Open extracurricular event: forms and types.

Extra-curricular activities are events, classes, situations in a team organized by teachers or someone else for students with the aim of direct educational impact on them.

The success of learning largely depends not only on the choice of effective methods and forms of teaching in the classroom in the classroom, but also on the organization of extracurricular activities in the subject. Experienced teachers know that very often the interest in the subject, the choice of profession is influenced by extracurricular activities.

The purpose of extracurricular activities is to ensure the comprehensive and harmonious development of schoolchildren. This requirement corresponds to the main idea of education - to educate a person who harmoniously combines spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection. One of the tasks of extracurricular activities is to enrich schoolchildren with new, interesting facts, concepts that reflect various aspects of human life and society.

The purpose and objectives of extracurricular activities determine its functions - teaching, educational and developing.

The educational function of an extracurricular activity does not have the same priority as in educational activities. It is auxiliary for a more effective implementation of educational and developmental functions and does not consist in the formation of a system of scientific knowledge, educational skills and abilities, but in teaching certain behavioral skills, collective life, communication skills, etc.

However, the right combination of extracurricular and educational work provides greater flexibility for the entire system of educational activities. An extracurricular activity can serve as an effective means of differentiating education and upbringing while maintaining a unified and compulsory curriculum. Extracurricular work can compensate for his shortcomings, which are difficult to eliminate within the framework of educational activities due to its high saturation with compulsory classes.

Of great importance in extracurricular work is the developmental function, which consists in identifying and developing the individual abilities, inclinations and interests of students through their inclusion in appropriate activities.

The content of an extracurricular activity is an adapted social experience, various aspects of human life emotionally experienced and realized in the personal experience of the child. The specificity of the content of extracurricular activities is characterized by the following factors: the predominance of the emotional aspect over the informative one: for effective educational impact, an appeal to the child's feelings, his experiences, i.e. to reason through emotions; in the content of extracurricular activities, the practical side of knowledge is of decisive importance, i.e. The content of extracurricular activities is aimed primarily at improving a variety of skills and abilities. In extracurricular work, learning skills are improved, the skills of independent work are developed when searching for information, organizing various extracurricular activities, communication skills, the ability to cooperate, and the ability to comply with ethical standards. Since the practical aspect prevails over the theoretical in the content of an extracurricular activity, it is more reasonable to consider the content from the position of students' activities through which they master this or that area of social experience.

Features of extracurricular activities

1. An extra-curricular event is a combination of various types of student activities, the organization of which, together with the educational impact carried out in the course of training, forms the personal qualities of students.

2. Delay in time. An extracurricular activity is, first of all, a set of large and small cases, the results of which are distant in time, not always observed by the teacher.

3. Lack of strict regulations. The teacher has much greater freedom in choosing the content, forms, means, methods of extracurricular work than when conducting a lesson. On the one hand, this makes it possible to act in accordance with one's own views and beliefs. On the other hand, the personal responsibility of the teacher for the choice made increases.

In addition, the absence of strict regulations requires the teacher to take the initiative.

4. Lack of control over results. If an obligatory element of the lesson is control over the process of mastering the educational material by students, then there is no such control in extracurricular activities. It cannot exist due to the delayed results. The results of educational work are determined empirically through observation of students in various situations. A school psychologist can more objectively evaluate the results of this work with the help of special tools. As a rule, the overall results, the level of development of individual qualities are evaluated. It is very difficult and sometimes impossible to determine the effectiveness of a particular form. This feature, which is also recognized by the students, gives the teacher advantages: a more natural environment, informality of communication, and the absence of tension among students associated with the evaluation of results.

5. Extra-curricular activities are carried out during breaks, after school, on holidays, weekends, on vacation, i.e. during extracurricular time.

6. An extracurricular activity has ample opportunity to engage the social experience of parents and other adults.

One of the conditions for the success of extracurricular work is a special mental state that occurs when the motive for activity (the need for it) and the situation corresponding to it are united, called the attitude.

Forms: subject circles and learned societies. The content of the study circles includes: a more in-depth study of individual issues of the curriculum that arouse the interest of students; acquaintance with the life and creative activity of outstanding scientists, writers and other figures of science and culture, with the latest achievements of science and technology; holding evenings dedicated to individual scientists or scientific discoveries; organization of technical modeling and experimental work in biology, organization of meetings with researchers, etc. conferences, exhibitions, mass holidays, excursions. Conferences on a book, a writer's work, a film, a theatrical or television production, a radio performance put the actual work of art in the center of students' attention, activate their independence in assessment, judgments, and opinions. In the process of preparation, students carefully get acquainted with a work of art and think over performances. In the introductory speech, the teacher outlines the range of the main problems that are discussed in the reports and speeches. Summing up, the teacher focuses on the most important conclusions and generalizations.

Exhibitions dedicated to the results of children's creativity in the field of labor, fine arts, local history and hiking trips. Preparatory work, in which all schoolchildren are involved, is of great educational and upbringing importance. The children themselves act as guides at such exhibitions: they give explanations, answer questions, organize an exchange of experience in creative activities on the spot. Mass holidays as a form of educational work are organized in the form of days, weeks, months of increased attention to music, fine arts, cinema, theater or the work of an outstanding writer, poet. Among them are weeks of children's books, theater, music, poetry days of Pushkin, Lermontov, Mayakovsky, Yesenin. During such holidays, children learn about new works of art, meet writers, artists, composers, get acquainted with their creative plans. Tours - a form of organization of learning that allows you to make observations, as well as the study of various objects, phenomena and processes in natural conditions. Olympiads, competitions, associations of children of interest. To stimulate the educational and cognitive activity of students and develop their creative competitiveness in the study of mathematics, physics, chemistry, the Russian language and literature, a foreign language, as well as in technical modeling, olympiads, competitions are held in schools, districts, regions and republics, exhibitions of children's technical creativity. These forms of extracurricular activities are planned in advance, the best students are selected to participate in them, which gives a great impetus to the development of their abilities and inclinations in various fields of knowledge. At the same time, they make it possible to judge the creative nature of teachers' work, their ability to search for and develop talents. Great material for the educational process is provided by special educational expeditions. They are devoted to the collection of folklore, song material, historical information about the revolutionary, military events in the region, region, as well as reconnaissance of the environmental situation, the development of productive forces.

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Withcontent

Introduction

1. Theoretical foundations for organizing extracurricular activities

1.1 Types of extracurricular activities

2. Review of methods of extra-curricular activities for the prevention of child road traffic injuries

2.1 Methodology for organizing and conducting extracurricular activities

Conclusion

List of sources used

ATconducting

Prevention of children's road traffic injuries in any educational institution is a problem that requires multifaceted and comprehensive pedagogical activity. It actualizes the issues of choosing forms of work with children; with the parent community; with public organizations and enterprises working in the field of road traffic; with traffic police officers, as well as with other interested organizations and departments.

According to the head of the Department of Road Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia V.N. Kiryanov, the prevention of child road traffic injuries should be understood as targeted activities for the timely identification, prevention and elimination of the causes and conditions that contribute to road traffic accidents in which children and adolescents die and are injured.

The aim of the work is to consider the methodology for conducting extra-curricular activities for the prevention of child road traffic injuries.

The object of the study, the process of carrying out activities to prevent children's road traffic injuries at school.

The subject is the method of their implementation.

To achieve the goal set in the work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Theoretical foundations for organizing extracurricular activities

The concept of extracurricular activities

Extra-curricular activities are events, classes, situations in a team organized by teachers or someone else for students with the aim of direct educational impact on them.

Extra-curricular activities are built in comparison with lessons on other material, are carried out in other organizational forms and are more based on the independence of students and are held outside of class time.

The importance of extracurricular activities in the educational process of the general education school is constantly increasing, as it contributes to a closer linkage of theoretical knowledge with life, with practice; forms the professional interests of students.

The most important task of extracurricular activities with students in the subject is to increase their interest in the study of traffic rules, the formation of personality traits in students: mutual assistance, friendship, the ability to work in a team, etc.

Extracurricular activities also include games, excursions and meetings with traffic police officers.

The study of traffic rules by students outside the curriculum and the requirements of the school program differs, first of all, from the lesson, as the main form of organizing the learning process and the main element of the class-lesson system.

The purpose and objectives of extracurricular activities determine its functions - teaching, educational and developing.

One of the tasks of extracurricular activities is to enrich schoolchildren with new, interesting facts, concepts that reflect various aspects of human life and society.

The results of teachers' creative searches helped to accumulate experience in extracurricular activities.

Experienced teachers know that very often the interest in the subject, the choice of profession is influenced by extracurricular activities.

The implementation of an in-depth approach to the study of the rules of the road through a variety of forms of extracurricular activities will develop the creative abilities of students, taking into account their individual characteristics, develop a steady interest in replenishing knowledge, the desire to work, and teach students to navigate traffic situations. extracurricular road transport

The development of cognitive interest in the lesson on the basis of extra-curricular activities is ensured by attracting entertainment means, getting acquainted with the rules of behavior on the road, excursions to driving schools and walks around the city in order to study road signs and the traffic situation, holding Safe Wheel competitions, etc.

1.1 Types of extracurricular activities

The concept of the types of extracurricular activities. The concept of extra-curricular activities indicates that the full composition of the class is not required to conduct these classes, that students of different classes can participate in them at their own request, that they are held outside the schedule of compulsory training sessions. In this sense, the forms of extracurricular educational work include: subject circles, scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, etc.

Creative activity. The leading forms of creative activity are circles, creative associations, studios, electives, practical classes in creative workshops, sports sections. Accompanying forms of creative activity include reading, spectator, and listener conferences, defense of independent reports, mass literary, musical, and theatrical celebrations, and exhibitions of children's works. Local history, folklore expeditions and excursions, school club associations, competitions, competitions, olympiads are used as auxiliary forms.

Subject circles and scientific societies. The content of the study circles includes: a more in-depth study of individual issues of the curriculum that arouse the interest of students; acquaintance with the life and creative activity of outstanding scientists, writers and other figures of science and culture, with the latest achievements of science and technology; holding evenings dedicated to individual scientists or scientific discoveries; organization of technical modeling and experimental work in biology, organization of meetings with researchers, etc. Among the leading forms that contribute to the development of individual interests and abilities of children are extracurricular activities.

Great material for the educational process is provided by special cognitive expeditions. They are dedicated to the collection of folklore, song material, historical information about revolutionary, military events.

The critical-analytical structural element becomes dominant in classes devoted to the analysis of works of art, historical documents, facts, research papers, as well as a critical assessment of the creative and practical activities of the students themselves.

Meeting with traffic police officers. A meeting with representatives of the traffic police can be carried out, at work sites this is the work of a traffic controller, inspection of vehicles, paperwork, passing exams and issuing documents.

There are a number of scientifically based requirements for extracurricular forms of education:

They should be deeply scientifically meaningful, ideologically and morally saturated, contributing to spiritual enrichment, creativity and physical development and the formation of a child's personality and individuality;

In their use, a combination of commitment, initiative and voluntariness is necessary, in which fascination is the starting point and a condition for the gradual inclusion of children in activities as a necessity;

The introduction of games, romance, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, literally in all creative, physical culture and sports and entertainment and educational activities, ensuring a healthy spirit of friendly competition, comparison and mutual assistance;

Providing moral education that protects children from overestimating their capabilities, developing painful pride, selfishness, neglect of the team and norms of behavior, envy as a result of immoderate praise, their success in sports, in technical, dramatic, choreographic, literary, musical creativity.

Thus, these classes differ from compulsory lessons in their novelty, greater depth of content, and the creation of a psychological attitude in students exclusively for creative, productive assimilation.

2. Omethodology overviewextra-curricular activities to prevent child road traffic injuries

2.1 Methodology for organizing and conducting extracurricular activities

In order for the above requirements to be implemented in practice, there is a certain sequence of organization of extracurricular activities. It can be used for both individual and group work. This is the study and setting of educational tasks, the preparation and modeling of the upcoming extracurricular activities, the practical implementation of the model and the analysis of the work done.

1. Studying and setting educational tasks. This stage is aimed at studying the characteristics of each student and the class team as a whole and determining the most relevant tasks for the implementation of effective educational impact. The purpose of the stage is an objective assessment of pedagogical reality, which consists in determining its positive aspects (the best in a child, a team), and what needs to be adjusted, formed and selected the most important tasks.

2. Preparation and modeling of the forthcoming extra-curricular educational work consists in building a model of a certain form of activity by the teacher. The plan is made by the teacher with the involvement of students. In the upper grades, they can do this work themselves under the guidance of a teacher.

The ability to plan an educational event is one of the elements of the scientific organization of the work of teachers and students in the field of extracurricular activities. The purpose of an extracurricular activity should reflect the developing, corrective, formative, educational functions, while the teaching function can act as one of the tasks. In accordance with the purpose, tasks, priority functions of extracurricular activities and the results of the study, the content is specified, specific forms, methods, and means are selected.

Extracurricular equipment includes various means: manuals, toys, videos, transparencies, software, literature, information resources, musical arrangement, etc. It is important to prepare tables and chairs for the jury and teams in time; drawing paper, paper, pencils and pens; boards for tasks, crayons and rags, etc.

The selection of material occupies a central place in the preparation of an educational event. Depending on the nature of the work, this takes a different amount of time. So, a lot of time is required to pick up material for a debate, an evening, a review: it is used by the teacher and students to read literature, students perform various tasks and projects, collect facts, prepare reports, speeches, etc. But even if a long time is not required for the selection of material (an excursion to a computer center or a trip to the cinema), the teacher needs to familiarize himself with the object of the visit in advance.

The form of extracurricular activities can be an excursion, a quiz, a competition, an olympiad, etc. The venue is determined by the number of participants, the form of the event, the requirements for the material base, etc. (informatics room, assembly hall, gym, etc.).

The lesson plan includes a description of the content, methods of education and can be either a detailed, consistent presentation of the scenario or a thesis plan. When modeling the course of a lesson, its duration and structure must be taken into account. An extracurricular activity can be from 15-20 minutes for elementary grades to 1-2 hours for middle-aged and older students.

Particular attention should be paid to the holding of complex events (a long game, a review of computer creativity, a week of informatics, a month of physics and mathematics). They should be a cycle of links connected by a single plan and purpose.

For the purpose of effective practical implementation in classes that are diverse in content and methods, four main stages of the lesson should be followed.

1. Organizational moment (0.5-3 minutes).

Pedagogical goal: to switch students to extracurricular activities, to arouse interest in it, positive emotions.

2. Introductory part (from 1/5 to 1/3 of the time of the whole lesson).

Pedagogical goal: to activate students, arrange them for educational influence.

3. The main part of the time should be the longest (slightly more than 1/3 of the total time of the lesson).

Pedagogical goal: implementation of the main idea of the event.

4. Final part (from 1/4 to less than 1/5 of the time).

Pedagogical goal: set up students for the practical application of the acquired experience in their extracurricular life and determine how well the idea of the lesson was realized.

4. The analysis of the work carried out is aimed at comparing the formed model with the real implementation, identifying successful and problematic moments, their causes and consequences. When summing up the results of the educational event, the role of the teacher and methodologist is especially responsible, who must make a qualified conclusion, evaluate the merits and demerits of the work done.

2.2 Areas of work of the school for the prevention of child road traffic injuries

Achieving positive and long-term effects in the organization of the prevention of child road traffic injuries is possible only on the basis of an integrated approach to addressing issues of child safety on the roads and injury prevention.

Extracurricular activities should include:

Conducting themed classroom hours;

Conversations of traffic police inspectors with students (pupils);

Participation in events on the Rules of the road held at the municipal and regional level;

Participation in road safety events held as part of the All-Russian operation "Attention - children!"

Discussing with students specific examples of road traffic accidents involving minors that occurred on the territory of the city / district or region;

Conducting conversations with students who violate the rules of the road;

Keeping a log of briefings before going out to public places;

Creation and work of a detachment of young traffic inspectors.

The educational institution must have:

1. Regulatory documentation governing the activities of an educational institution to prevent child road traffic injuries.

2. Approved work plan for the prevention of child road traffic injuries for the academic year.

3. Documents reflecting the activities of the squad of young traffic inspectors (order on the appointment of the leader of the YID squad, a list of squad members, an approved squad work plan for the academic year, a register of ongoing events, a squad passport and other additional materials).

4. Educational and material base for teaching children and adolescents the Rules of the road:

4.1. Road safety posters displayed in the lobby of an educational institution.

4.2. Stand of an educational institution on road safety.

4.3. Stand (corner), reflecting the activities of the detachment of young traffic inspectors (YUID).

4.4. Plan-scheme and model of the microdistrict of the educational institution, indicating the streets, their intersections, means of organizing traffic, areas of the greatest danger and recommended walking routes.

4.5. Autosite - a model of an intersection with marked markings, simulating a section of the intersection of carriageways, a pedestrian crossing.

4.6. Equipped and provided with visual aids cabinet for road safety.

4.7. Road safety corners in each elementary school classroom and in each group of preschool educational institutions.

4.8. Information for parents on road safety in each group of preschool educational institutions.

4.9. The presence in the library of an educational institution of methodological, didactic and fiction for teachers and students on road safety, textbooks on the Rules of the Road, as well as the presence of the Rules of the Road itself.

5. Constantly updated lists of students with bicycles and motorcycles. Journal of accounting for the state of children's road traffic injuries.

Thus, all this is necessary to maintain effective work on the prevention of child road traffic injuries.

Wconclusion

To achieve the goal of the work, namely to consider the methodology for conducting extra-curricular activities for the prevention of child road traffic injuries, the following tasks were solved in the work:

1. Describe the concept and types of extracurricular activities.

2. Consider the methodology and directions for the prevention of child road traffic injuries.

As a result of studying the problem, we came to the following conclusions:

1. Extra-curricular activities are events, classes, situations in a team organized by teachers or someone else for students with the aim of direct educational impact on them.

2. All these types of extracurricular activities in most cases are closely related to each other, have much in common and are aimed at developing students' interest in the subject, logical thinking.

3. The general conditions for organizing any extracurricular activities of students are:

Taking into account the interests and needs of students of a particular class;

Clear planning of extracurricular activities, determination of its final results;

Attention to the socially useful activities of students.

4. The prevention of child road traffic injuries should be understood as targeted activities for the timely identification, prevention and elimination of the causes and conditions that contribute to road traffic accidents in which children and adolescents die and are injured.

Withlist of sources used

1. Kadzhaspirova G.M. Pedagogy / G.M. Kadzhaspirova. - M.: Gardariki, 2007. - 528 p.

2. Likhachev B.T. Pedagogy: a course of lectures / B.T. Likhachev. - M.: Prometheus; Yurayt, 1998.- 464 p.

3. Pedagogy of vocational education: a textbook for students of higher education. ped. textbook institutions / ed. V.A. Slastenina.- M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004.- 368 p.

4. Pospelov E.M. School toponymic dictionary / E.M. Pospelov. - M.: Enlightenment, 1988. - 134 p.

5. Podlasny I.P. Pedagogy [Text] / I.P. Podlasny. - M.: Vlados, 2005. -574 p.

6. Rules of the road: an exam without problems [Electronic resource]. - M .: LLC "Akella", 2007.

7. Rozhkov M.I. Organization of the educational process at school: textbook. allowance for students. higher textbook institutions / M.I. Rozhkov, L.V. Baiborodova - M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 2000.- 450 p.

8. Scalerenko A.B. General pedagogy / A.B. Scalerenko. - M.: Unity-Dana, 2006. - 479 p.

9. Kharlamov I.F. Pedagogy / I.F. Kharlamov. - M.: Gardariki, 2000. - 519 p.

10. Kiryanov V.N. Traffic police propaganda [Electronic resource]: Official website of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia / V.N. Kiryanov //http://www.gibdd.ru/

11. Kind road of childhood [Electronic resource]: internet portal// http://www.dddgazeta.ru/

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Organization of the work of the educator to ensure the protection of life and health, to prevent injuries and provide first aid to preschool children and employees of preschool educational institutions

“The only happiness in life is striving forward….” Emile Zola

Exemplary program of education and socialization of students

“... an approach in which education is reduced to holding events and is actually separated from the content of the child’s activities at school, in the family, in a group of peers, in society, from his social and informational environment, strengthens the tendency objectively existing in modern culture to isolate children’s subculture from the world not only from adults, but also from the older generation of children and youth. This leads to an even greater disruption of the mechanisms of transmission of cultural and social experience, rupture of ties between generations, atomization of the individual, a decrease in its life potential, an increase in self-doubt, a drop in trust in other people, society, the state, the world, life itself.

Extracurricular activities -

these are events, classes, situations in a team organized by teachers or someone else for students with the aim of direct educational impact on them. Extra-curricular activities are built in comparison with the lessons on other material, are held in other organizational forms and are more based on the independence of students and are held outside of class time.

The purpose of extracurricular activities -

ensuring the comprehensive and harmonious development of schoolchildren. This requirement corresponds to the main idea of education - to educate a person who harmoniously combines spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection.

The predominance of the emotional aspect over the informative one: for an effective educational impact, an appeal to the child's feelings, his experiences is required;

Features of extracurricular activities

1. An extracurricular activity is a combination of various types of student activities.

2. Delay in time.

3. Lack of strict regulations.

4. Lack of control over results

5. Extra-curricular activities are carried out at breaks, after school, on holidays, weekends, on vacation.

6. An extracurricular activity has ample opportunity to engage the social experience of parents and other adults.

Types of extracurricular activities

Creative activity. The leading forms of creative activity are circles, creative associations, studios, electives, practical classes in creative workshops, sports sections. Accompanying forms of creative activity include reading, spectator, and listener conferences, defense of independent reports, mass literary, musical, and theatrical celebrations, and exhibitions of children's works. Local history, folklore expeditions and excursions, school club associations, competitions, competitions, olympiads are used as auxiliary forms.

Types of extracurricular activities

Subject circles and learned societies. The content of the study circles includes: a more in-depth study of individual issues of the curriculum that arouse the interest of students; acquaintance with the life and creative activity of outstanding scientists, writers and other figures of science and culture, with the latest achievements of science and technology; holding evenings dedicated to individual scientists or scientific discoveries; organization of technical modeling and experimental work in biology, organization of meetings with researchers, etc.

Types of extracurricular activities

Accompanying forms of teaching creativity are a variety of reader, spectator, listener conferences, exhibitions, mass holidays, excursions

Types of extracurricular activities

Olympiads, competitions, associations of children of interest. To stimulate the educational and cognitive activity of students and develop their creative competitiveness in the study of mathematics, physics, chemistry, the Russian language and literature, a foreign language, as well as in technical modeling, olympiads, competitions are held in schools, districts, regions and republics, exhibitions of children's technical creativity.

Requirements for extracurricular activities

They must be deeply scientifically meaningful, ideologically and morally saturated;

Their use requires a combination of commitment, initiative and voluntariness;

The introduction of games, romance, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, literally in all creative, physical culture and sports, entertainment and educational activities;

Implementation of the development of creative abilities and talents;

Providing moral education

There is a certain sequence of organization of extracurricular activities.

Studying and setting educational tasks.
Preparation and modeling of the forthcoming extra-curricular educational work consists in building a model of a certain form of activity by the teacher.
Analysis of the work carried out.

The simulation results are reflected in the extracurricular activity plan, which has the following structure:

1. Name.

2. Purpose, tasks.

3. Materials and equipment.

4. Form of holding.

5. Venue.

6. Plan of carrying out.

The pedagogical analysis of each conducted activity can be carried out in accordance with the following main criteria:

1) the presence of a goal;

2) relevance and modernity of the topic;

3) its orientation;

4) depth and scientific content, compliance with the age characteristics of students;

5) the preparedness of the teacher and students for work, the organization and clarity of its implementation.

KGKOU SKSHI 8 types 13

Performance

at school MO:

"Innovative forms of classroom hours"

Teacher

Ekaterinchuk Ludmila

Leonidovna

year 2013

Crossing the threshold of the school, the student finds himself on a huge, new planet for him - the Planet of people. He will have to master the ABC of communication with them, find out why they are all so different, by what rules they live, what they value in each other. Here the main role will be played by the teacher, who is obliged to think over the educational work in the classroom. One of the forms of educational work is a class hour.

"A class hour is a form of frontal educational work that is flexible in composition and structure, which is a socially organized communication of the class teacher with the students of the class in extracurricular time in order to promote the formation of a class team and the development of its members."

The class teacher is engaged in the main educational and organizational work in the classroom. His duties include not only creating favorable conditions for the personal development of the student, but also effective assistance in solving the psychological problems that the child has in communicating with other students, parents and teachers. The class teacher is, as it were, an intermediary between the student and society, helping to build relationships in the team through a variety of activities that contribute to the self-expression of each student and his development as an individual.

Participating in the formation of the primary children's team in the classroom, the class teacher must take on the role of leader, mentor, guardian and friend of his wards. He must be able to inspire the children, understand their needs, be an assistant, and not only organize, but also actively participate in the collective creative activities of his class.

Extracurricular communication between the class teacher and students occupies a very important place in educational work. At the same time, the class hour is one of the most common ways of organizing such communication. Despite the fact that a certain time is allotted for it in the school schedule, the class hour is not inherently a lesson. And communication on it can be attributed to extracurricular activities.

It is usually held every week. It can last like a regular lesson, but this is not a prerequisite. Sometimes 15-20 minutes is enough to cover a topic. Other topics require longer communication.Distinguish class hour organizational and thematic.

It differs in that it is dedicated to a specific topic. Such communication is more holistic and complete, helps to focus students' attention on specific things, without being scattered over trifles. A class hour on a specific topic is more effective than just an informal meeting. He is knowledgeable. The topic itself is very convenient to use to achieve certain pedagogical goals during communication.

There is a wide variety of forms that the class teacher can use to organize communication on thematic class hours. The choice of form depends on:1) the goal that the teacher set for this meeting with students;2) age of schoolchildren;3) existing conditions and available funds;4) experience of the teacher.

The following forms of holding thematic classroom hours are most common:

1) conversation on a specific topic (students talk on a given topic, which teaches them to form and express their opinion);

2) discussion, dispute, debate , (the class is divided into groups whose representatives speak out in defense of opposing positions on this issue; this form helps to involve students in the discussion of various problems, teaches them to listen and understand the opinions of others, to defend their point of view);

3) advisory groups (the class is divided into small groups, each of which discusses this topic or problem for a short period of time, then the representative of the group reports the conclusions made by his team; this form of conducting a class hour contributes to communication within the group, the development of thinking in children, the ability to work in a team to make independent discoveries while studying the material);

4) role-playing game (the problem situation is played briefly, after which the students have the opportunity to discuss it, analyze it and draw conclusions; this form helps to better understand the problem, feeling it through playing a particular role);

5) thematic lecture (topics important for schoolchildren are revealed, such as smoking, drug addiction, safety, health, etc.; in addition, lectures can be informative - about culture, traditions, biographies, etc.);

6) lecture forum (discussion of the topic after the lecture - enlivens the lecture itself, stimulates students to show interest in the information provided);

7) class meeting (responsibilities are distributed among students, various assignments are given, reports on the implementation of these assignments are heard);

8) hour of communication (this form involves consideration of topics of interest to students, solving problems that have arisen in the class through their discussion; teaches students to be frank with each other and the teacher, not be afraid and be able to resolve conflict situations);

9) Questions and answers (the teacher and students have the opportunity to ask each other any questions they are interested in, which contributes to the development of relations between them, openness and helps to solve emerging problems);

10) excursion (allows you to usefully organize the leisure of students);

11) travel games (develop the imagination of students, help in a playful way to expand their horizons);

12) trainings (they teach schoolchildren the correct behavior in certain situations, consolidating this in practice through playing certain scenarios);

13) conferences (they teach schoolchildren to take certain issues seriously, work independently with information material, prepare a topic, speak to an audience);

14) symposium, symposium forum (several children are offered material to speak on various aspects of the topic under consideration; after the symposium, an informal discussion of the topic by the whole group can be held);

15) seminar (the class is working on a research topic under the guidance of an expert);

16) commission, commission forum (several children who are well prepared on a given topic participate in a free discussion of this topic in front of the whole class, discussions are possible, followed by a discussion of the information heard by all students);

17) master classes (students are divided into interest groups led by several experts, in groups specific topics are discussed; such groups can be organized to listen to various speeches, watch demonstrations, discuss different aspects of one topic, work, practice and assessment);

18) working groups (all students in the class are divided into groups, which are given certain tasks that they must complete; such groups contribute to the cooperation of students and communication with each other);

19) theatrical performances (develop the creative potential of students, contribute to their cultural education);

20) games similar to television shows, such as KVN, Brain Ring, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Finest Hour, etc.(in an interesting form for students, cognitive material is presented, participation in teams develops the ability to rally).

This is not a complete list of possible forms of conducting class hours. You can use any new forms available in the school setting. The main thing is that the students should be interested and the class hour will achieve the goals set by the leader.

The structure of the thematic class hour.

The class hour consists of three main parts:

Introduction

This part should attract the attention of schoolchildren and concentrate it on the topic under consideration. It highlights the importance of the issue under discussion, its significance in the life of every person and society as a whole. At this stage, it is necessary to try to form a serious attitude towards thematic communication among schoolchildren.

In the introduction, the transition from the known to the unknown is often used. If everything the teacher says is well known to the children, they will not be interested in listening. It will be difficult to hold attention for a long time in this case.

Main part

Here the topic itself is revealed using such methods and forms that help to achieve the educational goals set by the class teacher. When presenting the material, it is necessary to constantly remember the main topic. Details enrich the presentation, but one should not devote too much time to describing the details, otherwise the attention of the listeners will be weakened, scattered. Here it is useful to use predetermined key points so as not to deviate from the presentation of the topic. In the main part of the classroom, it is desirable to use illustrations, visual material, but not too often, otherwise the interest of students may decrease.

Final part

This is the culmination of class. In the final part, the results of communication are summed up, conclusions are drawn, it is desirable that the students themselves participate in their determination (this contributes to self-education).

Educational goals of the classroom

They have different educational purposes.

First, they can be used to create appropriate conditions for students to express their individuality and creativity.

The second goal of the class hour is to give schoolchildren knowledge about the world around them, its problems, society, man, nature, etc.; to teach to take part in the discussion of socially important issues, the solution of conflict situations, social and world problems, to understand political situations, etc.

Another educational goal is to give students moral and ethical education, to form the right attitude towards universal values, to educate a mature personality, emotionally and morally resistant to negative life manifestations.

An important goal of the class hour is also the creation of a healthy classroom team that could become a favorable environment for the social, emotional and intellectual development of students.

At the organizational hour, the results of the past event are summed up, the next one is discussed, and the results of the children's assignments are also discussed.

Classroom performs functions:

educational

orienting

guide

formative.

essence educational function is that the class hour provides an opportunity to expand the range of knowledge of students that are not reflected in the curriculum. This knowledge may contain information about events taking place in the city, in the country and abroad. The object of class hour discussion can be any phenomenon or event.

Orienting function contributes to the formation of a certain attitude to the surrounding world and the development of a hierarchy of material and spiritual values. Helps to evaluate the phenomena occurring in the surrounding world.

Enlightening and orienting functions are closely related, because You cannot teach students to evaluate phenomena with which they are not familiar. Although sometimes the class hour performs an exclusively orienting function: when discussing a well-known event.

Guiding function designed to translate the discussion of a phenomenon into the real experience of students.

Formative function develops in students the skills of thinking and evaluating their actions and themselves, helps in developing skillful dialogue and expression, defending their own opinions.

To select the topic and content of the class hour, the class teacher needs to identify the age characteristics of students, their moral ideas, interests, etc. This can be done, for example, with the help of questionnaires or conversations.

It is necessary to take into account the psychological characteristics of the perception of the material by students, monitor attention and, when it decreases, use material that is interesting in content or pose a “sharp” question, use a musical pause, change the type of activity.

But what is innovation?

Innovation- this is an introduced innovation that provides a qualitative increase in the efficiency of processes or products demanded by the market. Is the ultimate of man, his imagination, creative process, discoveries, inventions and rationalization.

In our correctional school, most of the above are innovative forms of conducting a class hour. We have mentally retarded children. We gradually apply them in our work.

Recently, new technologies have covered almost all spheres of human activity. New needs have influenced human values. There was a need to use ICT as a communication tool, to increase the availability of information and other aspects. Of course, everyone will agree that the computer has become widely used by man in many ways. The school environment is no exception.

Using ICT, I, as a class teacher, can prepare a variety of materials for use directly during the class hour, extracurricular activities. Information technologies allow me to diversify the forms of work with students, make them creative, and the process of communication with students is simplified. The introduction of ICT into extracurricular activities is an increase in the interest of many students, and it is this resource that I use to intensify educational work in the new conditions.

So, the classroom hour is a form of educational work of the class teacher in the classroom, in which students take part in specially organized activities that contribute to the formation of their system of relations to the outside world.

An open extracurricular event is a form of demonstration of advanced pedagogical developments, a way to put them into practice and improve the skills of teachers. The most important condition for conducting open lessons is publicity, through which the above goals are achieved.

The peculiarities of extracurricular activities are their unusualness, so to speak, the unconventional choice of types and forms of conduct, which helps to awaken children's interest in the learning process, motivating them to independently learn a particular subject.

Classification of extracurricular activities

The main types of extra-curricular activities can be considered educational, leisure and sports and recreation.

Educational and educational extracurricular activities are aimed at enhancing the cognitive activity of schoolchildren, deepening their knowledge, broadening their horizons, and forming the civic position of students.

Leisure activities make it possible to specify the interests of students aimed at acquiring certain skills and abilities, diversify school life with entertaining moments.

Sports and recreational activities ensure the physical development of schoolchildren, contribute to the improvement and maintenance of their health.

In our proposed classification of types of extracurricular activities, the emphasis is on the purpose of the event. It is this aspect that determines the choice of the form of holding.

Forms of extracurricular activities

Each type of extracurricular activities has its own ways of implementation. Of course, the list is not static and limited: the objects in it can vary, intersect, unite.

Educational and educational extracurricular activities can have the following forms of execution: conversation, discussion, meeting with interesting people, quiz, theater, training, conference, olympiad, review, competition, excursion.

Leisure extracurricular activities have more applied goals - teaching skills, abilities, which is implemented in the following didactic models: workshop (cutting and sewing, culinary, fine arts, photography, modeling), plein air, master class, theater studio. In addition, leisure activities are held for entertainment purposes, which contributes to the unification of children's recreational leisure activities - a competition, a game, theatrical performances.

Sports and health-improving open extra-curricular activities are held in the form of sports games, trips.

The age characteristics of students when choosing the content and forms of extracurricular activities are of decisive importance. Let's explore this aspect of the problem.

elementary School

Of particular importance is the holding of open extra-curricular activities in elementary school. Primary school children are most sensitive to learning new things, they require a visual demonstration of the knowledge offered, in addition, younger students have a very high level.

Based on this, when planning extra-curricular activities for students in grades 1-4, preference should be given to conducting classes with elements of physical activity, games, competitive tasks, and excursions. An open extracurricular activity of grade 2 should take into account the little practical experience of children in this age category, form basic knowledge, skills and abilities.

Old school

Children of senior school age are capable of a longer static perception of the material, of reproducing more text, they are stress-resistant, which plays a decisive role in choosing the form of extracurricular activities. In such cases, it is worth giving preference to theatrical performances, KVN, brain ring, hiking trips, career guidance excursions.

Teaching and educational extracurricular activities

Considering that the primary task of the school is education, let us dwell in more detail on the consideration of educational open events.

Open extracurricular activities of an educational nature contribute to an in-depth study of the material in certain subjects, systematization of the acquired knowledge using non-traditional forms of information presentation.

Extracurricular activity in mathematics

The main purpose of extracurricular activities in mathematics is the practical application of the knowledge acquired in the classroom. Such events are most effective in the form of games, trips, contests, excursions, theatrical performances, subject weeks. There are different types of extracurricular activities.

The cognitive functions of the game are very wide. The main advantage of the game over other forms of extracurricular activities is its accessibility. Solving mathematical charades, puzzles, crosswords is a very exciting process that allows you to systematize the knowledge gained, develops logical thinking, ingenuity.

Traveling to the country of mathematics gives children the opportunity to come close to mathematical terms, realizing their reality and necessity in life.

Competition

Competitive forms of conducting open extracurricular activities in mathematics solve not only purely substantive problems, but also form a team, demonstrating real relationships in the classroom.

Conducting excursions aimed at studying mathematics allows children to project book knowledge onto the world around them.

Theatrical productions, the script of which is based on such a subject as mathematics, clearly demonstrate the pattern of cause-and-effect relationships, form concepts about geometric shapes, sizes, etc.

Subject weeks in mathematics are a set of open extra-curricular activities held in the following forms: an open lesson - an extra-curricular event, a game, a competition, a quiz.

An extra-curricular event in mathematics activates students, contributes to the formation of logical thinking. It is most effective to conduct classes that form interdisciplinary connections: an open extracurricular event in mathematics in the form of a theatrical performance, which will increase the level of humanitarian and mathematical knowledge; excursion to nature, to consolidate the skills acquired in the lessons of natural history and mathematics.

The practical significance of extracurricular activities on technology

Such a formulation of the question is especially relevant for the new subject "Technology", the main purpose of introducing which into the curriculum was the practical application of the knowledge gained at school.

Considering that the school curriculum allocates a critically small number of study hours to the study of the subject "Technology", extra-curricular activities play an important role in mastering this discipline.

The target orientation of this subject on the convergence of theory and practice allows us to talk about the features of extracurricular activities in technology.

The development of students' work skills is an essential component in the school. Labor brings up such personality traits as independence, responsibility for decisions made, which contributes to the formation of a full-fledged citizen.

An open extracurricular event on technology will demonstrate independent practical skills of students acquired in the classroom, motivate their work activities. In addition, technology lessons make it possible to identify children's propensity for a certain type of activity, which, in turn, will help them decide on the choice of profession in the future.

An extra-curricular event on technology is held in various forms: a workshop, a master class, a quiz, a game, a competition.

Summarize

Any open lesson (extracurricular activity) allows you to consolidate the knowledge of schoolchildren in a particular subject. In addition, this form of training is of great interest to the children. The teacher should plan the extracurricular activity in advance. In the preparation process, you can use the help of students.