Gogol nose is the main idea. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol

Gogol's prose from the first pages inspires many students with awe: how difficult it is to understand his ornate language! Note-taking of his works is no less difficult process. But in this matter, the Literaguru team can help you - take as an example our very brief content for the reader's diary, which is important to combine with explaining the meaning of the story.

(389 words) One day in March, an incredible event happened in St. Petersburg. During breakfast, the barber Ivan Yakovlevich discovered a real human nose in cut bread. His wife scolded him, saying that it was his love to pull other people's noses hard while shaving. And he knew that the nose belonged to the collegiate assessor Kovalev, whom he constantly hosted. Frightened by a possible arrest, he went outside to quietly get rid of the evidence. Ivan Yakovlevich went to Isakievsky Bridge and threw the paper-wrapped organ into the Neva. As he left, he attracted the attention of the quarter warden. He began to interrogate him what he was doing on the bridge.

Meanwhile, Kovalev woke up in the morning and looked in the mirror, but instead of a nose he saw a completely smooth place there. Frightened in earnest, he went to the Chief of Police. A few words about Kovalev: he was a collegiate assessor, but to add to his importance, he was called a major. He was very proud of his rank. He came to St. Petersburg to take up a high position.

On the way, Kovalev saw a carriage near a house, from which his own nose came out! Judging by the golden uniform and plumed hat, he was in the rank of State Councilor. Having caught him in the Kazan Cathedral, the hero told his escaped body that he should be where he was supposed to be. But the nose replied that he was on his own and soon quietly left the church. Kovalev first went on a newspaper expedition, where he asked to advertise in the newspaper about the loss of his nose. But the official considered such an announcement stupid and refused to print it. Then Kovalev went to a private bailiff, but he only told him unpleasant things. The frustrated hero went home. He was convinced that a man of his status could well do without an arm, leg or ears, but without a nose it was terribly embarrassing to walk around, and you shouldn’t show yourself to decent people like that. Soon a guard appeared to Kovalev, the same one who interrogated Ivan Yakovlevich on the bridge. He found it missing and hurried to return it to its owner. However, it did not work to attach the nose to its original place. Then Kovalev wrote a letter to the staff officer Podtochina, accusing her of being involved in the loss of his nose. He was sure that she wanted to take revenge on him for refusing to marry her daughter, and demanded to improve the situation. But her reply letter disproved his suspicions.

One morning, Kovalev woke up and found that his nose was back in place. When he shaved at the barber Ivan Yakovlevich, he no longer allowed him to touch his nose. His life returned to its former course, where he was cheerful and confident.

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1. Features of the story by N. V. Gogol "The Nose"- realism and fantasy
2. Satirical Features of the story by N. V. Gogol "The Nose" .

3. The meaning of the image of the Nose-official.

N.V. Gogol is considered to be one of the founders of Russian realism. However, realism in the works of this writer is very often intertwined with fantastic images full of deep meaning. Let us recall his “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, the story “Viy”, the terrible images of which are associated with ancient pagan mythology, “Portrait” and even the well-known “Overcoat”, where the ghost of an official appears, tearing off his overcoats. The story "The Nose" is also a bizarre mixture of the real life of Russia in the 19th century and fairy-tale phantasmagoria, somewhat reminiscent of Odoevsky's stories.

However, behind the fantastic story of the missing nose lies a merciless satire that ridicules human vices. Showing the family life of the barber Ivan Yakovlevich, Gogol demonstrates his lack of will and fear of his wife, his untidiness, not forgetting to mention his drunkenness, moreover, as a completely natural phenomenon: "Ivan Yakovlevich, like any decent Russian artisan, was a terrible drunkard."

We find typical views on marriage as a profitable deal and a way to get rich in the following lines: “Major Kovalev was not averse to getting married; but only in such a case, when two hundred thousand capital happens for the bride. Gogol ridicules the greed of his hero, his fear of gossip, his ignorance and empty vanity - traits that are very common among bureaucrats. In the Newspaper Expedition, where Major Kovalev came to advertise his disappearance, he behaves as if he is more afraid that his acquaintances will become aware of his misfortune and they will ridicule him: “No, why the surname? I can't tell her. I have many acquaintances: Chekhtareva, a state councilor, Palageya Grigorievna Podtochyna, a staff officer ... Suddenly she finds out, God forbid! You can simply write: collegiate assessor, or, even better, a major. But after all, in his situation it is much more important to find the nose as soon as possible, and not to ask such questions - who will say what!

comical Features of the story by N. V. Gogol "The Nose"- this is the hero’s reasoning about the reasons for the disappearance of the nose: “Major Kovalev, having considered all the circumstances, suggested that perhaps the closest thing to the truth was that the fault of this should be none other than the staff officer Podtochina, who wanted him to marry her daughter ... The staff officer, probably out of revenge, decided to spoil it and hired some witches-women for this ... ". It should be noted that such an assumption is not even particularly logical. After all, even if Podtochina decided to resort to the help of “witches-women”, then she would rather prefer that they bewitch him to her daughter, and not deprive the potential groom of the nose.

Features of the story by N. V. Gogol "The Nose"- this is a thoughtless servility that dominates the minds of people. He shows the different sides of this moral ulcer, when behind the uniform they sometimes do not make out who is in front of you - a nose or a person.

Ivan Yakovlevich's fear of the police is one of the illustrations of the omnipotence of the bureaucracy in Russia. It has always been difficult for an ordinary person to prove something to officials, regardless of whether he is right or wrong. Therefore, "the idea that the police will find his nose and blame him" completely upset the unlucky barber.

We find the same reverence for the rank in Kovalev's desire to be called by all means a major: “He had only been in this rank for two years and therefore could not forget him for a minute; and in order to give himself more nobility and weight, he never called himself a collegiate assessor, but always a major.

But the motif of servility in Russia reaches its highest sound in the scene of Kovalev's conversation with his own nose. The grotesqueness and outward fantasticness of this episode only emphasize its true meaning. Kovalev has no doubt that in front of him is his own nose; and yet he is shy in front of him, because the chip at his nose is higher than his: “How to approach him? thought Kovalev. - By everything, by the uniform, by the hat it is clear that he is a state adviser. The devil knows how to do it?

In a fantastic story about an unprecedented incident - the escape of the nose - Gogol masterfully reveals the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe moral myopia of most people who are accustomed to seeing only the rank, but not the one who wears it. Through the lips of a policeman who brought Kovalev his nose, the author says the following words, which express the main idea of ​​the story: “... it is strange that I myself took him at first for a gentleman. But fortunately, I had glasses with me, and I immediately saw that it was a nose. After all, I am short-sighted, and if you stand in front of me, then I only see that you have a face, but neither nose nor beard, I will not notice anything. My mother-in-law, that is, my wife’s mother, also does not see anything.”

Fortunately for the hero of the story, the policeman put on his glasses. But glasses are needed not only for him alone - glasses of impartiality, which allow you to see a person, and not his rank.

The story "The Nose" was written by N.V. Gogol in 1836. Gogol himself considered it an ordinary joke and for a long time did not agree to publish it. Humor is the main part of the content of The Nose, although by no means the only one. In Gogol's story, laughter is subtly intertwined with well-aimed sketches of the then everyday life. Outlining the summary of The Nose, we will try to convey, as far as possible, both of these characteristic features of it - and humor in the first place.

Gogol. Nose. Feature Film

St. Petersburg barber Ivan Yakovlevich, waking up in the morning, smells hot bread baked by his grumpy wife Praskovya Osipovna. Sitting at the table, he begins to cut the bread - and suddenly finds something white and dense inside. Running his fingers, Ivan Yakovlevich pulls out a human nose from the edge.

“Where are you, beast and drunkard, cut off your nose? his wife screams. “Robber, I’ve already heard from three people that when you shave, you pull on your noses so much that you can barely hold on!”

Ivan Yakovlevich recognizes the nose: it belongs to Major Kovalev, whom he shaves twice a week. The barber does not understand anything: "an unrealizable incident, because bread is a baked business, but the nose is not at all the same." Gogol describes how Ivan Yakovlevich, in terrible anxiety, wraps his nose in a rag and takes it out into the street to throw it somewhere. After several unsuccessful attempts, the barber comes to the bridge across the Neva and, pretending to be looking at the running fish, imperceptibly throws the rag with his nose into the water. With a sigh of relief, he is about to go to the tavern for a glass of punch, but at that time a quarter warden standing at a distance calls him and asks what he was doing while standing on the bridge ...

At the same time, collegiate assessor Kovalev wakes up in one of the St. Petersburg apartments - a petty civil official, who, nevertheless, likes to call himself a military major. Looking in the mirror to check if the pimple that popped up on his nose yesterday has disappeared, he finds that there is no nose: only a smooth spot is visible instead. The situation is scandalous! Kovalev likes to walk along Nevsky Prospekt and is going to look for a vice-governor's seat. He is not averse to marrying if two hundred thousand capital happens for the bride. But now how to do all this without a nose?!

Gogol. Nose. audiobook

Covering his face with a handkerchief, Kovalev runs out of the house to go straight to the Chief of Police. But, unfortunately, there is not a single cab driver. Standing on the street, Kovalev suddenly sees an inexplicable phenomenon: his own nose comes out of the carriage in the uniform of a state councilor and hides in the entrance of a house. Two minutes later, the nose comes back and, shouting to the coachman: “Give it!”, Leaves.

Kovalev runs after the carriage. She stops in front of the Kazan Cathedral. Kovalev runs into the cathedral and sees how his nose, hiding his face in a high standing collar, prays with an expression of the greatest piety. Coming closer, Kovalev coughs for a minute, but then he still decides to speak directly with his nose, although he, judging by his uniform, is much higher in official rank.

Kukryniksy's illustration for Gogol's "The Nose"

"What do you want?" the nose asks. Kovalev explains that the nose "should know its place, and not stand in the church." “I am a major who knows many ladies, and it is indecent for me to go without a nose ... And you are my own nose.” “You are mistaken, dear sir,” the nose replies irritably.

Kovalev's attention is distracted for a moment by the sight of a pretty young lady entering the cathedral. The major looks at her fresh chin with pleasure, but at that moment he remembers that he does not have a nose. With tears in his eyes, he turns to the nose to call him a rogue and a scoundrel. However, he is no longer there: he probably went to visit someone.

In desperation, the major catches a cab and goes to the Chief of Police. Togo is not at home. Kovalev is considering whether to file a complaint with the Deanery Council, because his nose is clearly such a person for whom there is nothing sacred. But, on reflection, he decides to first make a publication about the shamelessly slipped nose in the newspaper.

The newspaper expedition, where Kovalev arrives, is a small room with many visitors who come to give announcements. They are received by a gray-haired official sitting at the table in a tailcoat and glasses. Kovalev reports that his nose ran away from him, deceitfully dressed up in the uniform of a state councilor, and he himself, as a major, cannot be without such a noticeable part of the body: this is not "a pinky toe that is in a boot - and no one will see."

A confused official in a tailcoat refuses to take Kovalev's ad, saying that if a newspaper writes about the loss of a nose, then it may lose its reputation. He tells about a similar case: one citizen, having paid 2 rubles 73 kopecks, advertised in the newspaper about the disappearance of a black poodle, and this poodle later turned out to be the treasurer of a certain institution. To convince the gray-haired gentleman, Kovalev removes the rag from his face. The official confirms that instead of a nose he sees “a place completely smooth, as if it were a freshly baked pancake,” but still does not want to take the advertisement. He advises the major to turn to one of the literary magazines, where a skillful pen will describe "this rare work of nature" in such a way that at least there will be a useful edification to youth.

Trying to calm the completely upset Kovalev, the gray-haired official kindly offers him a sniff of tobacco. Kovalev takes this as a mockery: what is there to smell when he has no nose? With an exclamation: "damn your tobacco," he goes to a familiar private bailiff, in whose house the entire front hall is lined with sugar heads brought from neighboring merchants. The bailiff loves offerings and of all their types he prefers government banknotes: “there is nothing better than this thing: it doesn’t ask for food, it takes up little space, it will always fit in your pocket, if you drop it, it won’t hurt you.” But just about to take a nap after dinner, the bailiff takes the major rudely, declaring that "a decent person's nose will not be torn off."

Exhausted, Kovalev returns home, where his footman Ivan, lying on a soiled sofa, spits at the ceiling and quite successfully hits the same place. Once in his room, the major laments sadly: “A man without a nose is the devil knows what: a bird is not a bird, a citizen is not a citizen.” He pinches himself to make sure he's not drunk, and once again examines his "libelous look" in the mirror.

Thinking about the reasons for the loss of his nose, Kovalev suggests that the staff officer Podtochina, who wanted him to marry her daughter, could be to blame for everything. The major himself liked to follow this daughter, but he avoided the "final dressing". And therefore, the staff officer, probably out of revenge, decided to spoil it and hired some witches-women for this.

At this moment, a quarterly police officer enters Kovalev's apartment and says that the missing major's nose was found: he was caught red-handed when he got into a stagecoach to go to Riga using a fake passport issued in someone else's name. One swindler-barber is also involved in this case.

The quarterly gives Kovalev a nose wrapped in a rag, loudly complaining about the growing high cost, which, given his large family, is very difficult. Taking the hint, Kovalev thrusts a red banknote into his hands. After the warden left, the major examines the bundle he brought and joyfully understands: the nose is really his, on the left, a pimple that jumped up yesterday is visible. But momentary triumph is replaced by anxiety: Kovalev does not know how to make his nose stick to its original place.

With trembling hands, he brings his nose to his face, but it does not stick even after the major warms him with his breath and persuades: “well, get in there, you fool!” Kovalyov then sends the footman Ivan to his neighbor, the doctor. Soon a prominent man with beautiful resinous sideburns enters and, after saying “Hm!” several times, begins to examine Kovalev. Taking him by the chin, the doctor gives a click in the place where the nose used to be - from this Kovalev throws his head back so that he hits the back of his head against the wall. Taking him away from the wall, the doctor gives a second click, shakes his head and persuades the major to remain as he is now, because the nose can be easily attached, but "it will only get worse."

Kovalyov begs the doctor to put his nose on so that he can somehow hold on. The major even agrees to “support his nose with his hand in dangerous cases” - otherwise it will be impossible for him to make visits to good houses. But the doctor only advises him to wash the nose with cold water - and "I assure you that you, without a nose, will be as healthy as if you had one." The doctor offers Kovalev to alcoholize his nose and sell it for decent money. "Better let him go!" the major shouts in despair.

After the departure of the doctor, Kovalev sits down to write a letter to the staff officer Podtochina. In it, he makes it appear to her that her participation in the story with a nose disguised as an official is not a secret to him. If the nose is not in place today, the major threatens to "recourse to the protection and patronage of the laws." Soon the answer comes from Podtochina. She assures that she never hosted any disguised official and that she never thought of leaving Kovalev with a nose, that is, giving him a refusal in the event of a possible matchmaking with her daughter. Podtochina, on the contrary, is ready to satisfy the major right now, "because this has always been the subject of her keenest desire." Kovalev comes to the conclusion that Podtochina, apparently, is really not to blame.

Meanwhile, rumors about his runaway nose are spreading throughout St. Petersburg - and with the most colorful additions. Crowds of curious people flock to Nevsky Prospekt to check the stories that the nose goes for a walk every day at exactly three o'clock. One speculator makes strong wooden benches from which it is convenient to look out the nose, and allows those who wish to stand on them for a fee of 80 kopecks. True, trustworthy people are unhappy with this hype ...

Two weeks after the incident, Kovalev, who woke up in the morning, suddenly notices that the nose, as if nothing had happened, is on his face. The presence of the nose is also confirmed by the footman Ivan. Overjoyed, Kovalev first of all goes to shave to the barber Ivan Yakovlevich. At first, he meets him timidly, but, seeing the nose in place, calms down. Shaving is very difficult for Ivan Yakovlevich because he tries not to take his nose with his hands. Happy Kovalyov, no longer covering his face, goes out into the street and makes visits. Having accidentally met the staff officer Podtochina with her daughter, he has a long and cheerful conversation with them, while taking out a snuffbox and generously stuffing his nose "from both entrances."

This is what happened in the northern capital of our vast state! Gogol concludes his short story. - Although no one still knows how the nose separated and then appeared in different places under the guise of a state adviser - such incidents (Gogol smiles) happen in the world - rarely, but they do happen.

In the legacy of the brilliant Ukrainian and Russian writer N.V. Gogol there are many works that deserve the attention of a demanding reader. A feature of his work is subtle humor and observation, a penchant for mysticism and simply incredible, fantastic stories. This is exactly what the story “The Nose” (Gogol) is, the analysis of which we will do below.

The plot of the story (briefly)

With a summary of the story should begin its analysis. Gogol's "Nose" consists of three parts, which tell about incredible incidents in the life of a certain collegiate assessor Kovalev.

So, one day, the city barber of St. Petersburg, Ivan Yakovlevich, finds a nose in a loaf of bread, which, as it turns out later, belongs to a very respected person. The barber is trying to get rid of his find, which he does with great difficulty. The collegiate assessor at this time wakes up and discovers the loss. In shock and frustration, he goes outside, covering his face with a handkerchief. And suddenly he meets his part of the body, which is dressed up in a uniform, travels around the city, prays in the cathedral, and so on. The nose does not respond to requests to return to its place.

The story of N.V. Gogol "The Nose" tells further that Kovalev is trying to find the loss. He goes to the police, wants to advertise in the newspaper, but he is refused because of the unusual nature of such a case. Exhausted, Kovalev goes home and wonders who might be behind such a cruel joke. Deciding that this is the headquarters of officer Podtochin - due to the fact that he refused to marry her daughter, the assessor writes a letter of accusation to her. But the woman is confused.

The city is quickly filled with rumors of an incredible incident. One policeman even catches his nose and brings it to the owner, but it is not possible to put him in his place. The doctor also does not know how to make the fallen off organ hold on. But about two weeks later, Kovalev wakes up and finds his nose in its rightful place. The barber, who had come to do his usual work, no longer held on to that part of the body. This is where the story ends.

Characterization and analysis. "Nose" Gogol

If you look at the genre of the work, then "The Nose" is a fantastic story. It can be argued that the author tells us that a person fusses for no reason, lives in vain and does not see beyond his nose. He is overcome by everyday worries that are not worth a penny. He calms down, feeling familiar surroundings.

What conclusion does detailed analysis lead to? Gogol's "Nose" is a story about a man who is too proud, who does not care about people of lower rank. Like a torn off sniffing organ in a uniform, such a person does not understand the speeches addressed to him and continues to do his job, no matter what it is.

The meaning of fantasy

Using a fantastic plot, original images and completely atypical "heroes", the great writer reflects on power. Brightly and topically, he tells about the life of officials and their eternal concerns. But do such people have to take care of their nose? Shouldn't they be solving the real problems of the ordinary people they lead? This is a hidden mockery that draws attention to the big problem of Gogol's contemporary society. That was the analysis. Gogol's "Nose" is a work worth reading at your leisure.

Theme of the story: fantastic and real in the depiction of Petersburg reality with the help of satire.

The idea of ​​the story: to force people to feel the vulgarity that surrounds them, since vulgarity has the only thought about itself, because it is unreasonable and limited and will not see or understand anything around except itself.

Characteristics of the main characters:

Kovalev is a collegiate assessor, "a man is neither evil nor kind", all his thoughts are fixated on his own personality. This person is invisible and he tries to embellish it. He talks about his acquaintances with influential people. Very preoccupied with his appearance. How to shake this person up? Just put in a marital status.

Ivan Yakovlevich - a barber, like any Russian artisan "was a terrible drunkard", untidy.

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The discovery of Kovalyov's nose, which he shaved twice a week, left him numb with horror. He was neither alive nor dead. I had a hard time getting rid of my nose.

Impression about the book: at first it seems that this story is a joke. But there is some truth in every joke. Gossip, pettiness, swagger - all this is vulgarity. Vulgarity has no kindness, nothing noble. Fantastic details reinforce the satirical depiction of St. Petersburg society and individual representatives, such as Major Kovalev.