What are the types of translations. Main types of translation

Often, when a person picks up the Holy Scriptures for the first time, the question arises, what translations of the Bible exist? The answer to this question depends, in particular, on the believer's choice - in which translation to read the Bible. Today, there are two classical translations of this sacred book for Christians into Russian - Church Slavonic and Russian Synodal, as well as a modern Russian translation.

Church Slavonic translation

Bible in Church Slavonic appeared in Russia in the first centuries of its Christianization thanks to the labors of the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius. The brothers themselves, who were from Byzantium, by order of the emperor, went to the Moravian prince to preach about Christ in the native language of the Slavic peoples.

For this, Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius created the alphabet, named after one of them Cyrillic, and then they translated Scripture and books for worship into Slavonic.

As a result of the fact that the Slavic translation of the Bible began to be used in services, the Church Slavonic language gradually formed. It was almost never used in everyday life, but for the Church it became the main language. It is such today, and therefore Orthodox believers should, if possible, be able to read and understand the Bible, first of all, in this language.

Synodal translation

When answering the question, what are the translations of the Bible into Russian, it is worth mentioning Synodal translation, which is by far the most popular.

The synodal translation of the Holy Scriptures was carried out in the 19th century in order to make this book accessible to the maximum number of inhabitants of the Russian Empire. It so happened that by the 19th century, few in Russia could freely read and understand sacred texts in Church Slavonic. In addition, by publishing the Bible in Russian, Emperor Alexander I wanted to support the development of the Russian Bible Society (RBS) in Russia, created shortly before that, similar to similar European societies.

The translation of Scripture into Russian was carried out by a specially created commission under the Synod under the leadership of the Vice-President of the RBO, Archimandrite Filaret (Drozdov), later a saint, Metropolitan of Moscow. The RBO itself published the book in parts.

The New Testament was the first to be completely translated into Russian in 1820. In 1823 it would have been printed along with the Old Testament Psalter. The Old Testament itself was completely translated and published in 1876. Thus, it was from the second half of the 19th century that the main holy book of Christians became available to the majority of the inhabitants of Russia.

Modern translation

Relatively recently, in the early 2010s, a modern Russian translation of the Bible came out, the authors of which were M. Seleznev (Old Testament) and V. Kuznetsova (New Testament).

From the moment of publication to the present day, there has been an active discussion of the quality of this translation of the Bible. Someone speaks positively, someone criticizes.

However, it is important to note here that the main task of this translation was to make the Holy Scripture more accessible to the understanding of the modern reader, often not even a churchman, who finds it difficult to understand even the Synodal translation. To evaluate such a publication, you can personally read the Bible in a modern translation, as well as learn the advice of priests, which are available, for example, on the Internet.

What is the best translation of the Bible to read?

When choosing one or another translation of the Bible that is convenient for himself, an Orthodox person should focus on several points.

First of all, it is, of course, following the church tradition, which, for example, makes it desirable to understand the Bible in Church Slavonic. At least in some minimal amount. Then it will be easier for a person, for example, at a divine service, where all the texts are read and sung in Church Slavonic.

The second, and no less important point, is the understanding of the essence of what is read. It’s good, of course, to read the Bible in the living language of the Church, but if nothing of what you read is clear, then perhaps it’s better to start with the Synodal Translation, which is also approved for reading by the Church.

The question may also arise, what is the most accurate translation of the Bible? It is worth noting here that the Church Slavonic translation undoubtedly more fully reflects the essence, the spirit of the original Holy Scripture, but one should not think that the Synodal Translation is unreliable in this regard. No, this translation simply sets out the same text in a more accessible and understandable language for a modern person. At the same time, the translators of the Synodal edition undoubtedly tried to preserve the spirit of the Word of God.

In any case, whatever translation you are interested in, you will always find the necessary edition in our online store.

There are two main classifications of types of translation:

- by the nature of the translated texts - connected with genre and stylistic features of the original

- by the nature of speech actions translator in the process of translation - linked to psycholinguistic features of speech actions in written and oral form.

Genre-stylistic classification:

Artistic (literary) translation - translation of works of fiction; a type of translation activity, the main task of which is to generate a speech work on the TL that can have an artistic and aesthetic impact on the PR.

Informative (special) translation is the translation of texts, the main function of which is to communicate some information, and not to have an artistic and aesthetic impact on the reader.

Literary translation

The mountain tops were hidden in a gray waste of sky... (A. Cronin)

The mountain tops sank into the gray sky. (Translated by M. Abkina)

Subtypes of literary translation:

poetry translation,

translation of plays,

Translation of satirical works,

Translation of fiction,

Translation of lyrics, etc.

Subspecies of informative translation:

Materials of scientific, business, socio-political, domestic and other nature.

Translation of many detective stories, travelogues, essays and similar works where informational narrative predominates.

Psycholinguistic classification - takes into account the way of perception of the original and creation of the translated text, subdivides translation activities into written translation and interpretation.

Written translation - a type of translation in which speech works combined in an act of interlingual communication (the original and the translated text) appear in the translation process in the form of fixed texts that the translator can repeatedly refer to.

This enables the translator to re-perceive segments of the translated text, compare them with the corresponding segments of the translation, make any necessary changes to the translation text before presenting the translation to the Receptor, i.e. before the completion of the translation process.

Oral translation - this is a type of translation in which the original and its translation appear in the translation process in an unfixed form, which predetermines the one-time perception of segments of the original by the translator and the impossibility of subsequent comparison or correction of the translation after it has been completed.

In oral translation, the creation of the translation text can occur either in parallel with the perception of the original, or after the perception of the original is completed. Accordingly, two subspecies of oral translation are distinguished: simultaneous translation and consecutive translation.

Simultaneous translation - this is a method of oral translation, in which the interpreter, listening to the speech of the speaker, almost simultaneously (with a slight delay of -2-3 seconds) pronounces the translation.

A variety of simultaneous translation is the so-called. "whispering" when the interpreter is placed next to the Receptor and tells him the translation in an undertone with or without headphones and a microphone.

Consecutive translation - This is a method of oral translation in which the interpreter begins to translate after the speaker has stopped speaking, having finished the whole speech or some part of it. The size of the translated segment of speech can be different: from a single statement to a text of a significant volume, which the speaker spoke for 20-30 minutes or more.

A special type of use of written text in interpreting is the so-called. “Sight translation”, when an interpreter orally translates a written original for Receptors without regard to any oral presentations, i.e. not in the process of translating the speaker's speech.

Differences between interpretation and translation

Time factor.

Uneven segments of the original.

The nature of communication with participants in interlingual communication.

Language ratio

- "two-way translation" - change of languages during translation.

Speech compression - deliberate compression of the text in the process of translation.

The need for compression is determined by the fact that the conditions of oral (especially simultaneous) translation do not always allow transferring the content of the original as fully as in written translation.

The basis of what a translator does is immediately clear: the translation of information from one language into another. Moreover, this information can be different: text, speech, on general topics or highly specialized ones. Therefore, there are several specializations of the profession of an interpreter: translator, technical, consecutive interpreter, simultaneous interpreter, etc.

Of course, the specifics of work, knowledge and skills, and just the psychological characteristics of such specialists can differ significantly: someone does an excellent job with translating texts, but it is difficult for them to work in real time. On the contrary, it is easier for someone to translate a live conversation, and sitting at a table with books for a long time is uninteresting and uncomfortable.

What are translators

Indeed, there are a lot of specializations of translators, we will highlight only the main ones.

Interpreters

Probably, almost everyone has seen television footage when someone from the podium makes a speech in one language, and all the listeners who speak other languages are sitting in headphones. Here is the most obvious example of simultaneous translation: the interpreter hears the speech directly and instantly translates it into the required language.

There is nothing supernatural here: science has already proven that under any circumstances, more than 50% of the words used in any language are absolutely standard - so to speak, at the everyday level. In addition, interpreters often receive the finished text of the report in advance, translate it also in advance, and during the performance itself, they only have to check the oral speech with the written one.

Consecutive interpreters

Quite often, important business negotiations that require translation are conducted on the principle of conversation and translation of proposals or their parts. That is, a specialist receives information, spends a little time on its careful processing and issues it in another language in a form that is as close as possible in meaning to the original.

Compared to simultaneous translation, negotiations take a little longer, but the information is transmitted much more accurately.

Written technical translators

Such translators are required to have in-depth knowledge of the relevant industry and highly specialized terminology. The essence of the work of such specialists is the usual translation of technical texts.

Fiction translators

The peculiarity of the work of a literary translator is that he himself must be a bit of an artist, an author, since in some situations he has to “redraw” the original so that it is understandable to his reader, and not to a bearer of another culture.

For example, Lermontov's poem "Mountain peaks sleep in the darkness of the night ..." is a translation of a verse by the German poet Goethe! Moreover, a free translation - Lermontov "played" with the text. But there are translations of other strong poets - say, Bryusov and Annenkov. They are closer to the original, but people remember and liked the Lermontov version more, because it turned out to be closer to us, and not to Goethe!

Or a more modern version - in the 90s, fans of American fiction got tired of laughing at the phrases of low-grade translators like "he confidently walked along the imperial starship, rattling his uniform boots, holding on to the lapel of a tunic hung with all the orders of the Empire." Did you submit a picture? Uniform boots and a Greek tunic with a lapel and in orders? The translator is not. But if you know that the English tunic is not only a tunic, but also a tunic, then the picture becomes absolutely normal. And all you had to do in the process of working was to imagine a picture and understand that it was ridiculous, and look for an error.

Places of work

Translators are needed almost everywhere: in government agencies, in publishing houses and simply in commercial companies. I would especially like to note travel agencies where guides or tour guides work, who are also translators.

Responsibilities of an interpreter

The job responsibilities of a translator can vary significantly depending on the type of work, but in general they are:

oral and/or written translation;
consecutive translation during business meetings;
translations of texts, letters and documentation;
editing translations made by other employees;
linguistic support for events, etc.

Requirements for a translator

Most often, the requirements for a translator look quite simple - excellent command of a foreign language and the ability to do oral and (or) written translation.

This may require:

the presence of higher education (as a rule, profile);
knowledge of any terminology;
ethics of business communication;
computer possession.

Sample CV of a translator

How to become a translator

It is sometimes possible to become a translator without special education, just knowing a foreign language perfectly. This will allow you to get a job, if, of course, you are lucky and someone believes in your abilities. For a simpler and more reliable employment, it is better to get a higher education by becoming a philologist or linguist.

Translator salary

It is difficult to say how much a translator earns, because many of them work from home and are paid by the piece. And the official incomes of these specialists vary greatly - they can range from 10 to 100 thousand rubles a month and even higher.

Of course, the earnings of translators directly depend on the popularity of the language: English is taught more often than Japanese or Chinese. Therefore, the "English" find work faster, but their salaries are usually low. But the "Japanese" and "Chinese" are much smaller, and the demand for them is small, but the tariff rates are much higher.

The average salary of a translator is about 40 thousand rubles per month (data obtained from open information about vacancies).

Sedykh, A.P.

C-28 Bilateral Translation Manual: French and Russian / A.P. Sedykh, V. Bene, V.R. Galiaskarova. - Belgorod: Publishing House of BelGU, 2008. - 208 p.

The textbook is intended for students of faculties and departments of foreign languages of universities preparing translators in the main specialty French (IV course). The textbook is designed to consolidate the previously laid down practical foundations of translation and improve the professional skills of two-way translation both from Russian into French and from French into Russian.

BBK 81.2 Fr

Foreword

Translation is an art

N.M. Lyubimov

This publication is a practical manual on the university program aspect "Practical course of translation" and is intended for students of faculties and departments of foreign languages of universities that train translators in the main specialty of the French language. The textbook is designed to consolidate the previously laid down practical foundations of translation and improve the professional skills of two-way translation both from Russian into French and from French into Russian.

The settlement stage covers the 7th and 8th semesters (IV course).

At this stage of training, skills in the field of conveying the meaning of a word are developed, consolidated and automated in three main aspects:

1) there is no dictionary match to the original in the target language;

2) compliance is incomplete;

3) different meanings of the word IL correspond to different words in the TL.

The didactic and methodological objectives of the course are:

1. Development of students' scientific approach to translation activities.

2. Formation and expansion of the range of skills and abilities of two-way translation.

3. Mastering the basic complex of translation transformations.

4. Preparation for professional activity.

Particular attention is paid to the role of the context (narrow and wide) in the transfer of the meaning of the FL. The skills of transferring non-equivalent vocabulary and false equivalents are developed and automated.

As you know, in the fourth year, the foundations of proficiency in two-way written and oral translation are laid. As educational materials, original artistic, socio-political, general language, technical texts and their translations (recognized meters and author's) are used. Additional material for translation consists of monologic and dialogic texts reflecting patterns of communicative behavior of representatives of the two nations. The paremic fund is widely used in the work.

The textbook consists of two parts, appendices, bibliography and abbreviations. The first part "Basic concepts and types of translation activities" has a theoretical focus. Here are sections that tell about the profession of a translator, and the types of translation, the types of translation transformations, translation models, and the algorithm for working on a text. This also includes material on technical and simultaneous translation, on the general genre features of translation. The first part of the "commandments" of the interpreter and the section on the specifics of the translation of profanity complete.

The second part contains material for practical work on developing the skills of two-way translation.

The work begins with language and translation exercises of a transformational plan and is carried out in three stages:

1) comparative analysis of the texts of the foreign language and the translation, substantiation of the legitimacy of the translation option;

2) doing exercises;

3) control work (test) using the original language material.

Applications - reference and informative part of the textbook. Here you will find a dictionary of translator's false friends, sample translations, a glossary of French translation terms and their Russian equivalents, a brief glossary of translation terms and learning dialogues for two-way translation.

The educational material includes the most common lexical and grammatical phenomena, various types of phrases and speech clichés, designed to ensure mastery of the basics of translation and interpretation within important life phenomena, and is not always characterized by normative correctness.

In the fourth year, lexical material (about 1500 lexical units) related to socio-political, household and business topics is subject to assimilation. These lexemes, mostly stylistically neutral, are the most common and are characterized by a high degree of compatibility. However, the translated corpus also includes elements of everyday colloquial speech, as well as phraseological units, proverbs, sayings.

The authors tried to ensure that the textbook was educational, pragmatic and cognitive in nature, in other words, aimed at active independent work on the material for translation. We hope that our manual will be useful not only for students, but also for practicing translators.

Part I

Basic concepts and types

translation activities

Profession "translator" and types of translation

In order to become a good translator, it is not enough just to master the vocabulary and grammar of the language being studied, it is necessary to master the pragmatic and communicative components of linguistic phenomena, as well as the skills and abilities to use translation transformations. But the process of translation is not a mechanical search and use of equivalent language substitutions, but sometimes a creative act of comprehending incoming information for its adequate transmission by means of another language in order to ensure the success of communication, whether it be simultaneous or literary translation.

There are the following three global types of translation: oral, written and machine.

Interpreters they usually work at negotiations, conferences, exhibitions, seminars, as well as when showing films. As a rule, in such cases, interpreters use two main types of interpretation: consistent or synchronous. Moreover, translators usually specialize in one of them, since each method of translation requires special language and psychological preparation.

Consecutive translation- this is the translation of individual sentences or semantic parts of a sentence in pauses that the speaker specifically makes for the translator. The main thing here is the ability to memorize (in addition to knowing the language, of course) relatively long statements while thinking about the translation in parallel. Consecutive translation is usually used at protocol events, when accompanied by delegations, during business negotiations. It is very important for a consecutive interpreter to be a good psychologist: to understand non-verbal ways of communication, such as gestures and facial expressions. Usually, if possible, the specialist prepares for each new job: collects information about the person or group of people who will be translated, about their activities; compiles a glossary of new words and terms.

Simultaneous translation- a more modern, progressive and complex way of translation. In a broad sense, simultaneous translation is oral translation, carried out almost simultaneously with the pronunciation of a message in the source language, as a type of bilingual communicative speech activity (synchronous listening and speaking). Simultaneous interpreters are communication extremes. The extreme components of this type of translation include: lack of time, setting the rate of speech from the outside, listening comprehension, limited volume of information processing per unit of text.

In the oral incarnation, there is another translation profession - guide-interpreter. For successful work in this specialty, it is necessary to know not only the language, but also to have good knowledge in a particular area of human activity: history, politics, culture, geography, economics, etc.

Written translation includes a wide range of translation products, from literary translation to the translation of safety instructions. In any case, we should talk about the adequacy of the translation. Adequate translation- translation that provides the tasks of the translation act at the highest possible level of equivalence, avoiding violation of the norms of a foreign language and assuming full genre and stylistic correspondence to the original.

The quality of a translation is determined on the basis of an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the translation:

● the degree of deviation from the content of the original text, namely: a gross distortion of the meaning or inaccuracy of the translation, not conveying or incorrectly conveying some part of the content of the original, but not completely distorting its meaning;

● Roughness of the translation of a stylistic nature, associated with an unsuccessful choice of a word or a cumbersome construction of a phrase and requiring editorial correction, although not affecting the accuracy of the transmitted information;

● all sorts of violations of the norm or custom of the target language (word combination rules, grammar rules, spelling and punctuation rules).

Depending on the tasks set by the source of translation, the following types of written translation are distinguished: adapted, incomplete, annotative, abstract, aspect, abbreviated, fragmentary, free translation.

Adapted translation is used to reduce and simplify the source text in order to make the translated text accessible to a reader who does not have the knowledge that would be required to fully understand the message contained in the original. Transformation (adaptation) can be based on lexico-semantic, grammatical and stylistic transformations of the original text, applied in order to reduce or simplify it in general.

Incomplete translation - a translation that conveys the semantic content of the original with omissions and abbreviations.

Annotational translation is a translation that reflects the main theme, subject and purpose of the translated text. The abstract is a short, concise description of the content and a list of the main issues of the source text. Annotated translation is a type of translation that consists in compiling an annotation of the original in the target language. The language of annotation translation should be concise, precise and at the same time simple, devoid of complex syntactic constructions. Passive-reflexive constructions of the type are often introduced into the text: reported, described, outlined, etc. The use of terminology, abbreviations, symbols in annotative translation must comply with the standards adopted in a particular field of knowledge.

abstract translation - an abstract (in Russian) compiled according to the source document in a foreign language by transcribing or reducing the content of the source. An abstract translation contains: the purpose, subject matter and research methods of the original document, as well as the results obtained.

Aspect translation - translation of a part of the text in accordance with a given selection criterion (aspect).

Abbreviated translation - a translation that conveys the semantic content of the text in a collapsed form. In the abridged translation, certain parts of the original are omitted for moral, political or other reasons.

Fragmentary translation - translation of a single passage or passages of text.

Free translation - a translation that reproduces the key information of the original with possible deviations: additions, omissions, etc. Equivalence is achieved at the level of description of the situation or message. Translation of key information without formal and semantic components.

Can't ignore the big group technical translators. Qualified technical translators most often specialize in one fairly narrow area. Accurate knowledge of special terminology is here the basic parameter.

The highest form of translation skill is considered to be artistic (literary) translation. This type of translation requires a great effort of creative forces and a lot of preliminary work on the analysis of the translated work. A translator of literary texts must have the broadest literary outlook not only in his native culture, but also in a foreign culture. He must have writing skills, know and love the author perfectly.

Thus, the translation profession includes a number of working and communicative qualities, the possession of which is the key to the success of translation. The working features include diligence, accuracy, memory, the ability to take into account the situation, the accuracy of terminology. Communicative qualities include self-confidence, politeness, cheerfulness, a positive attitude to any information, tact. The dominant parameter of the profession is language training, a high level of which is achievable only with a selfless attitude to the craft and true love for the language and culture of translation.

The article discusses in detail 6 types of money transfers according to 3 classification systems.

You will learn:

what is a money transfer;
what types and forms of transfers exist;
What is the difference;
who is involved in the transfer of funds;
what you need to arrange the transfer of money;
how much does it cost to send money;
how long does the transfer take.

What it is

Before proceeding to the classification, it is necessary to consider the concept and forms of money transfer.

Money transfer is the movement (movement) of funds from the sender to the recipient with the participation of the payment system operator (transfer operator).

Forms of translation differ in purpose:

Payment for goods or services;
Transfer between individuals (individuals and legal entities).

The transfer process itself is called a transaction. In order to understand the structure of a money transfer, it is necessary to consider its participants.

Members

The structure of any money transfer, regardless of form, consists of 3 participants:

The sender of funds;
Recipient of funds;
Intermediary or transfer operator.

A sender is a natural or legal person who sends funds. The natural or legal person to whom the money is transferred is called the recipient.

Transfer operator - an organization that transfers money:

Commercial Bank;
Non-profit organization, with a license to transfer funds;
Central bank;
Mail;
National or international money transfer system.

Classification and types of money transfers

There are 3 main classifications of money transfers according to:

Geography of funds movement
- internal
- external
Having an account
- with account opening
- without opening an account
Destination
- targeted
- unaddressed

External

External - these are transfers abroad.

They are characterized by the fact that they can be produced in foreign or national currencies.

In the first case, national money is exchanged for the currency of the country to which they are transferred.
In the second, the recipient himself exchanges the currency sent to him for the one he is going to use. For citizens of Central Asian countries whose residents work in Russia, external transfers are the main source of income.

Internal

With domestic money stays inside the country and does not go abroad. In some cases, for example, when establishing a single economic space on the territory of several countries, a transfer to another country is considered internal.

Video: Online is fast and economical

With account opening

To conduct this type of transaction, you need to open a current account with a bank or other credit institution and give an instruction to the bank (as a transfer operator) for the transaction. Opening an account is convenient if the transfer of funds occurs regularly (parents send money to a teenage student in another city).

A more convenient way for the same type of transfer is for the sender and recipient to use the same bank's debit or credit cards. From the card, the sender transfers money to the recipient's card without commission and with a minimum delay. The recipient will withdraw money from any ATM in the network.

The largest banks offer the option of two debit cards with different current accounts, but the same card account. In this case, the owner of the main card replenishes the additional current account to which another card is attached.

Without opening an account

Four translation options are available:

by arbitrary details;
under agreements with the organization;
using one of the money transfer systems;
by postal transfer.

Arbitrary transfer is available for individuals in any bank. To make it, you need to indicate the bank details and full name of the recipient of the transfer and indicate the amount to be transferred in the Application in the form of the bank transferring money. The bank will take commission according to the tariffs.

Transfer under contracts - payment for goods or services: legal, housing and communal services, cellular communications. If the bank (payment operator) has an agreement with a company whose services are paid for, then it will not charge a commission, or will charge a minimum.

Postal transfers (CyberMoney and Forsage) from Russian Post are available throughout the Russian Federation and CIS countries. In order to use the money transfer by mail, you need to take your passport to the post office (for non-residents of the Russian Federation - a migration visa), fill out the mail order form 112ef. The recipient must have a passport (migration visa) with him.

The essence of the work of money transfer systems is to deliver money to any part of the world where there is an appropriate service point, like at the post office. Some systems (Unistream, Contact) enter into agreements with legal entities so that the client pays for services (mobile communications, loans, utilities) of organizations using transfer systems.

Funds transfer terminals are located in banks or in places of quick public access (near the metro, in large supermarkets). They have a working mode: until 6 - 8 pm, with lunch and days off - this must be taken into account when sending funds. Like mail, such organizations charge a commission for transfers from the sender.

The peculiarity of transfers using such systems is that after the transfer, the money is available for receipt by an individual either at one specific point of issue, or at all at once.

Address

This is a type of transfer in which money is sent to a specific receiving and departure point.

The item is selected by the sender before sending the funds and is indicated in the transfer application. It is convenient if the recipient does not often change his position, and at any time he will come for the money.

Unaddressed

As well as address is available only between individuals. Money after sending becomes available for withdrawal at any point of service of the corresponding transfer system.

It is convenient if the recipient is on a business trip or on vacation abroad, often gets mixed up.

Commission terms and conditions

Which type of translation should you choose and in what situation?

In order to understand this, you need to know:

commission charged by the operator for the type of transfer you need;
how long does the money go from the sender to the recipient;
where the recipient can pick up the money.

The type of bank transfer, considered on the example of Sberbank of Russia, as the most popular bank in the territory of the Russian Federation, postal transfer - the Forsage system, transfer using the transfer system - Western Union.

Bank

Sberbank of Russia provides translation services:

on the territory of the Russian Federation;
abroad;
non-cash funds;
cash;
between your accounts.

Table. Transfers within Russia

Type of bank transfer	Where	Transfer term	Commission	Where to translate	Where to get money
Between your accounts	To your city	instantly	0%	Sberbank branch, ATM or network terminal, Sberbank online or mobile application	At a branch of Sberbank or at an ATM of the network
	To another city
From card to card	To your city	Instantly	0%		ATM terminal, branch of Sberbank
	To another city		1%	ATM, terminal, branch of Sberbank	ATM, terminal, branch of Sberbank
From account to card	To your city	1-2 working days	0%	Branch of Sberbank, Sberbank online	ATM, terminal, branch of Sberbank
	To another city
From card to account / from account to account	To your city	1-2 working days	0%	Sberbank Online	Sberbank branch
	To another city			Branch of Sberbank
Cash to cash	To your city	From 10 minutes to 2 working days	1,75	Branch of Sberbank	Branch of Sberbank
	To another city
Cash to account or card	To your city	1 business day		Sberbank branch	ATM, terminal, savings bank branch.
	To another city

Table. Transfers abroad

Translation type	In what currency is the money transferred	Transfer term	Commission	Where to translate	Where to get	Restrictions
Cash to cash	Rubles	2 business days	2% min. 50 rub. Max. 2000 rub.	Sberbank branch		Up to $5,000 equivalent
	Foreign currency		1% min. $15 Max. $200			5000 USD
From account to account / from card to card	Rubles	2 business days	2% min. 50 rub. Max. 2000 rub.	Branch of Sberbank	The possibility of receiving is specified in the beneficiary's bank	No restrictions, but a document confirming the purpose of the payment is required
	Foreign currency		1% min. $15 Max. $200

Mail

Postal money orders in Russia are represented by the Forsage system. The name alludes to speed.

Types of transfers available within Fast & Furious:

targeted;
unaddressed;
abroad;
across Russia.

The transfer can be made if the sender's post offices support the afterburner system. .

The commission depends on the amount of the transfer. An international transfer can only be made to an outlet that supports Fast & Furious. .

Terms of international payments may vary depending on the destination: a complete list of terms of transfers.

Table. Translations of Fast & Furious

Type of transfer	Amount (in rubles)	Transfer term	Commission (in rubles)
Address	Up to 3 thousand	No more than 1 hour	150
	From 3 thousand to 7.5 thousand		300
	From 7.5 thousand to 150 thousand		1.7% of the transferred amount, not more than 2 thousand rubles
Unaddressed	Up to 3 thousand	Day	99
Unaddressed	From 3 to 150 thousand.	Day	1.2% of the transferred amount, but not less than 149 and not more than 1 thousand rubles.
International	Up to 150 thousand	No more than 1 hour	1.8% of the transferred amount, but not less than 149

Through the money transfer system

Western Union is one of the oldest money transfer systems in existence. Unlike Fast & Furious, Western Union money transfers reach: China, South Korea, the USA and any other country of near and far abroad. There is only one condition - the presence of a point for sending / receiving payments from Western Union.

The recipient comes to any Western Union branch, provides a passport and a unique code, and fills out an application for receiving money and leaves with a money parcel.

The terms of the transfer in any direction in the system are a few minutes, the transfer is stored for a month. Commission for transfers depends on the destination: China is more expensive than Moldova.

Table. Western Union transfers

Shipping amount (in rubles)	Destination country	Commission (in rubles)
From 100 to 7.5 thousand	· Ukraine; · Belarus; · Georgia; · Kyrgyzstan; · Uzbekistan; · Kazakhstan; · Moldova; · Azerbaijan; · Turkmenistan.	150
More than 7.5 thousand		2% of the transferred amount
From 100 rubles to 25 thousand.	China (China); · Mongolia; · Taiwan; · Vietnam; · Hong Kong;	250
From 25 to 50 thousand		500
50 to 75 thousand		800
More than 75 thousand		1000
From 100 rubles to 2.5 thousand.	non-CIS countries except: China (China); · Mongolia; · Taiwan; · Vietnam; · Hong Kong;	250
From 2.5 to 5 thousand.		500
From 5 to 10 thousand		750
10 to 15 thousand		1000
15 to 20 thousand		1250
From 20 to 25 thousand		1500
25 to 30 thousand		1778
30 to 40 thousand		2028
40 to 50 thousand		2278
50 to 60 thousand		2528
60 to 75 thousand		3028
From 100 rubles to 2.5 thousand.	Turkey	250
From 2.5 to 5 thousand.		500
From 5 to 100 thousand		1.5% of the transferred amount
100 thousand or more		1% of the transferred amount
From 100 rubles to 2.5 thousand.	· Czech Republic Estonia Israel	250
From 2.5 to 5 thousand.		500
From 5 to 50 thousand		2% of the transferred amount
From 50 to 100 thousand		1.5% of the transferred amount
More than 100 thousand		1% of the transferred amount

From the article, you learned about 6 types of money transfers:

Addressed and non-addressed;
Domestic and international;
With or without opening an account.

Examples of their mixing in three types of translations are given:

Banking;
postal;
Through the payment system.

The conditions and options for each type are considered:

Banking on the example of Sberbank transfers;
Postal on the example of the Forsage system of the Russian Post;
Through the payment system on the example of Western Union.

Sample documents required to be filled in when transferring funds are available via the links, information on tariffs and terms of transfers is in the tables.