Determine the case of online adjectives. Case endings for adjectives

An adjective denotes a feature of an object. This part of speech is dependent and answers the questions what? which? which? which? The adjective in the sentence has a connection with the noun, and the combination of the adjective and the noun itself, due to the variety of forms and combinations, provides an extraordinary richness and beauty to the Russian language. At school, students often need to determine the case of an adjective. In order to correctly figure out the case and not confuse adjectives of different cases, it is important to follow the algorithm and remember some nuances.

Determine cases of adjectives. A few recommendations. Features of adjectives in different cases
Before proceeding to consider the issue of declension of adjectives, it is important to note the features of the change in this part of speech. The case declension depends directly on the gender and number of the adjective. Remember the principle of changing the words of a given part of speech by number and gender, then you will be able to easily navigate in the endings of cases.

1. Adjectives are declined by gender only in the singular.
   • Masculine: endings -oy, -y, -y. For example: friend (what?) big, kind, sensitive.
     
   • Feminine: endings -aya, -aya. Jacket (what?) Red, blue.
     
   • Neuter gender: endings -oe, -ee. Mirror (what?) Round, blue.
     
   The gender of an adjective can be determined by the noun to which it refers in the text.
   
2. Adjectives are declined by numbers.
   • In the singular, they denote a sign of one object, a set of objects. For example: a good option, a large table, a friendly class, cheerful youth.
     
   • Plural adjectives refer to many things. They answer in the nominative case to the question what? and have endings -s, -s.
     

You can determine the number of an adjective by the noun to which the adjective refers.

Consider the features of the declension of adjectives in cases. Knowing the principles of declension of this part of speech will help you determine the case of an adjective.

Feminine adjectives in the singular are declined as follows:

• Nominative. Endings - th, - th. The fishing rod (what?) is long.
  
• Genitive. Endings - oh, oh. Fishing rods (what?) Long.
  
• Dative. Endings - oh yeah. Fishing rod (what?) Long.
  
• Accusative. Endings - th, -th. Fishing rod (what?) Long.
  
• Instrumental case. Endings - oh, oh. Fishing rod (what?) Long.
  
• Prepositional. Endings - oh, oh. About a fishing rod (what?) long.
  

Remember the declension order of this group of adjectives. Please note that the endings of adjectives in the genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional cases are the same. In such cases, you will need to determine the case by noun.

Adjectives of the middle and masculine gender in the singular are declined according to the following scheme:

case	masculine The ending		Example		Neuter gender The ending	Example
nominative	-oh, -oh, -oh		The table (what?) is large, wooden		-oh, -her	Sky (What?) blue, blue
genitive	-oh, -his		Table (what?) Large, wooden		-oh, -his	Heaven (what?) blue, blue
dative	-om, -him		Table (what?) Large, wooden		-om, -him	Heaven (what?) blue, blue
accusative			Animated noun-see genus. paj	Inanimate- see them. case	See them. case	Sky (What?) blue, blue
instrumental	-th, -im		A table (what?) Large, wooden		-th, -im	Heaven (what?) blue, blue
prepositional	-om, -em		About the table (what?) Large, wooden		-om, eat	About the sky (what?) blue, blue

You can determine the case of an adjective by the case of the noun it refers to. As you have noticed, it is easy to confuse the adjectives of the nominative, accusative, genitive case of this group of words by their endings. Determine the case of the adjective according to the noun.

In the plural, adjectives are declined as follows:

• Nominative case: -s, -s. Houses (what?) Big.
  
• Genitive case: -s, -ih. Houses (what?) Large.
  
• Dative case: -ym, -im. Houses (what?) Large.
  
• Accusative: Animate nouns are inflected in the genitive case, while inanimate nouns are inflected in the nominative. Houses (what?) Big.
  
• Instrumental case: -y, -imi. Houses (what?) Large.
  
• Prepositional case: -th, -them. About houses (what?) big.
  

Please note that the words of this group of adjectives have the same endings in the genitive and prepositional cases. Also, difficulties may arise in determining the nominative, genitive, accusative case. Then pay attention to the case of the noun, the role of the noun in the sentence.

How to determine the case of an adjective? Algorithm
How to determine the case of an adjective correctly? To always accurately indicate the case of a given part of speech, use an algorithm.

1. Remember the features of the declension of adjectives, their endings, questions of cases.
   
2. Write an adjective on a piece of paper.
   
3. Highlight the ending in the adjective and compare mentally with the table.
   
4. When in doubt, the case of your adjective cannot be determined by the ending, pay attention to the noun.
   
5. Ask a question to the noun, highlight the ending and determine its case. The adjective has the same case.
   
6. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between the nominative and the accusative. In this case, you must find out the role of the noun to which the adjective refers in the sentence.
   • noun in the nominative case - subject, main member of the sentence;
     
   • the noun in the accusative case is a minor part of the sentence.
     
   The adjective will have the same case.
   

Remember the signs of different cases, the features of the declension of this part of speech, use the algorithm. Then you will always correctly determine the case of the adjective.

In order to correctly decline adjectives, you need to know their case questions in both numbers.

Endings and adjectives are most conveniently checked by substituting a question which? in the correct form, since the endings of the question and the adjective are the same, for example: It was hard for him to go after wow(as wow?) days. The exception is the nominative singular masculine (and the accusative case similar to it), where the ending is written under stress -oh (detachable oh calendar, business oh Human), and without the accent - th or -th (desktop th calendar, sincere uy Human).

In adjectives on -th , -ya , -e (wolch uy, wolch ya, wolch ye ) in all cases, except for the nominative (and accusative) case of the masculine singular, the letter is written b , For example: wolch b I(flock) wolch b e(den), wolch b and(traces); wolch b him, wolf b hey wolf b them wolf b them etc. (but: wolch uy howl).

Nominative case endings

In the feminine, in the nominative singular, the ending is written -and I or -ya , and in the middle gender - th or -her (which? — in absentia and I average ya school; which? — interesting oh comprehensively her study).

In the plural of all three genders, the ending is written th or -s (which? — frosty s winter ie days, nights, mornings).

Accusative endings

In the feminine, in the accusative singular, the ending is written th or -yuyu (answers a question what?), For example: finish (what?) in absentia wow average yuyu school.

Instrumental endings

In the masculine and neuter gender, in the instrumental singular, the ending is written th or -them (answers a question what?), For example: enjoy (what?) warmth th autumn them afternoon, morning.

In the feminine singular, the ending is written -oh (-oy ) or -her (-her ) (answers the question which? what?), For example: patronize (what? what?) change oh average her school.

Prepositional endings

In the masculine and neuter gender, in the prepositional singular, the ending is written -ohm or -eat (answers a question what?), For example: write about (what?) heat ohm autumn eat afternoon, morning.

Declension of participles, ordinal numbers

Just like qualitative and relative adjectives, participles change (decline), some pronouns (every, every, most, this, etc.), ordinal numbers (first, second, fourth, etc., except for the third, declining like possessive adjective wolf). The spelling of the endings of all these words can be checked by substituting the question which one? in the right form, for example: He strove to read (what?) every scientific article that appeared on (what?) an issue of interest to him.

(1 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)
In order to rate a post, you must be a registered user of the site.

That you need to find objects (phenomena) that are characterized by the found adjectives. In this case, these are the words "dawn" and "city".

Determine the case found. Remember that the nominative case answers the questions "who?" ("What?"), - the questions "who?" ("What?"), the dative - the questions "to whom?" ("What?"), the accusative - to the questions "whom?" ("what?"), instrumental - to the questions "by whom?" ("what?"), prepositional - to the questions "about whom?" ("about what?"). So, "dawn", and the noun "city" of the instrumental case.

note

It is easy to confuse the nominative and accusative cases, since inanimate nouns in these cases answer the same question. In order to distinguish between them, one must remember that a noun in the nominative case is always the subject of a sentence, and a noun in the accusative case is a minor member of the sentence. For example, "The lazy cat had a sweet dream." Here the subject is the word "cat". Therefore, the phrase "lazy cat" is nominative, and the phrase "sweet dream" is accusative.

Sources:

• how to correctly determine the case of nouns

A noun is a part of speech that refers to a person or thing and answers the questions “who?” and what?". Nouns change according to cases, of which there are six in Russian. To prevent cases from being confused with each other, there is a strict system of rules and differences between them. In order to be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, you need to know its questions, and what it is used for.

Instruction

In order to never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions defined for it, asking which you will get the corresponding one. Questions of the accusative case are the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.

In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or rather, the cases when it is used. So, the accusative case denotes the transfer of temporal and spatial relationships (a week, a kilometer walk); the transition of the action completely to the subject (driving a car, leafing through a book). Very rarely accusative as a dependence on (offensive for a friend).

However, even by rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine the case, so always use special questions. In terms of questions, the accusative case partially coincides with the genitive and nominative. In order not to confuse them, do the following: if in front of you, and it answers the question “who?”, Which matches with, substitute instead of it and ask a question to it. If the word answers the question “I see what?”, Then you have an accusative case.

Remember also that there are some that look the same in all cases: metro, cinema, coat, cafe, etc. To determine their case, ask a question for the keyword. For example, in the sentence “Yesterday they bought me an expensive coat,” the word “coat” is in the accusative case, because the question “I see what?” you can answer "beautiful coat." In addition, replace the word "coat" here with a variable, for example, "decoration." Then belonging to the accusative case immediately becomes more obvious.

Related videos

Helpful advice

When determining the case of any noun, always apply all the rules and methods that you know, then it will be much easier for you to make sure that the word belongs to one or another case.

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are only six of them. The endings of words in different cases can be the same, so to determine the case, you must ask the correct question to the word being checked.

Instruction

To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase in which it is included. Find the word to which the noun you are checking belongs - it is from this the words you will ask a question. For example, you are given the phrase "I love dogs", and you need to determine the case of the noun "dogs". The word "dogs" in this sentence is subordinate to the word "love". Therefore, you will ask a case question as follows: “I love whom?”

Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, in the nominative case, they answer the question "who?" or "what?". The auxiliary word "is" can be substituted for this case. For example, there is (who?) . The question of the genitive case is “whom?” or "what?". The auxiliary word "no" can be substituted for the noun in this case. Dative to the question "to whom? / what?" and is combined with the auxiliary word "give". The question of the accusative case - "whom?" or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame”. Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question "by whom?" and are combined with the words "created" and "satisfied." Finally, the following questions: “about whom? / about what?”, “in whom? / in what?”. One of the auxiliary words of this case is the word "I think".

To determine the case, first you need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this main word, you will also recognize the case of the adjective, since they always agree in gender, number and case with those nouns () on which they depend. For example, “Kolya ate a big pear” The noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, so the case of the adjective “big” related to it is also accusative.

The nominative case is the initial dictionary form of nouns, opposed to all other forms of indirect cases: genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. The word in the nominative case is never used with a preposition and in a sentence usually performs the syntactic function of the subject or the nominal part of the compound predicate.

Instruction

For nominative case and the main ones are subjective and attributive meanings. In the first case, this form denotes the agent performing the action, or the object to which it is directed. Compare: "A mother loves her son." The word "mother" denotes the doer. "The son is loved by the mother." The word "son" denotes the subject to which the action is directed.

Determine the subjective meaning of the nominative form case and according to the syntactic role of the subject in a two-part sentence (“The son is a student, but at the same time he works”) or the subject in a one-part nominal (“Whisper, breath, trills of a nightingale ...”).

Determinative meaning of the nominative form case but in a compound nominal predicate or in the syntactic construction of the application. "New is a factory." The word "factory" is the nominal part of the predicate, which answers the question "new building?". "The female doctor invited me to the office." The word “doctor”, answering the question “who?” is an application that performs the syntactic function of a definition. Note that the nominative case, used in a definitive sense, gives a different name to an object by property, quality, sign, and the meanings are not characteristic of it.

Additional meanings of the nominative case and the noun are: - an estimated value expressed in the nominal part of the predicate ("He was a good-natured man"); - an expression of a temporary sign related to the past ("At that time her husband was still the bridegroom"); - the meaning of the informatively replenishing form used both with a proper name (“She was named Olya”), and a common noun (“He is listed as a watchman”). Most often nominative case used in this sense with geographical names ("Then Petrograd began to be called").

note

In addition to nouns, the category of case has declinable parts of speech: adjective, numeral, participle and pronoun. Determine the nominative case of adjectives and participles on the questions “what? which? which? what?”, given from the noun being defined, “how much?” - for cardinal numbers, “what is the number?” − for ordinals. Pronouns, depending on the category, can answer in the nominative case the questions “who? what?" (I, that), “what? whose?" (some, own), "how much?" (so many).

Target:

*

*

*

Download:

Preview:

A lesson in Russian in the 4th grade as part of a class-generalizing control.

Prepared by: Prishchepa Marina Pavlovna

Subject : Determining the case of adjectives

Target:

* to introduce students to the method of recognizing the case of an adjective;

* introduce the declension of adjectives in the singular;

* repeat the morphological features of the adjective name, its role and meaning.

Planned results:students will learn to recognize the case of singular adjectives; develop oral and written language.

Lesson type: discovery of new knowledge.

Resources: table "Declination of adjectives", computer, projector, screen, textbook, met. allowance, cards.

During the classes

1. Motivation.

Creating a good mood, preparing children for the lesson.

1. Knowledge update.

Dictation recording.

Two drops splashed into the glass

From lindens it pulls with fragrant honey,

And something came up to the garden, drumming on fresh leaves.

A. Fet.

Task: Find the nouns in the poem. Determine their case. Underline the adjectives with a wavy line.

1. Statement of the educational task.

How do you think you can determine the case of an adjective?

What are the objectives for today's lesson?

Tasks.

1. Recall the meaning and role of the adjective.
2. Let's repeat the morphological features of the adjective.
3. Learn to determine the case of an adjective.

Listen to an excerpt from the comedy "Undergrowth".

Mrs. Prostakova wants to show how smart her son Mitrofanushka is. Mitrofan says that he has learned grammar. When asked what he knows from grammar, he replies: “A lot. Noun and adjective.

Door, for example, what name: noun or adjective?

Door? Which door?

This one.

This? Adjective.

Why?

Because it is attached to its place. Over there, by the closet, the door has not been hung for six weeks: so that one is still a noun.

Guys, how do you answer the question, his that an adjective?

The adjective is an independent part of speech that answers the questions WHAT? WHICH? WHICH? WHAT WHOSE? And denotes the attribute of the subject.

What are adjectives for?

They give speech brightness, expressiveness, imagery. With their help, you can describe the shape, color, taste, size and other features of a noun.

Therefore, adjectives say about themselves like this:

With nouns sometimes

Not life, just boredom.

They have no color without us,

No smell, no taste.

But, if they are APPLIED to us

They will have more fun.

Let's remember how to find out the gender and number of adjectives?

The gender and number of adjectives is determined by the noun associated with this adjective in meaning.

1. Mutual verification.

Textbook work. Page ex. (In sentences, you need to write out phrases with adjectives and determine gender, number). Let us recall in which case the gender of adjectives is not determined. (in plural)

How to determine the case of adjectives?

Also, by noun.

Group work.

Determine the gender and number of adjectives in Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky's poem:

About Russian nature, about sweet nature
With a dawn in mother's eyes,
About melting snow and clear weather,
About apple trees in our gardens!

About noisy wheat, about free spaces,
About the sun of transparent birches,
About gentle rivers, about girlish eyes,
About songs that ache to tears!

Let's write the word combinations in the table.

V. Physical education.

• I will name phrases. If the phrase contains a singular adjective, you squat. If the phrase contains a plural adjective, you are walking in place.

Winter road, delicious berries, slender trees, a high fence, forest paths, new notebooks, a red apple, interesting stories.

VI. Continued work.

Now decline these phrases in the singular.

which ? which ? which ?

Im.p. deep pond deep lake deep hole

How wow? how wow? which ?

R.p. deep pond deep lake deep hole

How omu? how omu? which ?

D.p. deep pond deep lake deep hole

Which ? which ? how uh?

V.p. deep pond deep lake deep hole

How are they? how are they? which ?

T.p. deep by the pond deep by the lake deep by the hole

Oh how om? oh how om? oh how oh?

P.p. about a deep pond about a deep lake about a deep hole

What conclusion can you draw? (Adjectives change by case or decline.)

How to determine the case of an adjective? Maybe at the end? (No, the adjective deep ending - oh in the genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional. The case of an adjective can be determined by the case of the noun.)

This means that the adjective and noun agree in gender, number and case.

1. Consolidation of the studied material.

Textbook work: ex. - work in pairs (each will do it on their own, then they exchange notebooks and check, self-assessment).

Decline phrasesnew house, new word,.(Verification, self-assessment).

1. Verification work.

Card work. Decline phrase A new book

1. Reflection.

What have you learned in this lesson?

How to determine the case of an adjective?

How would you rate your performance in this lesson? (Self-esteem)

Evaluation by the teacher.

1. Homework:Uch. p. 9 ex. 13 - write off the text, determine the case of the adjective.

Thanks to this amazing part of speech, the language acquires expressiveness and brightness; without it, our speech would not be so colorful and rich. defines an object by its attribute and belonging. They ask him the questions “what? which? which? what?”, and it also answers the questions “whose? whose? whose? whose?"

The secret is depending

In a sentence, the adjective is usually associated with nouns and pronouns. This part of speech is always dependent on them. This connection will tell us how to determine the case Cases in Russian: nominative, followed by genitive, then dative, followed by accusative, then instrumental, and then prepositional. It is easy to find out the endings of adjectives by case if you ask them a question from the part of speech on which they depend. Usually the ending that is in the question is the same as that of the adjective.

What to Consider

Changing adjectives in cases depends on the number and gender of this part of speech. And there are two things to remember here. First, adjectives can be changed by gender only when they are in the singular. Secondly, they can be changed by numbers. Let's look at both theses with examples.

masculine, feminine and neuter

Let's take the phrase "noun + adjective in the singular" and see how the ending of the adjective changes in different genders. The gender of an adjective is always the same as the noun to which it refers.

1. Masculine adjective endings: -oy, -y, -y. Here is an example: a person (what?) is businesslike, smart, sensitive.
2. Graduation adj. in the feminine: -aya, -ya. For example, clothes (what?) are spacious, summer.
3. Graduation adj. in the middle gender: -oh, -ee. For example, a plant (what?) Tall, perennial.

Endings of adjectives in different numbers

Adjectives change freely in numbers. In the singular, they designate a sign of one object or group of objects and answer the questions “what, what, what?” For example: a smart question, a wide road, a gentle sun, a cheerful team, a large crowd, a noisy crowd.

In names, adjectives denote a variety of objects, answering the question “what?” For example: high hopes, small disappointments. As you can see, the number of an adjective depends on the number of the noun with which it is associated.

Spelling of unstressed endings in adjectives

To determine this point, you can act on a simple algorithm. First you need to ask a question from a noun to an adjective.

If the question is “what?”, you need to check if the ending is under stress. If yes, then we write -th, if not, then we write -th (th).

If a question from a noun sounds like “whose?”, then at the end you should write -y

If only questions can be asked from a noun to an adjective, then the same ending that sounds in the question should be written (taking into account the hard and soft declension). Let us consider the last statement in more detail.

Changing adjective names by case

Now let's get acquainted with the features of the declension of adjectives in cases. This information will help you figure out how to determine the case of an adjective in each case.

First group

These are singular adjectives that are feminine. They lean like this:

• Nominative case: plum (what?) - ripe, early. Graduation adjectives: -ya, -ya.
• Genitive case: plums (what?) - ripe, early. Graduation adjectives: -oh, -hey.
• Dative case: plum (what?) - ripe, early. Graduation adjectives: -oh, -hey.
• Accusative case: plum (what?) - ripe, early. Graduation adjectives: -yu, -yu.
• Instrumental case: plum (what?) ripe, early. Graduation adjectives: -oh, -hey.
• Prepositional case: about a plum (what?) ripe, early. Graduation adjectives: -oh, -hey.

Note that the endings of adjectives coincide in four cases: genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional.

Second group

These are singular adjectives that are masculine. They lean like this:

• Nominative case: ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. Adjective endings: -oy, -y, -y.
• Genitive case: ball (what?) Large, rubber, blue. Graduation adjectives: -oh, -his.
• Dative case: ball (what?) Large, rubber, blue. Graduation adjectives: -mu, -him.
• To determine the ending of an adjective in the accusative case, you must first find out whether it refers to an animate or inanimate noun. In our example, adjectives refer to an inanimate noun that answers the question "what?". Then the question for the adjective will sound like this: the ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. Endings of adjectives with an inanimate noun: -oy, -y, -y. But if the noun is animate, in the accusative case, the question “whom?” should be asked to it. Accordingly, the form of the adjective will change. For example, a father (what?) Strict, loving. Endings of adjectives with an animated noun: -th, -his.
• Instrumental case: with a ball (what?) Large, rubber, blue. Graduation adjectives: -th, -im.
• Prepositional case: about the ball (what?) Big, rubber, blue. Graduation adjectives: -om, -em.

Third group

These are singular adjectives in the neuter gender. They bend like this.

• Nominative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Adjective endings: -oh, -ee.
• Genitive case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Graduation adjectives: -oh, -his.
• Dative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Graduation adjectives: -mu, -him.
• Accusative case: morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Graduation adjectives: -oh, -her.
• Instrumental case: in the morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Graduation adjectives: -th, -im.
• Prepositional case: about the morning (what?) Sunny, summer. Graduation adjectives: -om, -em.

We see here that in all three groups the answer to the question of how to determine the case of an adjective comes down to one thing - it is recognized by the case of the noun on which this adjective depends.

Fourth group

These are adjectives that are in the plural. Let's say the following about them:

• Nominative case: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. Adjective endings: -s, -s.
• Genitive case: colors (what?) yellow, autumn. Graduation adjectives: -th, -them.
• Dative case: flowers (what?) yellow, autumn. Graduation adjectives: -th, -im.
• Accusative case: adjectives related to inanimate nouns are declined according to the principle of the nominative case: flowers (what?) Yellow, autumn. Endings: -s, -s. Adjectives related to animate nouns are declined according to the principle of the genitive case: relatives (what?) Cheerful, close. Endings: -s, -ih.
• Instrumental case: colors (what?) yellow, autumn. Graduation adjectives: -s, -s.
• Prepositional case: about flowers (what?) yellow, autumn. Graduation adjectives: -th, -them.

Note that in this group adjectives have similar endings in the genitive, accusative (if they refer to animate nouns), prepositional cases.

Determining the case of an adjective: a sequence of actions

1. Let's write the adjective on a piece of paper.
2. Let's highlight the ending.
3. Determine the gender and number of the adjective.
4. Let's choose which of the four groups described above the given word belongs to.
5. Let's determine the case of the adjective at the end.
6. If in doubt, let's pay attention to the noun on which our word depends, ask a question to it and determine the case of the adjective from it, since it has the same ending.

If it is difficult to figure out whether a noun (and an adjective dependent on it) is used in the nominative or accusative case, you should look at it. If the noun in the sentence acts as a subject, then it has a nominative case. The cases of adjectives will be the same. If the noun is a minor member of the sentence, then it is used in the accusative case. Therefore, adjectives will have the same case.

We looked at how to determine the case of an adjective and made sure that it is not difficult at all.