It is time to change the attitude of the government towards higher education. Yuri Dus: “Omsk is facing a catastrophic shortage of highly qualified economists

It's time to change the attitude of the government towards higher education

THE GOVERNMENT'S ATTITUDE TO HIGHER SCHOOL IS TIME TO CHANGE

Dus Yu.P., Razumov V.I., Shkarupa V.M.

Under the necessary structural reforms, first of all, we should understand the modernization of the tax system, the improvement of control and supervisory activities, the implementation of the import substitution policy, and the increase in the efficiency of development institutions.

Sergei Katyrin, Head of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation (On the Internet of February 26, 2017: https://news.mail.ru/economics/28893724/?frommail=1).

Let's read this epigraph and think about how much this call is met by what is being done under the banner of education reforms in Russia. Based on an analysis of government policy in the field of higher education in recent years, an unbiased observer might get the impression that the country's higher school is a bunch of klutzes (whose every step requires control), lazy people (needing constant stress by filling out a huge pile of papers, doing things, lacking not only practical, but often common sense), bribe-takers (continuously exposed by highly moral media), sybarites and hedonists (whose financial capabilities must be kept in the tightest bridle for their own benefit), etc. etc.

In fact, in conditions when the West is trying to isolate the country economically with the help of sanctions, including from new generation investments and technologies, when the dynamics of prices for raw materials is unclear, when military and political turbulence is fraught with armed conflicts almost everywhere in the world, when traditional values are under massive attack (from outside and from within the country) - higher education requires a fresh look and reassessment by those in power. Because once again (perhaps for the last?) the fate of the country depends on it. Paradoxically, against the backdrop of a hostile attitude towards us from economically leading countries, with a clear need for import substitution, a critical attitude towards investment and economic assessments of Western agencies, Russian higher education is entirely oriented towards Western scientometric standards and assessments.

The whole history of the last century suggests that the foundations laid down in the XVIII-XIX centuries. the foundations of Russian classical higher education allowed the latter to be a fundamental basis for the protection, preservation and development of society and the state:

- when, during the revolutionary upheavals of 1917, the hardships of the Civil War and devastation, higher education was largely dismantled, its internal resources were still enough to ensure subsequent industrialization and the solution of issues of eliminating illiteracy, developing science and culture;

when in the 30s repressions hit, among other things, the sphere of education and science, higher education provided the conditions for engineering, technological, scientific, personnel opposition to the aggression of the Nazi army, which relied on almost the entire military-technical potential and raw materials resources of Western Europe, and then the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War;

- when in the post-war years the higher school experienced incredible difficulties of the recovery period, was subjected to new types of repression (on a national basis, etc.), it managed to intellectually ensure breakthrough areas of scientific and technological progress: space, military and peaceful atom, etc.;

when in the 90s Higher education, left on minimal funding, without serious support, was feverishly looking for opportunities to solve its problems on its own (including the introduction of a system of paid education), it managed to reorganize quickly and effectively enough to ensure market reforms and sovereign development of the country. Moreover, the level of personnel training was still so high that a significant part of specialists (from hundreds of thousands to millions) found application in economically developed countries, which was why they were lost to our country.

After all that has been said, is it necessary to prove that the higher school of Russia is basically an integral and most important component of the national economic complex, which has proved, under the most inhuman and most unusual conditions, that it is devoted to the people, country, culture, and traditions? That she solves the tasks assigned to her in any conditions (almost like the Airborne Forces)? Is it necessary to turn this magic wand of our civilization into a toilet brush of bureaucratic exercises?

If we talk about the shortcomings and problems of higher education, the need for control, then it is obvious to the thinking majority that the development of any major phenomenon is accompanied by problems under any conditions. Expenses for control and regulation, which disorganize the work of the phenomenon itself, are too costly, especially in the context of the austerity regime that has been carried out by the government for two years now. What, it would seem, control exists in the field of air transport, but a certain percentage of accidents is present. And let's remember the most severe attention of the authorities to energy in the Soviet era. However, a defect in one nut at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP led to a terrible disaster.

A higher school cannot be instantly improved by a new (No. 3, No. 3+, No. 3++, No. 4, etc.) standard of education. She is, in the best sense of the word, a conservative organism, standing on the deep foundations of tradition and culture. But he is not unlimited in his patience of incessant innovations. Today it is vitally important to introduce general reasonable rules for the work of universities, expedient framework control, to provide an opportunity for a public institution, which has literally saved the country more than once, to simply work calmly. Otherwise, it may seem to someone that the most zealous "reformers" are those who want to repay the former "tormentor-professors" for their own bad grades and the formed inferiority complex.

History of Russia since the 17th century. is expressed in the trend of the country's expansion, not only geopolitical, but also economic and cultural. It suffices to recall how intensively and on a large scale after the Second World War the construction of universities was going on throughout the territory of the USSR. At present, Russian universities are arranged in a pyramid of 6 levels, and it looks like, for example, the millionth city of Omsk today has only universities of the 4th level and below! Competition between universities has actually been replaced by nomenclature relations.

One of the effects of 25 years of reforms in higher education in the Russian Federation was a catastrophic decrease in the passionarity of teachers. I remember the time when we started working in universities - the beginning of the 80s - the topics of conversations of teachers focused on the discussion of scientific problems; plans, course, research results; on the search for new forms and methods of teaching. Students willingly joined these communications. And for the last seven or eight years, there has been talk about what kind of test and how to prepare, what new standards we should “repack” educational materials again; in what publications and with what impact factor who published, what is your Hirsch (scientometric index). Do you think young people will be interested in these conversations, and if someone listens, will the question arise - why am I here?

So, we do not ask, we demand not to pull the higher school with constant checks and endless reforms - this has a very remote relation to improving the quality of teaching (if it has anything at all). Higher education is not a mechanism that requires vigilant control, but a living regenerating organism that has proven its ability to evolve without external, often, to be honest, incompetent instructions on how to rebuild. In the management of higher education, it is necessary to confine ourselves to the most general requirements for it at the federal level. Isn't it time higher political and ideological attitude towards higher school build on higher trust?

Dus Yury Petrovich, Dean of the Faculty of International Business, Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations of the Omsk State University. F.M. Dostoevsky (Omsk State University)

Razumov Vladimir Ilyich, Head of the Department of Philosophy, Omsk State University, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor

Shkarupa Vladimir Mikhailovich, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Omsk State University

participant of the encyclopedia "Famous Scientists"

Dean of the Faculty of International Business, Omsk State University.

In 1980 he graduated from the Faculty of History of Omsk State University with a degree in "Historian. Teacher of History and Social Science", and in 1986 - full-time postgraduate studies at Tomsk State University, defending in February 1986 a candidate's dissertation on the topic "Socio-political life of the West Siberian peasantry in 1937-1941."

From 1987 to 1992 he worked as a lecturer in the Department of Social Sciences of the Omsk branch of the Altai State Institute of Culture. From 1992 to the present, he has been working at Omsk State University in the following positions: head of the educational and methodological laboratory of Omsk State University, head of the Department of Psychology and Commerce of the Faculty of Economics (1993-1996), head of the Department of Commerce of the Economic Faculty (1996-1998), Deputy Dean of the Faculty of International Business (1998-January 2003), Head of the Department of International Economic Relations (1998-present). From January 2003, he served as Acting Dean, and in June 2003, the Academic Council of Omsk State University elected Dean of the Faculty of International Business for a period of five years. In 2008, he was elected for a second term.

In 2007, at the dissertation council of the Ural State Technical University, he defended his doctoral dissertation in the specialty "World Economy" on the topic "The Impact of Intellectual Migration on the Social and Economic Development of the World-System". Since June 2008 - Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations.

He is a member of the European Association for Evolutionary Economics (since 1998). Full member of the US International Academy of Business (since 2003).

Teaching activity at FMB:

Academic disciplines:

Business and Society (read in previous years)

History of the economy

Philosophy of Business (read in previous years)

The history of homeland

International Relations (read in previous years)

International Economic Relations (read in previous years)

Fundamentals of economic knowledge (in some years for economic

classes of specialized lyceums and gymnasiums in Omsk)

Course and diploma works on the profile of specialties of the faculty.

Scientific publications:

F. Roosevelt's "New Deal" in the light of American neo-liberal historians of the 1950s and 1960s. Tomsk: TGU Publishing House, 1983.

Socio-political history of the twentieth century. Omsk, 1990.

Humanitarian training of economic specialists in universities: goals and content. Omsk, 1997.

Faculty of International Business: Academic catalogue. 2000-2002. - Omsk: Omsk State University, 2000.

International economic relations in the era of globalization: Textbook. - Omsk: Publishing House "Nauka-Omsk", 2003.

Politics of economically developed countries in the field of international migration of specialists and scientists // Vestnik USTU-UPI. Series "Economics and Management". - Ekaterinburg: GOU VPO USTU-UPI, 2005. No. 6.

Modern trends in the development of world economic relations: migration, integration, internationalization. Monograph. - Omsk: Publishing house "Nauka", 2005.

Model of modern world economic migration of intellectuals and Russia // Personality. Culture. Society. 2005. Vol. VII. Issue. 4 (28).

Migration of intellectuals in the modern world system // Philosophy: history and modernity. 2004-2005: Sat. scientific tr. Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Joint Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy SB RAS. - Novosibirsk-Omsk, 2005.

Accounting for the role of the migration factor in the forecast of Russia's innovative development // Innovations. 2005. No. 8 (85).

International migration of scientists in the context of the modern world-system and intelligent networks // Vestnik NGU. Series: Philosophy. Novosibirsk, 2005. Vol. 3. Issue. 2.

Intellectual colonization // All-Russian journal IVF. 2006. No. 2.

Migration of specialists and scientific personnel in the world economy. Monograph. - Novosibirsk: "Science", 2006.

Accounting and some mechanisms for regulating the migration of highly qualified specialists//Personality. Culture. Society. 2006. Vol. VIII. Issue. 3 (31).

Intellectual Migration within the Historical Context of Transnational Migration//The Journal of the North Carolina Association of Historians. April 2006. Volume 14.

A Siberian University in Transition: Challenges and Opportunities//Center News. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Spring 2006. No. 107.

Criticism of modern theories of international migration of highly qualified specialists // Omsk Scientific Bulletin. 2006. No. 9 (47).

From accounting to regulating the migration of highly qualified specialists // Man, culture and society in the context of globalization: mater. intl. scientific conf. - M.: Academic prospectus; Russian Institute of Culturology, 2007.

Russian-American educational program at the Omsk State University School of International Business // The Fusion of Economic Culture in the Context of Market Economy. International Conference Proceedings. Yekaterinburg: SEI HPE USTU-UPI, 2007. Issue 10. Vol. 3.

History of Russia: textbook (for students of economic specialties and areas of higher education). Omsk: Om publishing house. state un-ta, 2008.

Directions for increasing the competitiveness of economic entities in the context of Russia's integration into the system of world economic relations. Monograph - Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008

Keywords

COMPETITIVENESS / INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS / COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES / REGIONAL ECONOMY / INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT/ COMPETITIVENESS / INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS / REGIONAL ECONOMY / INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT / COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

annotation scientific article on economics and business, author of scientific work - Dus Yu.P., Mishchenko V.V., Shcherbakov V.S.

Thing. Today, competition is a comprehensive and pervasive phenomenon, characteristic of economic systems at all levels. The article is devoted to the study of regional competitiveness, definition competitive advantage regions. Goals. The main goal of the study is to select and analyze the key factors affecting the regional economy, which in turn affects competitiveness region. At the same time, the authors concentrate on the analysis of precisely those key factors of regional investment attractiveness that can be influenced and managed at the regional level. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the method of analysis of hierarchies, first proposed by T. Saaty, was applied, which made it possible to investigate factors that are subjective-objective in nature and usually not amenable to effective quantitative assessment. The method of analysis of hierarchies is made on the basis of such criteria (classification features) as manageability, the degree of intensity of changes, the source of occurrence. Results. As a result of the analysis, the most significant factors influencing investment attractiveness region, were assigned institutional environment, financial markets of the region, development of regional infrastructure. The results of this article can be used as a basis for substantiating and building a regional economic policy, developing measures to increase competitiveness regions.Conclusions. Within the framework of this article, it is established that investment attractiveness region is one of the most important elements of the regional competitiveness and is itself influenced by a number of factors. Among the identified factors, those components that can be influenced at the regional level are of the greatest importance.

An analysis of main factors influencing the regional competitiveness

Importance The article discusses the issues of regional competitiveness and determination of competitive advantages of regions. Objectives The article aims to select and analyze key factors influencing the regional investment attractiveness , which in turn affects the competitiveness of the region, and particularly those ones that might be affected and controlled at the regional level. Methods For the study, we applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), first proposed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s, which helped to analyze the factors of subjective nature, which usually cannot be effectively quantified. Results The analysis shows that the most significant factors affecting the investment attractiveness of the region are an institutional environment , region's financial markets, and the development of regional infrastructure. Conclusions and Relevance The investment attractiveness of the region is one of the most important elements of regional competitiveness , and it itself is affected by a number of factors. policy, develop measures to improve the competitiveness of regions.

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Analysis of the main factors influencing regional competitiveness"

ISSN 2311-8733 (Online) Theories of regional economics

ISSN 2073-1477 (Print)

ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

Yuri Petrovich DUSA, Vitaly Viktorovich MISHCHENKO, Vasily Sergeevich SCHERBAKOV1^

and Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of International Business, Omsk State University named after M.V. F.M. Dostoevsky, Omsk, Russian Federation [email protected] su

ь Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of Regional Economics and Management,

[email protected]

postgraduate student of the Department of Regional Economics and Management,

Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation

[email protected]

Article history:

Adopted 10/25/2016 Adopted in revised form 12/01/2016 Approved 12/12/2016 Available online 04/14/2017

UDC 330, 332.1 JEL: R48, Yu9

Keywords:

competitiveness, investment attractiveness, competitive advantages, regional economy, institutional environment

annotation

Methodology. To achieve this goal, the method of analysis of hierarchies, first proposed by T. Saaty, was applied, which made it possible to investigate factors that are subjective-objective in nature and usually not amenable to effective quantitative assessment. The method of analysis of hierarchies is produced on the basis of such criteria (classification features) as manageability, the degree of intensity of changes, the source of occurrence. Results. As a result of the analysis, the most significant factors affecting the investment attractiveness of the region were the institutional environment, the financial markets of the region, and the development of the regional infrastructure. The results of this article can be used as a basis for substantiating and building a regional economic policy, developing measures to improve the competitiveness of regions.

Findings. Within the framework of this article, it has been established that the investment attractiveness of the region is one of the most important elements of regional competitiveness and, at the same time, is itself influenced by a number of factors. Among the identified factors, those components that can be influenced at the regional level are of the greatest importance.

Introduction

Today it is obvious that at all taxonomic levels, including the regional one, territorial competition is becoming more and more active. At the same time, success is predetermined by the “quality” of the population, economy, infrastructure, social and economic institutions, and other factors of competitiveness.

Yu.A. Friedman, GN. Rechko, A.G. Limonov draw attention to the fact that competitiveness is a key "tool" of economic policy at all levels of government. The main characteristics of economic systems (countries, regions, cities) that distinguish this

economic education among others, call them competitive advantages / .

In turn, M.R. Safiullin notes that ensuring the competitiveness of the economy is a strategic goal, and modernization and innovation are the means to ensure it.

This suggests that, regardless of the level of consideration, competitiveness is a relative value, which is determined only when compared with a competitor-analogue according to the relevant parameters for a certain period of time. Note that in this article, the main focus is on the analysis of the regional level of development.

Review of scientific sources

Researchers of the competitiveness of the region note that the paradigm of the region as a business entity in itself predetermines the need to consider the region as a participant in interregional competition, a strategic player in international economic relations and interactions.

L.N. Safiullin and A.A. Pikulev represent the competitiveness of the region as the productivity of the use of regional resources (especially labor and capital), in comparison with other regions, which is reflected in the value of the gross regional product per capita, as well as in its dynamics.

V.M. Oshchepkov and Yu.D. Kuzmina indicate that the competitiveness of a region is such a property that shows how a particular region functions and develops in a market environment, how effectively it ensures reproduction processes.

Speaking about the country level of development, it is impossible to bypass the widely known and scientifically recognized theory of competitiveness by M. Porter (Michael Eugene Porter). According to this theory, the most important characteristics of countries include four components that, individually and collectively, determine the basis of their competitive advantages: conditions for production factors; state of demand; related and supporting industries; sustainable strategy, structure and rivalry.

It seems that, with certain reservations, the theory under consideration is quite applicable to regional economic systems as well. So, for regional entities, infrastructure and other factors of production will also be of decisive importance; structure, nature of the economy and network interactions in it, as well as the institutional environment of the region.

According to A.I. Tatarkin, regional competitive advantages include the development of the region's infrastructure complex, the state of the environment, the quality of the workforce, research potential, and the policy of regional authorities.

In turn, A.E. Among the factors of competitiveness of regions, Kolomak singles out the general

macroeconomic balance, resource endowment of the region, geographical position of the territories; level of development, quality of institutions and other factors.

Considering the socio-economic space of the region, B.S. Zhikharevich identifies the following properties (layers) that directly affect its development and competitiveness: physical (natural) properties, engineering (infrastructural) properties, institutional properties .

At the same time, S.V. Dokholyan, along with competitive advantages, notes the existence of certain processes that hinder the formation of the competitiveness of the region. Such processes include: weak intellectual potential, remoteness from the economic centers of the country with an underdeveloped transport system, high environmental vulnerability of the natural environment, poor development of industrial, social and market infrastructures in the region and other processes.

The described approaches to the analysis of the factors of competitiveness of regions show a large variability in the composition of the concept under consideration. Another difficulty, as noted by A.E. Shastitko, lies in the fact that the assessment of the competitiveness of the region is associated with the need to take into account factors that are currently either impossible or rather difficult to quantify. In view of this, the authors of this article are quite in solidarity with the position that the competitiveness of the region refers to the estimated indicators and has a subjective-objective character.

At the same time, in our opinion, one of the key complex elements of the region's competitiveness can be its investment attractiveness. A number of researchers of this issue propose to measure the level of regional competitiveness through an integral indicator, including

investment attractiveness of the region. This position is confirmed by the results of a comparative analysis of existing methods for assessing the competitiveness of regions, conducted by Yu.N. Gambeeva. So, for example, the investment attractiveness of the region stands out among the main aggregated factors that directly affect

for regional competitiveness,

using a family of techniques that combine statistical indicators and expert assessments.

Within the framework of this work, it seems sufficient to consider the investment attractiveness of the region as a comprehensive indicator of the favorable environment for the investor.

At the same time, it is necessary to focus on why investment attractiveness is used for the purposes of the study, and not related concepts, such as investment climate. So, A.V. Priputnev and B.M. Zhukov in the study of the essence and main content characteristics of the investment climate come to the conclusion that, despite the breadth of the definitions given, at the moment there is no unity in understanding the investment climate of the region as a phenomenon and economic category. According to these researchers, one of the most common positions is

identification of the concepts of "investment climate" and "investment attractiveness" . The authors of this study also join the indicated position.

It appears that the investment

the attractiveness of the region stands out among the key elements of the competitiveness of the regions due to the fact that it directly affects the intensification and extensification of regional investment processes and, as a result, contributes to the socio-economic development of the region. In addition, it is noted that increasing investment attractiveness in itself is not the ultimate goal. The main task is to increase investment attractiveness to a level that provides the necessary inflow of investments into the region.

In this case, investment

attractiveness of the region

complex indicator, since it is itself influenced by a number of factors and parameters that can be characterized in terms of different features. So, A.V. Babanov proposed a very capacious classification of factors influencing the investment attractiveness of the region. Among the classification features within the framework of his approach, the following criteria are distinguished: the source of the factor, dependence

from the activities of people that make up

investment attractiveness, duration of impact, sphere of formation,

predictability, controllability, way of expression, degree of detail, significance, degree of intensity of changes,

direction of impact.

At the same time, one cannot but agree with the position that the investment attractiveness of a region is determined by the combined influence of an infinite number of factors. Nevertheless, to study this issue, to conduct interregional investment comparisons, the investment attractiveness of each of the regions can be characterized by a certain limited number of quantitative

meters .

Guided by this logic, taking into account the specifics of the regional development of the Russian Federation, as well as summarizing a wide range of studies conducted in this direction, the authors of this article among the main factors directly affecting the investment attractiveness of the region, were identified:

Geographical position;

Resource security;

Infrastructure development;

Socio-economic development of the country;

Human capital of the region;

Financial markets of the region (regional banking system);

Regional institutions (regional institutional environment).

Materials and methods of research

Then the goal was set: to determine the key factors affecting the investment attractiveness of the region, or, in other words, the factors that the region itself can influence and influence, that is, to manage the process of increasing its investment attractiveness.

The main difficulty of this kind of analysis lies in the fact that factors of different nature are used for comparison, the significance of which varies depending on which consideration criteria are decisive. Therefore, in the opinion of the authors of the study, in this context, such previously identified

classification features proposed by A.V. Babanov, as controllability, degree of intensity of change, source

occurrence.

In particular, E.G. Mikhailova points out that factors and conditions that cannot be subject to change by the regions themselves: for example, natural and climatic conditions, natural resources, geographical location can be characterized as uncontrollable factors. In addition, there are also factors that are difficult to regulate - these are the conditions that an economic entity, that is, a region, can affect with difficulty or only partially.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that, for example, such a factor that affects the investment attractiveness of the region, as the policy of regional authorities, also plays a huge role in the process under consideration, including contributing to both a more efficient transformation of savings into investments within the region, and capital inflow from other regions and countries. But in the course of the analysis and in-depth study of the problem under consideration, this factor was excluded from consideration, due to the fact that in the center of the study and identification of key factors, such a criterion as controllability from the regional level is used. In this case, the policy of the regional authorities cannot be considered as a management factor, since, in fact, it is.

To achieve this goal, it was decided to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method proposed by the American mathematician Thomas L. Saaty, since this method is a systematic procedure for the hierarchical representation of the elements that determine the essence of the problem.

As a result of applying this method, the relative degree of interaction of elements in the hierarchy, presented in a quantitative form, can be expressed. It is the use of paired comparisons at the input that makes it possible to deal with factors that are usually not amenable to effective quantification.

The procedure for selecting key factors affecting investment attractiveness using the T. Saaty method is shown below.

Alternatives:

Geographical position;

Resource security;

Infrastructure development;

Socio-economic development of the country;

Human capital of the region;

Regional financial markets (regional banking system);

Regional institutions (regional institutional environment).

Criteria:

Controllability;

The degree of intensity of changes;

Origin source.

Level 0. Purpose - selection of key factors influencing the investment attractiveness of the regions.

Level 1. Criteria:

Controllability;

The degree of intensity of changes;

Origin source. The scale used for comparisons: 1 - equivalence;

3 - moderate superiority;

5 - strong superiority;

7 - very strong superiority.

The authors of this paper have assigned the same weighting factors to such criteria as "controllability" and "source of occurrence", since it is the possibility of managing economic processes at the regional level that is at the center of the analysis of this article. The lowest weight coefficient was assigned to the criterion “degree of intensity of changes” (Tables 1 and 2).

Pairwise comparison matrices for such a criterion as “controllability” show that the following factors are of the greatest importance: “regional institutions”, “human capital” and “infrastructure development” (Tables 3 and 4).

According to the matrices of paired comparisons, according to the criterion “degree of intensity of changes”, the factors “socio-economic development of the country” and “financial markets” (“regional banking system”) have the highest value, and the lowest value - “resource endowment” and “geographical location” ( Tables 5 and 6).

From the point of view of the criterion "source of occurrence", in the opinion of the authors of the work, such factors as "geographical location" and "resource availability" play the greatest role (Tables 7 and 8).

results

Integral estimates of alternatives (utility functions) according to the method used are displayed in Table. 9. Based on the applied approach, the institutions of the region (regional institutional environment) and the financial markets of the regions (regional banking system) are identified as the most significant factors for the subnational system in terms of the applied classification features, in other words, in terms of their significance, influence and opportunity impact at the regional level.

Thus, within the framework of this article, it was found that, on the one hand, investment attractiveness is the most important

element of the region's competitiveness, on the other hand, it is itself influenced by a group of factors. In the opinion of the authors of the work, the most important criteria for classifying the factors under consideration from the point of view of the regional aspect and the degree of influence of regions on these factors should include such signs as controllability, the degree of intensity of changes, the source

occurrence.

As a result, the institutions of the region showed the maximum integral assessment in terms of the classification features used, which may indicate the fundamental possibility of influencing and managing investment attractiveness and, as a result, competitiveness at the regional level of development.

In this regard, the position of M. Porter is very close, according to which the growth and prosperity of countries is not inherited, is not a consequence of natural wealth, but is created by the countries themselves.

It seems that such logic is relevant and applicable also for regional economic systems. The economic behavior of any region should focus on increasing regional competitiveness by maintaining and using existing ones, as well as creating and implementing new competitive advantages.

Table 1

Paired Criteria Evaluation

Paired criterion evaluation

Criterion Controllability Degree of intensity of changes Source of occurrence

Handling 1/1 2/1 1/1

Degree of change intensity 1/2 1/1 1/2

Origin 1/1 2/1 1/1

table 2

Summary paired evaluation of criteria in decimal form

Summary paired criterion evaluation in decimal

Criterion Controllability Degree of intensity of changes Source of occurrence Amount Normalized amount

Controllability 1 2 1 4 0.4

Degree of intensity of changes 0.5 1 0.5 2 0.2

Origin 1 2 1 4 0.4

Table 3

Paired assessment of factors according to the criterion "Controllability" Table 3

Paired factor evaluation by Manageability criterion

Geographic 1/1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/2 1/2

position

Resource availability 2/1 1/1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2

Development 2/1 2/1 1/1 2/1 1/1 2/1 1/2

infrastructure

Social 2/1 2/1 1/2 1/1 1/2 1/2 1/2

economic

country development

Human 3/1 2/1 1/1 2/1 1/1 1/1 1/2

Financial markets 2/1 2/1 1/2 2/1 1/1 1/1 1/2

Regional institutions 2/1 2/1 1/1 2/1 2/1 1/1 1/1

Table 4

Summary paired assessment of factors according to the criterion "Controllability" in decimal form Table 4

Summary paired factor evaluation by Manageability criterion in decimal

Criterion Geographic location Resource availability Infrastructure development Socio-economic development of the country Human capital Financial markets Regional institutions Amount Standardized amount

Geographic location 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.33 0.5 0.5 3.83 0.07

Resource availability 2 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5.5 0.1

Infrastructure development 2 2 1 2 1 2 0.5 10.5 0.18

Socio-economic development of the country 2 2 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 7 0.12

Human capital 3 2 1 2 1 1 0.5 10.5 0.18

Financial markets 2 2 0.5 2 1 1 0.5 9 0.16

Regional institutions 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 11 0.19

Table 5

Paired assessment of factors according to the criterion "Degree of intensity of changes"

Paired factor evaluation by Change Rate criterion

Criterion Geographic location Resource endowment Infrastructure development Socio-economic development of the country Human capital Financial markets Regional institutions

Geographic 1/1 1/2 1/3 1/3 1/2 1/4 1/3

position

Resource availability 2/1 1/1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/2

Development 3/1 2/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/3 1/1

infrastructure

Social 3/1 2/1 1/1 1/1 2/1 1/1 3/1

economic

country development

Human 2/1 2/1 1/1 1/2 1/1 1/3 1/1

Financial markets 4/1 3/1 3/1 1/1 3/1 1/1 2/1

Regional institutions 3/1 2/1 1/1 1/3 1/1 1/2 1/1

Table 6

Summary paired assessment of factors according to the criterion "Degree of intensity of changes" in decimal form Table 6

Summary paired factor evaluation by Change Rate criterion in decimal

« - 2 Human Capital Financial Markets No.

Criterion Geographic location Resource secured Infrastructure development1 Socio-economic development of the country Institutions of the region Amount Normalized amount

Geographic 1 0.5 0.25 0.33 0.5 0.25 0.33 3.17 0.05

position

Resource availability 2 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.33 0.5 5.33 0.08

Development 3 2 1 1 1 0.33 1 9.33 0.14

infrastructure

Social 3 2 1 1 2 1 3 13 0.2

economic

country development

Human 2 2 1 0.5 1 0.33 1 7.83 0.12

Financial 4 3 3 1 3 1 2 17 0.26

Institutes 3 2 1 0.33 1 0.5 1 8.83 0.14

Dean of the Faculty of International Business of Omsk State University, Doctor of Economics Yuri Dus expressed his opinion to Governor Alexander Burkov about the extreme severity of the problem of economic personnel in the region. At the request of BK55, the dean of the FMB explained what the reduction of state-funded places in city universities could mean for the Omsk region.

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- Last month, on September 3, Governor Alexander Burkov met with students and teachers of Omsk State University, at which I had the opportunity to draw the attention of the head of the region to the problem of the almost complete absence of state-funded places in the city's universities in economic specialties. And although federal universities are not in the competence of local authorities, the regional leadership should do everything possible to rectify the situation. The lack of personnel today will become a serious problem for the city tomorrow, and this problem should have been solved yesterday!

Let me explain why this is so important. The material basis of the life of any region is the economy. Every year, the Omsk region requires up to 1,500 economists and managers with higher education for the normal functioning of the economy (for development + filling vacancies + replacing those leaving). This year, the Ministry of Education did not allocate budgetary places for economic specialties for Omsk universities at all; 50 state-funded places in the Omsk branch of the Financial University were received from the Ministry of Finance. As for commercial places, in total at Omsk State University, Omsk State Technical University, SibADI and the mentioned branch, about 330 people were accepted for full-time education for money. In total, it turns out no more than 400. Thus, in four years, less than a third of the need will come to 1,500 jobs. And there will also be deductions, work not in the specialty, departure to other cities after graduation, and so on ...

In addition, graduates of schools with high USE scores, of course, aim to enter state-funded places - it is not in vain that they studied well. Since there are no such places in Omsk, these applicants have been going en masse to study on a budget in other cities for several years now.

Omsk enterprises will face understandable difficulties due to a shortage of personnel. This will affect, among other things, the science-intensive production sector, which, in addition to state funding and a technological base, requires personnel for the commercialization of developments, for successful competition in the market, including the international one! As a result, a decrease in the rate of the gross regional product, minimization of the budget, a drop in the standard of living and, in other words, an increase in social tension are inevitable.

By the way, today even the regional government complains about the shortage of qualified personnel, as the acting governor himself mentioned at the meeting. But jobs in the regional government can hardly be called unattractive. What can we say about ordinary enterprises?

Where to get specialists? In addition to the most active lobbying for the allocation of state-funded places in the Ministry of Education, the involvement of business is required. It is time for enterprises to think about target places in universities for talented children, to provide them with scholarships and grants as their future employees. In order for work in Omsk to be attractive, anyone understands that decent wages are required. Otherwise, you will have to remember, what good, about the "organizational recruitment" of the Soviet era and recruit specialists in other regions ... It will be more expensive.

Once again I appeal to the regional authorities with a request to support economic education. Without it, the economy and business of the Omsk region will collapse.

INNOVATIONS № 8 (85), 2005

Taking into account the role of the migration factor in the forecast of innovative development of Russia

Yu. P. Dus,

to. and. PhD, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of International Business

V. I. Razumov,

d. philos. Sc., Professor, Academician of the Moscow Aviation Institute, Head of the Department of Philosophy

Omsk State University F. M. Dostoevsky

The article criticizes the forecast of Russia's innovative development up to 2050 on the grounds that in solving problems of this magnitude, the factor of migration of highly qualified specialists should be taken into account. Data are presented that make it possible to assess at a qualitative level the scale of migration in the modern world economic system. Some estimates of the economic consequences of migration for developed countries are given and the share of participation of highly qualified specialists and scientists in the development of innovative sectors of the economy is shown.

Discussion of the topic of innovative development is unthinkable outside of forecasting scenarios for Russia's development, taking into account global trends. We should pay tribute to the work of the team of authors who prepared a serious forecast for the development of Russia until 2050, taking into account the role of innovations in this process. It is known that when developing a highly complex open system forecast, one of the key issues is the problem of a significant number of factors that should be taken into account in the model, and, as it may seem at first glance, all the leading factors of innovative development are taken into account in the work. In table. Table 1 provides data on the number of scientists and engineers in R&D by civilizations and leading countries. That is, at first glance, the subjective factor is also taken into account. At the same time, it is known from history that significant changes in the technological development of countries were associated with the migration of highly qualified specialists. This circumstance was taken into account by the authors of the forecast, but nothing more than a statement of the loss by the Soviet Union, and then by Russia, of a part of the human resource of innovative development, primarily in the field of high technologies.

The process of globalization is characterized by the growth of migration flows of labor resources, and the movement of highly qualified specialists and scientists is of particular importance. These flows tend to increase, including at the expense of young people, so it is advisable to imagine their leading characteristics in a capacious form. In 2000, American employers, waging a real war for increasing immigration quotas, won it - according to the new law, up to 200 thousand professionals can come to the USA every year. However, periodically

The article is based on the attempt to criticize the innovation development prognosis for the Russian Federation until the year 2050. This criticism stems form the belief that such a significant prognosis must also bear in mind the migration of highly skilled labor. This article presents evidence, which allows for a determination of the essence of the scale of migration in the modern global economic system. In addition, some of the economic consequences for developed economies are demonstrated, as well as the role of highly skilled scientists and specialists in the development of in the technology innovation branch of their national economies.

It is reported that there is an acute shortage of specialists, which in the field of computer and information technologies alone is about 400 thousand people. In the Western European IT sector, according to the head of the European Union, Romano Prodi, in 2003 the number of unoccupied jobs has doubled since 2001, rising from 1.9 to 3.8 million.

An extensive study by the Computing Technology Industry Assotiation has calculated that the shortage of computer workers alone is costing the US economy $4.5 billion annually. And the United States, like other economically developed countries, is determined to fill the gap with foreign specialists. Already today, more than 2 million qualified foreigners work in Silicon Valley companies alone - programmers, engineers, scientists. A study conducted in the late 1990s in the United States revealed striking data - 60% of American authors of the most cited works in physics and 30% in other natural sciences were of foreign origin. Approximately 25% of the founders and presidents of biotech companies were natives of other countries.

Immigrant scientists are responsible for almost 90% of all new scientific ideas (and the benefits derived from them) that have emerged in the United States in the second half of the 20th century. This situation is typical for all rich countries. The World Economic Forum website emphasizes that professionals who immigrated to Australia over the past few years have increased the country's GDP per capita by 350 Australian dollars, and if existing immigration laws

will be valid for the next 20 years, then the contribution of immigrants to Australian GDP could reach 127 billion Australian dollars.

By the way, the view of Western representatives (whether politicians or economists) on the migration of specialists and scientists has always been distinguished by pragmatic tenacity. At one time, while evaluating the consequences of the exodus of the intellectual elite from Soviet Russia, Theodore Roosevelt noted that Russia more than paid off the royal debts to the world community, giving the world an invaluable galaxy of celebrities. And more recently, Nobel laureate Gary Becker proposed to revise the 1965 immigration quotas and admit foreign specialists in unlimited quantities, emphasizing that: “America is really very dependent on foreign labor, primarily scientists and engineers. This is a fact that cannot be avoided.” Moreover, there is hardly any doubt that the business of developed countries (without loud statements) will do everything to concentrate specialists and scientists of the planet in their service.

Unfortunately, in the forecast, the migration factor, as acting throughout the forecast period, remained unaccounted for. This can be explained both by the insufficient development of this issue in foreign and domestic literature, and by the fact that by now migration looks mostly like a spontaneous, self-regulating process of moving labor resources. However, it is appropriate to consider another point of view, according to which the governments of highly developed countries, primarily the United States, have long and purposefully joined this process and take into account the factor of migration of highly qualified specialists in their socio-economic and cultural development forecasts. According to the US Competitiveness Council (chief executives of 150 corporations), and its awareness cannot cause much doubt, by 2010 about 500 thousand scientists, engineers and other specialists from Russia, CIS countries and Eastern Europe will be employed in America.

Corporations in developed countries today put under their control the main part of the human potential of science - specialists and scientists. About 2/3 of all researchers in OECD countries work in business-owned centers and laboratories. And the more powerful the corporations and the wider their opportunities to finance R&D, the higher this indicator. For example, in Japan and South Korea, the employment of scientists in the divisions of TNCs ranges from 2/3 to 3/4 of all, and in the United States - 4/5 of the available researchers work for corporations.

If we talk about the Russian situation, then from 1991 to 1996 the number of personnel engaged in scientific research decreased from 1,677.3 thousand people to 990.7 thousand (a decrease of 40.6%), and in 2002 There were 686.4 thousand active scientists (a reduction of 58.9% from the 1991 level). Until now, the reduction in the number of scientists has been so rapid that it makes it possible to predict the loss of up to half of the scientific personnel available today in the coming years. Of course, far from all of these losses are emigration (thanks to the actions of the administrators responsible for recording migration data).

governmental bodies, statistics until 2002 are almost completely absent, and according to experts, scientists can make up 2-5% of the total number of emigrants, or 0.2% of the number of people employed in the field of science and scientific services), but the fact that they left the country and leave the most significant, sought-after specialists in the world, there is no doubt. Thus, according to the US National Science Foundation (NSF), since 1990 Russia has left 70-80% of its mathematicians, 50% of theoretical physicists working at the world level. Among the top 100 most qualified scientists in the natural sciences (including academicians), more than half work permanently abroad. And if the assessments of the American Foundation are correct, then about 45 thousand former Russian specialists and scientists work for US science.

It makes sense to state also the following points. First, in the modern world-system (in I. Wallerstein's terms), an infrastructure of labor migration has already developed, where the priority is given to the flows of highly qualified specialists who ensure innovative development in the field of high technologies. Naturally, there is intense competition for control over this infrastructure. Secondly, it makes sense to talk about measuring the potential of the country's innovative development taking into account migration opportunities, that is, taking into account the ratio of exports/imports of highly qualified specialists. At the same time, it is required to analyze, as suggested by S. I. Agabekov, the prospects for high-tech development of Russia, taking into account the presence of a significant number of specialists who currently work abroad, but have retained and even increased their professional capabilities, and are ready for network contacts with their Russian colleagues. and potentially return to Russia .

The reasons for the migration of intellectuals are different, the material factor and the best opportunities for working in their specialty are far from always determining. If we turn to the fundamental research of R. Collins, it turns out that the leading factor of competition in intelligent networks is such a factor as the attention that a specialist scientist, laboratory, center attracts. This opens up additional opportunities for planning and managing the migration flows of highly qualified specialists, scientists involved in R&D in the areas of high technologies.

In line with the development of venture business, it is very promising to develop programs for attracting foreign specialists to Russia. Such projects can be supplemented and strengthened by successfully carried out over the years exchange programs for students and researchers of Russian universities, academic and industrial research institutes.

Modern innovative development on the scale of a globalizing humanity is becoming systemic. Taking into account the transition to the format of a post-industrial society, the structure and assessment of segments of capital, available and produced resources in the world is changing. Highly skilled labor, its carriers, as well as the factor of their movement, migration, are becoming increasingly important.

INNOVATIONS № 8 (85), 2005

At the same time, the migration of highly qualified specialists and 3. scientists becomes the subject of a special innovative business. Its realization is closely connected with the balance of private, state, international interests. The organization of such a business, taking into account the coordination of the activities and interests of technology parks, venture firms, government agencies, research and educational centers, banks 5, should be considered as a task of the country's strategic development. The complex nature of this task is 6. focused on the action in the modern world of military-political, geo-economic, geo-cultural factors of dominance, and its solution should be manifested in the corresponding directions 8 of the policy of modern Russia. One of the results of this policy should be a state program for the migration of highly qualified specialists.

cations and scientists for the period up to 2030.

Literature

1. Yu. V. Yakovets, B. N. Kuzyk, V. I. Kushlin. Forecast of Russia's innovative development for the period up to 2050, taking into account global trends 11.// Innovations. 2005. No. 1 (78). pp. 44-53.

2. Yu. V. Yakovets, B. N. Kuzyk, and V. I. Kushlin. Forecast of Russia's innovative development for the period up to 2050, taking into account global trends. // Innovations. 2005. No. 2 (79). pp. 19-28.

M. Wolf. Green card on the German field. // http://pcweek.ru/ Year2001/Nl2/CPl251/Strategy/; S. Galkin. Programmers. Business Information Agency //http://arc-2002.narod.ru/arj/programmist.html

The Economist. 1999. August 21-27. P. 40; Migration and security in Russia / Ed. G. Vitkovskaya. M.: Interdialect +, 2000. S. 122; World Economic Forum // http:/ /www.welforum.ru

M. Tripolsky. Immigration: scientists instead of relatives?

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B. V. Valyukov. "Brain drain" from Russia: problems and ways of regulation. // Migration of Russian specialists: causes, consequences, assessments. Issue. VI. Migration Research Program. M., 1994. S. 22.

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2004// www.oecd.org A. Z. Seleznev. Financing science in Russia: declarations and reality. // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2003. No. 3 // http://www.inti.kz/ develop/document/f62.htm

O. Zharenova, N. Kechil, E. Pakhomov. Intellectual migration of Russians. Near and far abroad. M .: Center for Political Research, Publishing house "GNOM and D", 2002. S. 16-17. I. Wallerstein. The End of the Familiar World: Sociology of the 21st Century. Moscow: Logos, 2004; I. Wallerstein. Russia and the capitalist world-economy.//Free Thought. 1996. No. 5. S. 37.

S. I. AGABEKOV System aspects of high-tech modernization in Russia // System approach in modern science. M.: Progress-Tradition, 2004. S. 222-234.

R. Collins. Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change. Novosibirsk: Siberian Chronograph, 2002.

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