Guys, Happy Defender of the Fatherland Day, you! All the best!

Finally, the time has come to finish my "presentation" to the Credo-Transkor.
I am very grateful to Yusu for the calculations, which remarkably supplement my conclusions.
The essence of my claim, expressed in message #5, is that Transcor does not allow to strictly implement coordinate calculations within the framework of the transition between the GCS and the MSC of the city.
Indeed, if we recall the topic starter's question and my second example, it turns out that the transition keys I have (Lo, Xo, Yo, xo, yo, Ho) are not enough to solve the problem using Transcore tools. They simply cannot be implemented as initial data to start using them. Compare my keys given in the second example and the final plate of the respected YUS in message #18. Is it one and the same? It turns out that in order to introduce the parameters of the MSC city into Transcore, you first need to play enough with the options of this software for the probabilistic solution of the problem of determining transition keys, find some suitable option, and only then tackle the solution of the main problem. To describe this intellectual procedure, I like the definition - to get the right ear with the left hand from under the right knee. Well, not very convenient.
Further. My second example contains data (with the exception of paragraph 7c, in which I made a mistake when typing a number) according to formulas that I systematized from available sources, announced in the same message No. 5, and tested them as best I could. In my tests, the three calculation algorithms gave mm convergence among themselves, as well as in direct and inverse calculations. But I could not repeat these tests with Credo-Transcore. Similar to the US calculations, I got different transition parameters that did not match the known keys. As a result, I came to the conclusion that Transcore uses its own algorithms. In the technical description, I saw simply erroneous formulas ... Apparently, the description and real algorithms are not the same thing.
Now the last one. It concerns probabilistic (defined by a group of points with coordinates in a pair of SC) and deterministic (incorporated during the formation of the MSC) transition keys. Probabilistic keys can only be used for approximate adjustment of the SC. For example, when creating a reference geodetic network, or air defense, which will be aligned with fixing the coordinates of points in the MCS. They can also be used to set up work in the RTK mode, but in a limited area and with mandatory checks at known points.
To solve the critical tasks of mass transformation of the coordinates of points from the GCS to the MCS of the city and vice versa, just as they were set by the topikstarter, it is necessary to use exclusively deterministic keys. And Credo-Transcore is not yet an assistant here.

Every time, when going fishing or hunting in absolutely unfamiliar places, far from the bustle of people, when laying the route of the movement, more than once the idea was set to realize a convenient

, which will allow

translate GPS coordinates

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decimal format maps Google, Yandex

in

coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds

used in

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, and vice versa.

Certainly

translation of GPS coordinates

you can do it manually, armed with a regular calculator, or write a small program in Microsoft Excel, as I did before. Converting minutes to decimal degrees is quite simple, it is only important to remember that there are 60 seconds in one minute, and 60 minutes in one degree. But manually recalculating is quite long and tedious, which can lead to errors.

GPS coordinate converter online

when writing the coordinate format, the following abbreviations are used: DD / YY - degrees, MM - minutes, SS / SS - seconds, if minutes and seconds are presented as decimal fractions, then they simply write

DD.dddddd

,

MM.mmm

or

SS.s

. For example:

-

YY.yyyy°

/

DD.dddddd°

: 50.234567, 35.234567;

-

YG°MM"SS.s"

/

DD°MM"SS.s"

: 50°23"45.7", 35°23"45.7";

-

YY°MM.mmm"

/

DD°MM.mmm"

: 50°23.457", 35°23.457";

- ✴

YY MM.mmm

/ ✴

DDMM.mmm

, where ✴ - side of the world (N,E,S,W): N50 23.457 E35 23.457.

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-

YY.yyyy°

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- decimal degrees (used on

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Yandex

);

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YG°MM"SS.s"

/

DD°MM"SS.s"

- degrees, minutes, seconds, fractions of seconds;

-

YY°MM.mmm"

/

DD°MM.mmm"

- degrees, decimal minutes;

- ✴

YY MM.mmm

/ ✴

DDMM.mmm

- degrees, decimal minutes (used in

GPS navigators

Garmin

).

In addition, you can see the result of the translation of the original

GPS coordinates

straightaway to all 3 other formats.

For translate

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and press the button "Convert" or key "Enter". When entering initial

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gives you the opportunity to choose a convenient input method: latitude and longitude in one input field (useful when copying

coordinates of Google, Yandex maps

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Coordinate system converter

Coordinate converter MSK, SK-42/63, PZ-90, WGS-84

		-- Choice of coordinate system --
0.00 X ↔ Y		0.00 X ↔ Y

Want to convert coordinates from one coordinate system to another?

Here you can convert point coordinates from local coordinate systems (CS) used in Russia to world coordinate systems or vice versa, as well as from one local CS to another local one. You can recalculate at a time both one point and entire contours.

The need for recalculation arises, for example, when determining the position of a point on a public cadastral map that works in the world coordinate system WGS-84 (Mercator projection), other mapping services also use WGS-84 (longitude and latitude): Google.Maps, Yandex.Maps , OpenStreet, etc.

Instruction:

Select the source coordinate system from the drop-down list on the left, the target coordinate system on the right. Enter the coordinates in the left text field. Enter one point (point) in one line, separate the coordinates from each other in the line: Tab, semicolon, space, or comma. The integer part of the fractional - a dot, or a comma (if it is not used as a separator). When entering longitude and latitude, enter values ​​in degrees and decimal degrees, separating the integer part from the decimal point. Click on the button Convert. You can change the conversion direction with the button. To clear text fields, click the button Clear.

Advice: You can open the series program and select the entire table with coordinates, click on the button Copy in the program, and then paste this information into the left field of the converter, press the button Convert.

Attention: the "inside" converter works in a mathematical coordinate system, so if you are converting from a geodetic coordinate system (local coordinate system), then check the X ↔ Y checkbox on the left side. If you are converting from the world SC, for example, WGS 84, then you do not need to check this box, since this system is mathematical. To get the output coordinates in the desired sequence, use the X ↔ Y checkbox on the right side. You can round the coordinates to hundredths: both before conversion - left tick 0.00, and after - right tick 0.00.

Attention: with a large number of points, the recalculation may take some time. If the operation takes too long, then refresh the page with the F5 key. Convert less information at one time.

The service is free. The number of convertible points is not limited.

The service works for free, but you can thank us:

• Share the link on social networks
• Write on the forums about this service
• Tell colleagues about the existence of this service
• Write a review for

O.V. Belenkov (ZAO KB "Panorama")
In 1986 he graduated from the Faculty of Applied Mathematics of the Kharkov VVKIURV named after. N.I. Krylov. After graduating from college, he served in the ranks of the RF Armed Forces. From 2006 to the present - Deputy General Director, Chief Designer of CJSC KB "Panorama".
R.A. Demidenko (ZAO KB "Panorama")
In 2010, he graduated from the Faculty of Economics and Territory Management of MIIGAiK with a degree in urban cadastre. Currently, he is a cartographer, specialist of the technical support service of CJSC KB "Panorama".

Local coordinate systems (LCS) are established for carrying out geodetic and topographic works during engineering surveys, construction and operation of buildings and structures, land surveying, cadastral maintenance and other special works. A mandatory requirement when establishing the WCS is to ensure the possibility of transition from the local coordinate system to the national coordinate system through the use of transition parameters (keys) .

On the territory of Russia and the CIS countries for more than 50 years, the system of flat rectangular coordinates of 1942 (introduced by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of April 7, 1946 No. 760) was used as the state coordinate system, which is a system of flat rectangular coordinates in the Gaussian projection. Kruger. This system makes it possible to uniquely calculate the geodetic coordinates B and L and meets the following conditions:

• the image on the plane is conformal;
• the axial meridian and the equator are depicted on the projection plane by straight lines taken as the abscissa and ordinate axes;
• the point of intersection of the axial meridian with the equator is taken as the origin;
• the image scale of the axial meridian is constant and equal to one.

Since the scale of the image at an arbitrary point increases with distance from the axial meridian, then to reduce distortion, the projection of the image of the earth's surface onto the ellipsoid is performed by zones with a width of 60 in longitude. In SK-42, the Krasovsky ellipsoid was adopted as the reference ellipsoid.

On July 1, 2002, the system of flat rectangular coordinates SK-95 and the new general earth system PZ-90 were introduced as state coordinate systems (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2000 No. 568). Both SK-42 and SK-95 use a system of flat rectangular coordinates in the Gauss-Kruger projection and the Krasovsky ellipsoid. At the same time, in SK-95, the orientation parameters of the ellipsoid in the body of the Earth are set so that the spatial coordinates of the starting point (Pulkovo) in SK-95 coincide with the coordinates in SK-42. Therefore, the transition to SK-95 is associated only with the preparation and reissue of catalogs of coordinates and heights of points of the state geodetic network of Russia.

For the open use of cartographic materials in solving various engineering problems and performing cadastral work, the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers No. 208-76 of February 14, 1963 introduced the conditional coordinate system of 1963 (SK-63) in the USSR. This system of flat rectangular coordinates was developed on the basis of the state coordinate system of 1942. From October 1, 2009, local coordinate systems must be used for cadastral purposes in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to, on the territory of the Moscow Region, since October 1, 2009, the state real estate cadastre has been maintained in the local coordinate system MSK-50. This coordinate system was developed on the basis of the conditional coordinate system SK-63. In the local coordinate systems of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and in SK-63, exact Gaussian projection formulas are used, which provide coordinate recalculations with an error of no more than 1 mm at distances from the axial meridian up to 90 .

Modern spatial data processing technologies are based on the use of instrumental geographic information systems (GIS) software. In GIS, a graphical representation of the area is displayed in the form of an electronic map. Most modern GIS provide support for the most common projections and coordinate systems.

The GIS "Map 2008" provides for the transition to flat rectangular coordinates in the local coordinate system from the following coordinate systems: SK-42, SK-95, SK-63 and WGS-84 (Fig. 1). To do this, you must specify in relation to which base coordinate system the WCS is created. For example, for a local coordinate system created relative to CK-63, it is enough to specify the letter identifier of the area, the numerical number of the zone, and the coordinate offsets along the X and Y axes, which can be determined from the catalog of point coordinates specified in CK-63 and WCS.

Fig.1 Changing the parameters of the coordinate system

Fig.2 Project parameters for land management documentation

Fig.3 Metrics of the object on the map and in the boundary plan

After entering the parameters of the WCS, you can view and edit the coordinates of objects and generate reports with catalogs of point coordinates both in the WCS and in the map coordinate system. In this case, preliminary transformation or recalculation of map coordinates is not required.

GIS "Map 2008" allows you to store the coordinates of objects with a given accuracy (up to micrometers, centimeters, millimeters). Transformation of coordinates of objects from GCS to WCS is performed according to conversion formulas, including trigonometric functions. Rounding of coordinates is carried out according to the maximum possible accuracy - up to microns. In accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the values ​​of the coordinates of the points of the reference boundary network, the state geodetic network or the coordinates of the characteristic points of the boundaries of land plots in the boundary plan are indicated with rounding up to 0.01 m.

It is possible to achieve the required representation of coordinates when generating land management documentation using the GIS "Map 2008" using the settings of the geodetic editor (Fig. 2). It is also possible to select the type of coordinate system: map coordinate system or local coordinate system. These settings are used when generating land management documentation using templates developed by the user (Fig. 3) . Reports can be generated in both Microsoft Office Word and Open Office.org Writer.

The described mechanism of automatic coordinate recalculation provides the possibility of processing data from geodetic receivers of the global navigation satellite systems GLONASS (based on PZ-90.02) and GPS (based on WGS-84), which determine the location of objects in the global geocentric coordinate system (WGS-84). In this case, the measured coordinates of objects are recalculated almost "on the fly" into the specified coordinate system of the map and displayed on it. For these purposes, it is necessary to specify in the program the coordinate system in which field measurements are performed, and the coordinate system for displaying the object.

Thus, the GIS "Map 2008" software tools allow you to perform a set of works from processing field geodetic measurements obtained in the general earth (geocentric) coordinate system to the formation of land management documentation in the local coordinate system, in accordance with the requirements and .

Bibliography

1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 3, 2007 No. 139 “On Approval of the Rules for Establishing Local Coordinate Systems”.
2. Order of the Department of the Federal Agency for the Cadastre of Real Estate Objects in the Moscow Region dated August 11, 2009 No. 151 "On approval of the scheme for implementing the technology of centralized state cadastral registration of real estate in the Moscow Regional Cadastral District".
3. Gerasimov A.P. Local coordinate systems // Geoprofi. - 2009. - No. 4. - S. 32–34.
4. Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Economic Development of Russia) dated November 24, 2008 No. 412 “On approval of the form of a land survey plan and requirements for its preparation, an approximate form of a notice of a meeting on agreeing on the location of land boundaries”.
5. Demidenko A.G. Formation of a boundary plan using the GIS "Map 2008" // Geoprofi. - 2009. - No. 1. - S. 28–31.

Information is given on the state, conventional and local coordinate systems (SK-42, SK-95, SK-63 and MSK-50). It is marked that in every RF subject the land use documentation should be compiled in the local coordinate system according to the current Russian regulatory standards. Capabilities of the "Karta 2008" GIS to fulfill the complex of the works from processing field geodetic measurements obtained in the global (geocentric) coordinate system and up to the formation of the land use documentation in the local coordinate system are described.

* "geodetic coordinate system of 2011 (GSK-2011) - for use in the implementation of geodetic and cartographic work";

* "Global geocentric coordinate system" Options

Lands of 1990" (PZ-90.11) - for use in geodetic support of orbital flights and solving navigation problems".

The system of geodetic coordinates PZ-90.11 is used in the domestic satellite global navigation system GLONASS. The conditions for the transition to the PZ-90.11 coordinate system must be provided by January 1, 2014. Ensuring the creation and operation of GSK-2011 geodetic points is entrusted to the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography.

In fact, in addition to the noted coordinate systems, other geodetic coordinate systems are currently used on the territory of the Russian Federation:

1. Coordinate system of 1942 (SK-42). The coordinate system of 1942 - a unified system of geodetic coordinates and heights for the territory of the USSR was introduced in 1946. (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of April 7, 1946 No. 960). At the heart of this coordinate system is the Krasovsky ellipsoid. When creating maps in this system, a conformal Gauss-Kruger projection of an ellipsoid onto a plane is used.

2. The unified state system of geodetic coordinates of 1995 (SK-95) - established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2000. No. 568.

3. The system of geodetic coordinates of 1963 (SK-63) is a coordinate system with a 3-degree zone.

4. Local systems of geodetic coordinates, for example, regions, cities, including modified coordinate systems (designation of axes as in a mathematical system) for automated systems (MSCA).

The local (conditional) system of geodetic coordinates (MSC) is established “... in relation to a limited territory not exceeding the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the origin of coordinates and the orientation of the coordinate axes of which are shifted with respect to the origin of coordinates and the orientation of the coordinate axes of the unified state coordinate system, used in the implementation of geodetic and cartographic work ... "(Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 3, 2007 N 139 "On approval of the Rules for establishing local coordinate systems").

Cadastral districts may use different systems of geodetic coordinates. In each cadastral district, the main system of geodetic coordinates is allocated, on the basis of which an on-duty cadastral plan (map) of the territory of the corresponding cadastral district is maintained. So, in the Republic of Tatarstan, the local coordinate system MSK-16 is used.

The introduction of a system of geodetic coordinates, for example, for a subject of the Russian Federation, must be comprehensively justified and determined by the needs of the subject of the Russian Federation, to occur in compliance with the established rules.

A mandatory requirement when establishing local geodetic coordinate systems is to ensure the possibility of transition from the local coordinate system to the state geodetic coordinate system. This transition is carried out using transition parameters (keys).

5. WGS-84 (World Geodetic System) -- is the world system of geodetic parameters of the Earth in 1984, used in the global navigation system GPS "Navstar".

The listed systems of geodetic coordinates, one way or another, are also used in the creation and maintenance of the state land cadastre, the cadastre of real estate, in the production of land cadastral works. Their use is dictated by the geodetic technologies used, as well as the requirements for the accuracy of collecting cadastral data, in particular, for the accuracy of calculating land areas. For example, the practical application of satellite geodetic equipment involves the use of both the PZ-90 and WGS-84 geodetic coordinate systems. The use of different systems of geodetic coordinates implies the presence of transition keys between these systems.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation (RF) No. 1463 dated December 28, 2012 No. (point 2) the following is defined: the system of geodetic coordinates of 1995 (SK-95), the system of geodetic coordinates of 1942 (SK-42) are applied until January 1, 2017.

1. Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2007 N 221-FZ "On the State Cadastre of Real Estate". 2. Federal Law of December 26, 1995 N 209-FZ "On Geodesy and Cartography". 3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 3, 2007 N 139, Moscow. "On Approval of the Rules for Establishing Local Coordinate Systems". 4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2012 N 1463, Moscow. "On Unified State Coordinate Systems".

5. Unified state system of geodetic coordinates of 1995. M.: TsNIIGAiK, 2000.