Preparation for the exam in physics in a month. Self-preparation for the OGE: is it effective and what is needed for it? Preparation for the OGE in physics: tips for the student

M.: 2019 - 288 p. M.: 2016 - 288 p.

This handbook contains all the theoretical material on the course of physics required to pass the main state exam in the 9th grade. It includes all elements of the content, checked by control and measuring materials, and helps to generalize and systematize knowledge and skills for the basic school course. The theory of the course is given in a concise and accessible form. Each section is accompanied by sample tests. Practical tasks correspond to the OGE format. They give a comprehensive idea of ​​the types of tasks of the examination paper and the degree of their complexity. At the end of the manual, answers to all tasks are given, as well as the necessary reference tables. The manual can be used by students to prepare for the OGE and self-control, and by teachers to prepare primary school students for the final certification in physics.

Format: pdf (2019 , 4th ed., revised. and additional, 288s.)

The size: 3.1 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2016 , 2nd ed., revised. and additional, 288s.)

The size: 6.9 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Preface 5
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA
mechanical movement. Trajectory. Way.
Move 7
Uniform rectilinear motion 15
Speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion 21
Free fall 31
Uniform motion of a body in a circle 36
Weight. Matter density 40
Force. Composition of forces 44
Newton's laws 49
Friction force 55
Elastic force. Body weight 60
The law of universal gravitation. Gravity 66
body momentum. Law of conservation of momentum 71
Mechanical work. Power 76
Potential and kinetic energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy 82
simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms 88
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' Law 94
Mechanical vibrations and waves 105
THERMAL PHENOMENA
The structure of matter. Models of gas, liquid and solid structure 116
Thermal motion of atoms and molecules. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the speed of the chaotic motion of particles. Brownian motion. Diffusion.
Thermal equilibrium 125
Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change internal energy 133
Types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation 138
Quantity of heat. Specific heat capacity 146
The law of conservation of energy in thermal processes.
Energy conversion in heat engines 153
Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid 161
Melting and crystallization 169
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
Electrification of tel. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of electric charges. The law of conservation of electric charge 176
Electric field. The action of an electric field on electric charges. Conductors and dielectrics 182
Constant electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Ohm's law for the plot
electrical circuit 188
Series and parallel connections of conductors 200
Work and power of electric current. Joule-Lenz law 206
Oersted's experience. The magnetic field of the current. Interaction of magnets. The action of a magnetic field on a conductor with current 210
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments.
Electromagnetic oscillations and waves 220
The law of rectilinear propagation of light. Law
reflections of light. Flat mirror. Refraction of light 229
Light dispersion Lens. Focal length of the lens.
The eye as an optical system. Optical instruments 234
QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Radioactivity. Alpha, beta, gamma radiation.
Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom 241
The composition of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear reactions 246
Reference materials 252
An example of a variant of control and measuring materials OGE (GIA) 255
Answers 268

The handbook contains all the theoretical material on the basic school physics course and is designed to prepare 9th grade students for the main state exam (OGE).
The content of the main sections of the reference book - "Mechanical phenomena", "Thermal phenomena", "Electromagnetic phenomena", "Quantum phenomena", corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the control and measuring materials (KIMs) of the OGE are compiled.
The theoretical material is presented in a concise and accessible form. The clarity of presentation and clarity of the educational material will allow you to effectively prepare for the exam.
The practical part of the handbook includes samples of test tasks, which, both in form and in content, fully correspond to the real options offered at the main state exam in physics.

Most often they write about preparing for the exam, undeservedly forgetting about the exam. But in order to take the exam after the eleventh grade, you must first go to the tenth and study fruitfully for another two years. It is the preparation for the OGE and passing it that mobilizes all the internal reserves of the child, powerfully motivates him to continue his studies, the desire for a prosperous future, an interesting profession.

Intensely preparing for the OGE, the child builds a solid foundation for further success. This includes a good study in the 10th-11th grades, and a significant backlog for a high-score passing the Unified State Examination, and successful study at the chosen educational institution, where the child will enter after graduation.

The examination paper consists of two parts and contains 26 tasks. In Part 1, there are twenty-two tasks of varying complexity, but requiring a short answer - you need to write a number or a set of numbers as an answer, and establish correspondences.

Part 2 - four tasks - involves detailed answers. And one of them is a laboratory work. The equipment for it will be provided, so there is no possibility of making a mistake with the necessary devices and materials. What should the graduate demonstrate by completing this practical task? Correctly conduct a physical experiment, draw, be able to write down the results, analyze them and make correct calculations. The task is very difficult and it is necessary to carefully prepare for it. Also, do not forget that you only need to clearly complete the task. It is not necessary to carry out any additional measurements that are possible during the conduct of a particular laboratory work, as well as calculations during the exam - this is an extra waste of such precious time that could be used to solve other tasks. Points for additional research and solutions are not set. Just for completing the task.

Often an offensive mistake in the design of an experimental work is a careless sketch of the experimental setup, or its absence, or incomplete.

Also, graduates often forget to write down the units of measurement during calculations or, having made the correct calculations, do not draw a conclusion. A trifle? But they add up points.

What else to pay attention to when preparing for the OGE in physics? on the correctness of the calculations. Even with the ideal fidelity of physical calculations, mathematical calculations, unfortunately, often turn out to be erroneous, and hence the low scores.

When making decisions, it is always necessary to record not only the calculations, but also all the formulas used in this case. If they are absent or only a few are recorded, high results should not be expected. There should also be a brief record of the condition, for example, a calculation problem.

Given the conditions for conducting the OGE, the nature of the tasks and you need to prepare for the upcoming test. Not just to cram theory and formulas, but to achieve understanding so that each letter in the formula is filled with meaning.

If we look at the analysis of examination papers even of the Unified State Examination, we see that in addition to the topic “Mechanical Motion”, all the others covered up to the tenth grade: thermal, electromagnetic and quantum phenomena - cause difficulties for graduates and numerous errors. Even ... the law of Archimedes. Therefore, having perfectly prepared for the exam, the child is already preparing for the successful passing of the exam.

When solving the demo version of the OGE-2017, exam papers of past years, it is necessary to achieve not only the correct solution, but also learn how to fit into the time allotted for the exam - 180 minutes. Some schoolchildren, due to the specifics of their temperament, do not like haste: they are used to savoring the task, thinking about different solutions for a long time, not in a hurry to write it down. In the "Specification of Testing and Measuring Materials in Physics" - a golden document, a truly practical guide to successful step-by-step preparation for the exam, - the approximate required optimal time calculated in a practical way is given: it is proposed to spend 2-5 minutes on solving basic tasks, increased complexity - from 6 to 15, high - 20-30. When preparing, it is necessary to take into account a clearly limited period of time allotted for the implementation of the examination work.

Diligence, perseverance, the desire to learn, understand, achieve the goal always leads to victory, to high results.

The state final certification for ninth grade graduates is currently voluntary, you can always refuse and take the usual traditional exams.

What is more attractive then the form of the OGE (GIA) for graduates of the 9th grade of 2019? Carrying out direct certification in this new form allows you to get an independent assessment of the preparation of schoolchildren. All tasks of the OGE (GIA) are presented in the form of a special form, which includes questions with a choice of answers to them. A direct analogy with the USE is drawn. In this case, you can give both short and detailed answers. Our website website will help you prepare well and assess your chances realistically. Besides, GIA and OGE tests online with checking answers help you decide on the further choice of the profile class of high school. You can easily evaluate your knowledge in the chosen subject. To do this, our project offers you various tests in a number of disciplines. Our website dedicated to preparation for passing the GIA 2019 grade 9 online, will fully help you prepare for the first serious and responsible test in life.

All materials on our site are presented in a simple, easy-to-understand form. Whether you are an A student in your class or an average student, everything is now in your hands. It will not be superfluous for you to visit ours. Here you will find answers to all your questions. Be prepared for a difficult test of the OGE, GIA and the result will exceed all your expectations.

Many parents criticize the modern educational system because of its heavy focus on obtaining abstract scores rather than real knowledge. There is some truth in this, but in any case, each student expects a GIA in the 9th grade. If in the future admission to a technical university is expected, then preparing for the OGE in physics is one of the key ways to achieve this goal. Real knowledge is important here, not grades in the report card. How to prepare for the OGE in physics in order to get the desired score?

Secrets of Successful Preparation

1. Having a plan.

   Without an action plan, it's hard to get a really high score. If the preparation for the OGE in physics does not have deadlines for mastering the required information, then by the date of the exam there is a high probability of having gaps in knowledge. At the same time, the main thing in the existing plan is the correspondence of the set goals to the student's abilities, including psychological ones. After all, the learning process is not always simple and requires intense brain activity, after which there must be time to rest.



2. Understanding the current level of knowledge.

   This is important not only at the beginning of preparation, but also directly in the process to determine the level of progress. Preparing for the GIA, the best way to monitor knowledge is practice tests. Having passed such testing at Unium, the student will receive the optimal level of workload, which allows him to effectively study “problem areas” so that they do not cause loss of points in the exam.



3. Possibility of corrections of preparation by the mentor.

   Learning topics can have different productivity. For example, some schoolchildren easily understand the interference and diffraction of light, while for others this topic is complex and requires more attention. The student prepares for the Unium exam with the constant support of a specialist who will tell you what to focus on and what it is enough to briefly remember how to prepare for the OGE in physics systematically and efficiently.

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Studying the material without the help of tutors and experienced teachers has not only a number of advantages, but is also associated with certain difficulties. It is advisable to refuse a tutor if:

1. You have no difficulty understanding the subject. Perhaps you simply skipped some topics due to illness, which created gaps in knowledge, or part of the material was skipped by the teacher himself, who gave topics for home consideration.
2. You know the subject well in general and want to refresh your knowledge. Even if your report card has always flaunted excellent marks, do not neglect the preparation for the exam. For several years, some of the information is forgotten, and remembering it will not be superfluous at all. Plus, it's pretty easy to do it yourself.
3. They will be able to help you. Parents who are teachers or professors or even classmates who are honored to spend half an hour explaining a difficult topic will help you a lot. If you are sure that you can cope with the bulk of the material on your own, and they will help you with complex topics, feel free to choose self-preparation.

Start preparing in advance, do not postpone everything for the last weeks. The end of the year is already a busy period, you will have to write tests, do individual assignments and many other types of work, and there will be very little time to prepare. In addition, it is better to absorb information in small parts, delving into each rule and formula.

Practice regularly. It is better to set aside 1-2 hours every day than to devote all weekends to preparation and sit at the computer for many hours in a row. Do not forget, the brain can work effectively for no more than 40-45 minutes, after which it is necessary to take a break. If you try to “catch up” with all the classes you missed during the week in one day, the material you read will be forgotten very quickly.

Don't forget about repetition. It is best to repeat the material twice - 6 hours after studying and the next day. Repeat and remember only the key information, and you will not forget it until the day of the exam.

Study in a calm, quiet environment, do not be distracted by any household chores, focus.

How to prepare for the OGE on your own: what materials are needed?

First of all, take care of the equipment and stock up on all the necessary materials that you will use.

You should not immediately go to the library and ask for textbooks from previous years, they are unlikely to help you. The fact is that the material in them is presented with lengthy explanations, the study of which will take a lot of time. In addition, the OGE program changes annually, some topics are skipped. In textbooks, you will have to learn and repeat everything in a row, even that which may not be useful at all on the exam.

An excellent alternative to textbooks will be special training manuals. The material in them is presented concisely, in fact, the main concepts, formulas, dates, rules and other key information are highlighted. Often the text is accompanied by tables, diagrams, charts and other graphic components that simplify the process of organizing and remembering information.

In addition to manuals and collections with a theoretical part, you will need materials for practice. It will not be superfluous to practice solving tests and problems, answering written questions and writing essays, that is, performing such types of tasks that you will encounter during testing.

A complete database of materials for preparation on the site "site"

In order not to waste extra money and time searching for and buying all the necessary manuals and collections with training tasks, register on the site "site". Here you will find a complete database of materials that will help in preparing for the OGE in all subjects:

• Russian language and literature
• English, Spanish, French, German
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Biology
• social studies
• Stories
• Mathematics
• Geography
• computer science

We have collected all the necessary materials for our users:

1. Theoretical manuals, which contain textual information, tables, charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, images and much more.
2. Practical tasks, including tests, tasks, examples, open tasks with independent formulation of the correct answer, retellings, essays and others.

All materials on the site "site" are divided into separate sections corresponding to subjects, and systematized by topic. Thanks to this, you can easily find the information you need and prepare yourself as efficiently as possible.

If you are preparing for the exam, we bring to your attention online preparation - which will save you time and money.