached), then a comma is placed before it: [Lizaveta Ivanovna] was pouring tea, andwas reprimanded for spending too much sugar;she read novels aloud, andwas to blame for all the mistakes of the author;she accompanied the countess on her walks, andwas responsible for the weather and for the pavement(P.); People often laugh at him, andfair(Pan.). (On the connecting members of the sentence, see § 24.)

3. When indicating suddenness, unexpectedness of the onset of an action, or if there is a shade of opposition before the union and, connecting two one-native predicates, put dash, less often - ellipsis:My horsepondered - and jumped(L.); Wanted to go aroundthe whole world- and did not go aroundhundredth part(Tr.); … Lisaraisedeyes on the father - and suddenlysplashedhands(Dost.); Then Alexei ... with all his mightrushedunt with both hands - and right therelost consciousness(Floor.); Hisaccuse - and justify, reproach - and protect;Burminturned pale ... and rushedat her feet(P.); Receiving no answer, Dunyaraisedhead ... and with a cryfellon the carpet(P.).

Less often in these cases, a dash is placed after the union I: So Ijudged everythingand suddenlymade up my mind(Dost.); asksaturday checkoutand- marchto the village(M.G.).

4. Before the union and, followed by a demonstrative pronoun that (that, that, those), used to reinforce the meaning of the preceding noun, the comma is not put: A child wouldn't do that either; The best medicine will not help even now; There was not the slightest scratch; compare: On Sunday, and then they come running with business(Ketl.).

5. Before non-repeating dividing unions or, either no comma is placed between homogeneous members of a sentence: Flowers are the best to pickmorning or evening(Paust.); …I will comein the spring to youeither goto the Caucasus(Bat.).

6. Between homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by means of opposing unions a, but yes(meaning "but") however, but etc., subordinating unions (concession, conditional) though, if, let, put comma:Now the sea shone alreadynot entirelyonlyin several places(Cat.); It waslight, butin autumnboring(M.G.); At a glance, hegood yes green(Cr.); daysovercast but warm(Ax.); Our sheltersmall but calm(L.); Questioncontroversial yet important.Yes it waslovely thoughand a fewsadcity(Paust.); The case is exceptional, if not the only one.of a kind.

7. After the last homogeneous member of the sentence, attached by an adversative or subordinating union and not ending the sentence, a comma is not put, i.e. it is not isolated: Notclan, and I will put the mind in governors(P.); Every evening the sun went downin the sea, not in the cloudsand it was cranberry(Yu.K.); They receivedsmall but comfortableapartment; Delivereddifficult but interestingtask; heardplaintive if not humiliateda request to spare his pride; The movie tellsfirst, albeit undividedlove; Receivedimportant, though not conclusiveintelligence; At the girldangerous because it's contagiousdisease.

But if the definition attached by means of a subordinating union has the character of a refinement, then it is isolated, that is, after it is placed comma (see § 22, paragraph 4).

After a homogeneous member of the sentence, attached by the union as well as or and then, the comma is not put, i.e. it is not isolated: Universalliteracypopulation, andalsowidepropagandascientific knowledge should contribute to the steady growth of culture in our country; It happensdifficult and even impossibledeal with the situation immediately.

In the presence of introductory words linking homogeneous members of the sentence, a comma is not placed after the second of them: As a resultforceelectromagneticfieldspassing signals, andmeans the power of receptionincrease many times over;Weird, if you like - defianttone had an unpleasant effect on those around him.

§ 13. Homogeneous members of a sentence connected by repeating unions

1. Between homogeneous members of a sentence connected by repeating unions and…and, yes…yes, neither…neither, or…or, either…either, then…that, not that…not that etc., put comma:This exclamation wasand admiration, and gratitude, and love(Paust.); There are whiteshirtsbab,Yesvariegatedshirtsmen,yes voices, yes jinglenimble braids(N.); Neither to the right, nor to the left, neither on the water, nor on the shoreThere was no one(Guide.); Everyone always forgot in the kitchenor a hat, or a whipfor other dogsor something similar(G.); With strangersI was either shy or put on airs(M.G.); Roadthen failedbetween mountain ridgesthen roseon rounded hills(Leon.); Not thoughts, not memories, not dreamswandered in Olenin's head(L.T.); Either from the heat, or from a groantiredness approached(Bagr.).

2. With two homogeneous members of the sentence with repeated union and the comma is not put if a close semantic unity is formed (usually such homogeneous members do not have explanatory words with them): It was all aroundand light and green(T.); He woreboth summer and winterold jockey hat(Paust.); The coastal strip, crossed by capes, leftand to the other side(Sem.); He wasand happy and sadat the same time.

Such semantic units are formed by words with associative (often antonymous) connections: and brother and sister; both parents and children; and father and mother; both with son and daughter; and friends and enemies; and glory and shame; and sight and hearing; both body and soul; and deaf and dumb; and sea and mountains; and music and singing; and poetry and prose; and love and hate; and joy and sorrow; both winter and summer; and knives and forks; and saucers and cups; both he and she.

3. If there are explanatory words with one of the two homogeneous members of the sentence, a comma is placed between them: Felled aspens crushed both grass and smallbush(T.); Everything around has changed: andnature and characterforests(L.T.).

4. Inside phraseological expressions with two repeated conjunctions and...and, neither...nor no comma: and day and night; and laughter and grief; both old and young; and so and so; and here and there; and hither and thither; neither be nor me; no more, no less; neither brother nor matchmaker; neither back nor forward; neither yes nor no; neither give nor take; not two nor one and a half; neither bottom nor tire; neither day nor night; neither alive nor dead; for nothing; no end no edge; neither more nor less; neither ours nor yours; no answer, no greeting; neither peahen nor raven; break a leg; neither fish nor fowl; out of the blue; neither light nor dawn; neither to himself nor to people; neither hearing nor spirit; neither stand nor sit down; neither way nor that way; neither this nor that; neither one nor the other; neither this nor that; neither whoa nor well; neither here nor there; neither subtract nor add; neither shaky nor wobbly.

But: The order will be completed exactly on time,neither earlier nor later- there is a combination of homogeneous members of the sentence with repeated unions, and not a frozen expression. Wed in proverbs and sayings: Not a candle to God, not a poker to hell; Neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan.

5. Between homogeneous members of a sentence with a repeating union and, if the first and is connecting (stands after the dot), put comma: And rememberedpast andtriedexplain to yourself how it happened.

6. If the number of homogeneous members of the sentence is more than two, and the union is repeated before each of them, except for the first, then comma placed between them all: Leaves in the fieldturned yellow, and whirl, and fly, Linen, and canvases, and yarncarry; And around weresmoke and fight and death(M.G.); Choppy and broken soundrushed and jumped and ransomewhere away from others(Andr.); Other owners have already growncherries, or lilacs, or jasmine(F.); Only mallowsyes marigolds, yes twisted panychbloomed somewhere in the yards(Pan.); All evening Lensky was distracted,either silent or cheerfulagain(P.).

7. Between all homogeneous members of the sentence comma it is also put in the case when only a part of them is connected by repeated unions, and the rest are connected by an unionless connection: Heblind, stubborn, impatient, and frivolous, and arrogant(P.); your alivesilence,your dashingbad weather,yourforests,yourmeadows,and lush Volgacoast,and Volga joyfulwater- everything is nice to me(Yaz.).

8. If two homogeneous members of a sentence with a union and form a pair closely related in meaning, connected by a union and with the third homogeneous member, the comma is not put: Water long agosoldin Terek and quicklyran away and dried upalong the ditches(L.T.) - pair group ran away and dried up with a common minor member along the ditches both verbs are imperfective, unlike the first verb-predicate sold; Long before dawn Ilyinichnafloodedbake and in the morning alreadybakedbreadand driedtwo bags of crackers(Sh.) - pair group baked and dried with the general circumstance of time by the morning; Lyubka was a girldirect and fearlessand even in their own waypersistentin cases where she did not love someone(F.); The horse snorts and spins with its ears,splashes and splashes and floats far away(L.); The first sound of his voice wasweak and unevenand, it seemed, did not come out of his chest, but was brought from somewhere far away(T.); Pass thefire and water and copper pipes(line); He wasyoung and inquisitive and saw fittake every opportunity to broaden your horizons. Wed also: Quiet and smoothyes God's grace(line); live and liveyes good to make(pom.).

9. If union and connects homogeneous members of the sentence in pairs, then comma is placed only between paired groups, but not inside them: Nikolay's faceand voice, heat and lightVlasova was reassured in the room(M.G.); Russian rivers enteredin history and lifecountry, in hereconomyand folkpoetry, literature and painting(Paust.); I heard talk -drunk and sober, timid and desperate, full of humility and malice,- all sorts of conversations(Paust.); In the endless, in the free spacenoise and movement, roar and thunder(Tyutch.).

Paired groups, in turn, can be connected by a repeating alliance and: And the old chieftain bent down, and began to look for his cradle with tobacco, an inseparable companion on the seasboth on land, and in campaigns and at home(G.); Among the rivers thereand big and small, and calm and violent, and fast and slow;Shells burstnear and far, right and left.

10. Words at the end of the list other are considered as a homogeneous member of the sentence, and are placed before them comma, if union and with homogeneous members it is repeated: You are welcomeand you, and he, and I, and others.

The words etc. (and so on), etc. (and the like) do not act as homogeneous members of the sentence, and a comma is not placed before them, even if the union and repeated before the preceding homogeneous members: This cycle of natural sciences includesand biology, and physics, and chemistryetc.; You can present to the exhibitionand drawings, and sketches, and sketches, etc.

11. If union and is repeated in a sentence not with homogeneous members, then a comma is not placed between them: Consider plans and abstracts of reports and speeches at a scientific conference and print them in a timely manner.

No comma is used in expressions like two and three and five (two and three and five) make ten, since they do not list the homogeneous members of the sentence. Same in expression two plus three plus five.

12. Unions whether... or standing with homogeneous members of the sentence are not equated to repeating ones, therefore the comma before or not set: Does he seehe isor does not see?(G.); Was itit's actuallyor not?

§ 14. Homogeneous members of the proposal, connected by double or pair unions

1. If homogeneous members of the sentence are connected by double unions if not...then, though...but or paired (comparative, gradational) unions like ... so and, not like ... like, not only ... but also, not so much ... how much, how much ... so much etc., then comma is placed only before the second part of the union: Sanin felt in his whole beingif not fun, thensome lightness(T.); For Alevtina Vasilievnaalthough familiar, but difficultwas the power of Erofei Kuzmin(Bub.); I have an assignmentboth from the judgeequally from all of ouracquaintancesreconcile you with your friend(G.); The glow has spreadnot only over the centercities, but also far away(F.); Already mingled with the silence of waitingnot so much audible as guessedtrain noise(Cat.).

staging comma before the first part of the pair union is connected with the explanatory nature of the whole construction: It is necessary to achieve the reduction of all types of weapons,both conventional and mass destruction(gas.).

When skipping the second part of the double union, a comma is put instead dash:She told himnot like in mother - in grandmagood.

Note. Simple sentences with double (pair) unions should be distinguished from complex sentences with the same unions; compare: Warm weather will return, but not for long(simple sentence, comma before if not set). - Warm weather,if she comes backthen not for long; In the evenings,if there is no wind and there are no clouds in the sky,then the smell of hay is felt stronger(complex sentences, comma before if is set).

2. After a homogeneous member of a sentence following the second part of a pair union and not ending the sentence, a comma is not put (cf. § 12, paragraph 7): It rained this summerif not every day, then every other day or twoand were distinguished by some importunate constancy; Workalthough simple, but laboriousand will take more time to complete.

3. Inside comparative conjunctions not that ... but, not that ... but (but) comma before what and to not set: For a penny henot like a brother,but himselfGoddefame(Ch.); That minuteI'm not that scarednot muchtimid(Cupr.); Lisa's eyebrowsnot that they frowned, but trembled (T.).

§ 15. Generalizing words with homogeneous members of a sentence

In the role of generalizing words are:

1) a generic (general) concept, in relation to which the homogeneous members of the sentence are species (private) concepts: At the following stations, all the newspapers were greedily grabbed:central, local, regional(Ketl.);

2) the name of the whole, in relation to which homogeneous members denote parts: But I seem to see this picture in front of me:quiet shores, expandingmoonlight road from me to the barges of the pontoon bridge and on the bridgelong shadowsrunning people(Kav.).

1. If the homogeneous members of the sentence are preceded by a generalizing word (or phrase), then they are preceded by colon:Signs of autumn are connected with everything: withthe color of the sky, with dew and fog, with the cry of birds and the brightness of the starry sky(Paust.); The father made several everyday movements:gotwallet,dug into it, pulled it outtwo old threesomes,gottickets(nag.); He was a jack of all trades:locksmith, joiner, carpenterand evenmechanic(Kor.); Argued here about anything: aboutstampstractors,varietiesvodka, secondfront,German capturedvending machines(Mus.).

2. If after the generalizing word (phrase) there are words somehow, namely, for example, that is, then before them is placed comma, and after them - colon:Dry marshes are places that bear all the signs of once existing marshes, such as:bumps, tracesspring pits and variousbreedsswamp herbs(Ax.); On this charcoal table, a dress taken out of a suitcase fit, namely:trousersunder a tailcoattrousersnew,trousersgreyish,twovelvetvest, and twosatinfrock coat, and two tailcoats (T.);Khor understood reality, that is:built up, accumulatedmoney,got alongwith the master and with other authorities(T.); Red forest includes species of resinous trees, for example:pine, spruce, fir.

3. If the homogeneous members of the sentence are not preceded by a generalizing word (phrase), then colon put only when it is necessary to warn the reader that an enumeration follows: From under the hay one could see:samovar, tubwith an ice cream form and some other attractivebundles and boxes(L.T.); There were:Pavel, Chukhonets, staff captainYaroshevich, sergeant major Maksimenko, redcap, ladywith white teethdoctor(Ch.). Wed in business and scientific speech: The meeting was attended by: ...; To obtain a mixture, you need to take: ...; Roles are performed by: ...; Cast: …

4. If the homogeneous members of the sentence, expressed by the proper names of persons, are preceded by a common application for them, which does not act as a generalizing word (when reading in this case there is no pause characteristic for pronouncing the generalizing word), then the colon is not put: Classic writersGogol, Turgenev, Chekhovpainted pictures of the life of the peasants.

A colon is also not put in the case when homogeneous members are expressed by geographical names, which are preceded by a common definable word for them, after which there is no pause when reading: Resort towns are famous for their health resortsKislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki, Pyatigorsk(cf.: …the following resort towns: …).

The same when listing the names of literary works, which are preceded by a generic name that does not play the role of a generalizing word: Goncharov's novels"Oblomov", "Cliff", "Ordinary Story"form a kind of trilogy(cf.: The following novels by Goncharov: …).

Wed different, though superficially similar cases: At the entrance exams in Russian language and literature, applicants were offered the following topics:“Comparative characteristics of Onegin and Pechorin”, “Main images of B. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago”, “The Place of V. V. Mayakovsky in Russian Literature” - after the general word themes a colon is placed; Applicants wrote an essay on the topic “M. Gorky is a realist writer" - after the noun on the topic no sign is placed; The topic of the report is "Modern young artists" - a dash between the subject and the predicate in the absence of a link; Lesson topic: "Union-free complex sentence" - writing on the board in the form of a heading in which the second part explains the first; a colon is placed between them.

5. If the homogeneous members of the sentence are in the nature of an application or clarification, then instead of a colon after a generalizing word, dash:The scarlet light gently flooded the neighborhood - the windmillmill,slate roofs of the machine and tractor station,elevators(Cat.); Everyone loves legends and fairy tales -children and adults;Positive character traits are manifested no matter what - inrestraint, in patience, in courage;My friend was a wonderful person -smart, kind, sensitive, readyany minuteto help.

6. If the generalizing word follows the homogeneous members of the sentence, then it is preceded by dash:All simulatedcheerfulness, self-control, restraint- everything left Titka at that moment(Sh.); On thecroquetplayground, on the lawn, in the gazebo- everywhere the same hostile silence(Cat.); Both the old man and me - we both had fun(Paust.); deceit, calculation,cold jealoustyranny and horrorover the poor torn heart - that's what he understood in this shamelessly no longer hidden laughter(Dost.).

7. If after the homogeneous members of the sentence before the generalizing word there is an introductory word or a word combination (in a word, in a word, in short etc.), then it is preceded by dash, and then - comma: Wheat, millet, oats, sunflower, corn, melons, potatoes- in a word, whatever you look at, everything is already ripe(Bab.).

8. If the homogeneous members of the sentence, standing after the generalizing word, do not end the sentence, then they are preceded by colon, and then - dash:

Are all these things:pencilframed, notebook, clock,photographicapparatus- do not say any more words about an interesting guest?(Shv.); Everywhere:overhead, underfoot and besidewith you - lives, rumbles, celebrating its victories, iron(M.G.).

If, according to the conditions of the context, after homogeneous members in these constructions, it is required to set comma, then it is put, and dash either set or omitted. Wed: Along with other natural disasters, such as:fire, hail,clearing out grain fields,bad weather, oron the contrary, greatdry,- there is another disaster in the village(Sol.) - a comma closes a separate turnover with a prepositional combination as well as; The owner carefully inquires about the prices of various large works, such as:flour, hemp, honey, etc.,but only buys small trinkets(G.) - the comma, as it were, "absorbs" the dash.

9. If the generalizing word, in order to strengthen its semantic role with a large number of homogeneous members of the sentence, is used twice - before and after the enumeration, then the punctuation adopted for constructions with homogeneous members and the generalizing word is preserved, i.e. colon in front of homogeneous members and dash after them: All: fast travelercrewon the street,reminderabout dinnerquestiongirls about a dress that needs to be prepared; worse,wordinsincere, weak participation - everything painfully irritated the wound, it seemed an insult(L.T.); I wanted to read about everything:and about grasses, and about the seas, and about the sun and stars, and aboutgreatpeople, and about the revolution- about everything that people know well, but I don't know yet(Paust.).

Instead of a colon in front of homogeneous members, in these cases, a dash is possible (i.e., homogeneous members are distinguished by a dash on both sides; cf. p. 5): All these people -sailorsdifferent nations,fishermen, stokers,funnyyoongi,portthieves, machinists, workers, boatmen, porters, divers, smugglers- they were all young, healthy and saturated with the strong smell of the sea and fish(Kupr.).

10. If the group of homogeneous members in the middle of the sentence, standing after the generalizing word, has the character of a clarifying remark or can be equated to separate applications, then it is distinguished on both sides dash (see paragraph 9):Allit's sounds and smells, clouds and people- it was strangely beautiful and sad(M.G.); Four cities in ItalyRome, Naples, Turin and Milan - kicked off the final part of the European Football Championship(gas.); All present -delegates and guests - listened carefully to the speaker.

11. If the homogeneous members of the sentence after the generalizing word are very common, and especially if there are commas inside them, then they are separated not by a comma, but semicolon(cf. § 9, paragraph 3): The earth, it turns out, is infinitely large:and seasand snowy mountains in the clouds, and boundlesssands;and unexpected cities with churches that look like bells put on top of each other; with trees like tall ferns; andpeople,black, as if smeared with soot, naked, scary as devils, and flat-faced, with tiny eyes, in overalls, in hats, with long braids; andwomen,wrapped in white linen from head to toe; and next to the horses are long-eared half-horses, half-calves, andelephantswith booths on their backs(Ch.).

Test on the topic "Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions"

1. This feature is not characteristic of homogeneous definitions:

1) characterize the object on the one hand;

2) are pronounced with enumerative intonation;

3) you can put the union and, if the definitions are connected by an union-free connection;

4) characterize the subject from different angles.

2. Specify homogeneous definitions (punctuation marks are not placed):

1) white blue balls;

2) old oak floor;

3) a new silk blouse;

4) a large black stone.

3. Specify heterogeneous definitions (punctuation marks are not placed):

1) A gloomy sullen look;

2) Clay wooden toys;

3) Old manor house;

4) Red blue flags.

4. Specify an example with a punctuation error:

1) Evening light is reddening in the fields.

2) Last year's road track is overgrown with chamomile.

3) In the early May morning, the lights of beacons go out on the coastal meadows.

4) On a cool July day, I sat on the bank and admired the river.

5. In which sentence do you need to put a comma?

1) A long freight train rushed past the station.

2) This small flashlight is handy for camper.

3) Old slender birch trees grew near the clinic.

4) It was not difficult to notice hare and squirrel tracks on the fresh snow.

6. What word should be chosen for the phrase porcelain dishes in order to define steel homogeneous?

1) old;

2) broken;

3) faience;

4) white.

7. Which sentence has heterogeneous definitions (punctuation marks are not placed)?

1) We are leaving for a magnificent glade shining under the sun.

2) From the village came the triumphant cries of roosters released into the wild.

3) In the far corner of the room stood a pot-bellied walnut bureau.

4) The dahlias bloomed magnificently with the cold arrogant beauty.

8. Which sentence has heterogeneous definitions (punctuation marks are not placed)?

1) She really looked like a young slender flexible birch.

2) Suddenly, a horse alarm neighing was heard in the darkness.

3) It was a beautiful albeit somewhat sad city.

4) Joyful festive radiant mood seized me.

9. In this sentence, a comma must be placed between homogeneous definitions.

1) And now, illuminating the bumps, a hot luminous solar ball took off.

2) A long time ago, the sunset, a little drowsy, a little grief, faded over the sleepy spring fields.

3) Between the round loose clouds the sky turns blue innocently.

4) At the window facing east, a poplar branch has already thrown out pale yellow sticky leaves.

10. In this sentence, the definitions are heterogeneous, they are not separated by commas.

1) The weather was cold and windy, so that snowdrifts piled up above the windows.

2) Swallows flew in the pinkish evening air.

3) It draws dry burning from the fire of a hot roast.

4) There was not a single cloud, as a result of which the firmament seemed like a blue crystal bowl.

11. Homogeneous definitions complicate the sentence:

1) Dark, hard days have come.

2) Cheeks are ruddy, and full, and swarthy.

3) Yellow oak thickets stood in the dew.

4) A French ship of the line was in the roadstead.

12. Heterogeneous definitions are in the proposal:

1) The hand was wrinkled, pale, thin.

2) It was a gray, dank, windy day.

3) In the distance, the clearing was cut by a high railway embankment.

4) There was a monotonous noise in the sleepy, frozen air.

13. Specify where to put commas in a sentence

There were (1) bright carnations (2) and red (3) orange (4) and yellow lilies. (V. Arseniev)

1) 3. 2) 1, 2. 3) 2, 3. 4) 2, 3, 4.

Thematic control on the topic "Homogeneous members of the proposal"

Target: Test students' knowledge.

Option I

1. Put punctuation marks in the sentences below with homogeneous members connected by an allied connection or repeating unions. Select unions.

1. At a glance, he is good and green. (I. Krylov) 2. Our shelter is small but calm. (M. Lermontov) 3. Sometimes Oblomov's eyes were filled with an expression of fatigue or boredom. (I. Goncharov) 4. The days were cloudy but warm. (K. Aksakov) 5. The Oryol peasant is small in stature, round-shouldered, sullenly looking from under his brows. (L. Tolstoy) 6. I dream of small ships not a fishing sail. (N. Nekrasov) 7. I saw only the tops of the willow tree and the winding edge of the opposite bank. (A. Chekhov) 8. It was a beautiful, albeit somewhat sad city. (K. Paustovsky) 9. The sentry reached the opposite corner and turned back. (K. Fedin)

2. Write down the text. Underline how the members of the sentence are homogeneous members. How are they connected grammatically (by allied - coordinating connection or non-union)? Why are they homogeneous?

Additional task. What is the homogeneity of words based on? cold, arrogant(beauty); autumn, grassy(smell)? Why words multicolored and terry(cloves), thin and green(pods), as well as excessive, plentiful summer self(motherhood) are not homogeneous?

What is the role of a large number of definitions in the text?

The flower beds were empty and looked disordered. Multi-colored terry carnations were blooming, as well as levka - half in flowers, and half - in thin green pods that smelled of cabbage, rose bushes still gave - for the third time this summer - buds and roses, but already shredded, rare, as if degenerate. On the other hand, dahlias, peonies and asters bloomed magnificently with their cold, arrogant beauty, spreading an autumnal, grassy, sad smell in the sensitive air. The rest of the flowers, after their luxurious love and excessive abundant summer motherhood, quietly showered countless seeds of a future life on the ground.

(A. Kuprin. Garnet bracelet)

1. Smooth monotonous breathing is interrupted. (A. Serafimovich) 2. A joyful festive radiant mood was bursting, and the uniform seemed to become cramped. (A. Serafimovich) 3. Do you represent

imagine a nasty southern provincial town? (A. Kuprin) 4. In the chest I found a yellowed hetman's letter written in Latin. (K. Paustovsky) 5. Green populated his books with a tribe of brave, simple-hearted, like children, proud, selfless and kind people. (K. Paustovsky) 6. Festive triumphant cries of roosters set free could be heard from the village. (V. Rasputin) 7. It was a festive cheerful final work - to grind bread. (V. Rasputin) 8. An early harsh winter dawn appeared through a deadly haze. (A. Fadeev)

proposal members.

1. Kiprensky, who possessed the greatest gift of improvisation, ... deprived of many necessary knowledge, perseverance ... courage, plunged into the brilliance of glory. (K. Paustovsky) 2. Crimson light was already lit up in the windows of the palaces... ... a striped sentry box,... a bronze monument to the commander,... a column decorated with frozen leaves. (K. Paustovsky) 3. A man, left alone in the forest, usually ... talks to himself, ... whistles, ... sings, ... knocks dry leaves with a stick. (K. Paustovsky)

Keys to task 4

and and fell into the darkness, pulling out of it then then or talking to himself or whistle, or sings, or knocks dry leaves with a stick.

1. The faces of the allegorical goddesses engraved on the coins - the personification of the beautiful ... France, Italy, Greece - seemed sad. 2. And ... on the tables, on the piano, on the floor - they piled up in vases, jugs, in basins piles of lilacs. 3. Let there be no first snow, but ...

Keys to task 5

countries: everywhere: all already smells of this snow: both air, and water, and trees, and even cabbage tops.

Option II

1. Both summer and autumn were rainy. (V. Zhukovsky) 2. He is blind, stubborn, impatient and frivolous and puffy. (A. Pushkin) 3. Everyone always forgot in the kitchen either a hat or a whip for other people's dogs or something like that. (N. Gogol) 4. Fogs in London happen, if not every day, then every other day without fail. (I. Goncharov) 5. The middle son and this way and that. (P. Ershov) 6. There are white shirts of women and colorful shirts of men and voices and the jingling of nimble braids. (N. Nekrasov) 7. Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered in Olenin's head. (L. Tolstoy) 8. With a stranger, I was either shy or put on airs. (M. Gorky) 9. The road either fell through between mountain ridges or climbed rounded hills. (L. Leonov)

You must have heard a distant waterfall rolling somewhere, when the alarmed surroundings are full of hum and a chaos of wonderful obscure sounds rushes before you. Isn't it true, isn't it the very same feelings that will instantly seize you in the whirlwind of a rural fair, when the whole people coalesces into one huge monster and moves with its whole body in the square and through the narrow streets, shouting, cackling, thundering? Noise, abuse, lowing, bleating, roaring - everything merges into one discordant dialect. Oxen, sacks, hay, gypsies, pots, women, gingerbread, hats - everything is bright, motley, discordant; rushing about in heaps and scurrying about before your eyes. Differing speeches drown each other, and not one of them will boast, will not be saved from this flood; not a single cry is spoken clearly.

(N. Gogol)

3. In the sentences below, find homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions. Put in the missing punctuation marks.

1. Red green purple yellow blue panels of light fall on passers-by, glide along the facades. (V. Kataev) 2. This “you” was not an expression of complete spiritual intimacy between them. (G. Baklanov)

3. It became easier for him and not so annoying under the impending mighty sky. (A. Platonov) 4. Low-power locomotives hummed sadly, preparing to overcome boring autumn spaces full of rare miserable life. (A. Platonov) 5. She really looked like a young white slender flexible birch. (B. Polevoy) 6. A large, portly, broad-shouldered man with bright blue eyes on an always tanned face. (K. Chukovsky) 7. From under a dark shawl tied in a monastic manner, a clean young kind face shone and smiled. 8. Suddenly, a horse alarm neighing was heard in the darkness. (A. Fadeev)

2.... thoughts, ... memories, ... dreams wandered in Olenin's head. (L. Tolstoy) 3. His authority was rooted ... in his high position, ... in the charm of his education. efforts

Keys to task 4

1- Neithercm, nor do not spare feelings for your neighbors. 2. Not that thoughts, not that memories, not that dreams wandered in Olenin's head. 3. His authority is rooted* Not only in his high position, but also in the charm of his education.

5. Enter the necessary generalizing words in the sentences.

1. Each time, Nastya found new interesting things under water ... either a spruce branch soaked in water, a reddened spruce branch, or a tin can, or purple from the cold, and a dead leaf of a water lily. 2. We found leaves in the pockets of our raincoats, in caps, in our hair. -tea - will resignedly stay here for the winter.

Keys to task 5

1. Each time Nastya found new interesting things underwater. things: now a reddened spruce branch soaked in water, now a tin can, now purple from the cold and a dead leaf of a water lily. 2. Leaves we found in karm4b

imagine a nasty southern provincial town? (A. Kuprin) 4. In the chest I found a yellowed hetman's letter written in Latin. (K. Paustovsky) 5. Green populated his books with a tribe of brave, simple-hearted, like children, proud, selfless and kind people. (K. Paustovsky) 6. Festive triumphant cries of roosters set free could be heard from the village. (V. Rasputin) 7. It was a festive fun interesting work - grind bread. (V. Rasputin) 8. An early harsh winter dawn appeared through a deadly haze. (A. Fadeev)

4. Enter the unions necessary in meaning between homogeneous

proposal members.

1. Kiprensky, who possessed the greatest gift of improvisation, ... deprived of many necessary knowledge, perseverance ... courage, plunged into the brilliance of glory. (K. Paustovsky) 2. Crimson light was already lit up in the windows of the palaces... fell into darkness, pulling out of it... a striped sentry box, a bronze monument to the commander, a column decorated with frozen leaves. (K. Paustovsky) 3. A man, left alone in the forest, usually ... talks to himself, ... whistles, ... sings, ... knocks dry leaves with a stick. (K. Paustovsky)

Keys to task 4

1. Kiprensky, who had the greatest gift of improvisation, but was deprived of many necessary knowledge, perseverance and courage, plunged into the splendor of glory. 2. Crimson light was already lit in the windows of palaces and fell into the darkness, pulling out of it then a striped sentry box, a bronze monument to the commander, then a column adorned with frozen leaves. 3. A person, left alone in the forest, usually or talking to himself or whistle, or sings, or knocks dry leaves with a stick.

5. Enter the necessary generalizing words in the sentences.

Keys to task 5

1. Faces of allegorical goddesses minted on coins are the personification of beautiful countries: France, Italy, Greece - seemed sad. 2. And everywhere: on the tables, on the roll, on the floor - heaped in vases, jugs, piles of lilacs in basins. 3. Let there be no first snow, but all already smells of this snow: both air, and water, and trees, and even cabbage tops.

Option II

1. Put punctuation marks (if necessary) in the sentences below with homogeneous members connected by repeated or double conjunctions.

1. There were both summer and autumn rainy. (V. Zhukovsky) 2. He is blind, stubborn, impatient and frivolous and arrogant. (A. Pushkin) 3. Everyone always forgot in the kitchen either a hat or a whip for other people's dogs or something like that. (N. Gogol) 4. Fogs in London happen, if not every day, then every other day without fail. (I. Goncharov) 5. The middle son and this way and that. (P. Ershov) 6. There are white shirts of women and colorful shirts of men and voices and the jingling of nimble braids. (N. Nekrasov) 7. Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in Olenin's head. (L. Tolstoy) 8. With a stranger, I was either shy or put on airs. (M. Gorky) 9. The road either fell through between mountain ridges, then climbed rounded hills. (L. Leonov)

2. Write down the text. Underline the homogeneous parts of the sentence.

Do you think that sentences with homogeneous members in this artistic text are figurative artistic means? Why does the text expressively convey dynamics? What is the role of verbal nouns?

(N. Gogol)

3. In the sentences below, find homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions. Put in the missing punctuation marks.

1. Red, green lilac yellow, blue panels of light fall on passers-by, slide along the facades. (V. Kataev) 2. This “you” was not an expression of complete spiritual intimacy between them. (G. Baklanov)

3. It became easier for him and not so annoying under the impending mighty sky. (A. Platonov) 4. Low-power locomotives hummed sadly, preparing to overcome boring autumn spaces full of rare miserable life. (A. Platonov) 5. She really looked like a young white slender flexible birch. (B. Polevoy) 6. A large, portly, broad-shouldered man with bright blue eyes and a forever tanned face. (K. Chukovsky) 7. From under a dark shawl tied in a monastic manner, a clean young kind face shone and smiled. 8. Suddenly, a horse alarm neighing was heard in the darkness. (A. Fadeev)

4. Enter the unions necessary in meaning between homogeneous members of the sentence.

1 .... strength, ... do not spare feelings for your neighbors. (G. Markov) 2.... thoughts, ... memories, ... dreams wandered in Olenin's head. (L. Tolstoy) 3. His authority was rooted ... in his high position, ... in the charm of his education. and all things: both the bas-relief, and the portrait of Garibaldi, and the old lamp with the drawing of a water mill, and the table, and the bouquet of willow-tea - all this will resignedly stay here for the winter.

Additional task. Draw up proposals.

Less often in these cases, a dash is placed after the union I: So Ijudged everythingand suddenlymade up my mind(Dost.); asksaturday checkoutand- marchto the village(M.G.).

But if the definition attached by means of a subordinating union has the character of a refinement, then it is isolated, that is, after it is placed comma (see § 22, paragraph 4).

Thematic control

on the topic "Homogeneous members of the proposal"

The purpose of the lesson:

Test students' knowledge.

I option

1. Put punctuation marks in the sentences below with homogeneous members connected by an allied connection or repeated conjunctions. Select unions.
1. At a glance, he is good and green. (I. Krylov.) 2. Our shelter is small but calm. (M. Lermontov.) 3. And Oblomov's eyes were filled with an expression of fatigue or boredom. (I. Goncharov,) 4. The days were cloudy but warm. (K. Aksakov.) 5. The Oryol peasant is small, round-shouldered, gloomy looking from under his brows (L. Tolstoy.) 6. Not a fishing sail, small ships I dream of. (N. Nekrasov.) 7. I saw only the tops of the willow tree and the winding edge of the opposite bank. (A. Chekhov.) 8. It was a beautiful, albeit somewhat sad city. (K. Paustovsky.) 9. The sentry reached the opposite corner and turned back. (K. Fedin.)
2. Write down the text. Underline how the members of the sentence are homogeneous members. How are they connected grammatically (by allied - coordinating connection or non-union)? Why are they homogeneous?

Additional task: what is the basis for the homogeneity of words cold, arrogant(beauty); autumn, grassy(smell)? Why words multicolored and terry(cloves), thin and green(pods), as well as excessive, abundant and summer(motherhood) are not homogeneous?

What is the role of a large number of definitions in the text?

The flower beds were empty and looked disordered. Multi-colored terry carnations were blooming, as well as levka - half in flowers, and half - in thin green pods that smelled of cabbage, rose bushes still gave - for the third time this summer - buds and roses, but already shredded, rare, as if degenerated. On the other hand, dahlias, peonies and asters bloomed magnificently with their cold, arrogant beauty, spreading an autumnal, grassy, sad smell in the sensitive air. The rest of the flowers, after their luxurious love and excessive abundant summer motherhood, quietly showered countless seeds of a future life on the ground. (A. Kuprin. Garnet bracelet.)
3. In the sentences below, find homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions. Put in the missing punctuation marks.

1. Smooth monotonous breathing is interrupted. (A. Serafimovich.) 2. A joyful festive radiant mood was bursting, and the uniform seemed to become cramped. (A. Serafimovich.) 3. Can you imagine a nasty southern county town? (A. Kuprin.) 4. In the chest I found a yellowed hetman's letter written in Latin. (K. Paustovsky.) 5. Green populated his books with a tribe of brave, simple-hearted, like children, proud, selfless and kind people. (K. Paustovsky.) 6. Festive triumphant cries of roosters set free could be heard from the village. (V. Rasputin.) 7. It was a festive cheerful final work - to grind bread. (V. Rasputin.) 8. An early harsh winter dawn appeared through a deadly haze. (A. Fadeev.)

4. Enter the unions necessary in meaning between homogeneous members of the sentence.

1. Kiprensky, possessing the greatest gift of improvisation, deprived of many necessary knowledge, perseverance ... courage, plunged into a blaze of glory. (K. Paustovsky.) 2. Crimson light was already lit up in the windows of the palaces... fell into darkness, pulling out of it... a striped sentry box,... a bronze monument to the commander,... a column decorated with frozen leaves. (K. Paustovsky.) 3. A man, left alone in the forest, usually ... talks to himself, ... whistles, ... sings, ... knocks dry leaves with a stick. (K. Paustovsky.)

Keys to task 4

1. Kiprensky, who had the greatest gift of improvisation, but deprived of many necessary knowledge, perseverance and courage, plunged into the splendor of glory. 2. Crimson light was already lit in the windows of palaces and fell into the darkness, pulling out of it then striped sentry box, then bronze monument to the commander, then a column adorned with frozen leaves. 3. A person, left alone in the forest, usually or talking to himself or whistle, or sings, or knocks dry leaves with a stick.

Keys to task 5

1. Faces of allegorical goddesses minted on coins are the personification of beautiful countries: France, Italy, Greece - seemed sad. 2. And everywhere: on the tables, on the roll, on the floor - they piled up in vases, jugs, in basins of a pile of lilacs. 3. Let there be no first snow, but all already smells of this snow: both air, and water, and trees, and even cabbage tops.

II option

1. Put punctuation marks (if necessary) in the following sentences with homogeneous members connected by repeated or double conjunctions.

1. Both summer and autumn were rainy. (V. Zhukovsky.) 2. He is blind, stubborn, impatient and frivolous and puffy. (A. Pushkin.) 3. Everyone always forgot in the kitchen either a hat or a whip for other people's dogs or something like that. (N. Gogol.) 4. Fogs in London happen, if not every day, then every other day without fail. (I. Goncharov.) 5. The middle son and this way and that. (P. Ershov.) 6. There are white shirts of women and colorful shirts of men and voices and the jingle of nimble braids. (N. Nekrasov.) 7. Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered in Olenin's head. (L. Tolstoy.) 8. With a stranger, I was either shy or put on airs. (M. Gorky.) 9. The road either fell through between mountain ridges or climbed rounded hills. (L. Leonov.)

2. Write down the text. Underline the homogeneous parts of the sentence.

Do you think that sentences with homogeneous members in this artistic text are figurative artistic means? Why does the text expressively convey dynamics? What is the role of verbal nouns?

You must have heard a distant waterfall rolling somewhere, when the alarmed surroundings are full of hum and a chaos of wonderful obscure sounds rushes before you. Isn't it true, isn't it the very same feelings that will instantly seize you in the whirlwind of a rural fair, when the whole people coalesces into one huge monster and moves its whole body in the square and through the cramped streets, shouting, cackling, thundering? Noise, abuse, lowing, bleating, roaring - everything merges into one discordant dialect. Oxen, sacks, hay, gypsies, pots, women, gingerbread, hats - everything is bright, motley, discordant; rushing about in heaps and scurrying about before your eyes. Differing speeches drown each other, and not a single one will be snatched out, will not be saved from this flood; not a single cry is spoken clearly. (N. Gogol.)
3. In the sentences below, find homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions. Put in the missing punctuation marks.

1. Red green purple yellow blue panels of light fall on passers-by, glide along the facades. (V. Kataev.) 2. This “you” was not an expression of complete spiritual intimacy between them. (G. Baklanov.) 3. He felt better and not so annoying under the impending mighty sky. (A. Platonov.) 4. Low-power steam locomotives hummed sadly, preparing to overcome the boring autumn spaces, full of a rare miserable life. (A. Platonov.) 5. It really looks like a young white slender flexible birch. (B. Polevoy.) 6. A large, portly, broad-shouldered man with bright blue eyes and a forever tanned face. (K. Chukovsky.) 7. From under a dark shawl, a clean young kind face shone and smiled. 8. Suddenly, a horse alarm neighing was heard in the darkness. (A. Fadeev.)

4. Enter the unions necessary in meaning between the homogeneous members of the sentence.

1. ... strength, ... do not spare feelings for your neighbors. (G. Markov.) 2. ... thoughts, ... memories, ... dreams wandered in Olenin's head. (L. Tolstoy.) 3. His authority was rooted ... in his high position, ... in the charm of his education.

Keys to task 4.

1. Spare neither strength nor feelings for your neighbors. 2. Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in Olenin's head. 3. His authority was rooted not only in the high position he held, but also in the charm of his education.

5. Write the necessary generalizing words in the sentences.

1. Each time, Nastya found new interesting things under water ...: either a spruce branch soaked in water, turned red, then a tin can, then purple from the cold and a dead leaf of a water lily. 2. We found leaves in the pockets of our raincoats, in caps, in our hair - ... . 3. One of these days I will leave for Moscow, and all the things: both the bas-relief, and the portrait of Garibaldi, and the old lamp with the drawing of a water mill, and the table, and the bouquet of Ivan-tea - ... .

Keys to task 5.

1. Each time, Nastya found new interesting things underwater: either a spruce branch soaked in water, a reddened spruce branch, or a tin can, or purple from the cold and a dead leaf of a water lily. 2. We found leaves in the pockets of our raincoats, in caps, in our hair - everywhere. 3. One of these days I will leave for Moscow, and all things: the bas-relief, and the portrait of Garibaldi, and the old lamp with the drawing of a water mill, and the table, and the bouquet of willow-tea - all this will meekly remain here for the winter.

Additional task: draw up proposals.

Lesson 9 (18-19)

Separate definitions

Lesson Objectives:

Generalization of students' knowledge about isolated members of the sentence, the formation of punctuation skills with isolated members.

During the classes

I. Updating knowledge

Give the concept of "isolated members of the sentence." (These are sentence members whose meaning is emphasized by the speaker with the help of isolation intonations and accentuating pauses. Separate members contain additional information. They can be both single and common.)

What is a definition?

What types of definitions do you know? (Agreed and inconsistent.)

What are called agreed?

What are called inconsistent?

Define common and non-common definitions.

Name the rules for isolating single definitions.

II. Offer analysis

Determine the role of isolated definitions in the sentence.

1. Several tens of millions of people, healthy and most able-bodied, cut off from the great cause of the earth - and sent to kill each other. (M. Gorky.)

(Definitions expressed by homogeneous agreed upon definitions after the noun being defined. The sentence is complicated by a qualifying member, a dash is distinguished.)

2. Tired to the last degree, the climbers could not continue their ascent. Disheveled, unwashed, Nejdanov looked wild and strange. (L. Tolstoy.)

(Common or single definitions immediately before the noun being defined are isolated if they have an additional adverbial value.)

Replace the attributive phrase with a phrase with the word being. (Being tired to the last degree...)

Conclusion: to check the presence of a circumstantial meaning, the attributive phrase is replaced by a phrase with the word "being". If such a replacement is possible, we can talk about the presence of adverbial significance, which gives grounds for isolation.
3. Short, stocky, he possessed terrible strength in his hands. (M. Gorky.) He turned and left, and I, confused, remained next to the girl in the empty hot steppe. (K. Paustovsky.)

(Definitions relating to the personal pronoun are isolated regardless of their degree of prevalence and location.)

4. We ran to the hut soaking wet. (K. Paustovsky.) He leaves the back rooms already completely upset. (I. Goncharov.)

(Definitions with a personal pronoun are not isolated, since the definition in meaning is connected not only with the subject - the pronoun, but also with the predicate.)

Oh you stupid! Oh, I'm unhappy!

(The definition with a personal pronoun is not isolated in such exclamatory sentences.)

5. Kashtanka stretched herself, yawned, and, angry, sullen, walked up and down the room. (A. Chekhov.) To meet me, clean and clear, as if washed by the morning coolness, the sounds of a bell came, and suddenly a rested herd rushed past me, driven by familiar boys ... (I. Turgenev.)

(Common or single definitions are isolated if they are separated from the noun they define by other members of the sentence, regardless of whether the definition comes before or after the word being defined.)

6. Dasha was waiting for everything, but not this obediently bowed head. (A. Tolstoy.) Everything laughing, cheerful, marked with the stamp of humor was inaccessible to him. (V. Korolenko.)

(The attributive phrase after the definitive, demonstrative and possessive pronouns is closely adjacent to them, so the comma is not separated.)

Everything connected with your name still continues to excite my soul.

(In this sentence, the attributive turnover has the character of an explanation, clarification, therefore it is isolated: all(what exactly?)

Conclusion: The stylistic role of isolated definitions, expressed by participial turnover, is that they give the statement a bookish character. But when using participial phrases, one should take into account the grammatical features inherent in the participle as a verb form.
III. Training tasks

Correct the sentences, explain the reason for the error.

A student who reveals a topic in depth will receive a high mark.

(Participles cannot be in the future tense.)

The book I read made a deep impression on me.

(The participle is used in the form of the present tense, and the predicate is in the form of the past. The sentence has a speech stamp “make a deep impression.”)

The lecture given to the students was very informative.

(The word order is broken, so the meaning is unclear.)

The essay had to be written on a topic that each student could choose from a list provided by the teacher.

(The participial turnover makes it possible to eliminate the repetition of the allied word and avoid a speech error.)

Write out the first and second paragraphs from ex. 243. Determine the stylistic purpose of participles and adjectives in the text. Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence of the second paragraph. (Adjectives, participles in the text give lightness and euphony.)
IV. Lesson summary

Give the concept of separation.

What is the difference between agreed and non-agreed definitions?

In what cases is the definition isolated?

Inconsistent definitions expressed by indirect cases of nouns with prepositions are isolated if they are given greater independence (i.e., when they complement, clarify the idea of an already known person or object; this usually happens if they refer to their own name or personal pronoun):
1. Prince Andrei, in a raincoat, riding a black horse, stood behind the crowd and looked at Alpatych. (L. Tolstoy.) 2. Today she, in a new blue hood, was especially young and impressively beautiful. (M. Gorky.) 3. An elegant officer, in a cap with golden oak leaves, shouted something into the mouthpiece of the captain. (A. Tolstoy.) Compare: The most dissatisfied with the delay was an engineer with a thunderous voice, in tortoiseshell glasses. (K. Paustovsky.)
Inconsistent definitions expressed by indirect cases of nouns, in addition, are usually isolated:

a) when they follow isolated definitions expressed by adjectives and participles.

A boy with short hair and a gray blouse served Laptev tea without a saucer. (A. Chekhov.)
b) when they stand in front of these definitions and are connected with them by coordinating conjunctions:

The poor guest, with a ragged skirt and scratched to the point of blood, soon found a safe corner. (A. Pushkin.)

Homework

1. Complete ex. 243.

2. Repeat the isolation of inconsistent definitions expressed by indirect cases of nouns with prepositions.

3. Repeat the theoretical material about complex sentences with subordinate determiners.

Lesson 10 (20)

Synonymy of simple sentences with isolated

definitions with subordinate clauses

The purpose of the lesson:

To consolidate knowledge about the structure of complex sentences; show the synonymy of attributive clauses with isolated turns in a simple sentence; develop the ability to use these turns in speech.

During the classes

I. Checking homework