The first Kyiv princes them. Grand Dukes of Ancient Russia

According to the preamble to the chronicle, he reigned for 37 years (PSRL, vol. I, st. 18). According to all the annals, he entered Kyiv in 6488 (980) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 77), according to “Memory and praise to the Russian prince Vladimir” - June 11th 6486 (978 ) of the year (Library of Literature of Ancient Russia. Vol. 1. P. 326). The dating of 978 was especially actively defended by A. A. Shakhmatov, but there is still no consensus in science. He died on July 15, 6523 (1015) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 130).

He began to reign after the death of Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, st. 132). Defeated by Yaroslav in the late autumn of 6524 (1016) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 141-142).

He began to reign in the late autumn of 6524 (1016). Defeated in the battle on the Bug July 22(Titmar of Merseburg. Chronicle VIII 31) and fled to Novgorod in 6526 (1018) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 143).

Sat on the throne in Kyiv August 14 1018 (6526) years ( Titmar of Merseburg. Chronicle VIII 32). According to the chronicle, Yaroslav was expelled in the same year (probably in the winter of 1018/19), but usually his exile is dated to 1019 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 144).

Sat in Kyiv in 6527 (1019) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 146). According to a number of chronicles, he died on February 20, 6562 (PSRL, vol. II, st. 150), on the first Saturday of the fast of St. Theodore, that is, in February 1055 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 162). The same year 6562 is indicated in graffiti from the Hagia Sophia. However, the most probable date is determined by the day of the week - February 19 1054 on Saturday (in 1055 fasting began later).

He began to reign after the death of his father (PSRL, vol. I, st. 162). Expelled from Kyiv September 15th 6576 (1068) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 171).

Sat on the throne September 15th 6576 (1068), reigned for 7 months, that is, until April 1069 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 173)

Sat on the throne on May 2, 6577 (1069) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 174). Exiled in March 1073 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 182)

He sat on the throne on March 22, 6581 (1073) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 182). He died on December 27, 6484 (1076) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 199).

Sat on the throne on January 1, March 6584 (January 1077) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 190). In July of the same year, he ceded power to his brother Izyaslav.

Sat on the throne July 15 6585 (1077) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 199). Killed October 3 6586 (1078) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 202).

Sat on the throne in October 1078. Died April 13 6601 (1093) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 216).

Sat on the throne April 24 6601 (1093) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 218). Died April 16 1113. The ratio of March and ultra-March years is indicated in accordance with the research of N. G. Berezhkov, in the Lavrentiev and Troitsk chronicles 6622 ultramart year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 290; Troitskaya chronicle. St. Petersburg, 2002. P. 206), according to the Ipatiev Chronicle 6621 March year (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 275).

Sat on the throne 20 April 1113 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 290, vol. VII, p. 23). Died May 19 1125 (March 6633 according to the Lavrentiev and Trinity Chronicles, Ultra-March 6634 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle) year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 295, vol. II, stb. 289; Trinity Chronicle. P. 208)

Sat on the throne May 20 1125 (PSRL, vol. II, st. 289). Died April 15 1132 on Friday (in the Lavrentiev, Trinity and Novgorod First Chronicles on April 14, 6640, in the Ipatiev Chronicle on April 15, 6641 of the ultra-March year) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 301, vol. II, st. 294, vol. III, p. 22; Trinity Chronicle, p.212). The exact date is determined by the day of the week.

Sat on the throne April 17 1132 (Ultramart 6641 in the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 294). Died 18th of Febuary 1139, in the Laurentian Chronicle March 6646, in the Ipatiev Chronicle Ultramart 6647 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 306, vol. II, st. 302) In the Nikon Chronicle, November 8, 6646 is clearly mistaken (PSRL, vol. IX, stb. 163).

Sat on the throne February 22 1139 on Wednesday (March 6646, in the Ipatiev Chronicle on February 24, Ultramart 6647) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 306, vol. II, st. 302). The exact date is determined by the day of the week. March 4 retired to Turov at the request of Vsevolod Olgovich (PSRL, vol. II, st. 302).

Sat on the throne 5th of March 1139 (March 6647, Ultramart 6648) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 307, vol. II, st. 303). Died July 30(so according to the Laurentian and Novgorod fourth chronicles, according to the Ipatiev and Resurrection chronicles on August 1) 6654 (1146) years (PSRL, vol. I, st. 313, vol. II, st. 321, vol. IV, p. 151, t. 7, p. 35).

Sat on the throne after the death of his brother. He reigned for 2 weeks (PSRL, vol. III, p. 27, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 227). August 13 1146 defeated and fled (PSRL, vol. I, st. 313, vol. II, st. 327).

Sat on the throne August 13 1146. Defeated in battle on August 23, 1149 and left the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 383).

Sat on the throne August 28 1149 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 322, vol. II, st. 384), the date 28 is not indicated in the annals, but it is calculated almost perfectly: the day after the battle, Yuri entered Pereyaslavl, spent three days there and headed to Kyiv, namely the 28th was a Sunday more suitable for accession to the throne. Exiled in 1150, in the summer (PSRL, vol. II, st. 396).

He sat down at Yaroslav's Court in 1150, when Yuriy left the city. But the people of Kiev immediately called Izyaslav, and Vyacheslav left the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 396-398). Then, by agreement with Izyaslav, he sat down at Yaroslav's yard, but immediately left it (PSRL, vol. II, st. 402).

Sat on the throne in 1150 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 326, vol. II, st. 398). A few weeks later he was expelled (PSRL, vol. I, st. 327, vol. II, st. 402).

He sat on the throne in 1150, around August (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 328, vol. II, st. 403), after that in the annals (vol. II, st. 404) the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross is mentioned (14 September). He left Kyiv in the winter of 6658 (1150/1) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 330, vol. II, st. 416).

Sat on the throne in 6658 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 330, vol. II, st. 416). Died the 13th of November 1154 years (PSRL, vol. I, st. 341-342, vol. IX, p. 198) (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle on the night of November 14, according to the Novgorod First Chronicle - November 14 (PSRL, vol. II, st. 469 ; vol. III, p. 29).

He sat on the throne with his nephew in the spring of 6659 (1151) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 336, vol. II, st. 418) (or already in the winter of 6658 (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 186). Died at the end of 6662, shortly after the beginning of the reign of Rostislav (PSRL, vol. I, st. 342, vol. II, st. 472).

He sat on the throne in 6662 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 342, vol. II, st. 470-471). According to the Novgorod First Chronicle, he arrived in Kyiv from Novgorod and sat for a week (PSRL, vol. III, p. 29). Taking into account the travel time, his arrival in Kyiv dates back to January 1155. In the same year he was defeated in battle and left Kyiv (PSRL, vol. I, st. 343, vol. II, st. 475).

He sat on the throne in the winter of 6662 (1154/5) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 344, vol. II, st. 476). Yielded power to Yuri (PSRL, vol. II, st. 477).

Sat on the throne in the spring of 6663 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle (at the end of winter 6662 according to the Laurentian Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 345, vol. II, st. 477) on Palm Sunday (that is, 20th of March) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 29, see Karamzin N. M. History of the Russian State. T. II-III. M., 1991. P. 164). Died May 15 1157 (March 6665 according to the Laurentian Chronicle, Ultramart 6666 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 348, vol. II, st. 489).

Sat on the throne May 19 1157 (Ultra-March 6666, so in the Khlebnikov list of the Ipatiev Chronicle, in its Ipatiev list it is erroneous on May 15) of the year (PSRL, vol. II, st. 490). In the Nikon Chronicle on May 18 (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 208). Exiled from Kyiv in the winter of March 6666 (1158/9) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 348). According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, he was expelled at the end of the Ultramart year 6667 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 502).

Village in Kyiv December 22 6667 (1158) according to the Ipatiev and Resurrection Chronicles (PSRL, vol. II, st. 502, vol. VII, p. 70), in the winter of 6666 according to the Laurentian Chronicle, according to the Nikon Chronicle on August 22, 6666 (PSRL, vol. IX , p. 213), having expelled Izyaslav from there, but then ceded it to Rostislav Mstislavich (PSRL, vol. I, st. 348)

Village in Kyiv 12th of April 1159 (Ultramart 6668 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 504, date in the Ipatiev Chronicle), in the spring of March 6667 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348). He left the besieged Kyiv on February 8, ultramart 6669 (that is, in February 1161) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 515).

Sat on the throne 12th of February 1161 (Ultramart 6669) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 516) In the Sofia First Chronicle - in the winter of March 6668 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 232). Killed in action March, 6 1161 (ultramart 6670) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 518).

He again ascended the throne after the death of Izyaslav. Died March 14th 1167 (according to the Ipatiev and Resurrection Chronicles, died on March 14, 6676 of the Ultramart year, buried on March 21, according to the Laurentian and Nikon Chronicles, died on March 21, 6675) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 353, vol. II, st. 532 , vol. VII, p. 80, vol. IX, p. 233).

He was the legal heir after the death of his brother Rostislav. According to the Laurentian Chronicle, Mstislav Izyaslavich expelled Vladimir Mstislavich from Kyiv in 6676 and sat on the throne (PSRL, vol. I, st. 353-354). In the Sofia First Chronicle, the same message is placed twice: under 6674 and 6676 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 234, 236). Also, this story is presented by Jan Dlugosh (Schaveleva N. I. Ancient Russia in “Polish History” by Jan Dlugosh. M., 2004. P. 326). The Ipatiev Chronicle does not mention the reign of Vladimir at all, apparently, he did not reign then.

According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, sat on the throne May 19 6677 (that is, in this case 1167) of the year (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 535). The united army moved to Kyiv, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the winter of 6676 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 354), along Ipatievskaya and Nikonovskaya, in the winter of 6678 (PSRL, vol. II, st. 543, vol. IX, p. 237 ), according to Sophia First, in the winter of 6674 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 234), which corresponds to the winter of 1168/69. Kyiv was taken March 8, 1169, on Wednesday (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle 6679, according to the Resurrection Chronicle 6678, but the day of the week and the indication of the second week of fasting corresponds exactly to 1169) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 545, vol. VII, p. 84).

Sat on the throne on March 8, 1169 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, 6679 (PSRL, vol. II, st. 545), according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in 6677 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 355).

Sat on the throne in 1170 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle in 6680) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 548). He left Kyiv the same year on Monday, the second week after Easter (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 549).

He sat down again in Kyiv after the expulsion of Mstislav. He died, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the ultra-March year 6680 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 363). Died January 20th 1171 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, this is 6681, and the designation of this year in the Ipatiev Chronicle exceeds the March account by three units) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 564).

Sat on the throne February, 15 1171 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is 6681) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 566). Died May 30 1171 on Sunday (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, this is 6682, but the correct date is determined by the day of the week) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 567).

Andrei Bogolyubsky ordered him to sit on the throne in Kyiv in the winter of the Ultra-March 6680 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle - in the winter of 6681) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 364, vol. II, st. 566). He sat on the throne in July 1171 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle this is 6682, according to the Novgorod First Chronicle - 6679) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 568, vol. III, p. 34) Later, Andrei ordered Roman to leave Kyiv, and he left for Smolensk (PSRL, vol. II, st. 570).

According to the Sofia First Chronicle, he sat on the throne after Roman in 6680 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 237; vol. IX, p. 247), but immediately gave way to his brother Vsevolod.

Sat on the throne 5 weeks after Roman (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 570). He reigned in the Ultramart year 6682 (both in the Ipatiev and Laurentian chronicles), was taken prisoner by Davyd Rostislavich to the praise of the Holy Mother of God (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 365, vol. II, stb. 570).

Sat on the throne after the capture of Vsevolod in 1173 (6682 ultramart year) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 571). When Andrei sent an army to the south in the same year, Rurik left Kyiv in early September (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 575).

In November 1173 (Ultramart 6682) he sat on the throne by agreement with the Rostislavichs (PSRL, vol. II, st. 578). He reigned in the Ultramart year 6683 (according to the Laurentian Chronicle), defeated by Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (PSRL, vol. I, st. 366). According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, in the winter of 6682 (PSRL, vol. II, st. 578). In the Resurrection Chronicle, his reign is mentioned again under the year 6689 (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 96, 234).

He sat in Kyiv for 12 days and returned to Chernigov (PSRL, vol. I, st. 366, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 240) (In the Resurrection Chronicle under 6680 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 234)

He sat down again in Kyiv, having concluded an agreement with Svyatoslav, in the winter of Ultramart 6682 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 579). Kyiv ceded to Roman in 1174 (ultramart 6683) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 600).

He sat down in Kyiv in 1174 (Ultramart 6683), in the spring (PSRL, vol. II, st. 600, vol. III, p. 34). In 1176 (Ultramart 6685) he left Kyiv (PSRL, vol. II, st. 604).

Entered Kyiv in 1176 (Ultramart 6685) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 604). In 6688 (1181) he left Kyiv (PSRL, vol. II, st. 616)

Sat on the throne in 6688 (1181) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 616). But he soon left the city (PSRL, vol. II, st. 621).

Sat on the throne in 6688 (1181) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 621). He died in 1194 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle in March 6702, according to the Laurentian Chronicle in Ultra March 6703) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 412), in July, on the Monday before the day of the Maccabees (PSRL, vol. II, st. 680) .

Sat on the throne in 1194 (March 6702, Ultra March 6703) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 412, vol. II, st. 681). Expelled from Kyiv by Roman in the ultra-March year 6710 according to the Laurentian Chronicle (PSRL, vol. I, st. 417).

Sat on the throne in 1201 (according to the Laurentian and Resurrection chronicles in the ultra-March 6710, according to the Trinity and Nikon chronicles in March 6709) by the will of Roman Mstislavich and Vsevolod Yurievich (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 418; vol. VII, p. 107 ; v. X, p. 34; Trinity Chronicle, p. 284).

He took Kyiv on January 2, 1203 (6711 ultramart) years (PSRL, vol. I, st. 418). In the Novgorod First Chronicle on January 1, 6711 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 45), in the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle on January 2, 6711 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 180), in the Trinity and Resurrection Chronicles on January 2, 6710 ( Trinity Chronicle, p.285; PSRL, vol. VII, p. 107). Vsevolod confirmed the rule of Rurik in Kyiv. Roman tonsured Rurik as a monk in 6713 according to the Laurentian Chronicle (PSRL, vol. I, st. 420) (in the Novgorod First Junior Edition and the Trinity Chronicles, the winter of 6711 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 240; Trinity Chronicle. S. 286), in the Sofia First Chronicle 6712 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 260).

see Boguslavsky's encyclopedia

He was placed on the throne by agreement of Roman and Vsevolod after Rurik was tonsured in winter (that is, at the beginning of 1204) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 421, vol. X, p. 36).

He again sat on the throne in July, the month is established based on the fact that Rurik was stripped after the death of Roman Mstislavich, which followed on June 19, 1205 (ultramart 6714) of the year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 426) In the Sofia First Chronicle under the year 6712 (PSRL , vol. VI, issue 1, st. 260), in the Trinity and Nikon Chronicles under 6713 (Trinity Chronicle, p. 292; PSRL, vol. X, p. 50). After an unsuccessful campaign against Galich in March 6714, he retired to Vruchiy (PSRL, vol. I, st. 427). According to the Laurentian Chronicle, he sat down in Kyiv (PSRL, vol. I, st. 428). In 1207 (March 6715) he again fled to Vruchiy (PSRL, vol. I, st. 429). It is believed that the messages under 1206 and 1207 duplicate each other (see also PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235: interpretation in the Resurrection Chronicle as two principalities)

He sat down in Kyiv in March 6714 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 427), around August. The date 1206 is specified in synchronism with the campaign against Galich. According to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the same year he was expelled by Rurik (PSRL, vol. I, st. 428), then he sat in Kyiv in 1207, expelling Rurik. In the autumn of the same year, Rurik was again expelled (PSRL, vol. I, st. 433). Messages in the annals under 1206 and 1207 duplicate each other.

He sat down in Kyiv in the autumn of 1207, around October (Trinity Chronicle. S. 293, 297; PSRL, vol. X, pp. 52, 59). In the Trinity and most of the lists of the Nikon Chronicle, duplicate messages are placed under the years 6714 and 6716. The exact date is set in sync with the Ryazan campaign of Vsevolod Yurievich. By agreement in 1210 (according to the Laurentian Chronicle 6718), he went to reign in Chernigov (PSRL, vol. I, st. 435). According to the Nikon Chronicle - in 6719 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 62), according to the Resurrection Chronicle - in 6717 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235).

He reigned for 10 years and was expelled from Kyiv by Mstislav Mstislavich in the fall of 1214 (in the Novgorod first and fourth chronicles, as well as Nikon's, this event is described under the year 6722 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 53; vol. IV, p. 185, vol. X, p. 67), in the Sofia First Chronicle it is clearly erroneous under the year 6703 and again under the year 6723 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 250, 263), in the Tver Chronicle twice - under 6720 and 6722, in Resurrection Chronicle under the year 6720 (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 118, 235, vol. XV, st. 312, 314). as indicated in the Novgorod First Chronicle, and in the Ipatiev Chronicle Vsevolod is listed as the Kyiv prince under the year 6719 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 729), which in its chronology corresponds to 1214 (Mayorov A. V. Galicia-Volyn Rus. SPb, 2001. P. 411. However, according to N. G. Berezhkov, based on a comparison of the Novgorod chronicles with the Livonian chronicles, this is 1212.

His short reign after the expulsion of Vsevolod is mentioned in the Resurrection Chronicle (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 118, 235).

He sat on the throne after the expulsion of Vsevolod (in the Novgorod First Chronicle under 6722). He was killed in 1223, in the tenth year of his reign (PSRL, vol. I, st. 503), after the battle on Kalka, which took place on May 30, 6731 (1223) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 447). In the Ipatiev Chronicle 6732, in the First Novgorod Chronicle on May 31, 6732 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 63), in Nikonovskaya on June 16, 6733) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 92), in the introductory part of the Resurrection Chronicle 6733 year (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235), but in the main part of the Resurrection on June 16, 6731 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 132). Killed on June 2, 1223 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 508) There is no number in the annals, but it is indicated that after the battle on Kalka, Prince Mstislav defended himself for another three days. The accuracy of the date 1223 for the Battle of Kalka is established by comparison with a number of foreign sources.

According to the Novgorod First Chronicle, he sat down in Kyiv in 1218 (Ultramart 6727) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 59, vol. IV, p. 199; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 275), which may indicate to his co-government. He sat on the throne after the death of Mstislav (PSRL, vol. I, st. 509) on June 16, 1223 (ultramart 6732) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 282, vol. XV, st. 343). He was captured by the Polovtsians when they took Kyiv in 6743 (1235) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 74). According to the Sofia First and Moscow Academic Chronicles, he reigned for 10 years, but the date in them is the same - 6743 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 513; vol. VI, issue 1, st. 287).

In the early chronicles without a patronymic (PSRL, vol. II, st. 772, vol. III, p. 74), it is not mentioned at all in Lavrentievskaya. Izyaslav Mstislavich in the Novgorod Fourth, Sofia First (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 214; vol. VI, issue 1, st. 287) and the Moscow Academic Chronicle, in the Tver Chronicle he is called the son of Mstislav Romanovich the Brave, and in Nikonovskaya and Voskresenskaya - the grandson of Roman Rostislavich (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 138, 236; vol. X, p. 104; XV, st. 364), but there was no such prince (in Voskresenskaya he was named the son of Mstislav Romanovich of Kyiv). According to modern scientists, this is either Izyaslav Vladimirovich, the son of Vladimir Igorevich (this opinion has been widespread since N.M. Karamzin), or the son of Mstislav Udaly (analysis of this issue: Mayorov A.V. Galicia-Volynskaya Rus. St. Petersburg, 2001. S.542-544). Sat on the throne in 6743 (1235) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 513, vol. III, p. 74) (according to Nikonovskaya in 6744). In the Ipatiev Chronicle it is mentioned under the year 6741.

Sat on the throne in 6744 (1236) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 513, vol. III, p. 74, vol. IV, p. 214). In Ipatievskaya under the year 6743 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 777). In 1238 he went to Vladimir (PSRL, vol. X, p. 113).

A short list of princes at the beginning of the Ipatiev Chronicle places him after Yaroslav (PSRL, vol. II, st. 2), but this may be a mistake. This reign is accepted by M. B. Sverdlov (Sverdlov M. B. Domongolskaya Rus. St. Petersburg, 2002. P. 653).

He occupied Kyiv in 1238 after Yaroslav (PSRL, vol. II, st. 777, vol. VII, p. 236; vol. X, p. 114). When the Tatars approached Kyiv, he left for Hungary (PSRL, vol. II, st. 782). In the Ipatiev Chronicle under the year 6746, in Nikonovskaya under the year 6748 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 116).

He occupied Kyiv after the departure of Michael, expelled by Daniel (in the Ipatiev Chronicle under 6746, in the Novgorod Fourth and Sofia First under 6748) (PSRL, vol. II, st. 782, vol. IV, p. 226; VI, issue 1, stb. 301).

Daniel, having occupied Kyiv in 6748, left the thousandth Dmitri in it (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 226, vol. X, p. 116). Dmitri led the city at the time of its capture by the Tatars (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 786) on Nicholas Day (that is, December 6, 1240) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 470).

According to his Life, he returned to Kyiv after the departure of the Tatars (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 319).

C to Russian princes received power with the sanction of the khans of the Golden Horde (in Russian terminology, “tsars”), who were recognized as the supreme rulers of the Russian lands.

In 6751 (1243), Yaroslav arrived in the Horde and was recognized as the ruler of all Russian lands "the oldest prince in the Russian language" (PSRL, vol. I, st. 470). Sat in Vladimir. The moment when he took possession of Kyiv is not indicated in the annals. It is known that in the year (his boyar Dmitry Eikovich was sitting in the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 806, in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is indicated under 6758 (1250) in connection with a trip to the Horde of Daniil Romanovich, the correct date is established by synchronization with Polish sources. Died September 30th 1246 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 471).

After the death of his father, together with his brother Andrei, he went to the Horde, and from there to the capital of the Mongol Empire - Karakorum, where in 6757 (1249) Andrei received Vladimir, and Alexander - Kyiv and Novgorod. Modern historians differ in their assessment of which of the brothers belonged to the formal seniority. Alexander did not live in Kyiv itself. Before Andrei was expelled in 6760 (1252), he ruled in Novgorod, then Vladimir received in the Horde. Died November 14

He sat in Rostov and Suzdal in 1157 (March 6665 in the Laurentian Chronicle, Ultramart 6666 in the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348, vol. II, stb. 490). Killed June 29, on the feast of Peter and Paul (in the Laurentian Chronicle, ultramart year 6683) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 369) According to the Ipatiev Chronicle June 28, on the eve of the feast of Peter and Paul (PSRL, vol. II, stb. Sofia First Chronicle June 29, 6683 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 238).

He sat down in Vladimir in the Ultramart year 6683, but after 7 weeks of the siege he retired (that is, approximately in September) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 373, vol. II, st. 596).

Sat in Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 374, vol. II, stb. 597) in 1174 (ultramart 6683). June 15 1175 (ultramart 6684) defeated and fled (PSRL, vol. II, st. 601).

Village in Vladimir June 15 1175 (ultramart 6684) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 377). (In the Nikon Chronicle June 16, but the error is set by the day of the week (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 255). Died June 20 1176 (ultramart 6685) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 379, vol. IV, p. 167).

He sat on the throne in Vladimir after the death of his brother in June 1176 (Ultra-March 6685) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 380). He died, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, on April 13, 6720 (1212), in memory of St. Martin (PSRL, vol. I, st. 436) In the Tver and Resurrection Chronicles April 15 in memory of the Apostle Aristarchus, on Sunday (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 117; vol. XV, stb. 311), in the Nikon Chronicle on April 14 in memory of St. Martin, on Sunday (PSRL, vol. X, p. 64), in the Trinity Chronicle on April 18, 6721, in memory of St. Martin (Trinity Chronicle, p.299). In 1212 April 15 is Sunday.

Sat on the throne after the death of his father in accordance with his will (PSRL, vol. X, p. 63). April 27 On Wednesday, 1216, he left the city, leaving it to his brother (PSRL, vol. I, st. 500, the number is not directly indicated in the annals, but this is the next Wednesday after April 21, which was Thursday).

Sat on the throne in 1216 (ultramart 6725) year (PSRL, vol. I, st. 440). Died February 2 1218 (Ultra-March 6726, so in the Lavrentiev and Nikon Chronicles) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 442, vol. X, p. 80) In the Tver and Trinity Chronicles 6727 (PSRL, vol. XV, st. 329 ; Trinity Chronicle. S.304).

Sat on the throne after the death of his brother. Killed in battle with Tatars March 4 1238 (in the Laurentian Chronicle still under the year 6745, in the Moscow Academic Chronicle under 6746) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 465, 520).

Sat on the throne after the death of his brother in 1238 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 467). Died September 30th 1246 (PSRL, vol. I, st. 471)

He sat on the throne in 1247, when the news of the death of Yaroslav came (PSRL, vol. I, st. 471, vol. X, p. 134). According to the Moscow Academic Chronicle, he sat on the throne in 1246 after a trip to the Horde (PSRL, vol. I, st. 523) (according to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle, sat down in 6755 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 229).

He expelled Svyatoslav in 6756 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 229). Killed in the winter of 6756 (1248/1249) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 471). According to the Novgorod fourth chronicle - in 6757 (PSRL, vol. IV, st. 230). The exact month is unknown.

He sat on the throne for the second time, but Andrei Yaroslavich drove him away (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, st. 31).

Sat on the throne in the winter of 6757 (1249/50) (in december), having received the reign from the khan (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 472), the ratio of the news in the annals shows that he returned in any case earlier than December 27. Fled from Russia during the Tatar invasion in 6760 ( 1252 ) year (PSRL, vol. I, st. 473), having been defeated in the battle on the day of St. Boris ( July 24) (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 159). According to the Novgorod First Junior Edition and the Sofia First Chronicle, this was in 6759 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 304, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 327), according to the Easter tables of the middle of the XIV century (PSRL, vol. III, p. 578), Trinity, Novgorod fourth, Tver, Nikon chronicles - in 6760 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 230; vol. X, p. 138; vol. XV, stb. 396, Trinity Chronicle. P.324).

In 6760 (1252) he received a great reign in the Horde and settled in Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, st. 473) (according to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle - in 6761 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 230). Died November 14 6771 (1263) years (PSRL, vol. I, st. 524, vol. III, p. 83).

Sat on the throne in 6772 (1264) (PSRL, vol. I, st. 524; vol. IV, p. 234). He died in the winter of 1271/72 (Ultra-March 6780 in the Easter tables (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579), in the Novgorod First and Sofia First Chronicles, March 6779 in the Tver and Trinity Chronicles) year (PSRL, vol. III, p. 89 , vol. VI, issue 1, st. 353, vol. XV, st. 404; Trinity Chronicle, p.331). A comparison with the mention of the death of Princess Maria of Rostov on December 9 shows that Yaroslav died already at the beginning of 1272.

Sat on the throne after the death of his brother in 6780. He died in the winter of 6784 (1276/77) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 323), in January(Trinity Chronicle, p.333).

He sat on the throne in 6784 (1276/77) after the death of his uncle (PSRL, vol. X, p. 153; vol. XV, stb. 405). There is no mention of a trip to the Horde this year.

He received a great reign in the Horde in 1281 (Ultramart 6790 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 324, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 357), in the winter of 6789, having come to Russia in December (Trinity Chronicle. P. 338 ; PSRL, vol. X, p. 159) reconciled with his brother in 1283 (ultramart 6792 or March 6791 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 326, vol. IV, p. 245; vol. VI, no. 1, Stb. 359; Trinity Chronicle. P. 340.) Such dating of events is accepted by N. M. Karamzin, N. G. Berezhkov and A. A. Gorsky, V. L. Yanin suggests dating: winter 1283-1285 ( see analysis: Gorsky A. A. Moscow and the Horde. M., 2003. S. 15-16).

He came from the Horde in 1283, having received a great reign from Nogai. Lost it in 1293.

He received a great reign in the Horde in 6801 (1293) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 327, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 362), returned to Russia in winter (Trinity Chronicle, p. 345). Died July 27 6812 (1304) years (PSRL, vol. III, p. 92; vol. VI, issue 1, st. 367, vol. VII, p. 184) (In the Novgorod Fourth and Nikon Chronicles on June 22 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 252, vol. X, p. 175), in the Trinity Chronicle, the ultra-March year 6813 (Trinity Chronicle, p. 351).

He received a great reign in 1305 (March 6813, in the Trinity Chronicle ultra-March 6814) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 368, vol. VII, p. 184). (According to the Nikon chronicle - in 6812 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 176), returned to Russia in the fall (Troitskaya chronicle, p. 352). and the Tver Chronicles of March 6826) on Wednesday (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 257; vol. VI, issue 1, st. 391, vol. X, p. 185). The year is set according to the day of the week.

He left the Horde with the Tatars in the summer of 1317 (Ultramart 6826, in the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle and the Rogozh Chronicle in March 6825) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 95; vol. IV, stb. 257), having received a great reign (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, line 374, vol. XV, issue 1, line 37). Killed by Dmitry Tversky in the Horde.

He received a great reign in 6830 (1322) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 96, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 396). He arrived in Vladimir in the winter of 6830 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 259; Trinity Chronicle, p. 357) or in autumn (PSRL, vol. XV, st. 414). According to Easter tables, he sat down in 6831 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579). Executed September 15th 6834 (1326) (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, st. 42, vol. XV, st. 415).

He received a great reign in the autumn of 6834 (1326) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 190; vol. XV, issue 1, st. 42). When the Tatar army moved to Tver in the winter of 1327/8, he fled to Pskov, and then to Lithuania.

In 1328, Khan Uzbek divided the great reign, giving Vladimir and the Volga region to Alexander (PSRL, vol. III, p. 469) (this fact is not mentioned in the Moscow chronicles). According to the Sofia First, Novgorod Fourth and Resurrection Chronicles, he died in 6840 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 265; vol. VI, issue 1, st. 406, vol. VII, p. 203), according to the Tver Chronicle - in 6839 (PSRL, vol. XV, st. 417), in the Rogozhsky chronicler his death was noted twice - under 6839 and 6841 (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, st. 46), according to the Trinity and Nikon chronicles - in 6841 (Trinity Chronicle. S. 361; PSRL, vol. X, p. 206). According to the introduction to the Novgorod First Chronicle of the junior edition, he reigned for 3 or 2 and a half years (PSRL, vol. III, pp. 467, 469). A. A. Gorsky accepts the dating of his death as 1331 (Gorsky A. A. Moscow and Horde. M., 2003. P. 62).

He sat down on the great reign in 6836 (1328) (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 262; vol. VI, issue 1, st. 401, vol. X, p. 195). Formally, he was a co-ruler of Alexander of Suzdal, but he acted independently. After the death of Alexander, he went to the Horde in 6839 (1331) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 344) and received all the great reign (PSRL, vol. III, p. 469). Died March 31 1340 (Ultra-March 6849 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 270; vol. VI, issue 1, st. 412, vol. VII, p. 206), according to Easter tables, the Trinity Chronicle and the Rogozhsky chronicler in 6848 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579; vol. XV, issue 1, st. 52; Trinity Chronicle, p. 364).

Received a great reign in the fall of Ultramart 6849 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb.). Sat in Vladimir on October 1, 1340 (Trinity Chronicle, p.364). Died 26 April ultramart 6862 (in Nikonovskaya March 6861) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 226; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 62; Trinity Chronicle, p. 373). (In the Novgorod Fourth, his death is reported twice - under the years 6860 and 6861 (PSRL, vol. IV, pp. 280, 286), according to Voskresenskaya - April 27, 6861 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 217)

He received a great reign in the winter of 6861, after Baptism. Village in Vladimir March, 25 6862 (1354) years (Trinity Chronicle. S. 374; PSRL, vol. X, p. 227). Died the 13th of November 6867 (1359) (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 10; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 68).

Khan Navruz in the winter of 6867 (that is, at the beginning of 1360) gave the great reign to Andrei Konstantinovich, and he ceded to his brother Dmitry (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 68). Came to Vladimir June, 22(PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 69; Trinity Chronicle. S.377) 6868 (1360) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 366, vol. VI, issue 1, st. 433) .

On September 21, 862, the inhabitants of the Novgorod principality called for the Varangian brothers Rurik, Sineus and Truvor to rule. It is this date that is considered to be the beginning of the state of Rus. From Rurik originates a dynasty of Russian rulers, nicknamed Rurikovich. This dynasty ruled the state for more than seven and a half centuries. We remembered the most significant representatives of this family.

1. Rurik Varangian. Although the Novgorod prince Rurik Varyazhsky did not become the sole ruler of the united state, he went down in history forever as the founder of the dynasty of the first Russian autocrats. During his reign, Finnish lands began to join Russia, as well as the territories of some scattered Slavic tribes. From here followed the cultural unification of the Eastern Slavs, which contributed to the formation of a new political formation - the state. According to the researcher S. Solovyov, it was from Rurik that the important activity of the Russian princes began - the construction of cities, the concentration of population. The first steps of Rurik in the formation of the ancient Russian state were already completed by Prince Oleg the Prophet.

2. Vladimir Svyatoslavich the Red Sun. The contribution of this Grand Duke to the development of Kievan Rus can hardly be overestimated. It was he who went down in history as the baptizer of Russia. Preachers of many religions wanted to persuade the prince to their faith, but he sent his ambassadors to different lands, and upon their return he listened to everyone and gave preference to Christianity. Vladimir liked the rites of this faith. Having conquered the Christian city, Kherson Vladimir married the imperial princess Anna and received holy baptism. The idols of the pagan gods were cut down and burned by order of the prince. Ordinary people accepted the new faith by being baptized in the waters of the Dnieper. So, on August 1, 988, the Russian people, following the ruler, adopted Christianity. Only the inhabitants of Novgorod opposed the new faith. Then the Novgorodians were baptized with the help of a squad. However, at the same time, the first special theological schools were created in Russia, where unenlightened boyar otraks studied divine books translated from Greek by Cyril and Methodius.

3. Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise. The nickname "Wise" Grand Duke Yaroslav received from the people for his wise rule. He is considered the creator of the first set of laws and civil charters "Russian Truth". Prior to this, in ancient Russia there were no laws written in a single collection. This is one of the most important steps in building statehood. To this day, ancient lists of these laws have survived, which give an idea of the life of our ancestors. According to the chronicler, Yaroslav was "half-footed, but he had a kind mind and was brave in battle." These words are also proved by the fact that under Yaroslav the Wise, Russian troops put an end to the raids of the nomadic tribe of the Pechenegs. Peace was also concluded with the Byzantine Empire.

The nickname "Wise" Grand Duke Yaroslav received from the people for his wise rule

4. Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh. His reign was the period of the last strengthening of the Old Russian state. Monomakh knew well that for the tranquility of the state, it was necessary to make sure that external enemies would not attack Russia. During his life, he made 83 military campaigns, concluded 19 peace treaties with the Polovtsians, captured more than a hundred Polovtsian princes and released them all, executed more than 200 princes. The military successes of Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh and his children glorified his name throughout the world. The Greek Empire trembled on behalf of Monomakh. After the conquest of Thrace by Vladimir's son Mstislav, Emperor Alexy Komnenos even sent great gifts to Kyiv - symbols of power: the carnelian cup of Augustus Caesar, the Cross of the Life-Giving Tree, a crown, a golden chain and barm of Vladimir's grandfather Konstantin Monomakh. The gifts were brought by the Metropolitan of Ephesus. He also proclaimed Monomakh the Russian ruler. Since then, Monomakh's cap, chain, scepter and barm have been indispensable attributes on the wedding day of Russian rulers and have been passed from sovereign to sovereign.

5. Vsevolod III Yurievich Big Nest. This is the tenth son of Grand Duke Yuri Dolgoruky, who formed the city of Moscow, and the younger brother of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. Under him, the Great Northern Principality of Vladimir reached its highest power and finally began to prevail over the southern Principality of Kyiv. The reasons for the success of Vsevolod's policy are reliance on new cities: Vladimir, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Dmitrov, Gorodets, Kostroma, Tver, where the boyars before him were relatively weak, as well as reliance on the nobility. Under him, Kievan Rus ceased to exist, and Vladimir-Suzdal Rus finally took shape. Vsevolod had a large offspring - 12 children (including 8 sons), so he received the nickname "Big Nest". The unknown author of The Tale of Igor's Campaign noted: his army "can splash the Volga with oars, and scoop the Don with helmets."

6. Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. According to the "canonical" version, Alexander Nevsky played an exceptional role in Russian history. During his reign, Russia was attacked from two sides: the Catholic West and the Tatars from the East. Nevsky showed an outstanding talent as a commander and diplomat, having entered into an alliance with the most powerful enemy - the Tatars. Having repelled the German attack, he defended Orthodoxy from Catholic expansion. For the faith of the Grand Duke, for the love of the fatherland, for the preservation of the integrity of Russia, the Orthodox Church canonized Alexander as a saint.

7. Ivan Danilovich Kalita. This Grand Duke became famous for the fact that under him the rise of Muscovite Russia began. Moscow under Ivan Kalita became the real capital of the Russian state. On the instructions of Metropolitan Peter, Ivan Kalita in 1326 laid the first stone church of the Assumption of Our Lady in Moscow. Since then, the Russian metropolia moved from Vladimir to Moscow, which elevated this city above others in the Vladimir principality. Ivan Kalita became the first prince who received a label for a great reign in the Golden Horde. Thus, he increasingly strengthened the role of the capital of the state for Moscow. Later, for silver, he redeemed from the Horde labels for reigning in other Russian cities, adding them to the Moscow principality.

8. Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy. The Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich was nicknamed Donskoy after the first serious victory over the Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. After a number of significant military victories over the Golden Horde, she did not dare to fight the Russians in the open field. By this time, the Moscow principality had become one of the main centers for the unification of Russian lands. The white-stone Moscow Kremlin was built in the city.

9. Ivan III Vasilyevich. During the reign of this Grand Duke and Sovereign Sovereign, there were many events that determined the fate of the Russian state. Firstly, a significant part of the scattered Russian lands around Moscow was united. This city finally becomes the center of the all-Russian state. Secondly, the final liberation of the country from the rule of the Horde khans was achieved. After standing on the Ugra River, Russia finally threw off the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Thirdly, under the reign of Ivan III, the territory of Russia increased five times and began to amount to about two million square kilometers. The Code of Laws was also adopted - a set of laws of the state, and a number of reforms were carried out that laid the foundations for the local system of land tenure. The sovereign established the first post office in Russia, city councils appeared in the cities, drunkenness was prohibited, and the armament of the troops was significantly increased.

10. Ivan IV Vasilyevich. It was this ruler who was nicknamed the Terrible. He headed the Russian state longer than all the rulers: 50 years and 105 days. The contribution of this king to the history of Russia is difficult to overestimate. Under him, boyar strife ceased, and the territory of the state grew by almost 100 percent - from 2.8 million square kilometers to 5.4 million. The Russian state has become larger than the rest of Europe. He defeated the slave-trading khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan, annexed these territories to Russia. Also, under him, Western Siberia, the Region of the Don Host, Bashkiria, and the lands of the Nogai Horde were annexed. Ivan the Terrible entered into diplomatic and military relations with the Don and Tersko-Grebensky Cossacks. John IV Vasilyevich created a regular streltsy army, the first Russian military flotilla in the Baltic. I would especially like to note the creation of the judiciary of 1550. The collection of laws of the period of the estate monarchy in Russia is the first legal act in Russian history proclaimed the only source of law. It contained 100 articles. Under Ivan the Terrible, the first printing house appeared in Russia (Printing Yard). Under him, the election of the local administration was introduced, a network of primary schools was created, a postal service and the first fire brigade in Europe were created.

The first rulers of Ancient Russia (from the formation of the state to the period of feudal fragmentation).

The ancestor of the Rurik dynasty, the first ancient Russian prince.
According to The Tale of Bygone Years, he was called to reign in 862 by the Ilmen Slovenes, Chud and all of the Varangian lands.
He reigned first in Ladoga, and then in all Novgorod lands.
Before his death, he transferred power to his relative (or senior combatant) - Oleg.

The first real ruler of Ancient Russia, who united the lands of the Slavic tribes along the path "from the Varangians to the Greeks."
In 882, he captured Kyiv and made it the capital of the ancient Russian state, killing Askold and Dir, who had previously reigned there.
He subjugated the tribes of the Drevlyans, Northerners, Radimichi.
Strengthened the foreign policy position. In 907, he made a successful military campaign against Constantinople, which resulted in two peace treaties beneficial for Russia (907 and 911).

He expanded the boundaries of the Old Russian state, subjugating the tribe of streets and contributing to the foundation of Russian settlements on the Taman Peninsula.
Repulsed the raids of the nomadic Pechenegs.
Organized military campaigns against Byzantium:
1) 941 - ended in failure;
2) 944 - the conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement.
Killed by the Drevlyans while collecting tribute in 945.

The wife of Prince Igor, ruled in Russia during the childhood of his son Svyatoslav and during his military campaigns.
For the first time, she established a clear procedure for collecting tribute ("polyudya") by introducing:
1) lessons in determining the exact amount of tribute;
2) graveyards - establishing places of tribute collection.
She visited Byzantium in 957 and converted to Christianity under the name Helena.
In 968, she led the defense of Kyiv from the Pechenegs.

Son of Prince Igor and Princess Olga.
Initiator and leader of many military campaigns:
- The defeat of the Khazar Khaganate and its capital Itil (965)
- Campaigns in the Danube Bulgaria. Wars with Byzantium (968 - 971)
- Military clashes with the Pechenegs (969 - 972)
- Treaty between Russia and Byzantium (971)
Killed by the Pechenegs during their return from Bulgaria in 972 on the Dnieper rapids.

In 972 - 980. there is the first internecine war for power between the sons of Svyatoslav - Vladimir and Yaropolk. Vladimir wins and is confirmed on the throne of Kiev.
980 - Vladimir carries out a pagan reform. A pantheon of pagan gods is being created, headed by Perun. An attempt to adapt paganism to the needs of the Old Russian state and society ended in failure.
988 - adoption of Christianity in Russia.
(Reasons for adopting Christianity:
- the need to strengthen the power of the Kyiv prince and the need for a state association on a new spiritual basis;
- justification of social inequality;
- the need to introduce Russia to the pan-European political realities, spiritual and cultural values.
Significance of adopting Christianity:
- strengthened the state and the power of the prince;
- increased the international prestige of Russia;
- contributed to the introduction of Russia to Byzantine culture.)
Under Vladimir, there is a further expansion and strengthening of the Old Russian state. Vladimir finally conquered the Radimichi, made successful campaigns against the Poles, Pechenegs, founded new fortress-cities: Pereyaslavl, Belgorod, etc.

He established himself on the throne of Kiev after long strife with Svyatopolk the Accursed (he received his nickname after the murder of his brothers Boris and Gleb, later canonized as saints) and Mstislav of Tmutarakansky.
He contributed to the flourishing of the Old Russian state, patronized education and construction.
Contributed to the rise of the international prestige of Russia. Established broad dynastic ties with European and Byzantine courts.
Carried out military campaigns:
- to the Baltics;
- to the Polish-Lithuanian lands;
- to Byzantium.
He finally defeated the Pechenegs.
Prince Yaroslav the Wise - the founder of written Russian legislation ("Russian Truth", "Truth of Yaroslav").

Grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, son of Prince Vsevolod the First and Mary, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Ninth Monomakh. Prince of Smolensk (since 1067), Chernigov (since 1078), Pereyaslavl (since 1093), Grand Duke of Kyiv (since 1113).
Prince Vladimir Monomakh - the organizer of successful campaigns against the Polovtsy (1103, 1109, 1111)
He advocated the unity of Russia. Member of the congress of ancient Russian princes in Lyubech (1097), which discussed the perniciousness of civil strife, the principles of ownership and inheritance of princely lands.
He was called to reign in Kyiv during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk II. Reigned until 1125
He put into effect the "Charter of Vladimir Monomakh", where interest on loans was limited by law and it was forbidden to enslave dependent people who work off debt.
He stopped the collapse of the Old Russian state. Wrote "Instruction", in which he condemned the strife and called for the unity of the Russian land.
He continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe. He was married to the daughter of the English King Harold II - Gita.

Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Prince of Novgorod (1088 - 1093 and 1095 - 1117), Rostov and Smolensk (1093 - 1095), Belgorod and co-ruler of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv (1117 - 1125). From 1125 to 1132 - sole ruler of Kyiv.
He continued the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and managed to maintain a unified Old Russian state.
He annexed the Principality of Polotsk to Kyiv in 1127.
He organized successful campaigns against the Polovtsy, Lithuania, the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavovich.
After his death, almost all the principalities are out of obedience to Kyiv. There comes a specific period - feudal fragmentation.

In 862, Prince Rurik was invited to reign in northwestern Russia, who became the founder of the new state. What was the activity of the first Kyiv princes - we learn from the article on history for the 10th grade.

Domestic and foreign policy of the first Russian princes

Let's form a table The first Kyiv princes.

Starting in order, one should mention not Rurik as the first Russian prince, but his boyars Askold and Dir as the first princes of Kyiv. Having not received cities in Northern Russia for control, they went south, to Constantinople, but, moving along the Dnieper, they landed near a small town that had a convenient geographical and strategic position.

In 879 Rurik died and Oleg became his successor until the age of his son Igor. In 882, Oleg makes an aggressive campaign against Kyiv. Fearing a major battle with a large army of co-rulers. Oleg lured them out of the city by cunning, and then killed them.

Rice. 1. Borders of Russia in the 9th century.

The names of Askold and Dir are familiar to every resident of Kyiv. These are the first martyrs of the Russian land. In 2013, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate canonized them as saints.

Having captured Smolensk and Lyubech, Oleg established control over the trade route "From the Varangians to the Greeks", transferred the capital of Russia from Novgorod to Kyiv, creating Kievan Rus - a single principality of the Eastern Slavs. He built cities, determined the amount of taxes from the subordinate southern tribes, and successfully fought the Khazars.

Igor's reign

After the death of Oleg, Igor took the reins of government. He made two campaigns against Byzantium - in 941 and 944, but neither was crowned with great success. The fleet of the Rus was completely burned by Greek fire. In 913 and 943 he made two trips to the Caspian lands.

In 945, while collecting tribute from subordinate tribes, Igor succumbed to the pressure of the squad and decided to collect tribute in a larger amount. Returning to the lands of the Drevlyans for the second time, but already with a small detachment, Igor was killed in the capital of the Drevlyan land, the city of Iskorosten.

Olga and Svyatoslav

The regent for the two-year-old son of Igor Svyatoslav was his mother, Olga. The princess avenged the murder of Igor by devastating the Drevlyane land and burning Iskorosten.

Olga owns the first economic reform in Russia. She established lessons and graveyards - the amount of tribute and the places of their collection. In 955, she converted to Christianity, becoming the first Russian princess of the Orthodox faith.

Svyatoslav, having matured, spent all his time on campaigns, dreaming of military glory. In 965, he destroyed the Khazar Khaganate, and two years later, at the request of the Byzantines, he invaded Bulgaria. He did not fulfill the terms of the agreement with the Romans, capturing 80 Bulgarian cities and starting to reign in the occupied lands. This gave rise to the Byzantine-Russian war of 970-971, as a result of which Svyatoslav was forced to leave Bulgaria, but on the way home he was killed by the Pechenegs.

Vladimir Red Sun

Between the three sons of Svyatoslav, an internecine war broke out, in which Vladimir emerged victorious. Under him, extensive urban planning unfolded in Russia, but his most important achievement was elsewhere. In 988, Vladimir baptized Russia, moving from paganism to Orthodox Christianity, announcing that Russia is now the younger sister of the great Byzantium.

Rice. 3. Baptism of Russia.

Using the prepared ground for the development of the young state, the son of Vladimir, Yaroslav the Wise, will make Russia the advanced state of Europe, which will flourish during the years of his reign.

What have we learned?

The first princes of Kyiv were mainly engaged in the expansion and strengthening of the young Russian state. Their task was to secure the borders of Kievan Rus from external aggression and to make allies, primarily in the person of Byzantium. The adoption of Christianity and the destruction of the Khazars partially resolved these issues.

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We know who the first princes in Russia were from the writings of the chroniclers - Nestor, who lived at the turn of the 11th-12th centuries, his contemporary Sylvester and the semi-legendary Joachim, whose reality historians cannot assert with all confidence. It is from their pages that the “deeds of bygone years” come to life before us, the memory of which is kept only in the depths of silent steppe mounds and in folk legends.

First prince of ancient Russia

The chronicler Nestor was canonized, therefore, during his lifetime he did not lie, and therefore we will believe everything that he wrote, especially since we have no choice, to be honest. So, in the middle of the 9th century, the Novgorodians, together with the Krivichi, the Chud and the whole, invited three Varangian brothers to rule themselves - Rurik, Sineus and Truvor. The chronicler explains such a strange desire - to voluntarily give himself under the rule of strangers - by the fact that our ancestors lost hope of independently restoring order in their vast lands, and therefore decided to turn to the Varangians for help.

By the way, at all times there were skeptics among historians. In their opinion, the warlike Scandinavians simply seized the Russian lands and began to rule them, and the legend of voluntary vocation was composed only to please the trampled national pride. However, this version has also not been proven and is based only on idle reasoning and conjecture, and therefore, it is not worth talking about it. In the generally accepted view, the first prince of Kievan Rus was an invited guest here.

Reigning on the banks of the Volkhov

Rurik was the first Varangian prince in Russia. He settled in Novgorod in 862. Then his younger brothers began to rule in the estates assigned to them - Sineus on Beloozero, and Truvor in Izborsk. It is curious that Smolensk and Polotsk did not allow foreigners to visit them - either the order in the cities was exemplary without them, or the Vikings simply did not have the strength to break their resistance. Two years later, Sineus and Truvor die at the same time, as they say now, "under unclear circumstances", and their lands join the possessions of their elder brother Rurik. This became the basis for the subsequent creation of the Russian monarchy.

The chroniclers mentioned above attribute another important event to this period. Two Varangian princes, Askold and Dir, accompanied by a retinue, went on a campaign against Constantinople, but before reaching the Byzantine capital, they captured the small Dnieper city of Kyiv, which later became the capital of Ancient Russia. The campaign they conceived in Byzantium did not bring glory, but as the first Kyiv princes Askold and Dir forever entered our history. And although Rurik was the first Varangian prince in Russia, they also played an important role in the formation of the state.

Treacherous capture of Kyiv

When in 879, after fifteen years of sole reign, Rurik died, he left his young son Igor as the heir to the princely throne, and until he came of age appointed his relative Oleg, the one whom descendants would call the Prophet, the ruler. The new ruler from the first days showed himself to be a man of power, warlike and devoid of excessive morality. Oleg conquers Smolensk and Lyubech, everywhere covering up his actions in the name of the young prince Igor, in whose interests he allegedly acts. Having begun the conquest of the Dnieper lands, he seized Kyiv by cunning and, having killed Askold and Dir, became its ruler. It is to him that the chroniclers attribute the words that Kyiv is the mother of Russian cities.

Conqueror and conqueror of the lands

At the end of the 9th century, Russian lands were still very scattered, and significant territories inhabited by foreigners stretched between Novgorod and Kyiv. Oleg, with his large retinue, conquered many peoples who until then had retained their independence. These were the Ilmen Slavs, the tribes of Chud, Vesi, Drevlyans and many other inhabitants of the forests and steppes. Having united them under his rule, he gathered the lands of Novgorod and Kyiv into a single powerful state.

His campaigns put an end to the dominance of the Khazar Khaganate, which had controlled the southern territories for many years. Oleg became famous for his successful campaign against Byzantium, during which, as a sign of victory, he nailed his famous shield to the gates of Constantinople, sung by both Pushkin and Vysotsky. He returned home with rich booty. The prince died at a ripe old age, satiated with life and glory. Whether the snake biting him, crawling out of a horse's skull, was the cause of death, or is it just fiction - it is not known, but the prince's life itself was brighter and more amazing than any legend.

Mass influx of Scandinavians to Russia

As can be seen from the above, the first princes in Russia, immigrants from the Scandinavian peoples, saw their main task in conquering new lands and creating a single state capable of resisting those numerous enemies who continuously encroached on its integrity.

During these years, seeing the success of their fellow tribesmen in Russia, Scandinavians rushed to the Novgorod and Kyiv lands in large numbers, wanting to snatch their piece, but, finding themselves among a large and resilient people, they inevitably assimilated in it and soon became part of it. The activities of the first princes of Russia, of course, relied on their support, but over time, foreigners gave way to the indigenous people.

Igor's reign

With the death of Oleg, his successor appeared on the historical stage, the son of Rurik, who had matured by that time, the young prince Igor. All his life he tried to achieve the same fame that Oleg got, but fate was not favorable to him. Having undertaken two campaigns against Byzantium, Igor became famous not so much for his military success as for his incredible cruelty towards the civilians of the countries through which his army moved.

However, he did not return home empty-handed, bringing abundant booty from campaigns. His actions against the steppe robbers-Pechenegs, whom he managed to drive away to Bessarabia, were also successful. By nature, ambitious and ambitious, the prince ended his life very ingloriously. Once again collecting tribute from the Drevlyans subject to him, with his indefatigable greed, he brought them to the extreme, and they, having rebelled and interrupted the squad, betrayed him to a fierce death. His actions expressed the whole policy of the first princes of Russia - the search for fame and fortune at any cost. Not burdened by any moral norms, they considered all paths leading to the achievement of the goal acceptable.

Princess, canonized saints

After the death of Igor, power passed to his widow, Princess Olga, whom the prince married in 903. Starting her reign, she brutally dealt with the Drevlyans - the murderers of her husband, sparing neither the elderly nor the children. The princess went on a campaign with her young son Svyatoslav, wanting to accustom him to swearing from an early age.

According to most historians, Olga - as a ruler - deserves praise, and this is due primarily to wise decisions and good deeds. This woman managed to adequately represent Russia in the world. Her special merit is that she was the first to bring the light of Orthodoxy to the Russian land. For this, the church canonized her as a saint. While still a pagan, in 957 she led an embassy to Byzantium. Olga understood that outside of Christianity it was impossible to strengthen the prestige of the state and the ruling dynasty.

Newly Baptized Servant of God Elena

The sacrament of Baptism was performed over her in the church of St. Sophia personally by the patriarch, and the emperor himself acted as a godfather. The princess came out of the holy font with the new name Elena. Unfortunately, having returned to Kyiv, she could not persuade her son Svyatoslav to accept the Christian faith, like all the first princes in Russia, who worshiped Perun. Remained in the darkness of paganism and all boundless Russia, which was to be enlightened by the rays of true faith to her grandson, the future prince of Kyiv Vladimir.

Prince-conqueror Svyatoslav

Princess Olga died in 969 and was buried according to Christian custom. A characteristic feature of her reign was that she limited her activities only to the concerns of state government, leaving the male princes to wage wars and assert her power with the sword. Even Svyatoslav, having matured and received all the princely powers, busy with campaigns, boldly left the state in the care of his mother.

Having inherited power from his mother, Prince Svyatoslav devoted himself entirely to military campaigns, wishing to revive the glory of Russia, which shone so brightly in the time of Prince Oleg. By the way, he was almost the first to follow the laws of knightly honor. The prince, for example, considered it unworthy to attack the enemy by surprise, and it was he who owns the famous phrase "I'm coming at you!"

Possessing an iron will, a clear mind and a talent for generalship, Svyatoslav managed to annex many lands to Russia over the years of his reign, significantly expanding its territories. Like all the first princes in Russia, he was a conqueror, one of those who conquered a sixth of the land for the future Russian state with his sword.

The struggle for power and the victory of Prince Vladimir

The death of Svyatoslav was the beginning of a struggle for power between his three sons - Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir, each of whom, having his own rightful inheritance, sought to seize the brothers' territories by deceit and force. After several years of mutual enmity and intrigue, Vladimir won, becoming the sole and full ruler.

He, like his father, showed outstanding military leadership skills, subduing the rebellions of the peoples subject to him and conquering new ones. However, the main merit that truly immortalized his name was the Baptism of Russia, which took place in 988 and put the young state on a par with European countries, which long before that accepted the light of the Christian faith.

The end of the life of the holy prince

But at the end of his life, the Baptist of Russia was destined to go through many bitter moments. The passion for lust for power ate away the soul of his son Yaroslav, who ruled in Novgorod, and he revolted against his own father. To pacify him, Vladimir was forced to send a squad under the command of his other son Boris to the rebellious city. This inflicted severe psychological trauma on the prince, from which he could not recover and died on July 15, 1015.

For his services to the state and the Russian Orthodox Church, Prince Vladimir entered the history of our country with the addition of the epithet Great or Holy to his name. A special proof of the people's love for this outstanding man is the trace that he left in the folk epic, which mentioned him in epics about Ilya Muromets, Dobryn Novgorodsky and many other Russian heroes.

Ancient Russia: the first princes

This is how the formation of Russia took place, rising from the darkness of paganism and eventually becoming a powerful power, one of the legislators of European politics. But since Russia, during the reign of the first princes, stood out from among other peoples, asserting its superiority over them, it had a long and difficult path ahead, which included the process of evolution of state power. It continued throughout the entire period of Russian autocracy.

The concept of "the first Russian prince in Russia" can be considered very conditional. The whole family of the Rurik princes, which originated from the legendary Varangian, who came to the banks of the Volkhov in 862, and ended with the death of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, carries Scandinavian blood, and it is hardly fair to call its members purely Russian. Numerous specific princes, who were not directly related to this dynasty, also mostly have either Tatar or Western European roots.

But who is the first prince of all Russia, we can say with some accuracy. It is known from the annals that for the first time the title, which emphasized that its owner was not just the Grand Duke, but the ruler of "all Russia", was awarded to Mikhail Yaroslavovich of Tverskoy, who ruled at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. The first Moscow prince of all Russia is also authentically known. It was Ivan Kalita. The same title was worn by his followers, up to the first Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible. The main line of their foreign policy was the expansion of the borders of the Russian state and the annexation of new lands to it. The internal policy was reduced to the all-round strengthening of the centralized princely power.