The formation of the Azerbaijani SSR. Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic! National military formations

The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijani Azarbaјҹan Sovet Socialist Respublikasy) is one of the republics of the Soviet Union. It existed from April 28, 1920 to August 30, 1991. The Azerbaijan SSR was formed on April 28, 1920 immediately after the fall of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. From March 12, 1922 to December 5, 1936, it was part of the Transcaucasian Federation, and from December 5, 1936, it entered directly into the USSR as a Union Republic. Location - in the southeastern part of Transcaucasia. It bordered in the north with the RSFSR (Dagestan ASSR), in the northwest with the Georgian SSR, in the southwest with the Armenian SSR and Turkey, in the south with Iran. In the east, it was washed by the Caspian Sea with an area of 86.6 thousand km², including the islands of the Caspian Sea (as a result of the fall in the level of the Caspian Sea, the territory of Azerbaijan increased over time by 3.5 thousand km²). Population 5042 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1969, estimate). The capital is Baku. The Azerbaijan SSR included the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region. The republic was divided into 60 districts, had 57 cities (in 1913 there were 13), 119 urban-type settlements. In 1985, the policy of perestroika and democratization began in the Soviet Union, which led, in particular, to the weakening of the previously existing tight control of the central and party power in the country and the Soviet Union as a state as a whole. Since 1987, on the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region of the Azerbaijan SSR (populated mainly by Armenians), on the basis of Armenian separatism, the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict smoldering in Soviet times begins to flare up. From the very beginning, the conflict was overshadowed by a wave of ethnic violence (the Sumgayit pogrom, which was a provocation by Armenian nationalists). At the same time, tensions constantly increased, there were dead and refugees from both sides. This resulted in the Armenian pogroms in January 1990, which escalated into an anti-Soviet uprising coordinated by the Popular Front of Azerbaijan. The uprising was crushed by the Soviet army, however, despite this, since the spring of 1991, the conflict has turned into an open armed confrontation. After the August putsch on August 19-21, 1991, already on August 30, the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR proclaimed the independence of the republic.

Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic(since December 5, 1936; azerb. Azarbaјҹan Soviet Socialist Republicas listen)) is a socialist state proclaimed on April 28, 1920 in the territory as an independent state. Before 1936 Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan , or Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic (Azerb. Azərbajcan Sosjalist Zyra Cumhyrijjəti), also known by its abbreviated names as AzSSR , Azerbaijan SSR or Soviet Azerbaijan .

Starting from March 12, 1922, it was part of the Federal Union Socialist Soviet Republics Transcaucasia (FSSRZ), then transformed into the ZSFSR, which became one of the founding republics USSR. On December 5, 1936, the Azerbaijan SSR became part of the USSR and remained one of its union republics until 1991.

The Azerbaijan SSR was an order-bearing republic: it was awarded two Orders of Lenin (1935, 1964), the Order of the October Revolution (1970) and the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972).

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Subtitles

The problem of sovereignty

The first step towards the loss of independence was the creation in 1921 of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (ZSFSR) and ended with the formation of the USSR on December 30, 1922. The Soviet-Russian jurist O. I. Chistyakov wrote the following:

Since 1922, we have been dominated by the American idea of combining the sovereignty of the Union with the sovereignty of its members. The construction is, strictly speaking, artificial. In theory, it seemed to be recognized that sovereignty is the independence of the state from any power inside and outside it. But if the union republics were members of the Union, obeyed its Constitution and other legislation, then what kind of independence could we talk about? In turn, the Union, limited in its rights by the competence of the union republics, can also hardly be considered completely independent. But this construction of sovereignty was enshrined in law, and therefore became indisputable.

Among Soviet jurists, there were two points of view on the problem of the sovereignty of the Union republics. Some believed that with the unification of the republics, each republic delegated to him a part of its rights and equally limited itself. The points of view on the restriction of rights were held by S. L. Ronin, M. A. Kafar-zade, Yu. G. Sudnitsyn, etc. A significant part of other lawyers (A. Nedbailo, etc.) shared the opinion about the unlimited or complete sovereignty of the union republic. G. Kh. Ryaboshapko, adhering to the point of view of unlimited sovereignty, appealed to the Treaty on the Formation of the Union of the SSR, the Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the Constitutions of the Union Republics adopted on its basis, as well as the Constitutions in force at that time, arguing that they do not contain indications of limiting the sovereignty of the Union republics. As for the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, which dealt with limiting the sovereignty of the union republics, it was considered as unsuccessfully edited, since here we should talk about delimiting the jurisdiction of the Union and union republics. A. Sh. Milman disagreed with this. He drew attention to the fact that, according to the Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the sovereignty of the union republic is limited by the limits “specified in this constitution”, and otherwise exercises state power independently. Moreover, the Constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR of 1921 (1925 edition) states that “The Azerbaijan SSR is a sovereign state. This sovereignty is limited only within the limits specified in the Basic Law of the USSR and in the Constitution of the TSFSR, and only in subjects that fall within the competence of these state entities " .

The possibility of entering into foreign policy relations, which is one of the manifestations of sovereignty, also looked contradictory. The People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR lasted only a year (1920-1921) and was restored 23 years later, later becoming the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR. Those authors who shared the opinion of unlimited sovereignty considered the unification in 1922 of the affairs of the foreign relations of the union republics to ensure the strengthening of their sovereignty. When the United Nations Organization (UN) was established, only two republics became one of its members, along with the USSR: the Ukrainian and Byelorussian SSR.

By 1991, Soviet Azerbaijan was one of the 15 union republics that together made up the Union SSR (USSR). Their history, however, was markedly different. The Byelorussian SSR originally arose on the territory of the RSFSR as a Russian autonomy, while the Azerbaijan SSR was proclaimed an independent state in the process of transfer of power by the previous government. The Ukrainian, Armenian, and Georgian SSRs arose on parts of the territories that separated from the former empire, while the rest of the territory was controlled by the national governments of Georgia, Armenia, and Ukraine. Moreover, all of these republics appeared before the formation of the USSR, while other union republics appeared during the years of the existence of the USSR (five Central Asian republics were separated from the RSFSR in the 1920s, and three Baltic states were annexed in 1940). There were reverse cases (the Karelian-Finnish SSR turned from a union republic into an autonomy of the RSFSR, and the Tuva People Republic became part of the USSR not as a union republic, but as an autonomy of the RSFSR).

General information

The Azerbaijan SSR was formed on April 28 immediately after the fall of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. From March 12 to December 5, 1936, it was part of the Transcaucasian Federation, and from December 5, 1936, it entered directly into the USSR as a Union Republic. Location - in the southeastern part of Transcaucasia. It bordered on the RSFSR (Dagestan ASSR) in the north, on the Georgian SSR in the northwest, on the Armenian SSR and Turkey in the southwest, and on Iran in the south. In the east, it was washed by the Caspian Sea with an area of 86.6 thousand km², including the islands of the Caspian Sea. Population 5042 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1969, estimate). The capital is the city of Baku. Since 1921, according to the Moscow Treaty, the Moscow Agreement (1921) was separated from Armenia and transferred to the newly created Azerbaijan SSR, the Armenian Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region. The republic was divided into 60 districts, had 57 cities (in 1913 there were 13), 119 urban-type settlements.

In 1985, the policy of perestroika and democratization began in the Soviet Union, which led, in particular, to the weakening of the previously existing tight control of the central and party power in the country and the Soviet Union as a state as a whole. Since 1987, on the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region of the Azerbaijan SSR (populated mainly by Armenians), on the basis of pogroms in Baku and Sumgayit of the Armenian population (Sumgayit pogrom), the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict smoldering in Soviet times begins to flare up. From the very beginning, the conflict was overshadowed by a wave of ethnic violence (the Sumgayit pogrom). At the same time, tensions constantly increased, there were dead and refugees from both sides. The consequence of this was the Armenian pogroms in January 1990, which developed into an anti-Soviet uprising, coordinated by the People's Front of Azerbaijan. The uprising was crushed by the Soviet Army, however, despite this, since the spring of 1991, the conflict has turned into an open armed confrontation.

On February 5, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR adopts a law on changing the name of the republic to "Azerbaijan Republic", which did not comply with Article 71 of the USSR Constitution.

The Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan SSR) formally remained part of the USSR until its collapse on December 26, 1991, since the procedures provided for by the USSR Law “On the procedure for resolving issues related to the withdrawal of a union republic from the USSR” dated April 3, 1990 were not followed.

Political system

From the first days of the establishment of Soviet power in cities and districts, local authorities began to be created - rural, district and district revolutionary committees (revolutionary committees). M. D. Bagirov, who headed Azerbaijan for 20 years (from 1933 to 1953), wrote about revolutionary committees: “These were the first contours, still vaguely defined, pale, incorrect - of the new building of the Soviet system ...” .

The District Revolutionary Committee included the chairman, his deputy, the secretary of the committee, the head of the political department of the revolutionary committee and the military commissar, who were approved by Azrevkom. On the proposal of the district revolutionary committees, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR approved the members of the district revolutionary committee (the chairman and two members), and already on the proposal of the district revolutionary committees, the district revolutionary committee approved the composition of the rural revolutionary committee (chairman and two members), which were created in villages where there were at least 300 inhabitants . For example, in the Baku district, 4 precinct and 68 rural revolutionary committees were created.

Each of the local authorities carried out its activities on the ground in accordance with its competencies. The activities of district and rural revolutionary committees were led by the District Revolutionary Committee, which had departments for various branches of work. So, the Cuban Revolutionary Committee in June 1920 had departments of administration, communal, food, health, finance, land, social security, etc.. Structural divisions also existed as part of the district revolutionary committees: departments of management (administrative), public education, land, supply and military. Own departments were absent only in the rural revolutionary committee, but if necessary, he was given the right to create commissions to assist in resolving economic issues.

The first Constitution of Azerbaijan, adopted at the 1st All-Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets on May 19, 1921, established the following system of the highest bodies of state power: Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets, Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee (azerb.) Russian(AzCEC) and its Presidium.

The Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets held the highest power in Azerbaijan. At least twice a year, it was convened by the AzCEC. The Congress included representatives of all city councils (the ratio is 1 deputy per 1,000 voters) and county congresses of Soviets (the ratio is 1 deputy per 5,000 voters). A total of 8 Congresses of Soviets were held, and the IX was an Extraordinary Congress

The AzCEC itself was elected at the Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets, and from the delegates of the Congress, and was subordinate to it. The AzCEC was located at 11/13 Kommunisticheskaya Street on the 2nd floor. It was headed by the Chairman, who was elected at the first meeting of each new convocation of the AzCEC for the term of office of the AzCEC itself. Together with him, the deputy chairman and secretary of the AzCEC were elected. Its numerical composition was determined by the Constitution no more than 75 members and 25 candidates, but in the future it expanded with each successive Congress. If the I All-Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets elected 75 members and 25 candidates to the AzCEC, then the II Congress - 95 members and 35 candidates, the III Congress - 115 members and 37 candidates, the IV Congress - 159 members and 27 candidates.

At the initiative of its Presidium, the AzCEC met once every two months for sessional meetings, and in the period between sessions, the Presidium of the AzCEC was the supreme authority.

The system of Congresses of Soviets, when several bodies of state power and administration carried out legislative activities, was liquidated by the Constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR of 1937, which established the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR as the sole legislative body of the republic. As a collegial head of state (formally), he existed until 1991, until he adopted the Declaration "On the restoration of the state independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan" and introduced the position of president. On October 30, 1991, the Supreme Council decided to transfer part of its powers to the National Assembly (Milli Majlis).

The term of office of the Supreme Council under the Constitution of 1937 (as of 1966) lasted 4 years, and under the Constitution of 1978 - 5 years. It consisted of 450 deputies in accordance with the Basic Law of 1978. Throughout history, there were 12 convocations of the Supreme Council: I-IV convocation - 310, V convocation - 325, VI convocation - 345, VII convocation - 380, VIII convocation - 385, IX convocation - 400, X-XI convocations - 450 deputies

The Supreme Council at the first session of the next convocation formed the Council of Ministers (government). The selection of its composition was carried out by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and the candidates were approved by the Supreme Council. The residential building of the Baksovet (architects S. Dadashev and M. Useinov) served as the building of the Council of Ministers, as well as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Azerbaijan SSR.

President of the Azerbaijan SSR (1991)

In May 1991, with the consent of the Advisory Council, the Supreme Council unanimously elected the only candidate - the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Azerbaijan SSR A. Mutalibov - the first president of the republic. After the adoption on August 30 of the "Declaration on the Restoration of the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan" and despite the protests of the opposition People's Front of Azerbaijan, the first presidential elections were held on September 8, which were won by Mutalibov.

Political parties

Political power in the USSR and its republics actually belonged to the party. For all the years of the existence of Soviet Azerbaijan, the Communist Party of Azerbaijan (the so-called one-party regime) had a monopoly on power in the republic, which was part of the CPSU (b) / CPSU with other republican Communist Parties (except the RSFSR, which formed its own Communist Party only in 1990). The head of the party apparatus (first secretary of the Central Committee) was the de facto leader of the republic. The first multi-party elections in the Azerbaijan SSR were held in the autumn of 1990, which were won by the Communist Party of Azerbaijan.

Communist Party of Azerbaijan SSR

Azerbaijan Communist Party (Bolsheviks) or abbreviated AKP(b) It was formed on February 11, 1920 at the illegal First Congress of Communist Organizations of Azerbaijan in Baku by the merger of three socialist organizations: Gummet, Adalat and the Baku Committee of the RCP (b). The main core of the newly formed party was the Baku Bolshevik Organization. The party existed for 71 years and at its Extraordinary Congress, held on September 10, 1991, dissolved itself.

All three of these organizations were social democratic in origin. The Baku Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Baku Committee of the RSDLP) was created in the spring of 1901 by the leading center of the Baku revolutionary social democrats and took the position of a prominent revolutionary figure of the 20th century V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) and the Iskra newspaper. At the II Congress of the RSDLP in 1903, the party split into two factions: the Bolsheviks (led by Lenin) and the Mensheviks (led by Martov). The split persisted until 1917, when the two factions finally separated and became independent parties in the form of the RSDLP (b) and simply the RSDLP. After changing its name to the Communist Party, the Baku Committee of the RSDLP(b) will become the Baku Committee of the RCP(b).

The activity of the Gummet (Energy) organization dates back to October 1904. According to the opinion established in historiography, Gummet created the Baku Committee of the RSDLP as its branch and this organization was not independent (S. M. Efendiev wrote that it was organically connected with the Baku Committee of the RSDLP and at the same time enjoyed autonomy). But foreign researchers saw in the creation of "Gummet" a peculiar phenomenon of Russian social democracy, in which Marxism was combined with Turkic nationalism and which independently existed from the RSDLP. The problem of Gummet's independence in the Khrushchev era caused controversy between scientists in Baku and Moscow, in particular around the fundamental monograph "History of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan" (1958). If the head of the department of the Transcaucasian Higher Party School, Professor P. N. Valuev criticized the presentation of Gummet as an independent party of Azerbaijani communists, then Azerbaijani scientists strongly objected to attempts to unfairly belittle the role of Gummet. In the post-Soviet period, one of the Azerbaijani researchers, I. Bagirova, came to the conclusion that the initiative to create Gummet belonged to a group of Azerbaijani democratic intellectuals. As for the Adalat party, it was founded in 1916 in Baku by Iranian immigrants.

By its 1st illegal congress in 1920, the membership of the Azerbaijan Communist Party was about 4 thousand people, and in January 1921 it had 15.4 thousand members. It has increased significantly over the following decades. By January 1, 1979, its membership reached 313,742 people (300,786 members and 12,956 candidate members). For comparison, the “New Azerbaijan” party ruling in present-day Azerbaijan (since 1993) has reached 725,000 people in just 25 years (by 2018).

In social terms, by January 1, 1924, workers in the party accounted for 30.4%, almost a third of peasants, and employees and others - 41.4%. If at the beginning of 1966 the share of workers reached 33.5%, then by the beginning of 1979 it had increased to 42.2%, while the share of peasants was a quarter with a little, and employees and others over the years decreased from 42.6 % to 37.1%. At the same time, it is worth noting that in the first years after the formation, more than half of the communists (56.8%) were in rural areas, but with the growth of industrialization, this ratio changed in favor of the city.

As for the national composition, in 1921 the share of Azerbaijanis in the Communist Party of the Azerbaijan SSR was 42.2%. Later this share increased. As of January 1, 1979, the Communist Party consisted of 72.9% Azerbaijanis, 10.8% - Armenians, 2.6% - Lezgins, 1.1% - Jews, as well as others.

At the birth of the AKP(b), it had its main body - the Central Committee (CC), an organ of political leadership made up of members of the Central Committee (Politburo), the Orgburo. At the initial stage, the network of party bodies of the Communist Party of the Republic consisted of Baku and 16 county committees. This was the case with the entire VKP(b) // CPSU. The leading position of the organizational and technical apparatus of the all-Union party - the Secretariat of the Central Committee VKP(b) - in 1922 becomes the general secretary (general secretary), which is occupied by Stalin. Over the next decades, structural changes took place in the CPSU (b) // CPSU. The Central Committee (CC) began to play the role of "intra-party parliament", the role of the executive body of the party was transferred to the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and the activities of the Organizing Bureau merged with the Secretariat. By the end of the 1920s, Stalin had concentrated such significant personal power in his hands that the position became associated with the highest position in the party leadership, although the Charter of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks did not provide for its existence. The system laid down by Stalin, the defeated oppositionists will call the "dictatorship of the secretariat" (Bukharin will call it the "secretary regime"). At the head of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan was the First Secretary. In the days of L. I. Brezhnev, at the level of the Central Committee of the Communist Parties of the republics, there was a principle that the secretary for ideology is the second secretary, followed by the secretary for industry (thus, he, as it were, was the third secretary).

The party system has embraced various aspects of life, including the younger generation. In July 1920, the First Congress of the Komsomol of the Azerbaijan SSR (Azerbaijan Komsomol, that is, the Leninist Communist Youth Union of Azerbaijan), established in 1918 (as the "Union of International Working Youth of Baku and its regions"), was held. As of January 1, 1975, its numerical strength was 619,258 people, while the proportion of Azerbaijanis in 1974 was 74.4%. About the struggle of the Komsomol youth for Soviet power, the poet Samad Vurgun wrote an epic Komsomol poem, based on which the film “My Seven Sons” was shot at the Azerbaijanfilm studio. On the initiative of the Komsomol cells, from the second half of 1922, pioneer detachments began to be created in the republic, especially in Baku. In 1936, the House of Pioneers was opened in Baku, renamed in 1952 as the Palace of Pioneers.

The Baku Higher Party School (now the Academy of Public Administration under the President of Azerbaijan) was located in Baku. The Library of the Baku City Party Committee named after S. M. Kirov was located on Youth Square, where classes were held at the Evening University of Marxism-Leninism under the Baku Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan.

Popular Front of Azerbaijan

The activities of the Popular Front of Azerbaijan (PFA) began with the "Club of Baku Scientists" from among young liberals (Z. Alizade, L. Yunusova, T. Gasimova, H. Hajizade, I. Gambarov, E. Mammadova). Organized by them in the summer of 1988, the Initiative Group for the Creation of the NFA merged in late February - early March 1989 with the organization of N. Panahov "Varlyg", but soon the oriental scholar A. Aliyev (Elchibey), who was not associated with them, came to the fore. At the III conference of the PFA in January 1990, the liberal part of this organization separated. The liberal leaders (Z. Alizade and L. Yunusova) created the Social Democratic Group, which served as the basis for the Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan.

Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan

The Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan was registered in 1990 and became the first officially registered party in the Azerbaijan SSR. Its chairman Araz Alizade was elected to the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan in 1991.

Administrative device

The Azerbaijan SSR was, according to the Constitution, "a socialist state of workers and peasants, a union Soviet socialist republic, which is part of the USSR". The highest body of state power is the unicameral Supreme Council of the Azerbaijan SSR, elected for 4 years according to the norm: 1 deputy from 12.5 thousand inhabitants. During the period between sessions of the Supreme Soviet, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR was the highest body of state power. The Supreme Council formed the government of the republic - the Council of Ministers, adopted the laws of the Azerbaijan SSR, etc. Local authorities in the regions, cities, towns and villages, as well as in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region, were the corresponding Councils of Workers' Deputies, elected by the population for 2 years. In the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Azerbaijan SSR was represented by 32 deputies (in addition, the Nakhichevan ASSR and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which are part of Azerbaijan, were represented in the Council of Nationalities by 11 and 5 deputies, respectively).

According to the Constitution, the supreme judicial body of the Azerbaijan SSR was the Supreme Court of the Republic, elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR for a term of 5 years, it acted as part of 2 judicial boards (for civil cases and criminal cases) and the Plenum. In addition, the Presidium of the Supreme Court was formed. The prosecutor of the Azerbaijan SSR, as well as the prosecutors of the Nakhichevan ASSR and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region, were appointed by the Prosecutor General of the USSR for a period of 5 years.

Economy

Azerbaijani ruble (1920-1923)

In April 1920, the issue of paper money of the Azerbaijan SSR began, which were issued until January 1923. All previous issues of money were cancelled.

Military establishment

Azerbaijan Red Army

National military formations

In the all-Union defense system

culture

Social and ethical ideal

In 1961, at the 22nd Congress of the CPSU, the “Moral Code of the Builder of Communism” was formulated. It contained the ideal of Soviet society. The text of the code included 12 points:

art

After the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan in 1920, a new type of art began to form in Azerbaijan. In 1920, the first art school was opened in Baku, where new genres of fine arts were created.

In the 1930s, artists such as

On April 28, 1920, the creation of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR) on the territory of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which fell as a result of the military aggression of Soviet Russia, was proclaimed.

In response to the appeal of the Azerbaijan Provisional Revolutionary Committee to conclude an alliance with the RSFSR based on mutual trust and recognition, on May 5, a telegram sent by V.I. Lenin on behalf of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR to the Azerbaijani Soviet government announced the recognition of the independent Azerbaijan SSR.

The recognition of the Azerbaijani government, created by force with the help of the 11th army of Soviet Russia, was of a formal nature. Representatives of Russia in the Azerbaijan SSR managed not only political activity, but also the economy, and, in particular, the main sphere of the national economy, which was the oil industry. The entry of the Azerbaijan SSR as part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic into the USSR, created on December 30, 1922 at the First All-Union Congress of Soviets, meant the complete transfer to the center of its already limited rights. Despite the preservation by Azerbaijan of a number of state attributes, including the flag, coat of arms, anthem and constitution, the country has lost its status as a subject of international law in many areas. Along with this, in 1920-30, thanks to the heroic work of the Azerbaijani people, a great upsurge was achieved in the oil industry, new industries appeared, power stations were built, irrigation canals were laid, and agriculture was revived.

In Azerbaijan, universal literacy was achieved, the network of general education schools, hospitals and polyclinics, higher and secondary special schools, research and cultural and educational institutions was significantly expanded. In the 1940s-1950s, a new period of economic and cultural growth began in Azerbaijan. However, the 1960s can be characterized as the years of decline in the Azerbaijan SSR. And only with the coming to the leadership of the republic in 1969, Heydar Aliyev, the foundations of a turning point in the modern history of Azerbaijan were laid. The tireless activity of Heydar Aliyev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU to develop comprehensive programs for the dynamic development of the republic, his unparalleled initiative and indomitable energy became a clear sign of the 1970s. The years 1970-1985 were the most brilliant pages in the chronicle of creation in Azerbaijan. In terms of the scale of changes, the nature of deep structural reforms in the economic and social spheres, the transition of the material well-being of the people to a qualitatively new level, these years occupy a very important place in the new history of Azerbaijan. The far-fetched Nagorno-Karabakh problem, put forward by the Armenian separatists since 1987, has become a new obstacle to the development of the republic.

From the first days, this problem was perceived by the Azerbaijani people as an encroachment on the territorial integrity of the republic, an attempt to violate the constitutional rights of citizens. Despite the repeated official confirmation by state structures of various levels of inviolability of borders, a policy was gradually pursued aimed at withdrawing the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region from Azerbaijan. The tragedy of January 20, committed to break the faith and will of the risen people, to humiliate their national dignity and demonstrate the power of the Soviet military machine, was a military aggression and a crime committed against the Azerbaijani people by the totalitarian communist regime. Against the backdrop of the events that took place, as a logical outcome of the centrifugal tendencies that took place on the territory of the entire USSR, Azerbaijan regained its independence in 1991, after 71 years.

Translated from Azerbaijaniby edition« Historical Azerbaijani states», Baku, 2012, page.190

In the east it is washed by the Caspian Sea. Area 86.6 thousand sq. km 2. Population 5689 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). National composition (according to the 1970 census, thousand people): 3777 Azerbaijanis, 510 Russians, 484 Armenians, 137 Lezgins, etc. The average population density is 65.7 people. for 1 km 2(as of January 1, 1976). The capital is Baku (1406 thousand inhabitants as of January 1, 1976). The largest city is Kirovabad (211 thousand inhabitants). New cities have grown: Sumgait (168 thousand inhabitants), Mingechaur, Stepanakert, Ali-Bayramli, Dashkesan, etc. The Azerbaijan SSR includes the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region. There are 61 districts, 60 cities and 125 urban-type settlements in the republic.

Nature. Almost 1/2 of the territory of the Azerbaijan SSR is occupied by mountains. In the north - the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus, in the south - the Lesser Caucasus, between which the Kura depression is located; to the south-east - Talysh mountains, in the south-west. (separated territory of the Armenian SSR) - the Middle Araks basin and its northern mountainous frame - the Daralagez (Ayots Dzor) and Zangezur ridges. The highest point is the city of Bazarduzu (4480 m). Minerals: oil, gas, iron and polymetallic ores, alunite. Altitude zonality is characteristic of the climate and soil and vegetation cover. The climate varies from dry and humid subtropical to the climate of upland tundra. In lowland areas, the average temperature in July is 25-28 °С, in January from 3 °С to 1.5-2 °С, the temperatures drop above (up to -10 °С in the highlands). Precipitation from 200-300 mm in year in coastal and lowland areas (excluding the Lankaran lowland - 1200-1400 mm) up to 1300 mm on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. The main river is the Kura. The most significant lakes are Hajikabul and Boyukshor. The vegetation of dry steppes, semi-deserts and alpine meadows prevails on various types of chestnut, brown, gray earth and mountain meadow soils. On the slopes of the mountains - broad-leaved forests on mountain-forest soils; forests occupy 11% of the territory

History reference. The class society on the territory of Azerbaijan arose at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e. From the 9th century BC e. the most ancient states existed: Mana, Midia, Atropatena, Caucasian Albania. In the 3-10 centuries. n. e. the territory was ruled by the Iranian Sassanids and the Arab Caliphate; this period includes anti-feudal, liberation actions (anti-Sasanian uprisings, the Mazdakit movement, the Babek uprising). By the 9th-16th centuries. include the feudal states of the Shirvanshahs, Hulagunds, and others. In the 11-13 centuries. the Azerbaijani people were mainly formed. In the 11th-14th centuries. there were invasions of the Seljuk Turks, Mongol-Tatars, Timur. In the 16-18 centuries. territory within the Safavid state; was the object of a struggle between Iran and Turkey; people's liberation movement (Ker-ogly and others). From the middle of the 18th century there were over 15 feudal states (Sheki, Karabakh, Quba khanates, etc.). In the 1st third of the 19th century. Northern Azerbaijan is annexed to Russia. The peasant reform of 1870 accelerated the development of capitalism; by the end of the 19th century. Baku is the largest industrial center; the first social-democratic organizations appeared; the working class waged a strike struggle (the Baku strikes). The working people participated in the Revolution of 1905-07, the February Revolution of 1917 and the Great October Socialist Revolution. Soviet power was established in November 1917; the Baku Commune was formed, a stronghold of Soviet power in Transcaucasia. Anglo-Turkish intervention began in the summer of 1918, and Musavatists seized power. With the help of the Red Army, the working people restored Soviet power. On April 28, 1920, the Azerbaijani SSR was proclaimed, which from March 12, 1922 was part of the ZSFSR, from December 5, 1936, directly into the USSR as a union republic. As a result of the industrialization, the collectivization of agriculture and the cultural revolution carried out under the leadership of the Communist Party, a largely socialist society was built in the republic.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Azerbaijani people mobilized all their forces to repel fascist aggression.

As of January 1, 1976, the Communist Party of Azerbaijan had 276,508 members and 11,315 candidate members of the party; there were 647,315 members in the ranks of the Leninist Communist Youth Union of Azerbaijan; there are over 1657.1 thousand members of trade unions in the republic.

The people of Azerbaijan, together with all the fraternal peoples of the USSR, achieved new successes in communist construction in the post-war decades.

The Azerbaijan SSR was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin (1935, 1964), the Order of the October Revolution (1970) and the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972).

Economy. During the years of socialist construction, Azerbaijan became an industrial-agrarian republic. In the national economy of the USSR, Azerbaijan stands out for its oil, oil refining and related chemical industries, as well as machine building.

Azerbaijan has developed economic ties with all union republics.

In 1975, the volume of industrial output exceeded the 1940 level by 8.3 times, and the 1913 level by 49 times.

On the production of the most important types of industrial products, see the data in Table. one.

Tab. 1. - Production of the most important types of industrial products

Oil (including gas condensate), mln. t	1940	1970	1975
Oil (including gas condensate), mln. t	22	20	17
Gas, mln. m 3	2498	5521	9890
Electricity, bln. kWh	2	12	15
Iron ore, thous. t	-	1413	1346
Steel, thous. t	24	733	825
Rolled ferrous metals (finished), thous. t	8,5	585	670
Sulfuric acid in monohydrate, thous. t	26	126	378
Mineral fertilizers (in standard units), thous. t		580	896
Pumping units, thousand pieces	1	2	3
Downhole pumps, thous.	31	77	85
Cement, thous. t	112	1409	1398
Cotton fiber, thous. t	58	131	178
Cotton fabrics, mln. m	49	133	125,5
Woolen fabrics, mln. m	0,5	8,5	12,5
Silk fabrics, mln. m	0,2	18,5	32
Leather shoes, million pairs	2	11	15
Catch of fish, harvest of sea animals, thous. t	33	73	57
Canned food, mln conditional cans	20,0	185	295
Grape wine, thous. gave*	906	4222	6721
Meat, thous. t	17	48	64

* Without wine, refinement and bottling of which are carried out on the territory of other republics.

90% of electricity is produced at thermal power plants, of which the largest is Ali-Bayramli GRES (1100 MW). Under construction (1977) Azerbaijan State District Power Plant. Azerbaijan is the oldest region in the USSR in terms of oil production (produced on the Absheron Peninsula, in the Kura-Araks lowland, in offshore fields) and gas. The oil refining and petrochemical industries, mechanical engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy, light and food industries are developed.

Gross agricultural output in 1975 increased by 3.5 times compared to 1940. At the end of 1975 there were 496 state farms and 873 collective farms. In 1975, 30.8 thousand tractors worked in agriculture (in physical units; 6.1 thousand in 1940), 4.4 thousand grain harvesters (0.7 thousand in 1940), 22.1 thousand trucks . Agricultural land in 1975 amounted to 4.1 million hectares. ha(47.1% of the entire territory), including arable land - 1.4 million hectares. ha, hayfields - 0.1 million ha and pastures - 2 million. ha. Irrigation is important for agriculture. The area of irrigated land in 1975 reached 1,141,000 hectares. ha. The largest channels are: Upper Shirvan, Upper Karabakh and Samur-Absheron. Agricultural production accounts for 65% of the total agricultural output (1975). Data on sown areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops, see Table. 2.

Tab. 2. - Cultivated area and gross harvest of agricultural crops

Total sown area, thous. ha	1940	1970	1975
Total sown area, thous. ha	1124	1196	1310
Cereal crops	797	621	611
Including:
wheat	471	420	412
corn (grain)	10	12	12
Industrial crops	213	210	231
Including:
cotton	188	193	211
Tobacco	7	14	17
Potato	22	15	17
Vegetables	14	32	38
Forage crops	66	308	402
Gross collection, thous. t
Grain crops, thous. t	567	723	893
Including: wheat	298	504	629
corn (for grain)	10	22	28
Raw cotton	154	336	450
Tobacco	5	25	42
Potato	82	130	89
Vegetables	63	410	604

One of the leading branches of agriculture - cotton growing, provides more than 30% of the proceeds from the sale of agricultural products of collective farms and state farms. High quality varieties of tobacco are grown. The Azerbaijan SSR is one of the all-Union bases for early vegetable growing. Vineyard area - 178 thousand hectares ha in 1975 (33 thousand people) ha in 1940), fruit and berry plantations - 147 thousand hectares. ha(37 thousand ha in 1940), tea plantations - 8.5 thousand hectares. ha(5.1 thousand ha in 1940). Gross grape harvest - 706 thousand tons t in 1975 (81 thousand t in 1940), fruits and berries - 151.9 thousand. t(115 thousand t in 1940), tea - 13.1 thousand tons. t(0.24 thous. t in 1940).

An important place in agriculture is occupied by animal husbandry of the meat-wool and meat-and-dairy directions (see Table 3). It gives 15% of the proceeds from the sale of agricultural products of collective farms and state farms. On the growth of livestock production, see the data in Table. 4.

	1941	1971	1976
Cattle	1357	1577	1667
including cows and buffaloes	489	605	622
Sheep and goats	2907	4371	5128
Pigs	120	113	135
Bird, million	3,8	8,8	12,8

Tab. 4. - Production of basic livestock products

	1940	1970	1975
Meat (in slaughter weight), thous. t	41	94	115
Milk, thous. t	275	478	658
Eggs, mln.	158	413	578
Wool, thousand t	4,2	7,6	9,5

The main mode of transport is rail. The operational length of railways is 1.85 thousand km. km. The length of roads is 22 thousand km. km(1975), including hard-surfaced 14.7 thous. km. The major port is Baku. Navigable river routes 0.5 thousand km. Developed air transport. Oil pipelines operate: Baku - Batumi, Ali-Bayramli - Baku; gas pipelines: Karadag - Akstafa with branches to Yerevan and Tbilisi, Karadag - Sumgayit, Ali-Bayramli - Karadag.

The standard of living of the population of the republic is steadily rising. The national income for 1966-75 increased 1.8 times. Real incomes per capita in 1975 compared with 1965 increased 1.5 times. Retail turnover of state and cooperative trade (including public catering) increased from 297 million rubles. in 1940 to 2757 million rubles. in 1975, while the turnover per capita - 4 times. The amount of deposits in savings banks in 1975 reached 896 million rubles. (8 million rubles in 1940), the average deposit is 941 rubles. (26 rubles in 1940). At the end of 1975, the city's housing stock amounted to 28.5 million sq. m 2 total (usable) area. During 1971-75, 6.9 million tons were put into operation at the expense of the state, collective farms and the population. m 2 total (usable) area.

Cultural building. According to the 1897 census, 9.2% of the population was literate, among men - 13.1%, among women - 4.2%. In 1914/15 school. There were 976 general education schools of all kinds (73.1 thousand students), 3 secondary specialized educational institutions (455 students), there were no higher educational institutions. After the establishment of Soviet power, a new school was created with teaching in the native language. By 1939, the literacy of the population had risen to 82.8%; according to the 1970 census, it reached 99.6%. In 1975, 127,000 children were being brought up in permanent preschool institutions.

In 1975/76 school. 1656 thousand students studied in 4618 general education schools of all types, 63.3 thousand students studied in 125 vocational educational institutions (including 49 vocational educational institutions providing secondary education - 30.9 thousand students), in 78 secondary specialized educational institutions - 72.3 thousand students, in 17 universities - 99.0 thousand students. The largest universities: Azerbaijan University, Azerbaijan Institute of Oil and Chemistry, Azerbaijan Medical Institute, Conservatory.

In 1975, there were 775 people per 1,000 people employed in the national economy. with higher and secondary (complete and incomplete) education (in 1939 - 122 people). The leading scientific institution of the republic is the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. As of January 1, 1976, 21,300 researchers were working in scientific institutions.

The network of cultural institutions has received significant development. On January 1, 1975, there were: 14 theaters, including the Azerbaijan Opera and Ballet Theater named after. M. F. Akhundov, Azerbaijan Drama Theater named after. M. Azizbekova, Russian Drama Theater. S. Vurgun, Theater of the Young Spectator. M. Gorky, Theater of Musical Comedy. Sh. Kurbanov, Azerbaijan Drama Theatre. J. Jabarly; 2.2 thousand stationary cinema installations; 2806 club institutions. The largest republican library: The State Library of the Azerbaijan SSR. M. F. Akhundov in Baku (founded in 1923, over 3 million copies of books, brochures, magazines, etc.); there were: 3479 public libraries (26.7 million copies of books and magazines), 41 museums.

In 1975, 1,156 titles of books and pamphlets were published with a circulation of 11.3 million copies, including 799 publications in the Azerbaijani language with a circulation of 9.1 million copies. (1141 titles with a circulation of 4974 thousand copies in 1940). 123 journal publications were published (one-time circulation 1771 thousand copies, annual circulation 34.8 million copies), including 71 publications in the Azerbaijani language (44 publications with an annual circulation of 722 thousand copies in 1940). 117 newspapers were published. The total one-time circulation of newspapers is 2711 thousand copies, the annual circulation is 519 million copies.

The Azerbaijan Telegraph Agency (AzTAG) was established in 1920, since 1972 - Azerinform. The Republican Book Chamber has been operating since 1925. The first radio broadcasts began in Baku in 1926. In 1956, the Baku Television Center went into operation. Radio and TV programs are conducted in Azerbaijani, Russian and Armenian.

In the republic in 1975 there were 748 hospitals with 54,800 beds (222 hospitals with 12,600 beds in 1940); 16.5 thousand doctors and 46.5 thousand paramedical personnel worked (3.3 thousand doctors and 7.5 thousand paramedical personnel in 1940). Popular balneological resorts: Istisu, Naftalan and etc.

Nakhichevan ASSR

The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed on February 9, 1924. It is located in the south of Transcaucasia. It borders on the southwest. with Turkey and Iran. Area 5.5 thousand sq. km 2. Population 227 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). National composition (according to the 1970 census, thousand people): 190 Azerbaijanis, 6 Armenians, 4 Russians, etc. The average population density is 41.2 people. for 1 km 2(as of January 1, 1976). The capital is the city of Nakhichevan.

In 1975 the volume of industrial output exceeded the level of 1940 by 12 times. The food and mining industries stand out. There is an electrical engineering, metalworking, woodworking industry, production of building materials.

In 1975 there were 24 state farms and 49 collective farms. Agriculture is dominated by irrigated agriculture. The sown area of all agricultural crops in 1975 amounted to 40,000 ha. ha. Cotton, tobacco and vegetables are cultivated. Horticulture and viticulture are developed. Breed mainly sheep and cattle. Livestock (as of January 1, 1976, thousand): cattle 61, sheep and goats 312.

In 1975/76 school. 71.9 thousand students studied in 225 general education schools of all types (before the establishment

Article about the word THE USSR. Azerbaijan SSR" in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia was read 2301 times

Left to right, top to bottom:
Hamid Sultanov, Davud Huseynov;
Dr. M. Kadirli, Dadash Buniat-zade, Nariman Narimanov, Ali Heydar Karaev, Dr. Musabekov;
Agha Huseyn Kazimov, Samad Agamali oglu, Chingiz Ildrym, Jamil Vezirov.

In the spring of 1920, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) experienced a government crisis. At the end of March, a group of socialists were arrested and accused of treason. In response, the parliamentary faction of the socialists declared no confidence in the cabinet of ministers of Usubbekov. After the faction of the Ittihad party joined the socialists, Usubbekov's government resigned (April 1, 1920).
The new cabinet was proposed to be formed by Mammad Hasan Hajinsky, who was previously the Minister of Internal Affairs and then the Minister of Trade and Industry in the previous government, who invited the Bolsheviks to form a left-wing coalition government. His negotiations with the communists lasted 20 days, but they refused to take part in the activities of the newly formed government. On April 22, M. Gadzhinsky announced his failure in an attempt to form a cabinet. The political crisis has reached its climax.
Under these conditions, the Communist Party headed for an armed uprising. An emergency meeting of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist Party (Bolsheviks) held on April 26, together with the Baku Bureau of the Caucasian Regional Committee of the Party, outlined a plan to seize power. The Azerbaijani Provisional Revolutionary Committee (Azrevkom) was organized to lead the uprising. To avoid bloodshed, the Central Committee of the AKP (b) at the same meeting decided to present an ultimatum to the Musavat government to surrender power. At noon on April 27, a delegation of communists headed by Hamid Sultanov, on behalf of the Central Committee of the AKP (b), the Baku Bureau of the Caucasian Regional Committee of the RCP (b) and the Central Working Conference, delivered an ultimatum to surrender power within the next 12 hours. The ultimatum said:
Azerbaijani parliament and government.
The Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist Party, expressing the will of the Azerbaijani proletariat and the working peasantry, and in order to prevent bloodshed, considers it its duty to ultimatum to you the question of the immediate surrender of power to the Bolshevik Party.
On the night of April 26-27, troops of the 11th Red Army crossed the border to support the uprising, and a group of 4 armored trains with troops from two companies moved by rail to Baku. The military fleet of the ADR went over to the side of the rebels, the command of which was taken by the engineer Chingiz Ildrym, who at that time was the head of the port. The warships "Kars", "Ardagan" and "Astrabad" entered the bay and, under the muzzles of their guns, Ch. Ildrym also issued an ultimatum:
Government and Parliament of Azerbaijan.
The Red Fleet of the Socialist Soviet Azerbaijan Republic invites you to immediately surrender power to the Soviet Workers 'and Peasants' Government headed by Comrade. Narimanov. The Red Fleet in this case guarantees calmness and peace for the entire population of the city of Baku, without distinction of nationalities. The answer must be submitted with the receipt of this in (two) hours, otherwise fire will be opened.
Commander of the Red Fleet of Soviet Azerbaijan
engineer Ildrym.
April 27, 1920

Parliament was convened immediately. The meeting continued until late at night. At midnight, a parliamentary resolution was passed: the majority of all were against one abstention and one against, on the surrender of power to the Bolsheviks.
Thus, on the night of April 27-28, 1920, in Baku, without a single shot being fired, a bloodless armed uprising of the proletariat won and Soviet power was established. As a result of the coup, all the fullness of state power passed into the hands of the Azerbaijan Provisional Revolutionary Committee, which proclaimed Azerbaijan an independent Soviet Socialist Republic.
The Azerbaijan Provisional Military Revolutionary Committee (Azrevkom) became the highest authorized body of power, consisting of: Nariman Narimanov (chairman), Mirza Davud Huseynov, Gazanfar Musabekov, Hamid Sultanov, Abid Alimov, Ali Heydar Karayev and Dadash Buniat-zade.
It was decided that the Azrevkom would exist until the convocation of the Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Askers' Deputies.

On April 28, 1920, at a meeting of the Azrevkom, a government was approved - the Council of People's Commissars, in the following composition:
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs - Nariman Narimanov.
People's Commissar of Naval Affairs - Chingiz Ildrym.
People's Commissar of Internal Affairs - Hamid Sultanov.
People's Commissar of Labor and Justice - Ali Heydar Karayev.
People's Commissar for Agriculture, Trade, Industry and Food - Gazanfar Musabekov, board: Myachin, Yusup Melikov and Solovyov N.
People's Commissar of Finance - Mirza Davud Huseynov, his deputy - Tagiyev N. Kh.
People's Commissar of Education and State Control - Dadash Buniat-zade.
People's Commissar of Posts, Telegraphs and Communications - Jamil Vezirov.
People's Commissar of Health and Charity - Abid Alimov, his deputy - Agha Huseyn Kazimov.

On May 1, 1920, the Commissariat of Agriculture stood out - Samad Agha Agamali oglu became People's Commissar for Agriculture, and the position of Commissar of the Oil Industry and Bulk Fleet was established as part of the Commissariat of Trade, Industry and Food.
On May 4, the People's Commissariat for Food, People's Commissar Gazanfar Musabekov, stood out.
On May 5-7, the Azrevkom partly outlined the first members of the presidium of the Azerbaijan Council of the National Economy, which marked the beginning of the creation of the Azsovnarkhoz, which gradually developed and covered all departments of the national economy and every industry, starting with handicraftsmen. At first, the Presidium of the Azovnarkhoz had at its disposal three specialist engineers and an office of six employees (the former industrial department of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Food of the ADR). The entire huge apparatus of this ministry, with personnel, inventory, etc., remained in the People's Commissariat of Food, which was separated on May 1.
After April 28, 1920, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Food turned into the People's Commissariat, and a few days later, with the formation of the People's Commissariat for Food, into the Azovnarkhoz, which radically changed the situation with the production and distribution of finished products. The beginning of planned production and distribution was laid, instead of the former spontaneous free market.
Solovyov N.

From the position of the Azrevkom on the Council of the National Economy of the Republic dated May 29, 1920.
The Council of the National Economy of the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic is the highest economic institution in charge and organizing all production and distribution within the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic. As an economic body of the Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee (Azrevkom), it is responsible to it and the Council of People's Commissars of the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic. The Economic Council is in charge of: organizing and regulating all production and distribution (except food); direct management of state enterprises; organization of state procurement of raw materials and fuel; financing and reporting of enterprises and procurements.
To direct the daily work of the Economic Council and resolve individual specific issues, as well as to direct and guide all the national economic bodies of the republic, a presidium of the Council of the National Economy of 7-9 persons is elected, approved by a special committee. The chairman of the committee is elected from the presidium of the executive committee and enjoys the rights of a people's commissar.

In June-July, the following changes took place in the composition of the Council of People's Commissars.
Nariman Narimanov, former chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, remained only chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.
Mirza Davud Huseynov, who was previously People's Commissar for Finance, became People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, and Tagiev N. Kh., former Deputy People's Commissar, became People's Commissar for Finance.
Agha Huseyn Kazimov became People's Commissar for Health and Charity.

On April 28, 1920, the People's Commissariat of State Control, operating from the first day of the coup in Azerbaijan, was renamed the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection on June 1, following the model of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection in the RSFSR.

On June 12, 1920, Ali Heydar Karaev, who had previously been People's Commissar for Labor and Justice, was appointed acting People's Commissar for Naval Affairs. On June 21, he was confirmed in this position and held it until February 1, 1923.

Chingiz Ildrym, who until that time was the People's Commissar for the Sea of Defense, later became the head of the Auto-transport of the AzSSR.

Behbud Shakhtakhtinsky became People's Commissar of Justice.

At a meeting of the Azrevkom on November 10, 1920, chaired by N. Narimanov, a decision was made to reorganize the People's Commissariat of Labor and separate the People's Commissariat of Social Security from the People's Commissariat of Labor. M. N. Kadyrli (Israfilbekov) was approved by the People's Commissar for Social Security.

On November 27, 1920, the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade (People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade) of the Azerbaijan SSR was formed by transformation and merger - People's Commissar Teymur Aliyev.

On May 6, 1921, the First All-Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets began its work, which on May 19 unanimously adopted the Constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR.
According to the adopted Constitution, the Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets was the highest authority of the Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic. Between the Congresses, the highest authority in the Republic is the Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee (AzCEC):
The AzCEC is the highest legislative, administrative and controlling body of the AzSSR. The AzCEC gives a general direction to the activities of the Workers' and Peasants' Government and all organs of Soviet power in the country, unites and coordinates the work on legislation and administration, and oversees the implementation of the Soviet Constitution and the resolutions of the Azerbaijan Congresses of Soviets and the Central organs of Soviet power.
The AzCEC forms the Council of People's Commissars for the general management of the affairs of the AzSSR and Departments (People's Commissariats) for the management of individual branches of government.

The Council of People's Commissars owns the general administration of the affairs of the AzSSR.
AzCEC has the right to cancel or suspend any resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars. Members of the Council of People's Commissars are at the head of individual People's Commissariats.
17 People's Commissariats are formed, namely:
1. For Foreign Affairs,
2. For Military and Naval Affairs,
3. For Internal Affairs,
4. Justice,
5. Labor,
6. Social Security,
7. Enlightenment,
8. Post and Telegraph,
9. Finance,
10. Ways of Communication,
11. Agriculture,
12. foreign trade,
13. Food,
14. Council of the National Economy,
15. Health care,
16. Workers' and Peasants' Inspection,
17. Neftekom.
The Council of People's Commissars is fully responsible to the Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets and the AzCEC.

On May 21, 1921, at the 1st session of the Plenum of the Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Red Army and Sailors' Deputies, the following presidium of the AzCEC was elected from 9 members and 3 candidates: Hajiyev Mukhtar (chairman), Agamali oglu (deputy chairman), Huseynov Teymur ( secretary) and members: Narimanov Nariman, Karaev Ali Heydar, Kasumov Mir Bashir, Shahbazov Tagi, Pleshakov Mikhail Grigorievich and Konushkin.
Candidates were elected: Andreev, Sumbat Fatalizade and Mamedyarov M.

Then the AzCEC approved the Council of People's Commissars. The following were elected to the Council of People's Commissars of the Azerbaijan SSR:

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars comrade. Nariman Narimanov,
People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs and Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council Huseynov M. D.,
People's Commissar of the Military - Karaev Ali Heydar,
People's Commissar of Internal Affairs - Hamid Sultanov,
Narkomzem - Efendiev Soltan Majid,
People's Commissariat for Education - Buniat-zade Dadash (Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars),
People's Commissariat for Social Security - Kadyrli Movsum,
People's Commissariat of Health - Kazimov Agha Hussein,
Narkomrakrestin (Workers-Peasants Inspectorate) - Shakhtakhtinsky Behbud,
People's Commissariat of Justice - Chvanov,
Commissar of Labor - Mirzoyan L.,
Chairman of the Council of National Economy - Talybly Boyuk Aga M.,
People's Commissar - Vezirov Jamil,
Narkomfin - Tagiev N. Kh.
the chairman of Neftekom is Serebrovsky, the chairman of the AzChK is Bagirov Mir Jafar.

On November 28, 1921, M. N. Kadyrli was appointed People's Commissar of Health of the Azerbaijan SSR and held this post until January 21, 1935. Agha Huseyn Kazimov became Deputy People's Commissar of Health.

Left to right, top to bottom:
military commissar of the AzSSR Vezirov Heydar Sadyk oglu, deputy chairman. WES of the Azerbaijan SSR Gadzhi Kasumov Y., People's Commissariat of Education Kuliyev Mustafa, People's Commissariat of Agriculture Buniat-zade Dadash, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Azerbaijan SSR Musabekov Gazanfar, People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Bagirov Mir Jafar - no photo, Commissioner of the Zaknarkomfin Aliev Teymur, People's Commissar of Labor Krylov Vasily, Pre-Baksovet Ivan Konushkin, Head of Oil Serebrovsky Alexander Pavlovich, People's Commissar of Health Kadirli Movsum, People's Commissar of the RCT and KK KPA Efendiev Soltan Mejid, People's Commissariat for Justice Talybly Boyuk Agha, People's Commissariat of Security Mamed "Yarov Mamed Mamedkuli oglu, Commissioner of the Zaknarkomvnutorg Bukreev Afanasy Nikolaevich

Literature.
1. Ismailov Eldar. Essays on the history of Azerbaijan. -M. 2010
2. Iskenderov M.S. From the history of the struggle of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan for the victory of Soviet power. -Baku. 1958
3. History of Azerbaijan. Volume 3, part 1. Pod. ed. ak. I.A. Huseynova, M.A. Dadashzade, A.S. Sumbatzade and others - Baku. 1963
4. Katibli M. Chingiz Ildrym. -Baku. 1964
5. Nariman Narimanov. Selected works. Volume 2. 1918-1921. -Baku. 1989
6. Azerbaijan Council of National Economy. Activity report for 1920 - Baku.
7. Constitution of the Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic. - Baku. 1921