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(August 26, old style) 1870 in the city of Narovchat, Penza province, in the family of a petty official. The father died when the son was in his second year.

In 1874, his mother, who came from an ancient family of Tatar princes Kulanchakov, moved to Moscow. From the age of five, due to the difficult financial situation, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumovsky orphanage, famous for its harsh discipline.

In 1888, Alexander Kuprin graduated from the cadet corps, in 1890 - the Alexander Military School with the rank of second lieutenant.

After graduating from college, he was enrolled in the 46th Dnieper Infantry Regiment and sent to serve in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky, Ukraine).

In 1893, Kuprin went to St. Petersburg to enter the Academy of the General Staff, but was not allowed to take exams due to a scandal in Kyiv, when he threw a tipsy bailiff overboard, insulting a waitress, in a barge restaurant on the Dnieper.

In 1894 Kuprin left military service. He traveled a lot in the south of Russia and Ukraine, tried himself in various fields of activity: he was a loader, a storekeeper, a forest ranger, a land surveyor, a psalm reader, a proofreader, an estate manager and even a dentist.

The first story of the writer "The Last Debut" was published in 1889 in the Moscow "Russian satirical sheet".

Army life is described by him in the stories of 1890-1900 "From the Distant Past" ("Inquiry"), "Lilac Bush", "Accommodation", "Night Shift", "Army Ensign", "Campaign".

Kuprin's early essays were published in Kyiv in the collections Kyiv Types (1896) and Miniatures (1897). In 1896, the story "Moloch" was published, which brought wide fame to the young author. This was followed by The Night Shift (1899) and a number of other stories.

During these years, Kuprin met the writers Ivan Bunin, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky.

In 1901 Kuprin settled in St. Petersburg. For some time he was in charge of the fiction department of the Journal for All, then he became an employee of the World of God magazine and the Knowledge publishing house, which published the first two volumes of Kuprin's works (1903, 1906).

Alexander Kuprin entered the history of Russian literature as the author of the stories and novels "Olesya" (1898), "Duel" (1905), "Pit" (part 1 - 1909, part 2 - 1914-1915).

He is also known as a major storyteller. Among his works in this genre are "In the Circus", "Swamp" (both 1902), "Coward", "Horse Thieves" (both 1903), "Peaceful Life", "Measles" (both 1904), "Staff Captain Rybnikov "(1906), "Gambrinus", "Emerald" (both 1907), "Shulamith" (1908), "Garnet Bracelet" (1911), "Listrigons" (1907-1911), "Black Lightning" and "Anathema" ( both 1913).

In 1912, Kuprin made a trip to France and Italy, the impressions of which were reflected in the cycle of travel essays "Cote d'Azur".

During this period, he actively mastered new, previously unknown activities - he went up in a balloon, flew an airplane (almost ended tragically), went down under water in a diving suit.

In 1917, Kuprin worked as the editor of the Svobodnaya Rossiya newspaper, published by the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party. From 1918 to 1919, the writer worked at the World Literature publishing house, created by Maxim Gorky.

After coming to Gatchina (St. Petersburg), where he lived since 1911, the White troops, he edited the newspaper "Prinevsky Territory", published by Yudenich's headquarters.

In the autumn of 1919 he emigrated with his family abroad, where he spent 17 years, mainly in Paris.

During his emigre years, Kuprin published several collections of prose "The Dome of St. Isaac of Dolmatsky", "Elan", "Wheel of Time", the novels "Janeta", "Junker".

Living in exile, the writer was in poverty, suffering from both lack of demand and isolation from his native soil.

In May 1937, Kuprin returned with his wife to Russia. By this time he was already seriously ill. Soviet newspapers published interviews with the writer and his journalistic essay "Moscow dear".

On August 25, 1938, he died in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) from cancer of the esophagus. He was buried at the Literary bridges of the Volkov cemetery.

Alexander Kuprin was married twice. In 1901, his first wife was Maria Davydova (Kuprina-Iordanskaya), the adopted daughter of the publisher of the magazine "World of God". Subsequently, she married the editor of the magazine "Modern World" (who replaced the "World of God"), publicist Nikolai Iordansky and worked in journalism herself. In 1960, her book of memoirs about Kuprin "The Years of Youth" was published.

Ivan Bunin was one of the greatest writers in Russian literature.

The childhood of the writer, who was born in Voronezh, in 1870, passed on the Butyrki farm, near Yelets. Due to a complete inability to do arithmetic and general ill health, Ivan could not study at the gymnasium and after spending 2 years in the 3rd grade, he receives a home education. His teacher was an ordinary student of Moscow University.

From the end of the 1880s, he began to publish his provincial poems. The very first story sent to the journal Russkoye Bogatstvo made admiration for the publisher Mikhailovsky, the author of one of the classic articles about Leo Tolstoy. Bunin is again studying at the gymnasium, but in 1886 he was expelled because he did not have time. For the next 4 years, he lives on his estate, where he is taught by his older brother. In 1889, fate throws him to Kharkov, where he has a rapprochement with the populists. In 1891, his first work, Poems 1887-1891, was published. And at the same time, I begin to publish his works, which have gained immense popularity. In 1900, the story "Antonov apples" appeared, which depicts Russian estates with their own way of life. This work has become a masterpiece of modern prose. Literally 3 years later, Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Having been unsuccessfully married 2 times, the writer meets Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva in St. Petersburg, who was his wife until his last breath. The honeymoon trip, which took place in the eastern countries, was the result of the release of a cycle of essays “The Shadow of a Bird”. When Bunin became a well-known and wealthy gentleman in literary circles, he began to travel constantly and spent almost all the cold season traveling around Turkey, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, and Syria.

1909 was a special year for Ivan Alekseevich. He was elected an honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A year later, his first serious work, The Village, was born, where the writer spoke tragically about catastrophic modernity. Hardly survived the October Revolution, the Bunins go to Odessa, and then emigrate to Constantinople. At first, the life of the writer did not develop in the best way. He was gradually running out of money. In 1921, the work “The Gentleman from San Francisco” was published, where Bunin shows the meaninglessness of material human existence. But there were also bright days in his life.

Literary fame in Europe increased, and when once again the question arose of which of the Russian writers would be the first to enter the ranks of Nobel laureates, his name surfaced by itself. On November 9, 1933, Bunin received this award. The financial problem is gone. Reissues followed. Before the war, the writer lived quietly, but in 1936 he was arrested in Germany and soon released. In 1943, his famous "Dark Alleys" came out. Ivan Alekseevich in the last years of his life worked on the book "Memoirs". The writer never finished this work. Bunin died on November 8, 1953 in Paris.

Very briefly

On September 7, 1870, the remarkable writer Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich was born. Immediately after birth, he was left without a father who died of a terrible disease. After 4 years, my mother is forced to move to Moscow. Despite strong love, she sends him to an orphanage school, due to the difficult financial situation.

Later, Kuprin is accepted into a military gymnasium, and he remains to live in Moscow. His talent for writing began to unfold during his school years, and he released his first work in 1889, entitled "The Last Debut", but not everyone approved of it and he receives a reprimand.

In In 1890-1894. he goes to serve near Podolsk. Having finished, he begins to move from city to city and stops at Sevastopol. He did not have a job, so very often there was nothing to eat, despite his service and rank. Despite this, Kuprin at that time was formed as a writer, thanks to good relations with I. A. Bunin, A. P. Chekhov and M. Gorky. And he writes several stories that are in great demand and he is awarded the Pushkin Prize.

When the war began, he did not hesitate to volunteer. In 1915 he was forced to leave due to poor health. But even here he managed to do a useful thing by organizing a hospital at home. After he supported the revolution in 1917 and collaborated with the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. But for unknown reasons, he decides to leave for France and continues his activities there. Then he returns to the USSR, where he was not welcomed so well. On August 25, 1938 he dies in Leningrad.

For kids

Biography of Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich

Alexander Kuprin, one of the most famous writers in Russia, was born in a family far from literature, from the capital. His father, a petty official, died when his son was barely a year old. Together with his mother, the family moved to Moscow, where the future prose writer spent his childhood and youth.

Petersburg Slava Kuprin

In St. Petersburg, Alexander Kuprin was too late for this city to fall at his feet at once. The writer was a little over 30. Behind him was not a very successful military career, which ended in the rank of lieutenant, and seven years of ordeal in Kyiv. There Kuprin, who did not have any civilian specialty, tried many professions and settled on literature.

Kuprin practically did not write major works in terms of the number of pages. But he always managed to depict the whole world in a story from a couple of book sheets. The writer's plots are original and dramaturgically tightly tailored: no superfluous words or characters. The reading public immediately noticed the accuracy in everything: in descriptions, epithets, meaning. And Petersburg instantly accepted Kuprin.

At the beginning of the 20th century, he was called everywhere, just to recite his stories. And the enthusiastic audience flooded the stage with flowers, where Alexander Ivanovich read his stories. Kuprin became a literary star. His St. Petersburg seems simple and ordinary, but in Kuprin's stories the city is just a scene. The people who live and work in the northern capital come to the fore.

The main hit of St. Petersburg literary salons at the beginning of the 20th century was the spy story “Staff Captain Rybnikov”. Kuprin read this work for an encore everywhere: in salons, restaurants, student audiences. Actual themes and impeccable dramatic plot riveted the attention of the public. Kuprin was especially pleased. It was at this time that the writer, who lived in St. Petersburg for about a week, became a candidate for deputies of the first State Duma of the Russian Empire.

Relations with Kuprin's authorities

Kuprin loved his homeland. But the World War that began in 1914 changed him. Now patriotism has become the meaning of his whole life. In the newspapers, the writer campaigned for war loans. And at home, in the Gatchina house, he opened a small military hospital. Kuprin was even called up for war, but he was already weak in health then. Soon he was commissioned.

Returning from the front, Kuprin again began to write a lot. There is more of Petersburg in his stories. Bolsheviks Alexander Kuprin did not accept. They, with their animal desire for power and bestial cruelty, were disgusting to him. According to his views, Kuprin was close to the Socialist-Revolutionaries: not to those who were part of military organizations, but to peaceful socialist revolutionaries.

Kuprin worked as a journalist in Gatchina, but often visited Petrograd. He came to Lenin's reception with a proposal to publish a special newspaper for the village called "Earth". However, the problems of the village interested the Bolsheviks only in words. The newspaper was not established, and Kuprin was imprisoned for 3 days. Having released, they were included in the list of hostages, that is, on any day they could put a bullet in the forehead. Kuprin did not wait and went to the whites.

Kuprin's emigration

There he did not fight, but was engaged in journalism. But he never stopped writing stories. He settled his characters in Petrograd, which was close to him. Kuprin did not accept the new government at all, he called it the Soviet of Deputies, and in the end he was forced to emigrate.

Soviet propaganda destroyed the emigrant Kuprin. Political literary critics close to the Kremlin wrote that abroad, the once talented Russian writer went downhill: all he does is drink heavily and write nothing. It wasn't true. Kuprin wrote just as much, but the Petersburg scenery in his stories became less and less.

After 15 years, he wrote a petition to be allowed to return to the USSR. Stalin gave such consent, and Kuprin returned to those places from which he fled during the civil war. In 1937, suffering from cancer, Kuprin returned to his homeland to die. He died a year later, and the authorities of the country of the Soviets began posthumously to make the writer their own.

It wasn't easy. Petersburg Kuprin with his people did not overlap like a transparent tracing paper on the appearance of the city of three revolutions with the name of Lenin. These were two different cities. Whether he recognized Soviet power is definitely difficult to say. But Kuprin could not live without Russia.

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