Definition of the country by coordinates. Using a geographic map to determine longitude and latitude
We suggest using a similar service from Google - + location of interesting places in the world on the Google Maps scheme
Calculation of the distance between two points by coordinates:
Online calculator - calculation of the distance between two cities, points. Their exact location in the world can be found at the link above.
Countries in alphabetical order:
Finding latitude and longitude on a map?
On the page, a quick determination of coordinates on the map - we find out the latitude and longitude of the city. Online search for streets and houses by address, using GPS, to determine the coordinates on the Yandex map, how to find the location is described in more detail below.
Determining the geographical coordinates of any city in the world (find out the latitude and longitude) using the online map from the Yandex service is actually a very simple process. You have two convenient options, let's take a closer look at each of them.
Fill out the form: Rostov-on-Don Pushkinskaya 10 (with the help of and if you have a house number, the search will be more accurate). In the upper right corner there is a form for determining the coordinates, which contains 3 exact parameters - the coordinates of the mark, the center of the map and the zoom scale.
After activating the "Find" search, each field will contain the necessary data - longitude and latitude. We look at the "Center of the map" field.
Second option: In this case, even easier. An interactive world map with coordinates contains a marker. By default, it stands in the center of the city of Moscow. It is necessary to drag the label and put it on the desired city, for example, we determine the coordinates on . The latitude and longitude will automatically match the search object. We look at the field "Label coordinates".
When searching for the city or country you need, use the navigation and zoom tools. By zooming in and out +/- , as well as moving the interactive map itself, it is easy to find any country, search for a region on the world map. Thus, you can find the geographical center of Ukraine or Russia. In the country of Ukraine, this is the village of Dobrovelichkovka, which is located on the Dobraya River, Kirovohrad Region.
Copy geographical coordinates of the center of Ukraine Dobrovelichkovka - Ctrl+C
48.3848,31.1769 48.3848 north latitude and 31.1769 east longitude
Longitude +37° 17′ 6.97″ E (37.1769)
Latitude +48° 38′ 4.89″ N (48.3848)
At the entrance to the urban-type settlement there is a sign informing about this interesting fact. Considering its territory is likely to be uninteresting. There are far more interesting places in the world.
How to find a place on the map by coordinates?
Consider the reverse process, for example. Why do you need to determine the latitude and longitude on the map? Suppose you need to determine the exact location of the car on the map using the coordinates of the GPS navigator. Or a close friend will call on the weekend and give you the coordinates of his location, inviting you to join the hunt or fish.
Knowing the exact geographical coordinates, you will need a map with latitude and longitude. It is enough to enter your data into the search form from the Yandex service in order to successfully determine the location by coordinates. Example, we enter the latitude and longitude of Moskovskaya street 66 in the city of Saratov - 51.5339,46.0368. The service will quickly determine and show the location of this house in the city as a marker.
In addition to the above, you can easily determine the coordinates on the map of any metro station in the city. After the name of the city, write the name of the station. And we observe where the label and its coordinates with latitude and longitude will be located. To determine the length of the route, it is necessary to use the "Ruler" tool (measurement of distances on the map). We put a mark at the beginning of the route and then at the end point. The service will automatically determine the distance in meters and show the track itself on the map.
It is possible to more accurately examine a place on the map thanks to the “Satellite” scheme (upper corner on the right). See what it looks like. You can do all of the above with it.
World map with longitude and latitude
Imagine you are in an unfamiliar area, and there are no objects or landmarks nearby. And there is no one to ask! How could you explain your exact location so that you can be found quickly?
Thanks to concepts such as latitude and longitude, you can be discovered and found. Latitude shows the location of an object in relation to the South and North Poles. The equator is considered to be zero latitude. The South Pole is located at 90 degrees. south latitude, and North at 90 degrees north latitude.
These data are not enough. It is also necessary to know the situation with respect to East and West. This is where the longitude coordinate comes in handy.
Thank you for the provided data service Yandex. Cards
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Lesson questions:
1. Coordinate systems used in topography: geographical, flat rectangular, polar and bipolar coordinates, their essence and use.
Coordinates called angular and linear quantities (numbers) that determine the position of a point on a surface or in space.
In topography, such coordinate systems are used that allow the most simple and unambiguous determination of the position of points on the earth's surface, both from the results of direct measurements on the ground and using maps. These systems include geographic, flat rectangular, polar and bipolar coordinates.
Geographical coordinates(Fig.1) - angular values: latitude (j) and longitude (L), which determine the position of the object on the earth's surface relative to the origin of coordinates - the point of intersection of the initial (Greenwich) meridian with the equator. On the map, the geographic grid is indicated by a scale on all sides of the map frame. The western and eastern sides of the frame are meridians, while the northern and southern sides are parallels. In the corners of the map sheet, the geographical coordinates of the points of intersection of the sides of the frame are signed.
Rice. 1. The system of geographical coordinates on the earth's surface |
In the geographic coordinate system, the position of any point on the earth's surface relative to the origin of coordinates is determined in angular measure. For the beginning, in our country and in most other states, the point of intersection of the initial (Greenwich) meridian with the equator is accepted. Being, therefore, the same for our entire planet, the system of geographical coordinates is convenient for solving problems of determining the relative position of objects located at considerable distances from each other. Therefore, in military affairs, this system is used mainly for conducting calculations related to the use of long-range combat weapons, such as ballistic missiles, aviation, etc.
Planar rectangular coordinates(Fig. 2) - linear quantities that determine the position of the object on the plane relative to the accepted origin of coordinates - the intersection of two mutually perpendicular lines (coordinate axes X and Y).
In topography, each 6-degree zone has its own system of rectangular coordinates. The X-axis is the axial meridian of the zone, the Y-axis is the equator, and the point of intersection of the axial meridian with the equator is the origin of coordinates.
The system of flat rectangular coordinates is zonal; it is set for each six-degree zone into which the Earth's surface is divided when depicted on maps in the Gaussian projection, and is intended to indicate the position of images of points on the earth's surface on a plane (map) in this projection.
The origin of coordinates in the zone is the point of intersection of the axial meridian with the equator, relative to which the position of all other points of the zone is determined in a linear measure. The origin of the zone coordinates and its coordinate axes occupy a strictly defined position on the earth's surface. Therefore, the system of flat rectangular coordinates of each zone is connected both with the coordinate systems of all other zones, and with the system of geographical coordinates.
The use of linear quantities to determine the position of points makes the system of flat rectangular coordinates very convenient for making calculations both when working on the ground and on the map. Therefore, this system finds the widest application in the troops. Rectangular coordinates indicate the position of terrain points, their battle formations and targets, with their help they determine the relative position of objects within one coordinate zone or in adjacent sections of two zones.
Polar and bipolar coordinate systems are local systems. In military practice, they are used to determine the position of some points relative to others in relatively small areas of the terrain, for example, in target designation, marking landmarks and targets, drawing up terrain maps, etc. These systems can be associated with systems of rectangular and geographical coordinates.
2. Determination of geographical coordinates and mapping of objects by known coordinates.
The geographical coordinates of a point located on the map are determined from the parallels and meridians closest to it, the latitude and longitude of which are known.
The frame of the topographic map is divided into minutes, which are separated by dots into divisions of 10 seconds each. Latitudes are indicated on the sides of the frame, and longitudes are indicated on the northern and southern sides.
Using the minute frame of the map, you can:
1
. Determine the geographic coordinates of any point on the map.
For example, the coordinates of point A (Fig. 3). To do this, use a measuring compass to measure the shortest distance from point A to the southern frame of the map, then attach the meter to the western frame and determine the number of minutes and seconds in the measured segment, add the obtained (measured) value of minutes and seconds (0 "27") with the latitude of the southwestern corner of the frame - 54 ° 30 ".
Latitude points on the map will be equal to: 54°30"+0"27" = 54°30"27".
Longitude defined in a similar way.
Using a measuring compass, measure the shortest distance from point A to the western frame of the map, apply the measuring compass to the southern frame, determine the number of minutes and seconds in the measured segment (2 "35"), add the obtained (measured) value to the longitude of the southwestern corner frames - 45°00".
Longitude points on the map will be equal to: 45°00"+2"35" = 45°02"35"
2. Put any point on the map according to the given geographical coordinates.
For example, point B latitude: 54°31 "08", longitude 45°01 "41".
To map a point in longitude, it is necessary to draw a true meridian through a given point, for which connect the same number of minutes along the northern and southern frames; to plot a point in latitude on a map, it is necessary to draw a parallel through this point, for which connect the same number of minutes along the western and eastern frames. The intersection of two lines will determine the location of point B.
3. Rectangular coordinate grid on topographic maps and its digitization. Additional grid at the junction of coordinate zones.
The coordinate grid on the map is a grid of squares formed by lines parallel to the coordinate axes of the zone. The grid lines are drawn through an integer number of kilometers. Therefore, the coordinate grid is also called the kilometer grid, and its lines are kilometer.
On the 1:25000 map, the lines forming the coordinate grid are drawn through 4 cm, that is, through 1 km on the ground, and on maps 1:50000-1:200000 through 2 cm (1.2 and 4 km on the ground, respectively). On the 1:500000 map, only the exits of the coordinate grid lines are plotted on the inner frame of each sheet after 2 cm (10 km on the ground). If necessary, coordinate lines can be drawn on the map along these exits.
On topographic maps, the values of the abscissas and ordinates of the coordinate lines (Fig. 2) are signed at the exits of the lines behind the inner frame of the sheet and nine places on each sheet of the map. The full values of abscissas and ordinates in kilometers are signed near the coordinate lines closest to the corners of the map frame and near the intersection of the coordinate lines closest to the northwestern corner. The rest of the coordinate lines are signed in abbreviated form with two digits (tens and units of kilometers). Signatures near the horizontal lines of the coordinate grid correspond to distances from the y-axis in kilometers.
Signatures near the vertical lines indicate the zone number (one or two first digits) and the distance in kilometers (always three digits) from the origin of coordinates, conditionally moved to the west of the zone's central meridian by 500 km. For example, the signature 6740 means: 6 - zone number, 740 - distance from the conditional origin in kilometers.
The outputs of the coordinate lines are given on the outer frame ( additional grid) coordinate systems of the adjacent zone.
4. Determination of rectangular coordinates of points. Drawing points on the map by their coordinates.
On the coordinate grid using a compass (ruler) you can:
1.
Determine the rectangular coordinates of a point on the map.
For example, points B (Fig. 2).
For this you need:
- write X - digitization of the lower kilometer line of the square in which point B is located, i.e. 6657 km;
- measure along the perpendicular the distance from the lower kilometer line of the square to point B and, using the linear scale of the map, determine the value of this segment in meters;
- add the measured value of 575 m with the digitization value of the lower kilometer line of the square: X=6657000+575=6657575 m.
The Y ordinate is determined in the same way:
- write down the Y value - the digitization of the left vertical line of the square, i.e. 7363;
- measure the perpendicular distance from this line to point B, i.e. 335 m;
- add the measured distance to the Y digitization value of the left vertical line of the square: Y=7363000+335=7363335 m.
2.
Place a target on the map at the given coordinates.
For example, point G by coordinates: X=6658725 Y=7362360.
For this you need:
- find the square in which the point G is located by the value of whole kilometers, i.e. 5862;
- set aside from the lower left corner of the square a segment on the scale of the map, equal to the difference between the abscissa of the target and the lower side of the square - 725 m;
- - from the received point along the perpendicular to the right, set aside a segment equal to the difference between the ordinates of the target and the left side of the square, i.e. 360 m
The accuracy of determining geographical coordinates on maps 1:25000-1:200000 is about 2 and 10 "" respectively.
The accuracy of determining the rectangular coordinates of points on a map is limited not only by its scale, but also by the magnitude of the errors allowed when shooting or compiling a map and plotting various points and terrain objects on it
Geodetic points and are plotted most accurately (with an error not exceeding 0.2 mm) on the map. objects that stand out most sharply on the ground and are visible from afar, having the value of landmarks (individual bell towers, factory chimneys, tower-type buildings). Therefore, the coordinates of such points can be determined approximately with the same accuracy with which they are plotted on the map, i.e. for a map at a scale of 1:25000 - with an accuracy of 5-7 m, for a map at a scale of 1:50000 - with an accuracy of 10-15 m, for a map at a scale of 1:100000 - with an accuracy of 20-30 m.
The remaining landmarks and contour points are plotted on the map, and, therefore, are determined from it with an error of up to 0.5 mm, and points related to contours that are not clearly expressed on the ground (for example, the contour of a swamp), with an error of up to 1 mm.
6. Determining the position of objects (points) in systems of polar and bipolar coordinates, mapping objects in direction and distance, in two angles or in two distances.
System flat polar coordinates(Fig. 3, a) consists of a point O - the origin, or poles, and the initial direction of the OR, called polar axis.
System flat bipolar (two-pole) coordinates(Fig. 3, b) consists of two poles A and B and a common axis AB, called the basis or base of the serif. The position of any point M relative to the two data on the map (terrain) points A and B is determined by the coordinates that are measured on the map or on the terrain.
These coordinates can be either two position angles that determine directions from points A and B to the desired point M, or distances D1=AM and D2=BM to it. The position angles, as shown in Fig. 1, b, are measured at points A and B or from the direction of the basis (i.e., angle A=BAM and angle B=ABM) or from any other directions passing through points A and B and taken as initial ones. For example, in the second case, the location of the point M is determined by the position angles θ1 and θ2, measured from the direction of the magnetic meridians.
Drawing the detected object on the map
This is one of the most important moments in object detection. The accuracy of determining its coordinates depends on how accurately the object (target) will be mapped.
Having found an object (target), you must first determine exactly what is detected by various signs. Then, without stopping the observation of the object and without revealing yourself, put the object on the map. There are several ways to plot an object on a map.
visually: Places a feature on the map when it is close to a known landmark.
By direction and distance: to do this, you need to orient the map, find your point of standing on it, sight the direction to the detected object on the map and draw a line to the object from the point of your standing, then determine the distance to the object by measuring this distance on the map and commensurate it with the scale of the map.
 Rice. 4. Drawing a target on the map with a straight notch |
If in this way it is graphically impossible to solve the problem (the enemy interferes, poor visibility, etc.), then you need to accurately measure the azimuth to the object, then translate it into a directional angle and draw a direction on the map from the standing point, on which to plot the distance to the object. |
7. Ways of target designation on the map: in graphical coordinates, flat rectangular coordinates (full and abbreviated), by squares of a kilometer grid (up to a whole square, up to 1/4, up to 1/9 of a square), from a landmark, from a conditional line, by azimuth and range of the target, in the bipolar coordinate system.
The ability to quickly and correctly indicate targets, landmarks and other objects on the ground is important for controlling subunits and fire in combat or for organizing combat.
Target designation in geographic coordinates It is used very rarely and only in those cases when the targets are removed from a given point on the map at a considerable distance, expressed in tens or hundreds of kilometers. In this case, geographical coordinates are determined from the map, as described in question No. 2 of this lesson.
The location of the target (object) is indicated by latitude and longitude, for example, height 245.2 (40 ° 8 "40" N, 65 ° 31 "00" E). On the eastern (western), northern (southern) sides of the topographic frame, mark the position of the target in latitude and longitude with a prick of a compass. From these marks, perpendiculars are lowered into the depth of the sheet of the topographic map until they intersect (commander's rulers, standard sheets of paper are applied). The point of intersection of the perpendiculars is the position of the target on the map.
For approximate target designation rectangular coordinates it is enough to indicate on the map the square of the grid in which the object is located. The square is always indicated by the numbers of kilometer lines, the intersection of which forms the southwestern (lower left) corner. When indicating the square, the cards follow the rule: first they name two numbers signed at the horizontal line (at the western side), that is, the “X” coordinate, and then two numbers at the vertical line (south side of the sheet), that is, the “Y” coordinate. In this case, "X" and "Y" are not spoken. For example, enemy tanks are spotted. When transmitting a report by radiotelephone, the square number is pronounced: eighty-eight zero two.
If the position of a point (object) needs to be determined more accurately, then full or abbreviated coordinates are used.
Work with full coordinates. For example, it is required to determine the coordinates of a road sign in square 8803 on a map at a scale of 1:50000. First, determine what is the distance from the lower horizontal side of the square to the road sign (for example, 600 m on the ground). In the same way, measure the distance from the left vertical side of the square (for example, 500 m). Now, by digitizing kilometer lines, we determine the full coordinates of the object. The horizontal line has the signature 5988 (X), adding the distance from this line to the road sign, we get: X=5988600. Similarly, we determine the vertical line and get 2403500. The full coordinates of the road sign are as follows: X=5988600 m, Y=2403500 m.
Abbreviated coordinates respectively will be equal: X=88600 m, Y=03500 m.
If it is required to clarify the position of the target in a square, then target designation is used in alphabetical or digital way inside the square of the kilometer grid.
When targeting in a literal way inside the square of the kilometer grid, the square is conditionally divided into 4 parts, each part is assigned a capital letter of the Russian alphabet.
The second way - digital way target designation inside the kilometer grid square (target designation by snail
). This method got its name from the arrangement of conditional digital squares inside the square of the kilometer grid. They are arranged as if in a spiral, while the square is divided into 9 parts.
When targeting in these cases, they name the square in which the target is located, and add a letter or number that specifies the position of the target inside the square. For example, a height of 51.8 (5863-A) or a high-voltage support (5762-2) (see Fig. 2).
Target designation from a landmark is the simplest and most common method of target designation. With this method of target designation, the nearest landmark to the target is first called, then the angle between the direction to the landmark and the direction to the target in goniometer divisions (measured with binoculars) and the distance to the target in meters. For example: "Landmark two, forty to the right, further two hundred, at a separate bush - a machine gun."
target designation from the conditional line usually used in combat vehicles. With this method, two points are selected on the map in the direction of action and connected by a straight line, relative to which target designation will be carried out. This line is indicated by letters, divided into centimeter divisions and numbered starting from zero. Such a construction is done on the maps of both the transmitting and receiving target designation.
Target designation from a conditional line is usually used in combat vehicles. With this method, two points are selected on the map in the direction of action and connected by a straight line (Fig. 5), relative to which target designation will be carried out. This line is indicated by letters, divided into centimeter divisions and numbered starting from zero.
 Rice. 5. Target designation from a conditional line |
Such a construction is done on the maps of both the transmitting and receiving target designation. |
Target designation from a conditional line can be issued by indicating the direction to the target at an angle from the conditional line and the distance to the target, for example: "Direct AC, right 3-40, one thousand two hundred - machine gun."
target designation in azimuth and range to the target. The azimuth of the direction to the target is determined using a compass in degrees, and the distance to it is determined using an observation device or by eye in meters. For example: "Azimuth thirty-five, range six hundred - a tank in a trench."
This method is most often used in areas where there are few landmarks.
8. Problem solving.
Determining the coordinates of terrain points (objects) and target designation on the map is practiced practically on training maps using pre-prepared points (marked objects).
Each student determines geographic and rectangular coordinates (maps objects at known coordinates).
Target designation methods on the map are practiced: in flat rectangular coordinates (full and abbreviated), by squares of a kilometer grid (up to a whole square, up to 1/4, up to 1/9 of a square), from a landmark, in azimuth and range of the target.
Abstracts
Military topography
military ecology
Military Medical Training
Engineering training
fire training
Similar coordinates apply on other planets, as well as on the celestial sphere.
Latitude
Latitude- angle φ between the local direction of the zenith and the plane of the equator, measured from 0° to 90° on both sides of the equator. The geographical latitude of points lying in the northern hemisphere (northern latitude) is considered to be positive, the latitude of points in the southern hemisphere is negative. It is customary to speak of latitudes close to the poles as high, and about those close to the equator - as about low.
Due to the difference in the shape of the Earth from the ball, the geographic latitude of the points is somewhat different from their geocentric latitude, that is, from the angle between the direction to a given point from the center of the Earth and the equatorial plane.
The latitude of a place can be determined using astronomical instruments such as a sextant or gnomon (direct measurement), you can also use GPS or GLONASS systems (indirect measurement).
Related videos
Longitude
Longitude- dihedral angle λ between the plane of the meridian passing through the given point, and the plane of the initial zero meridian, from which the longitude is counted. Longitude from 0° to 180° east of the prime meridian is called east, to the west - west. Eastern longitudes are considered to be positive, western - negative.
Height
To fully determine the position of a point in three-dimensional space, a third coordinate is needed - height. The distance to the center of the planet is not used in geography: it is convenient only when describing very deep regions of the planet or, on the contrary, when calculating orbits in space.
Within the geographic envelope, it is usually used height above sea level, counted from the level of the "smoothed" surface - the geoid. Such a system of three coordinates turns out to be orthogonal, which simplifies a number of calculations. Altitude above sea level is also convenient in that it is related to atmospheric pressure.
Distance from the earth's surface (up or down) is often used to describe a place, but "not" serves as a coordinate.
Geographic coordinate system
ω E = − V N / R (\displaystyle \omega _(E)=-V_(N)/R) ω N = V E / R + U cos (φ) (\displaystyle \omega _(N)=V_(E)/R+U\cos(\varphi)) ω U p = V E R t g (φ) + U sin (φ) (\displaystyle \omega _(Up)=(\frac (V_(E))(R))tg(\varphi)+U\sin(\ varphi)) where R is the radius of the earth, U is the angular velocity of the earth's rotation, V N (\displaystyle V_(N)) is the speed of the vehicle to the north, V E (\displaystyle V_(E))- to the East, φ (\displaystyle \varphi )- latitude, λ (\displaystyle \lambda )- longitude.
The main shortcoming in the practical application of G.S.K. in navigation is the large values of the angular velocity of this system at high latitudes, which increase up to infinity at the pole. Therefore, instead of G. S. K., a semi-free SK in azimuth is used.
Semi-free in azimuth coordinate system
The semi-free in azimuth S.K. differs from the G.S.K. only by one equation, which has the form:
ω U p = U sin (φ) (\displaystyle \omega _(Up)=U\sin(\varphi))Accordingly, the system has the same initial position, carried out according to the formula
N = Y w cos (ε) + X w sin (ε) (\displaystyle N=Y_(w)\cos(\varepsilon)+X_(w)\sin(\varepsilon)) E = − Y w sin (ε) + X w cos (ε) (\displaystyle E=-Y_(w)\sin(\varepsilon)+X_(w)\cos(\varepsilon))In reality, all calculations are carried out in this system, and then, to issue output information, the coordinates are transformed into the GCS.
Recording formats for geographic coordinates
Any ellipsoid (or geoid) can be used to record geographic coordinates, but WGS 84 and Krasovsky (on the territory of the Russian Federation) are most often used.
Coordinates (latitude −90° to +90°, longitude −180° to +180°) can be written:
- in ° degrees as a decimal fraction (modern version)
- in ° degrees and ′ minutes with a decimal
- in ° degrees, ′ minutes and
Good day!
Almost every one of us has found ourselves in a situation where you wander into an unfamiliar part of the city and try to find the right address. Now, of course, technology has stepped forward and a regular smartphone allows you to navigate the terrain great...
However, far from everywhere and not everything is drawn on Google and Yandex maps. Not so long ago, I was in a new part of my city, and, as it turned out, some streets of this area are simply not shown on the map. How can you tell another person where you are and how to find you? 
Actually, this short note is devoted to coordinates and finding a specific point on the map using map services from Yandex and Google. So...
How to determine your coordinates and how to find an address by coordinates
I'll start with Google maps, the official site :
To accurately determine your coordinates - click on the "Location determination" button, usually a small window immediately pops up in the browser asking whether to allow access (select "Allow").
Important! By the way, in some cases different services can show you in "different places". Therefore, double-check your coordinates on 2 maps at once.
If the street is long, and there are no house numbers (or, in Google maps, houses in this territory are not indicated at all) - then left-click on the point next to the one determined by Google - a small tab should pop up below, in which your coordinates!
Coordinates represent out of two numbers. For example, on the screen below, these are: 54.989192 and 73.319559
Knowing these numbers, you can transfer your location to anyone (even if he does not use Google maps, which is very convenient).
To find the desired point in Google by coordinates, just open the maps and enter these two numbers in the search box (upper left): after 1-2 seconds. a red flag will light up on the maps, indicating the desired point.
Note:
- coordinates must be specified through a dot, not a comma (correct: 54.989192 73.319559; incorrect: 54.989192 and 73.319559);
- indicate the coordinates in the order in which their map gives you: i.e. first latitude, then longitude (if you violate the order, you will get the wrong point at all, perhaps even 1000 km further than the desired one ...);
- coordinates can be specified in degrees and minutes (example: 51°54" 73°31").
Yandex maps
By and large, with Yandex-maps, the principle of operation is similar. It is worth noting that if one service does not have an address determined, try using another one. Sometimes, if a street or district is not drawn in Google maps, then in Yandex, on the contrary, it is displayed quite fully, all streets are signed, and you can easily find out where to go and what to do.
Yandex Maps also has a special. a tool that allows you to find out your location online (on the right, click on the arrow in the white circle, see the screen below).
To determine the coordinates - just click on the necessary points on the map - a small window will pop up with addresses and two numbers - that's what they are.
You can insert both a specific address and coordinates into the search string (do not forget that they must be set correctly: do not confuse the sequence, specify through a dot, not a comma!).
Addition!
I have another article of a similar nature on my blog - about determining distances between cities, choosing the best road and estimating travel time. It will be useful to everyone who is going to go to another city, I recommend:
Additions are welcome...
It is possible to determine the location of a point on the planet Earth, as well as on any other spherical planet, using geographical coordinates - latitude and longitude. Right-angled intersections of circles and arcs create a corresponding grid, which makes it possible to uniquely determine the coordinates. A good example is an ordinary school globe lined with horizontal circles and vertical arcs. How to use the globe will be discussed below.
This system is measured in degrees (degree angle). The angle is calculated strictly from the center of the sphere to a point on the surface. Relative to the axis, the degree of the angle of latitude is calculated vertically, longitude - horizontally. To calculate the exact coordinates, there are special formulas, where one more value is often found - the height, which serves mainly to represent three-dimensional space and allows you to make calculations to determine the position of a point relative to sea level.
Latitude and longitude - terms and definitions
The earth's sphere is divided by an imaginary horizontal line into two equal parts of the world - the northern and southern hemispheres - into the positive and negative poles, respectively. This is how the definitions of northern and southern latitudes are introduced. Latitude is represented as circles parallel to the equator, called parallels. The equator itself with a value of 0 degrees is the starting point for measurements. The closer the parallel is to the upper or lower pole, the smaller its diameter and the higher or lower the angular degree. For example, the city of Moscow is located at 55 degrees north latitude, which determines the location of the capital as approximately equidistant from both the equator and the north pole.
Meridian - the so-called longitude, represented as a vertical arc strictly perpendicular to the circles of the parallel. The sphere is divided into 360 meridians. The starting point is the zero meridian (0 degrees), the arcs of which pass vertically through the points of the north and south poles and spread in east and west directions. This defines the angle of longitude from 0 to 180 degrees, calculated from the center to the extreme points to the east or south.
Unlike latitude, which is based on the equatorial line, any meridian can be zero. But for convenience, namely the convenience of counting time, the Greenwich meridian was determined.
Geographic coordinates - place and time
Latitude and longitude allow you to assign to a particular place on the planet an exact geographical address, measured in degrees. Degrees, in turn, are divided into smaller units, such as minutes and seconds. Each degree is divided into 60 parts (minutes), and each minute is divided into 60 seconds. On the example of Moscow, the record looks like this: 55° 45′ 7″ N, 37° 36′ 56″ E or 55 degrees, 45 minutes, 7 seconds north latitude and 37 degrees, 36 minutes, 56 seconds south longitude.
The interval between the meridians is 15 degrees and about 111 km along the equator - this is the distance the Earth rotates in one hour. It takes 24 hours for a full turn, which is a day.
Use the globe
The model of the Earth is accurately reproduced on a globe with a realistic rendering of all continents, seas and oceans. As auxiliary lines, parallels and meridians are drawn on the map of the globe. Almost any globe has in its design a sickle-shaped meridian, which is installed on the base and serves as an auxiliary measure.
The meridian arc is equipped with a special degree scale, which determines the latitude. Longitude can be found using another scale - a hoop, horizontally installed at the level of the equator. Marking the desired place with your finger and rotating the globe around its axis to the auxiliary arc, we fix the latitude value (depending on the location of the object, it will turn out to be either north or south). Then we mark the data of the equator scale at the place of its intersection with the meridian arc and determine the longitude. To find out whether it is east or south longitude, you can only relative to the zero meridian.
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Cassandra's Path, or Pasta Adventures War on Earth and Underground